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Chen Y, Yuan CJ, Xu BJ, Cao JY, Lee MY, Liu M, Wu Q, Du Y. Suppressing Organic Bromine but Promoting Bromate: Is the Ultraviolet/Ozone Process a Double-Edged Sword for the Toxicity of Wastewater to Mammalian Cells? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11649-11660. [PMID: 38872439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Brominated byproducts and toxicity generation are critical issues for ozone application to wastewater containing bromide. This study demonstrated that ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3, 100 mJ/cm2, 1 mg-O3/mg-DOC) reduced the cytotoxicity of wastewater from 14.2 mg of pentol/L produced by ozonation to 4.3 mg of pentol/L (1 mg/L bromide, pH 7.0). The genotoxicity was also reduced from 1.65 to 0.17 μg-4-NQO/L by UV/O3. Compared with that of O3 alone, adsorbable organic bromine was reduced from 25.8 to 5.3 μg/L by UV/O3, but bromate increased from 32.9 to 71.4 μg/L. The UV/O3 process enhanced the removal of pre-existing precursors (highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and poly aromatic hydrocarbons), while new precursors were generated, yet the combined effect of UV/O3 on precursors did not result in a significant change in toxicity. Instead, UV radiation inhibited HOBr concentration through both rapid O3 decomposition to reduce HOBr production and decomposition of the formed HOBr, thus suppressing the AOBr formation. However, the hydroxyl radical-dominated pathway in UV/O3 led to a significant increase of bromate. Considering both organic bromine and bromate, the UV/O3 process effectively controlled both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of wastewater to mammalian cells, even though an emphasis should be also placed on managing elevated bromate. Futhermore, other end points are needed to evaluate the toxicity outcomes of the UV/O3 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Chang-Jie Yuan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Bao-Jun Xu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jie-Yu Cao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Division of Chemical Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Qianyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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Liao T, Liu X, Liu Y, Li N, Wang J, Li N, Wang X, Li Y, Fan X, Peng W. Sulfate radical dominated rapid pollutants degradation leaded by selenium vacancies in core-shell N-doped carbon wrapped cobalt diselenide nanospheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:219-231. [PMID: 38522161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a new heterogeneous CoSe2-x@NC material with abundant selenium vacancies is synthesized via an in-situ carbonization-selenization process from cobaltic metal organic framework (Co-MOF). The obtained CoSe2-x@NC has a unique electronic structure and rich active sites, which can activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade carbamazepine (CBZ) with superior catalytic performance and stability. The quenchingexperiments and EPR test show that SO4•- is the dominant reactive oxidation species (ROSs) for CBZ degradation. Significantly, systemic electrochemical tests and theoretical calculations illustrated that the dominant role of SO4•- is attributed to the existence of abundant selenium vacancies in CoSe2-x@NC, which can adjust the density of electron cloud of the Co atoms in CoSe2-x@NC to improve the PMS adsorption and promoting the conversion of transition metallic redox pairs (Co3+/Co2+). This work provides a facile way to improve the activity and stability of CoSe2 by defect engineering in the PMS based advanced oxidation process (AOPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuexu Liu
- Peric Special Gases Co., Ltd, No. 1 Weiwu Road, Chemical Industry Cluster Area, Feixiang District, Handan City 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ningyuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenchao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Du Y, Liu T, Yang LL, Song ZM, Dai X, Wang WL, Lai B, Wu QY. Ferrate(VI) assists in reducing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to mammalian cells and organic bromine formation in ozonated wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121353. [PMID: 38401473 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Ozonation of wastewater containing bromide (Br-) forms highly toxic organic bromine. The effectiveness of ozonation in mitigating wastewater toxicity is minimal. Simultaneous application of ozone (O3) (5 mg/L) and ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) (10 mg-Fe/L) reduced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity towards mammalian cells by 39.8% and 71.1% (pH 7.0), respectively, when the wastewater has low levels of Br-. This enhanced reduction in toxicity can be attributed to increased production of reactive iron species Fe(IV)/Fe(V) and reactive oxygen species (•OH) that possess higher oxidizing ability. When wastewater contains 2 mg/L Br-, ozonation increased cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by 168%-180% and 150%-155%, respectively, primarily due to the formation of organic bromine. However, O3/Fe(VI) significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed both total organic bromine (TOBr), BrO3-, as well as their associated toxicity. Electron donating capacity (EDC) measurement and precursor inference using Orbitrap ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry found that Fe(IV)/Fe(V) and •OH enhanced EDC removal from precursors present in wastewater, inhibiting electrophilic substitution and electrophilic addition reactions that lead to organic bromine formation. Additionally, HOBr quenched by self-decomposition-produced H2O2 from Fe(VI) also inhibits TOBr formation along with its associated toxicity. The adsorption of Fe(III) flocs resulting from Fe(VI) decomposition contributes only minimally to reducing toxicity. Compared to ozonation alone, integration of Fe(VI) with O3 offers improved safety for treating wastewater with varying concentrations of Br-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lu-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhi-Min Song
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Xin Dai
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Lai
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Du J, Wang C, Sun M, Chen G, Liu C, Deng X, Chen R, Zhao Z. Novel vacuum UV/ozone/peroxymonosulfate process for efficient degradation of levofloxacin: Performance evaluation and mechanism insight. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132916. [PMID: 37951169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum UV (VUV) irradiation has advantage in coupling oxidants for organics removal because VUV can dissociate water to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and decompose oxidants rapidly. In this study, the synergistic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by VUV and ozone (O3) was explored via developing a novel integrated VUV/O3/PMS process, and the performance and mechanisms of VUV/O3/PMS for levofloxacin (LEV) degradation were investigated systematically. Results indicated that VUV/O3/PMS could effectively degrade LEV, and the degradation rate was 1.67-18.79 times of its sub-processes. Effects of PMS dosage, O3 dosage, solution pH, anions, and natural organic matter on LEV removal by VUV/O3/PMS were also studied. Besides, hydroxyl radical and sulfate radical were main ROS with contributions of 49.7% and 17.4%, respectively. Moreover, the degradation pathways of LEV in VUV/O3/PMS process were speculated based on density functional theory calculation and by-products detection. Furthermore, synergistic reaction mechanisms in VUV/O3/PMS process were proposed. The energy consumption of VUV/O3/PMS decreased by 22.6%- 88.1% compared to its sub-processes. Finally, the integrated VUV/O3/PMS process showed satisfactory results in removing LEV in actual waters, manifesting VUV/O3/PMS had great application potential and feasibility in removing organics in wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Du
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PR China
| | - Chuang Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PR China.
