1
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Zhao F, Huang Y, Wei H, Wang M. Ocean acidification alleviated nickel toxicity to a marine copepod under multigenerational scenarios but at a cost with a loss of transcriptome plasticity during recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173585. [PMID: 38810735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Marine ecosystem has been experiencing multiple stressors caused by anthropogenic activities, including ocean acidification (OA) and nickel (Ni) pollution. Here, we examined the individual/combined effects of OA (pCO2 1000 μatm) and Ni (6 μg/L) exposure on a marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus for six generations (F1-F6), followed by one-generation recovery (F7) in clean seawater. Ni accumulation and several important phenotypic traits were measured in each generation. To explore within-generation response and transgenerational plasticity, we analyzed the transcriptome profile for the copepods of F6 and F7. The results showed that Ni exposure compromised the development, reproduction and survival of copepods during F1-F6, but its toxicity effects were alleviated by OA. Thus, under OA and Ni combined exposure, due to their antagonistic interaction, the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, and the inhibition of calcium signaling pathway and oxytocin signaling pathway were not found. However, as a cost of acclimatization/adaption potential to long-term OA and Ni combined exposure, there was a loss of transcriptome plasticity during recovery, which limited the resilience of copepods to previously begin environments. Overall, our work fosters a comprehensive understanding of within- and transgenerational effects of climatic stressor and metal pollution on marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fankang Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuehan Huang
- School of International Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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2
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Kim SH, Ki MR, Han Y, Pack SP. Biomineral-Based Composite Materials in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6147. [PMID: 38892335 PMCID: PMC11173312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to address substantial defects by amplifying the body's natural regenerative abilities and preserving the health of tissues and organs. To achieve these goals, materials that can provide the spatial and biological support for cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the micro-environment essential for the intended tissue, are needed. Scaffolds such as polymers and metallic materials provide three-dimensional structures for cells to attach to and grow in defects. These materials have limitations in terms of mechanical properties or biocompatibility. In contrast, biominerals are formed by living organisms through biomineralization, which also includes minerals created by replicating this process. Incorporating biominerals into conventional materials allows for enhanced strength, durability, and biocompatibility. Specifically, biominerals can improve the bond between the implant and tissue by mimicking the micro-environment. This enhances cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, biomineral composites have wound healing and antimicrobial properties, which can aid in wound repair. Additionally, biominerals can be engineered as drug carriers, which can efficiently deliver drugs to their intended targets, minimizing side effects and increasing therapeutic efficacy. This article examines the role of biominerals and their composite materials in regenerative medicine applications and discusses their properties, synthesis methods, and potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (M.-R.K.)
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (M.-R.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Han
- Biological Clock-Based Anti-Aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (M.-R.K.)
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3
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Wang K, Li S, Yang Z, Chen C, Fu Y, Du H, Sun H, Li J, Zhao Q, Du C. L-type lectin receptor-like kinase OsCORK1 as an important negative regulator confers copper stress tolerance in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132214. [PMID: 37544174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is vital for plant growth but becomes toxic in excess, posing potential threats to human health. Although receptor-like kinases (RLKs) have been studied in plant response to abiotic stresses, their roles in Cu stress response remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate Cu toxicity effects on rice and elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms. Specifically, rice lectin-type RLK OsCORK1 (Copper-response receptor-like kinase 1) function in Cu stress response was investigated. RNA sequencing and expression assays revealed that OsCORK1 is mainly expressed in roots and leaves, and its expression was significantly induced by Cu stress time- and dose-dependently. Kinase activity assays demonstrated OsCORK1 as a Mn2+-preferred functional kinase. Genetically, OsCORK1 gene-edited mutants exhibited increased tolerance to Cu stress and reduced Cu accumulation compared to the wild type (WT). Conversely, OsCORK1 overexpression compromised the Cu stress tolerance observed in OsCORK1 gene-edited mutants. OsCORK1 gene-edited mutants slightly damaged the root tips compared to the WT under Cu stress. Furthermore, OsCORK1 was demonstrated to modulate Cu stress tolerance by mainly altering cell wall components, particularly lignin, in rice. Overall, OsCORK1 is an important negative regulator of Cu stress tolerance, providing a potential gene target to reduce Cu pollution in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Post-doctoral station in Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shen Li
- Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Post-doctoral station in Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhaoyan Yang
- Office of Information Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Post-doctoral station in Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yihan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Post-doctoral station in Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Haitao Du
- Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Post-doctoral station in Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Post-doctoral station in Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junzhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Post-doctoral station in Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Post-doctoral station in Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Rice Industrial Technology Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changqing Du
- Key Laboratory of Henan Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Post-doctoral station in Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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4
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Liu H, Liu C, Huang J. Characterization of the shell proteins in two freshwater snails Pomacea canaliculata and Cipangopaludina chinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124524. [PMID: 37100317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering the molecular mechanism of shell formation not only reveals the evolution of molluscs but also lay a foundation for shell-inspired biomaterial synthesis. Shell proteins are the key macromolecules of the organic matrices that guide the calcium carbonate deposition during shell mineralization and have thus been intensively studied. However, previous studies on shell biomineralization have mainly focused on marine species. In this study, we compared the microstructure and shell proteins in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata which is an alien species that has invaded Asia, and a freshwater snail Cipangopaludina chinensis which is native to China. The results showed that although the shell microstructures were similar in these two snails, the shell matrix in C. chinensis contained more polysaccharides. Moreover, the compositions of shell proteins were quite different. While the shared 12 shell proteins (including PcSP6/CcSP9, Calmodulin-A, and proline-rich protein) were supposed to play key roles in shell formation, the differential proteins were mainly immune components. The presence of chitin in both shell matrices and the chitin-binding domains containing PcSP6/CcSP9 underpinned the relevance of chitin as a major fraction in gastropods. Interestingly, carbonic anhydrase was absent in both snail shells, suggesting that freshwater Gastropods might have unique pathways to regulate the calcification process. Our study suggested that shell mineralization might be very different in freshwater and marine molluscs, and therefore, the field should pay more attention to the freshwater species to achieve a more comprehensive insight into biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Jingliang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
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Li C, Wang Y, Wei M, Wang X. The involvement of a novel calmodulin-like protein isoform from oyster Crassostrea gigas in transcription factor regulation provides new insight into acclimation to ocean acidification. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106423. [PMID: 36822075 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms need to adapt to improve organismal fitness under ocean acidification (OA). Recent studies have shown that marine calcifiers can achieve acclimation by stimulating calcium binding/signaling pathways. Here, a CaM-like gene (CgCaLP-2) from oyster Crassostrea gigas which typically responded to long-term CO2 exposure (two months) rather than short-term exposure (one week) was characterized. The cloned cDNA was 678 bp and was shorter than the retrieved sequence from NCBI (1125 bp). The two sequences, designated as CgCaLP-2-v1 and CgCaLP-2-v2, were demonstrated to be different splice variants by the genome sequence analysis. Western blotting analysis revealed two bands of 23 kD and 43 kD in mantle and hemocytes, corresponding to predicted molecular weight of CgCaLP-2-v1 and CgCaLP-2-v2, respectively. The isoform CgCaLP-2-v1 (the 23 kD band) was highly stimulated in response to long-term CO2 exposure (42-day and 56-day treatment) in hemocytes and mantle tissue. The fluorescence signal of CgCaLP-2 in mantle and hemocytes became more intensive after long-term CO2 exposure. Besides, in hemocytes, CgCaLP-2 presented a higher localization on the nuclear membrane after long-term CO2 exposure (56 d). The target gene network of CgCaLP-2 was predicted, and a transcription factor (TF) gene annotated as Homeobox protein SIX4 (CgSIX4) showed a similar expressive trend to CgCaLP-2 during CO2 exposure. Suppression of CgCaLP-2 via RNA interference significantly reduced the mRNA expression of CgSIX4. The results suggested that CgCaLP-2 might mediate the Ca2+-CaLP-TF signal transduction pathway under long-term CO2 exposure. This study serves as an example to reveal that alternative splicing is an important mechanism for generation multiple protein isoforms and thus shape the plastic responses under CO2 exposure, providing new insight into the potential acclimation ability of marine calcifiers to future OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Manman Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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6
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Direct control of shell regeneration by the mantle tissue in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107956. [PMID: 36934975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Molluscs rapidly repair the damaged shells to prevent further injury, which is vital for their survival after physical or biological aggression. However, it remains unclear how this process is precisely controlled. In this study, we applied scanning electronic microscopy and histochemical analysis to examine the detailed shell regeneration process in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. It was found that the shell damage caused the mantle tissue to retract, which resulted in relocation of the partitioned mantle zones with respect to their correspondingly secreting shell layers. As a result, the relocated mantle tissue dramatically altered the shell morphology by initiating de novo precipitation of prismatic layers on the former nacreous layers, leading to the formation of sandwich-like "prism-nacre-prism-nacre" structure. Real-time PCR revealed the up-regulation of the shell matrix protein genes, which was confirmed by the thermal gravimetric analysis of the newly formed shell. The increased matrix secretion might have led to the change of CaCO3 precipitation dynamics which altered the mineral morphology and promoted shell formation. Taken together, our study revealed the close relationship between the physiological activities of the mantle tissue and the morphological change of the regenerated shells.
