1
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Salerno CM, Kamel SJ. Behavioural type, plasticity and predictability are linked to shell shape in a marsh ecosystem predator–prey interaction. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Anjos RBD, Silva WPN, Silva AADD, Barros SRDS, Carvalho Filho EVD. Use of statistical modeling for BTEX prediction in cases of crude oil spill in seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:2825-2833. [PMID: 33739237 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1906325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cases of oil spillage and leakage in marine environments are increasing, and generating a need to quickly assess the presence of these contaminants in seawater. This work aims to estimate the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) dissolved in seawater in cases of oil spillage using experimental factorial planning. The study factors were oil °API and oil/seawater contact time after spillage. The models obtained were able to satisfactorily estimate BTEX concentrations, with accuracy greater than 99.3% within the ranges studied, with R² correlation coefficients ranging from 0.992 to 0.997. The models presented forecast efficiency higher than 88%, with low relative errors, ranging from 0.1% to 12%. The concentrations of benzene dissolved in seawater found experimentally with only one hour of spillage, for the two types of oils studied, were higher than allowed by Brazilian legislation, demonstrating real environmental risk in cases of spillage of these types of oil into the sea. These results can corroborate the development of a risk assessment in oil spills within the studied ranges and serve as a useful analytical tool for emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoni Batista Dos Anjos
- Núcleo de Processamento Primário e Reúso de Água Produzida e Resíduos (NUPPRAR) Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Paulino Neves Silva
- Núcleo de Processamento Primário e Reúso de Água Produzida e Resíduos (NUPPRAR) Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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3
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Krull M, Newman MC. Joint Effects of Fragmentation and Mercury Contamination on Marsh Periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) Movement. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1742-1753. [PMID: 35474589 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are different ways contaminants can interact and enhance the effects of habitat fragmentation, such as modifying the movement of organisms. The present study tested the hypothesis that mercury exacerbates the effects of fragmentation by affecting the movement of the marsh periwinkle Littoraria irrorata and reducing the probability of snails crossing fragmented microlandscape experimental systems. How these changes could affect the search efficiency of organisms in the long term was assessed using hidden Markov models and random walks simulations. Bayesian nonlinear models were used to analyze the effects of fragmentation and contamination on the mean speed and mean directional change of organisms. Snail movement for control and two mercury-exposure treatments were recorded in microlandscapes with six different levels of habitat cover and three landscape replicates. The results indicated that exposed organisms had lower probabilities of crossing the landscape, reduced speed, and shifts in step length distributions. Both mercury exposure and habitat fragmentation affected the movement of the marsh periwinkle. Mercury exacerbated the effects of habitat fragmentation by affecting the cognition (e.g., route planning, orientation, and spatial learning) and movement of L. irrorata. Hence, the interaction of these stressors could further reduce the functional connectivity of landscapes and reduce the search efficiency of organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1742-1753. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Krull
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA
- Data Analysis & Simulation, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Michael C Newman
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA
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4
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Zengel S, Weaver J, Mendelssohn IA, Graham SA, Lin Q, Hester MW, Willis JM, Silliman BR, Fleeger JW, McClenachan G, Rabalais NN, Turner RE, Hughes AR, Cebrian J, Deis DR, Rutherford N, Roberts BJ. Meta-analysis of salt marsh vegetation impacts and recovery: a synthesis following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e02489. [PMID: 34741358 PMCID: PMC9285535 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine oil spills continue to be a global issue, heightened by spill events such as the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the largest marine oil spill in US waters and among the largest worldwide, affecting over 1,000 km of sensitive wetland shorelines, primarily salt marshes supporting numerous ecosystem functions. To synthesize the effects of the oil spill on foundational vegetation species in the salt marsh ecosystem, Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus, we performed a meta-analysis using data from 10 studies and 255 sampling sites over seven years post-spill. We examined the hypotheses that the oil spill reduced plant cover, stem density, vegetation height, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass, and tracked the degree of effects temporally to estimate recovery time frames. All plant metrics indicated impacts from oiling, with 20-100% maximum reductions depending on oiling level and marsh zone. Peak reductions of ~70-90% in total plant cover, total aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass were observed for heavily oiled sites at the marsh edge. Both Spartina and Juncus were impacted, with Juncus affected to a greater degree. Most plant metrics had recovery time frames of three years or longer, including multiple metrics with incomplete recovery over the duration of our data, at least seven years post-spill. Belowground biomass was particularly concerning, because it declined over time in contrast with recovery trends in most aboveground metrics, serving as a strong indicator of ongoing impact, limited recovery, and impaired resilience. We conclude that the Deepwater Horizon spill had multiyear impacts on salt marsh vegetation, with full recovery likely to exceed 10 years, particularly in heavily oiled marshes, where erosion may preclude full recovery. Vegetation impacts and delayed recovery is likely to have exerted substantial influences on ecosystem processes and associated species, especially along heavily oiled shorelines. Our synthesis affords a greater understanding of ecosystem impacts and recovery following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and informs environmental impact analysis, contingency planning, emergency response, damage assessment, and restoration efforts related to oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Zengel