| | - Meilin Sun
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PR China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean Utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PR China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Deng
- College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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Shi P, Yue X, Teng X, Qu R, Rady A, Maodaa S, Allam AA, Wang Z, Huo Z. Degradation of Butylated Hydroxyanisole by the Combined Use of Peroxymonosulfate and Ferrate(VI): Reaction Kinetics, Mechanism and Toxicity Evaluation. TOXICS 2024; 12:54. [PMID: 38251010 PMCID: PMC10818440 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a synthetic phenolic antioxidant (SPA), is now widely present in natural waters. To improve the degradation efficiency of BHA and reduce product toxicity, a combination of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and Ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) was used in this study. We systematically investigated the reaction kinetics, mechanism and product toxicity in the degradation of BHA through the combined use of PMS and Fe(VI). The results showed that PMS and Fe(VI) have synergistic effects on the degradation of BHA. The effects of operational factors, including PMS dosage, pH and coexisting ions (Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, K+, NH4+ and Mg2+), and different water matrices were investigated through a series of kinetic experiments. When T = 25 °C, the initial pH was 8.0, the initial BHA concentration was 100 μM, the initial concentration ratio of [PMS]0:[Fe(VI)]0:[BHA]0 was 100:1:1 and the degradation rate could reach 92.4% within 30 min. Through liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) identification, it was determined that the oxidation pathway of BHA caused by PMS/Fe(VI) mainly includes hydroxylation, ring-opening and coupling reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that •OH was most likely to attack BHA and generate hydroxylated products. The comprehensive comparison of product toxicity results showed that the PMS/Fe(VI) system can effectively reduce the environmental risk of a reaction. This study contributes to the development of PMS/Fe(VI) for water treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiduan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaolei Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Saleh Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt;
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zongli Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhang YX, Xiang JL, Wang JJ, Du HS, Wang TT, Huo ZY, Wang WL, Liu M, Du Y. Ultraviolet-based synergistic processes for wastewater disinfection: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131393. [PMID: 37062094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is widely used for wastewater disinfection but suffers from low inactivation rates and can cause photoreactivation of microorganisms. Synergistic disinfection with UV and oxidants is promising for enhancing the inactivation performance. This review summarizes the inactivation effects on representative microorganisms by UV/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), UV/ozone (O3), UV/persulfate (PS), UV/chlorine, and UV/chlorine dioxide (ClO2). UV synergistic processes perform better than UV or an oxidant alone. UV mainly attacks the DNA or RNA in microorganisms; the oxidants H2O2 and O3 mainly attack the cell walls, cell membranes, and other external structures; and HOCl and ClO2 enter cells and oxidize proteins and enzymes. Free radicals can have strong oxidation effects on cell walls, cell membranes, proteins, enzymes, and even DNA. At similar UV doses, the inactivation rates of Escherichia coli with UV alone, UV/H2O2, UV/O3, UV/PS (peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate), and UV/chlorinated oxidant (chlorine, ClO2, and NH2Cl) range from 2.03 to 3.84 log, 2.62-4.30 log, 4.02-6.08 log, 2.93-5.07 log, and 3.78-6.55 log, respectively. The E. coli inactivation rates are in the order of UV/O3 ≈ UV/Cl2 > UV/PS > UV/H2O2. This order is closely related to the redox potentials of the oxidants and quantum yields of the radicals. UV synergistic disinfection processes inhibit photoreactivation of E. coli in the order of UV/O3 > UV/PS > UV/H2O2. The activation mechanisms and formation pathways of free radicals with different UV-based synergistic processes are presented. In addition to generating HO·, O3 can reduce the turbidity and chroma of wastewater to increase UV penetration, which improves the disinfection performance of UV/O3. This knowledge will be useful for further development of the UV-based synergistic disinfection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jue-Lin Xiang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Du
- Sichuan Macyouwei Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huo
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ye Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
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