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7
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Qiao K, Wang Q, Liu X, Gong S, Wang J. Cadmium/lead tolerance of six Dianthus species and detoxification mechanism in Dianthus spiculifolius. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137258. [PMID: 36402351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metal contaminants seriously affect plant growth and human health. Reducing the accumulation of toxic metals by phytoremediation is an effective way to solve this environmental problem. Dianthus spiculifolius Schur is an ornamental plant with strong cold and drought tolerance. Because of its fast growth, well-developed root system, and large accumulation of biomass, D. spiculifolius has potential applications as a heavy metal hyperaccumulator. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluate the ability of D. spiculifolius and other Dianthus species to remediate heavy metals, with an ultimate goal to identify available genetic resources for toxic metal removal. The cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) tolerance and accumulation of six Dianthus species were analyzed comparatively in physiological and biochemical experiments. Compared with the other Dianthus species, D. spiculifolius showed higher tolerance to, and greater accumulation of, Cd and Pb. Second-generation transcriptome analysis indicated that glutathione transferase activity was increased and the glutathione metabolism pathway was enriched with genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (DsGST, DsGST3, DsGSTU10, DsGGCT2-1, and DsIDH-2) that were up-regulated under Cd/Pb treatment by RT-qPCR in D. spiculifolius. When expressed in yeast, DsGST, DsGST3, DsGSTU10 and DsIDH-2 enhanced Cd or Pb tolerance. These results indicate that D. spiculifolius has potential applications as a new ornamental hyperaccumulator plant, and that antioxidant enzymes might be involved in regulating Cd/Pb accumulation and detoxification. The findings of this study reveal some novel genetic resources that can be used to breed new plant varieties that tolerate and accumulate heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shufang Gong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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8
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The combined effects of temperature and salinity on the digestion and respiration metabolism of Pinctada fucata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21644. [PMID: 36517536 PMCID: PMC9751112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined effects of temperature and salinity on the digestion and respiration metabolism of Pinctada fucata were evaluated via response surface methodology and box-benhnken design under laboratory condition. Results indicated that the primary and secondary effects of salinity and temperature had significant effects on amylase (AMS) of P. fucata (P < 0.05)., The digestive enzyme reached the maximum activity when temperature was 26 °C. The AMS and trypsin (TRYP) increased at first, and then decreased with increasing temperature. The Lipase (LPS) was positively correlated with either salinity or temperature. Salinity had no significant effect on TRYP as a primary effect (P > 0.05), but had a significant effect on TRYP as a secondary effect (P < 0.01). These effects were completely opposite to the effect of temperature on pepsin (PEP) as primary and secondary effects. The combined effects of salinity and temperature on AMS, TRYP and PEP were significant (P < 0.01), but had no significant effect on LPS (P > 0.05). The primary, secondary and interaction effects of salinity had significant effects on NKA (Na+-K+-ATPase) of P. fucata (P < 0.05), and NKA presented a U-shaped distribution with increasing salinity. The quadratic and interactive effects of temperature had a significant effect on AKP (P < 0.05), and AKP showed a U-shaped distribution with increasing temperature. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity decreased at first, and then increased when temperature and salinity changed from 20 to 30 °C and 23-33 ‰, respectively. The expression of GPX gene affected by temperature in gills may be delayed compared with that in hepatopancreas, and its expression is tissue-specific. The appropriate digestion and respiratory metabolism index models were established under the combined temperature and salinity conditions. The optimization results showed that the optimal combination of temperature and salinity was 26.288 °C/28.272‰. The desirability was 0.832. Results from the present study will provide a theoretical reference for shellfish culture affected by environmental interactions and the establishment of related index models.