- Research Planning, Inc. (RPI)TallahasseeFlorida32303USA
| | | | | | - Sean A. Graham
- Gulf South Research CorporationBaton RougeLouisiana70820USA
| | - Qianxin Lin
- Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana70803USA
| | - Mark W. Hester
- University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisiana70504USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy N. Rabalais
- Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana70803USA
- Louisiana Universities Marine ConsortiumChauvinLouisiana70344USA
| | | | - A. Randall Hughes
- Northeastern University Marine Science CenterNahantMassachusetts01908USA
| | - Just Cebrian
- Northern Gulf InstituteStennis Space CenterMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippi39529USA
| | | | - Nicolle Rutherford
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)SeattleWashington98115USA
| | - Brian J. Roberts
- Louisiana Universities Marine ConsortiumChauvinLouisiana70344USA
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5
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Hart ME, Perez-Umphrey A, Stouffer PC, Burns CB, Bonisoli-Alquati A, Taylor SS, Woltmann S. Nest survival of Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima) in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259022. [PMID: 34699553 PMCID: PMC8547620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill released an estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, damaging coastal ecosystems. Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima)-a year-round resident of Gulf Coast salt marshes-were exposed to oil, as shown by published isotopic and molecular analyses, but fitness consequences have not been clarified. We monitored nests around two bays in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, USA from 2012-2017 to assess possible impacts on the nesting biology of Seaside Sparrows. A majority of nests failed (76% of known-fate nests, N = 252 nests, 3521 exposure-days) during our study, and predation was the main cause of nest failure (~91% of failed nests). Logistic exposure analysis revealed that daily nest survival rate: (1) was greater at nests with denser vegetation at nest height, (2) was higher in the more sheltered bay we studied, (3) decreased over the course of the breeding season in each year, and (4) was not correlated with either sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations or estimated predator abundance during the years for which we had those data. Although the Deepwater Horizon spill impacted other aspects of Seaside Sparrow ecology, we found no definitive effect of initial oiling or oiled sediment on nest survival during 2012-2017. Because predation was the overwhelming cause of nest failure in our study, additional work on these communities is needed to fully understand demographic and ecological impacts of storms, oil spills, other pollutants, and sea-level rise on Seaside Sparrows and their predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Hart
- Center of Excellence for Field Biology, and Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN, United States of America
| | - Anna Perez-Umphrey
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Philip C Stouffer
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Christine Bergeon Burns
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Sabrina S Taylor
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Stefan Woltmann
- Center of Excellence for Field Biology, and Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN, United States of America
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6
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Martin CW, McDonald AM, Rieucau G, Roberts BJ. Previous oil exposure alters Gulf Killifish Fundulus grandis oil avoidance behavior. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10587. [PMID: 33384905 PMCID: PMC7751417 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil spills threaten the structure and function of ecological communities. The Deepwater Horizon spill was predicted to have catastrophic consequences for nearshore fishes, but field studies indicate resilience in populations and communities. Previous research indicates many marsh fishes exhibit avoidance of oil contaminated areas, representing one potential mechanism for this resilience. Here, we test whether prior oil exposure of Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis alters this avoidance response. Using choice tests between unoiled and oiled sediments at one of three randomized concentrations (low: 0.1 L oil m-2, medium: 0.5 L oil m-2, or high: 3.0 L oil m-2), we found that, even at low prior exposure levels, killifish lose recognition of oiled sediments compared to control, unexposed fish. Preference for unoiled sediments was absent across all oil concentrations after oil exposure, and some evidence for preference of oiled sediments at high exposure was demonstrated. These results highlight the lack of response to toxic environments in exposed individuals, indicating altered behavior despite organism survival. Future research should document additional sublethal consequences that affect ecosystem and food web functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Martin
- UF/IFAS Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States of America
| | - Ashley M McDonald
- UF/IFAS Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Rieucau
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA, United States of America
| | - Brian J Roberts