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Sui Y, Zhang T, Yao X, Yan M, Yang L, Mohsen M, Nguyen H, Zhang S, Jiang H, Lv L, Zheng L. Synthesized effects of medium-term exposure to seawater acidification and microplastics on the physiology and energy budget of the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119598. [PMID: 35718043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) and microplastics (MPs) contamination are two results of human excises. In regions like estuarine areas, OA and MPs exposure are happening at the same time. The current research investigated the synthesized effects of OA and MPs exposure for a medium-term duration on the physiology and energy budget of the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. Mussels were treated by six combinations of three MPs levels (0, 10 and 1000 items L-1) × two pH levels (7.3, 8.1) for 21 d. As a result, under pH 7.3, clearance rate (CR), food absorption efficiency (AE), respiration rate (RR), and scope for growth (SFG) significantly decreased, while the fecal organic dry weight ratio (E) significantly increased. 1000 items L-1 MPs led to decrease of CR, E, SFG and increase of AE under pH 8.1. Interactive effects from combination of pH and MPs were found in terms of CR, AE, E and RR, but not for SFG of M. coruscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Sui
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China; East China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xinyun Yao
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- East China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohamed Mohsen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haidang Nguyen
- Research Institute for Aquaculture, No.1, Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, 16352, Viet Nam
| | - Shengmao Zhang
- East China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hucheng Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlan Lv
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- East China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Wang X, Li C, Lv Z, Zhang Z, Qiu L. A calcification-related calmodulin-like protein in the oyster Crassostrea gigas mediates the enhanced calcium deposition induced by CO 2 exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155114. [PMID: 35413345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium transportation and homeostasis are essential for marine bivalves to maintain basic metabolism and build their shells. Calmodulin-like proteins (CaLPs) are important calcium sensors and buffers and can respond to ocean acidification (OA) in marine calcifiers. However, no further study of their physiological function in calcium metabolism under elevated CO2 has been performed. Here, we identified a novel CaLP (designated CgCaLP) in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and demonstrated its participation in the calcification process: the mRNA expression level of CgCaLP peaked at the trochophore larval stage and remained high at stages when shells were shaped; the mRNA and protein of CgCaLP were more highly expressed in mantle tissue than in other tissues. Under elevated CO2 levels, the protein expression level of CgCaLP in hemocytes increased, while in contrast, significantly decreased protein levels were detected in gill and mantle tissues. Shell dissolution caused the imbalance of calcium in hemocytes and decreased calcium absorption and transportation demand in gill and mantle tissues, inducing the molecular function allocation of CgCaLP under CO2 exposure. Despite the decreased protein level in mantle tissue, CgCaLP was found to translocate to outer mantle epithelium (OME) cells where condensed calcium-rich deposits (CRDs) were detected. We further demonstrated that CgCaLP mRNA and protein expression levels could respond to seawater Ca2+ availability, suggesting that the calcium deposition capacity of oysters might be enhanced to fight against shell dissolution problems and that CgCaLP might serve as an essential participator of the process. In summary, CgCaLP might enhance calcium deposition under CO2 exposure and thus play a significant and flexible molecular function involved in a compensation strategy of oysters to fight against the acidified ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Changmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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11
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Gurr SJ, Trigg SA, Vadopalas B, Roberts SB, Putnam HM. Acclimatory gene expression of primed clams enhances robustness to elevated pCO 2. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5005-5023. [PMID: 35947503 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sub-lethal exposure to environmental challenges may enhance ability to cope with chronic or repeated change, a process known as priming. In a previous study, pre-exposure to seawater enriched with pCO2 improved growth and reduced antioxidant capacity of juvenile Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa, suggesting that transcriptional shifts may drive phenotypic modifications post-priming. To this end, juvenile clams were sampled and TagSeq gene expression data analyzed after 1) a 110-day acclimation under ambient (921 μatm, naïve) and moderately-elevated pCO2 (2870 μatm, pre-exposed); then following 2) a second 7-day exposure to three pCO2 treatments (ambient: 754 μatm; moderately-elevated: 2750 μatm; severely-elevated: 4940 μatm), a 7-day return to ambient pCO2 , and a third 7-day exposure to two pCO2 treatments (ambient: 967 μatm; moderately-elevated: 3030 μatm). Pre-exposed geoducks frontloaded genes for stress and apoptosis/innate immune response, homeostatic processes, protein degradation, and transcriptional modifiers. Pre-exposed geoducks were also responsive to subsequent encounters, with gene sets enriched for mitochondrial recycling and immune defense under elevated pCO2 and energy metabolism and biosynthesis under ambient recovery. In contrast, gene sets with higher expression in naïve clams were enriched for fatty-acid degradation and glutathione components, suggesting naïve clams could be depleting endogenous fuels, with unsustainable energetic requirements if changes in carbonate chemistry persist. Collectively, our transcriptomic data indicates pCO2 priming during post-larval periods could, via gene expression regulation, enhance robustness in bivalves to environmental change. Such priming approaches may be beneficial for aquaculture, as seafood demand intensifies concurrent with increasing climate change in marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Gurr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Shelly A Trigg
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Steven B Roberts
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hollie M Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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12
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Zheng H, Tan K, Zhang H, Ma H, Li S, Zheng H. Intraspecific hybridization as a mitigation strategy of ocean acidification in marine bivalve noble scallop Chlamys nobilis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154736. [PMID: 35351507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The driving factors of climate change, especially ocean acidification (OA), have many detrimental impacts on marine bivalves. Hybridization is one of the important methods to improve environmental tolerance of animals and plants. In this study, we explored the feasibility of intraspecific hybridization as an OA mitigation strategy in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis (ecologically and economically important bivalve species). The results of this study revealed that exposure of C. nobilis to OA condition significantly reduced the hatching rate, survival rate, growth rate (shell height, shell length, shell width and shell weight), and total carotenoid content (TCC), as well as increased the deformity rate of C. nobilis larvae. Interestingly, under both ambient water and OA condition, the intraspecific hybridization of C. nobilis exhibited heterosis in terms of hatching rate, survival rate and growth rate (excepted for growth in shell length under OA). Transcriptome sequencing of C. nobilis (inbreed and hybrid under ambient and OA conditions) identified four main differentially expressed genes involved in signal transduction, biological process maintenances, nucleic acid binding and post-translational modification. In addition, the expression of these four genes in hybrid C. nobilis was significantly higher than that in inbreed C. nobilis. In conclusion, hybrid C. nobilis showed heterosis in growth rate and survival rate under both ambient water and acidified seawater condition, which may be the result of enhanced expression of genes related to signal transduction, DNA replication and post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture Engineering Technology of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture Engineering Technology of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture Engineering Technology of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture Engineering Technology of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture Engineering Technology of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture Engineering Technology of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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13
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Wei J, Liao S, Li M, Zhu B, Wang H, Gu L, Yin H, Du X. AetSRG1 contributes to the inhibition of wheat Cd accumulation by stabilizing phenylalanine ammonia lyase. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128226. [PMID: 35032956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that poses a serious threat to crop safety, productivity, and human health. Aegilops tauschii is the D genome donor of common wheat and shows abundant genetic variation. However, the tolerance of Ae. tauschii toward Cd at the molecular level is poorly understood. In this study, key factors involved in the Cd stress response of Ae. tauschii were investigated by RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under Cd stress were identified in Ae. tauschii roots and shoots. A Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (designated as AetSRG1), with an unknown function in Cd stress, was of particular interest. The open reading frame of AetSRG1 was cloned and overexpressed in wheat, which resulted in reduced Cd accumulation along with a lower Cd2+ flux, decreased electrolyte leakage, and higher reactive oxygen species production. The protein of AetSRG1 interacted with phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Finally, we found that AetSRG1 stabilizes PAL and promotes the synthesis of endogenous salicylic acid. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of Ae. tauschii toward Cd stress. The key genes identified in this work serve as potential targets for developing low cadmium wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialian Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Sisi Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Muzi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Huayan Yin