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA, United States of America
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7
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Deis DR, Fleeger JW, Johnson DS, Mendelssohn IA, Lin Q, Graham SA, Zengel S, Hou A. Recovery of the salt marsh periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) 9 years after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Size matters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111581. [PMID: 32890962 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies indicated salt marsh periwinkles (Littoraria irrorata) were strongly impacted in heavily oiled marshes for at least 5 years following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Here, we detail longer-term effects and recovery over nine years. Our analysis found that neither density nor population size structure recovered at heavily oiled sites where snails were smaller and variability in size structure and density was increased. Total aboveground live plant biomass and stem density remained lower over time in heavily oiled marshes, and we speculate that the resulting more open canopy stimulated benthic microalgal production contributing to high spring periwinkle densities or that the lower stem density reduced the ability of subadults and small adults to escape predation. Our data indicate that periwinkle population recovery may take one to two decades after the oil spill at moderately oiled and heavily oiled sites, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Fleeger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - David S Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Irving A Mendelssohn
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Qianxin Lin
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sean A Graham
- Gulf South Research Corporation, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
| | - Scott Zengel
- Research Planning, Inc., Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - Aixin Hou
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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8
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Bonisoli-Alquati A, Xu W, Stouffer PC, Taylor SS. Transcriptome analysis indicates a broad range of toxic effects of Deepwater Horizon oil on Seaside Sparrows. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137583. [PMID: 32325582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In marine species, the transcriptomic response to Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil implicated many biochemical pathways, with corresponding adverse outcomes on organ development and physiological performance. Terrestrial organisms differ in their mechanisms of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their physiological challenges, and may reveal either distinct effects of oil on biochemical pathways or the generality of the responses to oil shown in marine species. Using a cross-species hybridization microarray approach, we investigated the transcriptomic response in the liver of Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima) exposed to DWH oil compared with birds from a control site. Our analysis identified 295 genes differentially expressed between birds exposed to oil and controls. Gene ontology (GO) and canonical pathway analysis suggested that the identified genes were involved in a coordinated response that promoted hepatocellular proliferation and liver regeneration while inhibiting apoptosis, necrosis, and liver steatosis. Exposure to oil also altered the expression of genes regulating energy homeostasis, including carbohydrate metabolism and gluconeogenesis, and the biosynthesis, transport and metabolism of lipids. These results provide a molecular mechanism for the long-standing observation of hepatic hypertrophy and altered lipid biosynthesis and transport in birds exposed to crude oil. Several of the activated pathways and pathological outcomes shown here overlap with the ones altered in fish species upon exposure to oil. Overall, our study shows that the path of oil contamination from the marine system into salt marshes can lead to similar responses in terrestrial birds to those described in marine organisms, suggesting similar adverse outcomes and shared machinery for detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonisoli-Alquati
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States of America.
| | - W Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States of America
| | - P C Stouffer
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America; LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - S S Taylor
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America; LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
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9
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Martin CW, Lewis KA, McDonald AM, Spearman TP, Alford SB, Christian RC, Valentine JF. Disturbance-driven changes to northern Gulf of Mexico nekton communities following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 155:111098. [PMID: 32469757 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico discharged ~3.19 million barrels of oil into Gulf waters, making it one of the largest marine disasters in history in terms of volume. We report on the results of a study to assess oil impacts to coastal fishes and invertebrates. Using two-decades of fisheries-independent data in coastal Alabama and Mississippi, we document variability following both natural and anthropogenic disturbances from two periods pre-DwH (1997-2001 and 2007-2009), one intra-spill period for acute DwH effects (2010-2012) and one period post-spill for chronic, longer-term impacts (2014-2017). Results indicated significant changes to community structure, relative abundance, and diversity in the intra-spill period. Causation for changes is confounded by variables such as behavioral emigration, altered freshwater inflow, death of consumers, and the mandated fishery closure. Results highlight the need for long-term, comprehensive monitoring/observing systems to provide adequate background for assessing future disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Martin
- Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 552 1st Street, Cedar Key, FL 32625, United States of America.