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xuye Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
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14
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Tang Y, Du X, Sun S, Shi W, Han Y, Zhou W, Zhang J, Teng S, Ren P, Liu G. Circadian Rhythm and Neurotransmitters Are Potential Pathways through Which Ocean Acidification and Warming Affect the Metabolism of Thick-Shell Mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4324-4335. [PMID: 35293730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on marine organisms have been increasingly documented, little is known about the affecting mechanism underpinning their interactive impacts on physiological processes such as metabolism. Therefore, the effects of these two stressors on metabolism were investigated in thick-shell mussel Mytilus coruscus in this study. In addition, because metabolism is primarily regulated by circadian rhythm and neurotransmitters, the impacts of acidification and warming on these two regulatory processes were also analyzed. The data obtained demonstrated that the metabolism of mussels (indicated by the clearance rate, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, O:N ratio, ATP content, activity of pyruvate kinase, and expression of metabolism-related genes) were significantly affected by acidification and warming, resulting in a shortage of energy supply (indicated by the in vivo content of ATP). In addition, exposure to acidification and warming led to evident disruption in circadian rhythm (indicated by the heartrate and the expression rhythm of Per2, Cry, and BMAL1) and neurotransmitters (indicated by the activity of acetyl cholinesterase and in vivo contents of ACh, GABA, and DA). These findings suggest that circadian rhythms and neurotransmitters might be potential routes through which acidification and warming interactively affect the metabolism of mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jiongming Zhang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, P.R. China
| | | | - Peng Ren
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, P.R. China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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15
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Li J, Zhou Y, Qin Y, Wei J, Shigong P, Ma H, Li Y, Yuan X, Zhao L, Yan H, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Assessment of the juvenile vulnerability of symbiont-bearing giant clams to ocean acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152265. [PMID: 34902424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) severely affects marine bivalves, especially their calcification processes. However, very little is known about the fate of symbiont-bearing giant clams in the acidified oceans, which hinders our ability to develop strategies to protect this ecologically and economically important group in coral reef ecosystems. Here, we explored the integrated juvenile responses of fluted giant clam Tridacna squamosa (Lamarck, 1819) to acidified seawater at different levels of biological organization. Our results revealed that OA did not cause a significant reduction in survival and shell growth performance, indicating that T. squamosa juveniles are tolerated to moderate acidification. Yet, significantly reduced net calcification rate demonstrated the calcifying physiology sensitivity to OA, in line with significant declines in symbiont photosynthetic yield and zooxanthellae density which in turn lowered the amount of energy supply for energetically expensive calcification processes. Subsequent transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that the regulation of calcification processes, such as transport of calcification substrates, acid-base regulation, synthesis of organic matrix in the calcifying fluid, as well as metabolic depression were the major response to OA. Taken together, the integration of physiological and molecular responses can provide a comprehensive understanding of how the early life history stages of giant clams respond to OA and make an important leap forward in assessing their fate under future ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yinyin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yanpin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Jinkuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Pengyang Shigong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiangcheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
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16
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Hall MR, Gracey AY. Single-Larva RNA Sequencing Identifies Markers of Copper Toxicity and Exposure in Early Mytilus californianus Larvae. Front Physiol 2021; 12:647482. [PMID: 34955868 PMCID: PMC8696127 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.647482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges facing efforts to generate molecular biomarkers for toxins is distinguishing between markers that are indicative of exposure and markers that provide evidence of the effects of toxicity. Phenotypic anchoring provides an approach to help segregate markers into these categories based on some phenotypic index of toxicity. Here we leveraged the mussel embryo-larval toxicity assay in which toxicity is estimated by the fraction of larvae that exhibit an abnormal morphology, to isolate subsets of larvae that were abnormal and thus showed evidence of copper-toxicity, versus others that while exposed to copper exhibited normal morphology. Mussel larvae reared under control conditions or in the presence of increasing levels of copper (3-15 μg/L Cu2+) were physically sorted according to whether their morphology was normal or abnormal, and then profiled using RNAseq. Supervised differential expression analysis identified sets of genes whose differential expression was specific to the pools of abnormal larvae versus normal larvae, providing putative markers of copper toxicity versus exposure. Markers of copper exposure and copper-induced abnormality were involved in many of the same pathways, including development, shell formation, cell adhesion, and oxidative stress, yet unique markers were detected in each gene set. Markers of effect appeared to be more resolving between phenotypes at the lower copper concentration, while markers of exposure were informative at both copper concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Y Gracey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24201. [PMID: 34921187 PMCID: PMC8683433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure to environmental variations in pH and temperature has proven impacts on benthic ectotherms calcifiers, as evidenced by tradeoffs between physiological processes. However, how these stressors affect structure and functionality of mollusk shells has received less attention. Episodic events of upwelling of deep cold and low pH waters are well documented in eastern boundary systems and may be stressful to mollusks, impairing both physiological and biomechanical performance. These events are projected to become more intense, and extensive in time with ongoing global warming. In this study, we evaluate the independent and interactive effects of temperature and pH on the biomineral and biomechanical properties of Argopecten purpuratus scallop shells. Total organic matter in the shell mineral increased under reduced pH (~ 7.7) and control conditions (pH ~ 8.0). The periostracum layer coating the outer shell surface showed increased protein content under low pH conditions but decreasing sulfate and polysaccharides content. Reduced pH negatively impacts shell density and increases the disorder in the orientation of calcite crystals. At elevated temperatures (18 °C), shell microhardness increased. Other biomechanical properties were not affected by pH/temperature treatments. Thus, under a reduction of 0.3 pH units and low temperature, the response of A. purpuratus was a tradeoff among organic compounds (biopolymer plasticity), density, and crystal organization (mineral plasticity) to maintain shell biomechanical performance, while increased temperature ameliorated the impacts on shell hardness. Biopolymer plasticity was associated with ecophysiological performance, indicating that, under the influence of natural fluctuations in pH and temperature, energetic constraints might be critical in modulating the long-term sustainability of this compensatory mechanism.
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18
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Reyes-Giler CL, Benson BE, Levy M, Chen X, Pires A, Pechenik JA, Davies SW. The Marine Gastropod Crepidula fornicata Remains Resilient to Ocean Acidification Across Two Life History Stages. Front Physiol 2021; 12:702864. [PMID: 34512378 PMCID: PMC8424201 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces seawater pH causing ocean acidification (OA). Understanding how resilient marine organisms respond to OA may help predict how community dynamics will shift as CO2 continues rising. The common slipper shell snail Crepidula fornicata is a marine gastropod native to eastern North America that has been a successful invader along the western European coastline and elsewhere. It has also been previously shown to be resilient to global change stressors. To examine the mechanisms underlying C. fornicata’s resilience to OA, we conducted two controlled laboratory experiments. First, we examined several phenotypes and genome-wide gene expression of C. fornicata in response to pH treatments (7.5, 7.6, and 8.0) throughout the larval stage and then tested how conditions experienced as larvae influenced juvenile stages (i.e., carry-over effects). Second, we examined genome-wide gene expression patterns of C. fornicata larvae in response to acute (4, 10, 24, and 48 h) pH treatment (7.5 and 8.0). Both C. fornicata larvae and juveniles exhibited resilience to OA and their gene expression responses highlight the role of transcriptome plasticity in this resilience. Larvae did not exhibit reduced growth under OA until they were at least 8 days old. These phenotypic effects were preceded by broad transcriptomic changes, which likely served as an acclimation mechanism for combating reduced pH conditions frequently experienced in littoral zones. Larvae reared in reduced pH conditions also took longer to become competent to metamorphose. In addition, while juvenile sizes at metamorphosis reflected larval rearing pH conditions, no carry-over effects on juvenile growth rates were observed. Transcriptomic analyses suggest increased metabolism under OA, which may indicate compensation in reduced pH environments. Transcriptomic analyses through time suggest that these energetic burdens experienced under OA eventually dissipate, allowing C. fornicata to reduce metabolic demands and acclimate to reduced pH. Carry-over effects from larval OA conditions were observed in juveniles; however, these effects were larger for more severe OA conditions and larvae reared in those conditions also demonstrated less transcriptome elasticity. This study highlights the importance of assessing the effects of OA across life history stages and demonstrates how transcriptomic plasticity may allow highly resilient organisms, like C. fornicata, to acclimate to reduced pH environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brooke E Benson