| | - Kristy A Lewis
- Department of Biology and The National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Ashley M McDonald
- Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 552 1st Street, Cedar Key, FL 32625, United States of America
| | - Trey P Spearman
- Department of Marine Science, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | - Scott B Alford
- Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 552 1st Street, Cedar Key, FL 32625, United States of America; Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, United States of America
| | - Robert C Christian
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States of America
| | - John F Valentine
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, United States of America
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10
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Fleeger JW, Johnson DS, Zengel S, Mendelssohn IA, Deis DR, Graham SA, Lin Q, Christman MC, Riggio MR, Pant M. Macroinfauna responses and recovery trajectories after an oil spill differ from those following saltmarsh restoration. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104881. [PMID: 32072985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the severity of injuries to biota in coastal wetlands from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH) and the resulting availability of funding for restoration, information on impacted salt marshes and biotic development of restored marshes may both help inform marsh restoration planning in the near term and for future spills. Accordingly, we performed a meta-analysis to model a restoration trajectory of total macroinfauna density in constructed marshes (studied for ~30 y), and with a previously published restoration trajectory for amphipods, we compared these to recovery curves for total macroinfauna and amphipods from DWH impacted marshes (over 8.5 y). Total macroinfauna and amphipod densities in constructed marshes did not consistently reach equivalency with reference sites before 20 y, yet in heavily oiled marshes recovery occurred by 4.5 y post spill (although it is unlikely that macroinfaunal community composition fully recovered). These differences were probably due to initial conditions (e.g., higher initial levels of belowground organic matter in oiled marshes) that were more conducive to recovery as compared to constructed marshes. Furthermore, we found that amphipod trajectories were distinctly different in constructed and oiled marshes as densities at oiled sites exceeded that of reference sites by as much as 20x during much of the recovery period. Amphipods may have responded to the rapid increase and high biomass of benthic microalgae following the spill. These results indicate that biotic responses after an oil spill may be quantitatively different than those following restoration, even for heavily oiled marshes that were initially denuded of vegetation. Our dual trajectories for oil spill recovery and restoration development for macroinfauna should help guide restoration planning and assessment following the DWH as well as for restoration scaling for future spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Fleeger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - D S Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - S Zengel
- Research Planning, Inc. (RPI), 247 E. 7th Ave, Tallahassee, FL, 32303, USA
| | - I A Mendelssohn
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, 70803, USA
| | - D R Deis
- Atkins, Jacksonville, FL, 32256, USA
| | - S A Graham
- Gulf South Research Corporation, 8081 Innovation Park Dr, Baton Rouge, LA, 70820, USA
| | - Q Lin
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, 70803, USA
| | - M C Christman
- MCC Statistical Consulting, LLC, 2219 NW 23rd Terrace, Gainesville, FL, 32605, USA
| | - M R Riggio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - M Pant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
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11
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Klerks PL, Kascak A, Cazan AM, Franco ME, Louka FR. A Mesocosm Assessment of the Effect of Bioturbation by the Ghost Shrimp (Lepidophthalmus louisianensis) on the Fate of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Intertidal Zone. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:637-647. [PMID: 31858618 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To fully assess the long-term impacts of oil spills like the 2010 Deepwater Horizon incident in the northern Gulf of Mexico, the potential for organisms other than microbes to affect the fate and distribution of the oil may have to be considered. This influence could be substantial for abundant bioturbating benthic animals like the ghost shrimp Lepidophthalmus louisianensis. An assessment of the influence of these ghost shrimp on petroleum hydrocarbons was conducted in laboratory micro- and mesocosms containing coastal Gulf of Mexico sediment, seawater, and oil or the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pyrene. In an experiment with pyrene added to the water column, the ghost shrimp presence lowered water-column pyrene concentrations. In an experiment with oil added to the sediment surface, the ghost shrimp presence decreased PAH concentrations in the sediment surface layer but increased these in the water column and subsurface sediment. A companion study and a mass-balance analysis indicated a net loss of PAHs through an enhancement of microbial degradation. In an experiment in which oil was added as a narrow subsurface layer in the sediment, the ghost shrimp presence appeared to broaden the oil's depth distribution. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ghost shrimp can significantly influence the biodegradation and distribution of spilled oil in coastal ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:637-647. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alex Kascak
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alfy M Cazan
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marco E Franco
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Febee R Louka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
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12
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Evaluation of Thermally Treated Calotropis Procera Fiber for the Removal of Crude Oil on the Water Surface. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12233894. [PMID: 31775373 PMCID: PMC6926797 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biosorbents have been highlighted as an alternative method for the removal of contaminants from spills or leaks of oil and its derivatives, since they are biodegradable, are highly available, low-cost, and have a good sorption capacity. This research investigated the sorption capacity of Calotropis procera fiber in natura (CP) and thermally treated (150 °C and 200 °C) for crude oil removal and recovery. The oil sorption tests were carried out in a dry and water (layer) static systems. The assays revealed that CP fiber has excellent hydrophobic-oil properties and good crude oil sorption capacity, about 75 times its own weight (76.32 g/g). The results of the treated fibers, CPT150 and CPT200, showed oil sorption capacities (in 24 h) higher than CP, between 94.31–103.37 g/g and 124.60–180.95 g/g, respectively. The results from sample CPT200 showed that it can be an excellent biosorbent for the removal of crude oil and other derivatives due to its high hydrophobicity, great reuse/resorption capacity, and ability to retain oil within the fiber lumens. Thus, it can be applied in the recovery, cleaning, and removal of petroleum products and its derivatives from spills and leaks in the future.