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Morgan Levy
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Xuqing Chen
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anthony Pires
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, United States
| | - Jan A Pechenik
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Sarah W Davies
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Chandra Rajan K, Meng Y, Yu Z, Roberts SB, Vengatesen T. Oyster biomineralization under ocean acidification: From genes to shell. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3779-3797. [PMID: 33964098 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is one of the key processes that is notably affected in marine calcifiers such as oysters under ocean acidification (OA). Understanding molecular changes in the biomineralization process under OA and its heritability, therefore, is key to developing conservation strategies for protecting ecologically and economically important oyster species. To do this, in this study, we have explicitly chosen the tissue involved in biomineralization (mantle) of an estuarine commercial oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis. The primary aim of this study is to understand the influence of DNA methylation over gene expression of mantle tissue under decreased ~pH 7.4, a proxy of OA, and to extrapolate if these molecular changes can be observed in the product of biomineralization-the shell. We grew early juvenile C. hongkongensis, under decreased ~pH 7.4 and control ~pH 8.0 over 4.5 months and studied OA-induced DNA methylation and gene expression patterns along with shell properties such as microstructure, crystal orientation and hardness. The population of oysters used in this study was found to be moderately resilient to OA at the end of the experiment. The expression of key biomineralization-related genes such as carbonic anhydrase and alkaline phosphatase remained unaffected; thus, the mechanical properties of the shell (shell growth rate, hardness and crystal orientation) were also maintained without any significant difference between control and OA conditions with signs of severe dissolution. In addition, this study makes three major conclusions: (1) higher expression of Ca2+ binding/signalling-related genes in the mantle plays a key role in maintaining biomineralization under OA; (2) DNA methylation changes occur in response to OA; however, these methylation changes do not directly control gene expression; and (3) OA would be more of a 'dissolution problem' rather than a 'biomineralization problem' for resilient species that maintain calcification rate with normal shell growth and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Chandra Rajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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20
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Liu C, Zhang R. Identification of novel adhesive proteins in pearl oyster by proteomic and bioinformatic analysis. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:299-308. [PMID: 33761798 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1901890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Byssuses, which are proteinaceous fibers secreted by mollusks, are remarkable underwater adhesives. Although mussel adhesives are well known, much less is known about the byssal proteins of pearl oysters especially in the adhesive regions. In this study, adhesive proteins from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata were studied in depth by transcriptomics and proteomics approaches. In total, 16 novel proteins were identified including a von Willebrand factor type A domain-containing protein, a thrombospondin-1-like protein, tyrosinase, mucin-like proteins, protease inhibitors, and Pinctada unannotated foot protein 3 (PUF3) to PUF6. Interestingly, PUF3-6 are enriched with glycine, serine, and PXG (X = F/Y/W/K/L) motifs and are highly expressed in the foot. The identification of byssal proteins of the pearl oyster is a key step for understanding byssus formation and may inspire the synthesis of novel adhesives for underwater use and the development of anti-biofouling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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21
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Lim YK, Cheung K, Dang X, Roberts SB, Wang X, Thiyagarajan V. DNA methylation changes in response to ocean acidification at the time of larval metamorphosis in the edible oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105217. [PMID: 33276167 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented rate of increased CO2 level in the ocean and the subsequent changes in carbonate system including decreased pH, known as ocean acidification (OA), is predicted to disrupt not only the calcification process but also several other physiological and developmental processes in a variety of marine organisms, including edible oysters. Nonetheless, not all species are vulnerable to those OA threats, e.g. some species may be able to cope with OA stress using environmentally induced modifications on gene and protein expressions. For example, external environmental stressors including OA can influence the addition and removal of methyl groups through epigenetic modification (e.g. DNA methylation) process to turn gene expression "on or off" as part of a rapid adaptive mechanism to cope with OA. In this study, we tested the above hypothesis through testing the effect of OA, using decreased pH 7.4 as proxy, on DNA methylation pattern of an endemic and a commercially important estuary oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis at the time of larval habitat selection and metamorphosis. Larval growth rate did not differ between control pH 8.1 and treatment pH 7.4. The metamorphosis rate of the pediveliger larvae was higher at pH 7.4 than those in control pH 8.1, however over one-third of the larvae raised at pH 7.4 failed to attach on optimal substrate as defined by biofilm presence. During larval development, a total of 130 genes were differentially methylated across the two treatments. The differential methylation in the larval genes may have partially accounted for the higher metamorphosis success rate under decreased pH 7.4 but with poor substratum selection ability. Differentially methylated loci were concentrated in the exon regions and appear to be associated with cytoskeletal and signal transduction, oxidative stress, metabolic processes, and larval metamorphosis, which implies the high potential of C. hongkongensis larvae to acclimate and adapt through non-genetic ways to OA threats within a single generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kian Lim
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Khan Cheung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xin Dang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122, NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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22
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Lim YK, Cheung K, Dang X, Roberts SB, Wang X, Thiyagarajan V. DNA methylation changes in response to ocean acidification at the time of larval metamorphosis in the edible oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105214. [PMID: 33221553 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented rate of increased CO2 level in the ocean and the subsequent changes in carbonate system including decreased pH, known as ocean acidification (OA), is predicted to disrupt not only the calcification process but also several other physiological and developmental processes in a variety of marine organisms, including edible oysters. Nonetheless, not all species are vulnerable to those OA threats, e.g. some species may be able to cope with OA stress using environmentally induced modifications on gene and protein expressions. For example, external environmental stressors including OA can influence the addition and removal of methyl groups through epigenetic modification (e.g. DNA methylation) process to turn gene expression "on or off" as part of a rapid adaptive mechanism to cope with OA. In this study, we tested the above hypothesis through testing the effect of OA, using decreased pH 7.4 as proxy, on DNA methylation pattern of an endemic and a commercially important estuary oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis at the time of larval habitat selection and metamorphosis. Larval growth rate did not differ between control pH 8.1 and treatment pH 7.4. The metamorphosis rate of the pediveliger larvae was higher at pH 7.4 than those in control pH 8.1, however over one-third of the larvae raised at pH 7.4 failed to attach on optimal substrate as defined by biofilm presence. During larval development, a total of 130 genes were differentially methylated across the two treatments. The differential methylation in the larval genes may have partially accounted for the higher metamorphosis success rate under decreased pH 7.4 but with poor substratum selection ability. Differentially methylated loci were concentrated in the exon regions and appear to be associated with cytoskeletal and signal transduction, oxidative stress, metabolic processes, and larval metamorphosis, which implies the high potential of C. hongkongensis larvae to acclimate and adapt through non-genetic ways to OA threats within a single generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kian Lim
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Khan Cheung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xin Dang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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23
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Zheng X, Lei S, Zhao S, Ye G, Ma R, Liu L, Xie Y, Shi X, Chen J. Temperature elevation and acidification damage microstructure of abalone via expression change of crystal induction genes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105114. [PMID: 32892151 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification caused by global climate change interferes with the shell growth of mollusks. In abalone Haliotis discus hannai, the microstructural changes in the shell under stress are unclear, and the effect of thermal stress on biomineralization is unknown. The lack of gene information has also hampered the study of abalone biomineralization mechanisms. In this study, the microstructure of reconstructed shell in H. discus hannai was observed to determine the effects of thermal and acidification stress on shell growth. Three nacre protein genes, Hdh-AP7, Hdh-AP24, and Hdh-perlustrin, were characterized, and their expression pattern during shell repair was measured under thermal and acidification stress and compared with those of two known biomineralization-related genes, Hdh-AP-1 and Hdh-defensin. The stress resulted in aragonite plates with corroded or irregular microstructures. The gene expression of two nacre proteins (Hdh-AP7 and Hdh-AP24), which directly induce crystal formation, were more sensitive to thermal stress than to acidification, but the expression of the regulatory nacre protein (Hdh-perlustrin) and the two known genes (Hdh-AP-1 and Hdh-defensin), which are also related to immunity, showed an interlinked, complex pattern change. We concluded that high temperature and acidification damages the shell microstructure by disturbing the expression pattern of biomineralization-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Zheng