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13
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Oniosun S, Harbottle M, Tripathy S, Cleall P. Plant growth, root distribution and non-aqueous phase liquid phytoremediation at the pore-scale. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109378. [PMID: 31445373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The success of phytoremediation is dependent on the exposure of plants to contaminants, which is controlled by root distribution, physicochemical characteristics, and contaminant behavior in the soil environment. Whilst phytoremediation has been successful in remediating hydrocarbons and other organic contaminants, there is little understanding of the impact of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) on plant behavior, root architecture and the resulting impact of this on phytoremediation. Light NAPLs (LNAPLs) may be present in pore spaces in the capillary zone as a continuous or semi-continuous phase, or as unconnected ganglia which act as individual contaminant sources. Experimental work with ryegrass (Lolium perenne) grown under hydroponic conditions in idealised pore scale models is presented, exploring how plant growth, root distribution and development, and oil removal are affected through direct physical contact with a model LNAPL (mineral oil). In the presence of low levels of LNAPL, a significant decrease in root length was observed, whilst at higher LNAPL levels root lengths increased due to root diversion and spreading, with evidence of root redistribution in the case of LNAPL contamination across multiple adjacent pores. Changes to root morphology were also observed in the presence of LNAPL with plant roots coarse and crooked compared to long, fine and smooth roots in uncontaminated columns. Root and shoot biomass also appear to be impacted by the LNAPL although the effects are complex, affected by both root diversion and thickening. Substantial levels of LNAPL removal were observed, with roots close to LNAPL sources able to remove dissolved-phase contamination, and root growth through LNAPL sources suggest that direct uptake/degradation is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Oniosun
- Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Harbottle
- Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Snehasis Tripathy
- Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Cleall
- Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
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14
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Recovery of horse fly populations in Louisiana marshes following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13777. [PMID: 30213957 PMCID: PMC6137066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010 had unprecedented impact on the Gulf of Mexico. We established the greenhead horse fly (Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart) as a bioindicator of marsh health. This species is bound to coastal marshes, since its larvae develop as top invertebrate predators in the marsh soil. Immediately after the oil spill (2010–2011), populations of this horse fly declined in oiled areas of Louisiana marshes with significant impacts on genetic structure. In this follow-up study five years after the catastrophic event (2015–2016), we now report signs of recovery of populations in formerly oiled areas. Fly numbers increased compared to previous counts. Previously detected genetic bottlenecks in oiled populations have disappeared. Migration into oiled areas began to replenish formerly depleted horse fly populations in impacted regions with populations from non-oiled areas as an important source of migrants. Parameters of family structure that had been impacted by the oil spill (number of breeding parents, effective population size, number of family clusters) rebounded to levels similar to or exceeding those in non-oiled control areas.
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15
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Rietl AJ, Sorrentino MG, Roberts BJ. Spatial distribution and morphological responses to predation in the salt marsh periwinkle. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Rietl
- College of William and Mary; Virginia Institute of Marine Science; P.O. Box 1346 Gloucester Point Virginia 23062 USA
| | - Madelyn G. Sorrentino
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Brian J. Roberts
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium; Chauvin Louisiana 70344 USA
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16
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Tarrant AM, Payton SL, Reitzel AM, Porter DT, Jenny MJ. Ultraviolet radiation significantly enhances the molecular response to dispersant and sweet crude oil exposure in Nematostella vectensis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 134:96-108. [PMID: 29336831 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine organisms are subjected to combinations of anthropogenic and natural stressors, which together can reduce an organisms' ability to respond to either stress or can potentiate or synergize the cellular impacts for individual stressors. Nematostella vectensis (starlet sea anemone) is a useful model for investigating novel and evolutionarily conserved cellular and molecular responses to environmental stress. Using RNA-seq, we assessed global changes in gene expression in Nematostella in response to dispersant and/or sweet crude oil exposure alone or combined with ultraviolet radiation (UV). A total of 110 transcripts were differentially expressed by dispersant and/or crude oil exposure, primarily dominated by the down-regulation of 74 unique transcripts in the dispersant treatment. In contrast, UV exposure alone or combined with dispersant and/or oil resulted in the differential expression of 1133 transcripts, of which 436 were shared between all four treatment combinations. Most significant was the differential expression of 531 transcripts unique to one or more of the combined UV/chemical exposures. Main categories of genes affected by one or more of the treatments included enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and transport, DNA repair enzymes, and general stress response genes conserved among vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the most interesting observation was the induction of several transcripts indicating de novo synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids and other novel cellular antioxidants. Together, our data suggest that the toxicity of oil and/or dispersant and the complexity of the molecular response are significantly enhanced by UV exposure, which may co-occur for shallow water species like Nematostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Tarrant
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Samantha L Payton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Adam M Reitzel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Danielle T Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Matthew J Jenny
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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17
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Calotropis gigantea fiber derived carbon fiber enables fast and efficient absorption of oils and organic solvents. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Geary B, Longest SM, Ottewell K, Lantz SM, Walter ST, Karubian J, Leberg PL. Genetic structure of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) in the northern Gulf of Mexico in the context of human management and disturbance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185309. [PMID: 28977003 PMCID: PMC5627915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental disturbances, both natural and anthropogenic, have the capacity to substantially impact animal behavior and abundance, which can in turn influence patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow. However, little empirical information is available on the nature and degree of such changes due to the relative rarity of longitudinal genetic sampling of wild populations at appropriate intervals. Addressing this knowledge gap is therefore of interest to evolutionary biologists, policy makers, and managers. In the past half century, populations of the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) in the southeastern United States have been exposed to regional extirpations, translocations, colony losses, and oil spills, but potential impacts on genetic diversity and population structure remain unknown. To investigate the cumulative impacts of recent disturbances and management actions, we analyzed seven microsatellite loci using genetic samples collected from 540 nestlings across twelve pelican colonies from two time periods, corresponding to before (n = 305) and after (n = 235) the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Pre-2010 populations in Texas were significantly differentiated from Louisiana, Alabama, and Florida populations to the east, with reintroduced populations in southeastern Louisiana having less genetic diversity than sites in Texas, consistent with a recent bottleneck. In contrast, there was no evidence of a geographic component to genetic structure among colonies sampled after the spill, consistent with increased dispersal among sites following the event. This pattern may be associated with reduced philopatry in response to colony abandonment in the areas most heavily impacted by the Deepwater Horizon event, though other factors (e.g., rehabilitation and translocation of oiled birds or colony loss due to erosion and tropical storms) were likely also involved. Future monitoring is necessary to determine if bottlenecks and loss of genetic variation are associated with the oil spill over time, and is recommended for other systems in which disturbance effects may be inferred via repeated genetic sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Geary
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Susan M. Longest
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kym Ottewell
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Samantha M. Lantz
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Scott T. Walter
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jordan Karubian
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Paul L. Leberg
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
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19