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Shanshan Lei
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Shuxian Zhao
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ganping Ye
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ruijuan Ma
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Youping Xie
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xinguo Shi
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Wang X, Wang M, Wang W, Liu Z, Xu J, Jia Z, Chen H, Qiu L, Lv Z, Wang L, Song L. Transcriptional changes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveal essential role of calcium signal pathway in response to CO 2-driven acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140177. [PMID: 32570066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that ocean acidification (OA) has a significant impact on marine organisms. However, the ability of most marine organisms to acclimate to OA and the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. In the present study, whole transcriptome analysis was performed to compare the impacts of short- (7 days, named as short group) and long- (60 days, named as long group) term CO2 exposure (pH 7.50) on Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The responses of C. gigas to short- and long-term CO2 exposure shared common mechanisms in metabolism, membrane-associated transportation and binding processes. Long-term CO2 exposure induced significant expression of genes involved in DNA or RNA binding, indicating the activated transcription after long-term CO2 exposure. Oysters in the short-term group underwent significant intracellular calcium variation and oxidative stress. In contrast, the intracellular calcium, ROS level in hemocytes and H2O2 in serum recovered to normal levels after long-term CO2 exposure, suggesting the compensation of physiological status and mutual interplay between calcium and oxidative level. The compensation was supported by the up-regulation of a series of calcium binding proteins (CBPs) and calmodulins (CaMs) related signal pathway. The results provided valuable information to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the responses of Pacific oyster to the acidified ocean and might have implications for predicting the possible effects of global climate changes on oyster aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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25
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Hu MY, Petersen I, Chang WW, Blurton C, Stumpp M. Cellular bicarbonate accumulation and vesicular proton transport promote calcification in the sea urchin larva. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201506. [PMID: 32900308 PMCID: PMC7542784 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea urchin embryo develops a calcitic endoskeleton through intracellular formation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). Intracellular precipitation of ACC, requires [Formula: see text] concentrating as well as proton export mechanisms to promote calcification. These processes are of fundamental importance in biological mineralization, but remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the calcifying primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) use Na+/H+-exchange (NHE) mechanisms to control cellular pH homeostasis during maintenance of the skeleton. During skeleton re-calcification, pHi of PMCs is increased accompanied by substantial elevation in intracellular [Formula: see text] mediated by the [Formula: see text] cotransporter Sp_Slc4a10. However, PMCs lower their pHi regulatory capacities associated with a reduction in NHE activity. Live-cell imaging using green fluorescent protein reporter constructs in combination with intravesicular pH measurements demonstrated alkaline and acidic populations of vesicles in PMCs and extensive trafficking of large V-type H+-ATPase (VHA)-rich acidic vesicles in blastocoelar filopodial cells. Pharmacological and gene expression analyses underline a central role of the VHA isoforms Sp_ATP6V0a1, Sp_ATP6V01_1 and Sp_ATPa1-4 for the process of skeleton re-calcification. These results highlight novel pH regulatory strategies in calcifying cells of a marine species with important implications for our understanding of the mineralization process in times of rapid changes in oceanic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Y. Hu
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewaldstraße 5, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Petersen
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewaldstraße 5, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - William Weijen Chang
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewaldstraße 5, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Blurton
- Institute of Immunobiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Stumpp
- Institute of Immunobiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Intracellular pH regulation in mantle epithelial cells of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:691-700. [PMID: 32816118 PMCID: PMC7520413 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Shell formation and repair occurs under the control of mantle epithelial cells in bivalve molluscs. However, limited information is available on the precise acid–base regulatory machinery present within these cells, which are fundamental to calcification. Here, we isolate mantle epithelial cells from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas and utilise live cell imaging in combination with the fluorescent dye, BCECF-AM to study intracellular pH (pHi) regulation. To elucidate the involvement of various ion transport mechanisms, modified seawater solutions (low sodium, low bicarbonate) and specific inhibitors for acid–base proteins were used. Diminished pH recovery in the absence of Na+ and under inhibition of sodium/hydrogen exchangers (NHEs) implicate the involvement of a sodium dependent cellular proton extrusion mechanism. In addition, pH recovery was reduced under inhibition of carbonic anhydrases. These data provide the foundation for a better understanding of acid–base regulation underlying the physiology of calcification in bivalves.
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Shang Y, Wang X, Deng Y, Wang S, Gu H, Wang T, Xu G, Kong H, Feng Y, Hu M, Wang Y. Diel-cycling seawater acidification and hypoxia impair the physiological and growth performance of marine mussels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:138001. [PMID: 32208290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and hypoxia are concurrent in some coastal waters due to anthropogenic activities in the past decades. In the natural environment, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) may fluctuate and follow diel-cycling patterns, but such effects on marine animals have not been comprehensively studied compared to their constant effects. In order to study the effects of diel-cycling seawater acidification and hypoxia on the fitness of marine bivalves, the thick shell mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed to two constant levels of dissolved oxygen (2 mg/L, 8 mg/L) under two pH treatments (7.3, 8.1), as well as single diel fluctuating pH or DO, and the combined diel fluctuating of pH and DO for three weeks. The experimental results showed that constant acidification and hypoxia significantly reduced the extracellular pH (pHe) and condition index (CI) of mussels, and significantly increased HCO3-, pCO2 and standard metabolic rate (SMR). Diel fluctuating hypoxia and acidification also significantly reduced the pHe and CI, and significantly increased pCO2 and SMR, but had no significant effects on HCO3-. However, the diel-cycling acidification and hypoxia resulted in a higher CI compared to continuous exposure. In general, continuous and intermittent stress negatively impact the hemolymph and growth performance of mussels. However, mussels possess a little stronger resistance to diel-cycling seawater acidification and hypoxia than sustained stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyong Shang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shixiu Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huaxin Gu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ting Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangen Xu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Kong
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yixuan Feng
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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28
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Zhu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Xie L, Zhang R. A species-specific miRNA participates in biomineralization by targeting CDS regions of Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP in Pinctada fucata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8971. [PMID: 32488043 PMCID: PMC7265298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a sophisticated biological process precisely regulated by multiple molecules and pathways. Accumulating miRNAs have been identified in invertebrates but their functions in biomineralization are poorly studied. Here, an oyster species-specific miRNA, novel_miR_1 was found to regulate biomineralization in Pinctada fucata. Target prediction showed that novel_miR_1 could target Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP by binding to their coding sequences (CDS). Tissue distribution analysis revealed that the expression level of novel_miR_1 was highest in the mantle, which was a key tissue participating in biomineralization. Gain-of-function assay in vivo showed that biomineralization-related genes including Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP were down-regulated and shell inner surfaces of both prismatic and nacreous layer were disrupted after the over-expression of novel_miR_1, indicating its dual roles in biomineralization. Furthermore, the shell notching results indicated that novel_miR_1 was involved in shell regeneration. Dual-luciferase reporter assay in vitro demonstrated that novel_miR_1 directly suppressed Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP genes by binding to the CDS regions. Taken together, these results suggest that novel_miR_1 is a direct negative regulator to Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP and plays an indispensable and important role in biomineralization in both prismatic and nacreous layer of P. fucata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zhu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Shuyan Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Liping Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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29
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Abstract
Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs and urchins. This is because life in our oceans is becoming more challenging for these animals with changes in temperature, pH and salinity. In the future, it will be more energetically expensive to make marine skeletons and the increasingly corrosive conditions in seawater are expected to result in the dissolution of these external skeletons. However, initial predictions of wide-scale sensitivity are changing as we understand more about the mechanisms underpinning skeletal production (biomineralization). These studies demonstrate the complexity of calcification pathways and the cellular responses of animals to these altered conditions. Factors including parental conditioning, phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics can significantly impact the production of skeletons and thus future population success. This understanding is paralleled by an increase in our knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in biomineralization, particularly in some phyla, such as urchins, molluscs and corals. This Review will provide a broad overview of our current understanding of the factors affecting skeletal production in marine invertebrates. It will focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning biomineralization and how knowledge of these processes affects experimental design and our ability to predict responses to climate change. Understanding marine biomineralization has many tangible benefits in our changing world, including improvements in conservation and aquaculture and exploitation of natural calcified structure design using biomimicry approaches that are aimed at producing novel biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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30
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zong Y, Zheng Y, Liu C, Kong N, Gao Q, Wang L, Song L. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals the alteration of energy metabolism in oyster larvae during initial shell formation and under experimental ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6111. [PMID: 32273532 PMCID: PMC7145846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bivalves secrete calcified shells to protect their soft bodies from predation and damages, which is of great importance for their survival, and for the safety of the coastal ecosystem. In recent years, larval shell formation of marine bivalves has been severely affected by ocean acidification (OA), and previous study indicated that OA might affect such process by disrupting endogenous energy metabolism. Developmental stages from trochophore to D-shape larvae are extremely important for initial shell formation in oyster since a calcified shell was formed to cover the chitin one. In the present study, metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches were employed to investigate the energy metabolism of oyster larvae during initial shell (prodissoconch I, PDI shell) formation and under experimental OA treatment. Totally 230 chemical compounds were identified from the present dataset, most of which were highly expressed in the “middle” stage (early D-shape larvae) which was critical for PDI shell formation since a calcified shell was formed to cover the chitin one. Several compounds such as glucose, glutarylcarnitine (C5), β-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine, 5-methylthioadenosine (MTA), myristoleate (14:1n5) and palmitoleate (16:1n7) were identified, which were involved in energy metabolic processes including amino acid oxidation, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, mRNA expressions of genes related to protein metabolism, glycolysis, lipid degradation, calcium transport and organic matrix formation activities were significantly down-regulated upon experimental OA. These results collectively suggested that formation of the initial shell in oyster larvae required endogenous energy coming from amino acid oxidation, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acid metabolism. These metabolic activities could be severely inhibited by experimental OA, which might alter the allocation of endogenous energy. Insufficient endogenous energy supply then suppressed the mobilization of calcium and resulted in a failure or delay in PDI shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanan Zong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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31
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Zhao X, Han Y, Chen B, Xia B, Qu K, Liu G. CO 2-driven ocean acidification weakens mussel shell defense capacity and induces global molecular compensatory responses. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125415. [PMID: 31770697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 is reducing seawater pH and shifting carbonate chemistry within, a process termed as ocean acidification (OA). Marine mussels are a family of ecologically and economically significant bivalves that are widely distributed along coastal areas worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that OA greatly disrupts mussels' physiological functions. However, the underlying molecular responses (e.g., whether there were any molecular compensation mechanisms) and the extent to which OA affects mussel shell defense capacity remain largely unknown. In this study, the thick shell mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed to the ambient pH (8.1) or one of two lowered pH levels (7.8 and 7.4) for 40 days. The results suggest that future OA will damage shell structure and weaken shell strength and shell closure strength, ultimately reducing mussel shell defense capacity. In addition, future OA will also disrupt haemolymph pH and Ca2+ homeostasis, leading to extracellular acidosis and Ca2+ deficiency. Mantle transcriptome analyses indicate that mussels will adopt a series of molecular compensatory responses to mitigate these adverse effects; nevertheless, weakened shell defense capacity will increase mussels' susceptibility to predators, parasites and pathogens, and thereby reduce their fitness. Overall, the findings of this study have significant ecological and economic implications, and will enhance our understanding of the future of the mussel aquaculture industry and coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Bijuan Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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32
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Chandra Rajan K, Vengatesen T. Molecular adaptation of molluscan biomineralisation to high-CO 2 oceans - The known and the unknown. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104883. [PMID: 32072987 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-CO2 induced ocean acidification (OA) reduces the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation level (Ω) and the pH of oceans. Consequently, OA is causing a serious threat to several ecologically and economically important biomineralising molluscs. Biomineralisation is a highly controlled biochemical process by which molluscs deposit their calcareous structures. In this process, shell matrix proteins aid the nucleation, growth and assemblage of the CaCO3 crystals in the shell. These molluscan shell proteins (MSPs) are, ultimately, responsible for determination of the diverse shell microstructures and mechanical strength. Recent studies have attempted to integrate gene and protein expression data of MSPs with shell structure and mechanical properties. These advances made in understanding the molecular mechanism of biomineralisation suggest that molluscs either succumb or adapt to OA stress. In this review, we discuss the fate of biomineralisation process in future high-CO2 oceans and its ultimate impact on the mineralised shell's structure and mechanical properties from the perspectives of limited substrate availability theory, proton flux limitation model and the omega myth theory. Furthermore, studying the interplay of energy availability and differential gene expression is an essential first step towards understanding adaptation of molluscan biomineralisation to OA, because if there is a need to change gene expression under stressors, any living system would require more energy than usual. To conclude, we have listed, four important future research directions for molecular adaptation of molluscan biomineralisation in high-CO2 oceans: 1) Including an energy budgeting factor while understanding differential gene expression of MSPs and ion transporters under OA. 2) Unraveling the genetic or epigenetic changes related to biomineralisation under stressors to help solving a bigger picture about future evolution of molluscs, and 3) Understanding Post Translational Modifications of MSPs with and without stressors. 4) Understanding carbon uptake mechanisms across taxa with and without OA to clarify the OA theories on Ω.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Chandra Rajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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33
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Strader ME, Wong JM, Hofmann GE. Ocean acidification promotes broad transcriptomic responses in marine metazoans: a literature survey. Front Zool 2020; 17:7. [PMID: 32095155 PMCID: PMC7027112 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For nearly a decade, the metazoan-focused research community has explored the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animals, noting that changes in ocean chemistry can impact calcification, metabolism, acid-base regulation, stress response and behavior in organisms that hold high ecological and economic value. Because OA interacts with several key physiological processes in marine organisms, transcriptomics has become a widely-used method to characterize whole organism responses on a molecular level as well as inform mechanisms that explain changes in phenotypes observed in response to OA. In the past decade, there has been a notable rise in studies that examine transcriptomic responses to OA in marine metazoans, and here we attempt to summarize key findings across these studies. We find that organisms vary dramatically in their transcriptomic responses to pH although common patterns are often observed, including shifts in acid-base ion regulation, metabolic processes, calcification and stress response mechanisms. We also see a rise in transcriptomic studies examining organismal response to OA in a multi-stressor context, often reporting synergistic effects of OA and temperature. In addition, there is an increase in studies that use transcriptomics to examine the evolutionary potential of organisms to adapt to OA conditions in the future through population and transgenerational experiments. Overall, the literature reveals complex organismal responses to OA, in which some organisms will face more dramatic consequences than others. This will have wide-reaching impacts on ocean communities and ecosystems as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Strader