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Deis DR, Fleeger JW, Bourgoin SM, Mendelssohn IA, Lin Q, Hou A. Shoreline oiling effects and recovery of salt marsh macroinvertebrates from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3680. [PMID: 28828273 PMCID: PMC5563157 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt marshes in northern Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA were oiled, sometimes heavily, in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Previous studies indicate that fiddler crabs (in the genus Uca) and the salt marsh periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) were negatively impacted in the short term by the spill. Here, we detail longer-term effects and recovery from moderate and heavy oiling over a 3-year span, beginning 30 months after the spill. Although neither fiddler crab burrow density nor diameter differed between oiled and reference sites when combined across all sampling events, these traits differed among some individual sampling periods consistent with a pattern of lingering oiling impacts. Periwinkle density, however, increased in all oiling categories and shell-length groups during our sampling period, and periwinkle densities were consistently highest at moderately oiled sites where Spartina alterniflora aboveground biomass was highest. Periwinkle shell length linearly increased from a mean of 16.5 to 19.2 mm over the study period at reference sites. In contrast, shell lengths at moderately oiled and heavily oiled sites increased through month 48 after the spill, but then decreased. This decrease was associated with a decline in the relative abundance of large adults (shell length 21-26 mm) at oiled sites which was likely caused by chronic hydrocarbon toxicity or oil-induced effects on habitat quality or food resources. Overall, the recovery of S. alterniflora facilitated the recovery of fiddler crabs and periwinkles. However, our long-term record not only indicates that variation in periwinkle mean shell length and length-frequency distributions are sensitive indicators of the health and recovery of the marsh, but agrees with synoptic studies of vegetation and infaunal communities that full recovery of heavily oiled sites will take longer than 66 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Fleeger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Irving A Mendelssohn
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Qianxin Lin
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Aixin Hou
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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20
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Garner TR, Hart MA, Sweet LE, Bagheri HTJ, Morris J, Stoeckel JA, Roberts AP. Effects of Deepwater Horizon Oil on the Movement and Survival of Marsh Periwinkle Snails (Littoraria irrorata). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8757-8762. [PMID: 28661662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill resulted in the release of millions of barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, and some marsh shorelines experienced heavy oiling including vegetation laid over under the weight of oil. Periwinkle snails (Littoraria irrorata) are a critical component of these impacted habitats, and population declines following oil spills, including DWH, have been documented. This study determined the effects of oil on marsh periwinkle movement and survivorship following exposure to oil. Snails were placed in chambers containing either unoiled or oiled laid over vegetation to represent a heavily impacted marsh habitat, with unoiled vertical structure at one end. In the first movement assay, snail movement to standing unoiled vegetation was significantly lower in oiled chambers (oil thickness ≈ 1 cm) compared to unoiled chambers, as the majority (∼75%) of snails in oiled habitats never reached standing unoiled vegetation after 72 h. In a second movement assay, there was no snail movement standing unoiled structure in chambers with oil thicknesses of 0.1 and 0.5 cm, while 73% of snails moved in unoiled chambers after 4h. A toxicity assay was then conducted by exposing snails to oil coated Spartina stems in chambers for periods up to 72 h, and mortality was monitored for 7 days post exposure. Snail survival decreased with increasing exposure time, and significant mortality (∼35%) was observed following an oil exposure of less than 24 h. Here, we have shown that oil impeded snail movement to clean habitat over a short distance and resulted in oil-exposure times that decreased survival. Taken together, along with declines documented by others in field surveys, these results suggest that marsh periwinkle snails may have been adversely affected following exposure to DWH oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ross Garner
- University of North Texas , Department of Biological Sciences & Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Michael A Hart
- Auburn University , School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Lauren E Sweet
- University of North Texas , Department of Biological Sciences & Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Hanna T J Bagheri
- University of North Texas , Department of Biological Sciences & Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Jeff Morris
- Abt Associates , Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States
| | - James A Stoeckel
- Auburn University , School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- University of North Texas , Department of Biological Sciences & Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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21
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Olin JA, Bergeon Burns CM, Woltmann S, Taylor SS, Stouffer PC, Bam W, Hooper-Bui L, Turner RE. Seaside Sparrows reveal contrasting food web responses to large-scale stressors in coastal Louisiana saltmarshes. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Olin
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Christine M. Bergeon Burns
- School of Renewable Natural Resources; Louisiana State University AgCenter; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Stefan Woltmann
- Department of Biology and Center of Excellence for Field Biology; Austin Peay State University; Clarksville Tennessee 37044 USA
| | - Sabrina S. Taylor
- School of Renewable Natural Resources; Louisiana State University AgCenter; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Philip C. Stouffer
- School of Renewable Natural Resources; Louisiana State University AgCenter; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Wokil Bam
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Linda Hooper-Bui
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - R. Eugene Turner
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
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22
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DeMarini DM, Warren SH, Lavrich K, Flen A, Aurell J, Mitchell W, Greenwell D, Preston W, Schmid JE, Linak WP, Hays MD, Samet JM, Gullett BK. Mutagenicity and oxidative damage induced by an organic extract of the particulate emissions from a simulation of the deepwater horizon surface oil burns. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:162-171. [PMID: 28370325 PMCID: PMC6121736 DOI: 10.1002/em.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from oil fires associated with the "Deepwater Horizon" explosion and oil discharge that began on April 20, 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico were analyzed chemically to only a limited extent at the time but were shown to induce oxidative damage in vitro and in mice. To extend this work, we burned oil floating on sea water and performed extensive chemical analyses of the emissions (Gullett et al., Marine Pollut Bull, in press, ). Here, we examine the ability of a dichloromethane extract of the particulate material with an aerodynamic size ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) from those emissions to induce oxidative damage in human lung cells in vitro and mutagenicity in 6 strains of Salmonella. The extract had a percentage of extractable organic material (EOM) of 7.0% and increased expression of the heme oxygenase (HMOX1) gene in BEAS-2B cells after exposure for 4 hr at 20 µg of EOM/ml. However, the extract did not alter mitochondrial respiration rate as measured by extracellular flux analysis. The extract was most mutagenic in TA100 +S9, indicative of a role for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), reflective of the high concentrations of PAHs in the emissions (1 g/kg of oil consumed). The extract had a mutagenicity emission factor of 1.8 ± 0.1 × 105 revertants/megajoulethermal in TA98 +S9, which was greater than that of diesel exhaust and within an order of magnitude of open burning of wood and plastic. Thus, organics from PM2.5 of burning oil can induce oxidative responses in human airway epithelial cells and are highly mutagenic. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:162-171, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. DeMarini
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sarah H. Warren
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Katelyn Lavrich
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexis Flen
- Student Services Contractor, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - William Mitchell
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dale Greenwell
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Judith E. Schmid
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - William P. Linak
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Michael D. Hays
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - James M. Samet
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Brian K. Gullett
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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23
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Hester MW, Willis JM, Rouhani S, Steinhoff MA, Baker MC. Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on the salt marsh vegetation of Louisiana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:361-370. [PMID: 27299994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The coastal wetland vegetation component of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment documented significant injury to the plant production and health of Louisiana salt marshes exposed to oiling. Specifically, marsh sites experiencing trace or greater vertical oiling of plant tissues displayed reductions in cover and peak standing crop relative to reference (no oiling), particularly in the marsh edge zone, for the majority of this four year study. Similarly, elevated chlorosis of plant tissue, as estimated by a vegetation health index, was detected for marsh sites with trace or greater vertical oiling in the first two years of the study. Key environmental factors, such as hydrologic regime, elevation, and soil characteristics, were generally similar across plant oiling classes (including reference), indicating that the observed injury to plant production and health was the result of plant oiling and not potential differences in environmental setting. Although fewer significant impacts to plant production and health were detected in the latter years of the study, this is due in part to decreased sample size occurring as a result of erosion (shoreline retreat) and resultant loss of plots, and should not be misconstrued as indicating full recovery of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Hester
- Institute for Coastal and Water Research, Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Willis
- Institute for Coastal and Water Research, Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | | | - Marla A Steinhoff
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Assessment and Restoration Division, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Mary C Baker
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Assessment and Restoration Division, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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24
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Lin Q, Mendelssohn IA, Graham SA, Hou A, Fleeger JW, Deis DR. Response of salt marshes to oiling from the Deepwater Horizon spill: Implications for plant growth, soil surface-erosion, and shoreline stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:369-77. [PMID: 27016685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the initial impacts and post spill recovery of salt marshes over a 3.5-year period along northern Barataria Bay, LA, USA exposed to varying degrees of Deepwater Horizon oiling to determine the effects on shoreline-stabilizing vegetation and soil processes. In moderately oiled marshes, surface soil total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were ~70mgg(-1) nine months after the spill. Though initial impacts of moderate oiling were evident, Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus aboveground biomass and total live belowground biomass were equivalent to reference marshes within 24-30months post spill. In contrast, heavily oiled marsh plants did not fully recover from oiling with surface soil total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations that exceeded 500mgg(-1) nine months after oiling. Initially, heavy oiling resulted in near complete plant mortality, and subsequent recovery of live aboveground biomass was only 50% of reference marshes 42months after the spill. Heavy oiling also changed the vegetation structure of shoreline marshes from a mixed Spartina-Juncus community to predominantly Spartina; live Spartina aboveground biomass recovered within 2-3years, however, Juncus showed no recovery. In addition, live belowground biomass (0-12cm) in heavily oiled marshes was reduced by 76% three and a half years after the spill. Detrimental effects of heavy oiling on marsh plants also corresponded with significantly lower soil shear strength, lower sedimentation rates, and higher vertical soil-surface erosion rates, thus potentially affecting shoreline salt marsh stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxin Lin
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Irving A Mendelssohn
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sean A Graham
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | - Aixin Hou
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - John W Fleeger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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