- 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.,2Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Juliet M Wong
- 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.,3Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181 USA
| | - Gretchen E Hofmann
- 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
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34
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Counihan KL, Bowen L, Ballachey B, Coletti H, Hollmen T, Pister B, Wilson TL. Physiological and gene transcription assays to assess responses of mussels to environmental changes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7800. [PMID: 31592166 PMCID: PMC6779115 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal regions worldwide face increasing management concerns due to natural and anthropogenic forces that have the potential to significantly degrade nearshore marine resources. The goal of our study was to develop and test a monitoring strategy for nearshore marine ecosystems in remote areas that are not readily accessible for sampling. Mussel species have been used extensively to assess ecosystem vulnerability to multiple, interacting stressors. We sampled bay mussels (Mytilus trossulus) in 2015 and 2016 from six intertidal sites in Lake Clark and Katmai National Parks and Preserves, in south-central Alaska. Reference ranges for physiological assays and gene transcription were determined for use in future assessment efforts. Both techniques identified differences among sites, suggesting influences of both large-scale and local environmental factors and underscoring the value of this combined approach to ecosystem health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lizabeth Bowen
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Brenda Ballachey
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, United States of America
| | - Heather Coletti
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, Southwest Alaska Network, National Park Service, Anchorage, AK, United States of America
| | - Tuula Hollmen
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska-Fairbanks and Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Pister
- Ocean Alaska Science and Learning Center, National Park Service, Anchorage, AK, United States of America
| | - Tammy L Wilson
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, Southwest Alaska Network, National Park Service, Anchorage, AK, United States of America.,Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
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35
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Qiao K, Liang S, Wang F, Wang H, Hu Z, Chai T. Effects of cadmium toxicity on diploid wheat (Triticum urartu) and the molecular mechanism of the cadmium response. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:1-10. [PMID: 30974226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread soil contaminant that readily accumulates in wheat, and posing a potential threat to human health. Our aim is to investigate Cd toxicity effect and molecular mechanisms for wheat. In this study, the physiological indexes, morphology, and gene expression patterns of diploid wheat (Triticum urartu) seedlings were evaluated after 2 and 5 d of a Cd treatment (10 μM CdSO4). The Cd treatment resulted in increased proline and glutathione contents in shoots and roots, slight damage to leaf tips, severe damage to root tips, and increased root secretions. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were significantly more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in shoots and roots after 5 d of Cd stress than after 2 d of Cd stress, and the DEGs of the shoots were more different than the roots. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the pathways enriched under Cd treatment were "DNA replication" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis". These findings provide information about the responses to Cd stress in wheat, and provide a theoretical basis for reducing Cd toxicity and protecting food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qiao
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanhong Wang
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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36
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Ramesh K, Yarra T, Clark MS, John U, Melzner F. Expression of calcification-related ion transporters during blue mussel larval development. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7157-7172. [PMID: 31380040 PMCID: PMC6662379 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological processes driving the rapid rates of calcification in larval bivalves are poorly understood. Here, we use a calcification substrate-limited approach (low dissolved inorganic carbon, C T) and mRNA sequencing to identify proteins involved in bicarbonate acquisition during shell formation. As a secondary approach, we examined expression of ion transport and shell matrix proteins (SMPs) over the course of larval development and shell formation. We reared four families of Mytilus edulis under ambient (ca. 1865 µmol/kg) and low C T (ca. 941 µmol/kg) conditions and compared expression patterns at six developmental time points. Larvae reared under low C T exhibited a developmental delay, and a small subset of contigs was differentially regulated between ambient and low C T conditions. Of particular note was the identification of one contig encoding an anion transporter (SLC26) which was strongly upregulated (2.3-2.9 fold) under low C T conditions. By analyzing gene expression profiles over the course of larval development, we are able to isolate sequences encoding ion transport and SMPs to enhance our understanding of cellular pathways underlying larval calcification processes. In particular, we observe the differential expression of contigs encoding SLC4 family members (sodium bicarbonate cotransporters, anion exchangers), calcium-transporting ATPases, sodium/calcium exchangers, and SMPs such as nacrein, tyrosinase, and transcripts related to chitin production. With a range of candidate genes, this work identifies ion transport pathways in bivalve larvae and by applying comparative genomics to investigate temporal expression patterns, provides a foundation for further studies to functionally characterize the proteins involved in larval calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Ramesh
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean ResearchKielGermany
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Infrastructure‐KristinebergUniversity of GothenburgFiskebäckskilSweden
| | - Tejaswi Yarra
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Melody S. Clark
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | - Uwe John
- Ecological ChemistryAlfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐und MeeresforschungBremerhavenGermany
- Helmholtz‐Institute for Functional Marine BiodiversityOldenburgGermany
| | - Frank Melzner
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean ResearchKielGermany
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37
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Fernández Robledo JA, Yadavalli R, Allam B, Pales Espinosa E, Gerdol M, Greco S, Stevick RJ, Gómez-Chiarri M, Zhang Y, Heil CA, Tracy AN, Bishop-Bailey D, Metzger MJ. From the raw bar to the bench: Bivalves as models for human health. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:260-282. [PMID: 30503358 PMCID: PMC6511260 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves, from raw oysters to steamed clams, are popular choices among seafood lovers and once limited to the coastal areas. The rapid growth of the aquaculture industry and improvement in the preservation and transport of seafood have enabled them to be readily available anywhere in the world. Over the years, oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams have been the focus of research for improving the production, managing resources, and investigating basic biological and ecological questions. During this decade, an impressive amount of information using high-throughput genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies has been produced in various classes of the Mollusca group, and it is anticipated that basic and applied research will significantly benefit from this resource. One aspect that is also taking momentum is the use of bivalves as a model system for human health. In this review, we highlight some of the aspects of the biology of bivalves that have direct implications in human health including the shell formation, stem cells and cell differentiation, the ability to fight opportunistic and specific pathogens in the absence of adaptive immunity, as source of alternative drugs, mucosal immunity and, microbiome turnover, toxicology, and cancer research. There is still a long way to go; however, the next time you order a dozen oysters at your favorite raw bar, think about a tasty model organism that will not only please your palate but also help unlock multiple aspects of molluscan biology and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Marco Gerdol
- University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Samuele Greco
- University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rebecca J Stevick
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Marta Gómez-Chiarri
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Cynthia A Heil
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
| | - Adrienne N Tracy
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA; Colby College, Waterville, 4,000 Mayflower Hill Dr, ME, 04901, USA
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38
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Le Luyer J, Auffret P, Quillien V, Leclerc N, Reisser C, Vidal-Dupiol J, Ky CL. Whole transcriptome sequencing and biomineralization gene architecture associated with cultured pearl quality traits in the pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:111. [PMID: 30727965 PMCID: PMC6366105 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cultured pearls are unique gems produced by living organisms, mainly molluscs of the Pinctada genus, through the biomineralization properties of pearl sac tissue. Improvement of P. margaritifera pearl quality is one of the biggest challenges that Polynesian research has faced to date. To achieve this goal, a better understanding of the complex mechanisms related to nacre and pearl formation is essential and can now be approached through the use of massive parallel sequencing technologies. The aim of this study was to use RNA-seq to compare whole transcriptome expression of pearl sacs that had producing pearls with high and low quality. For this purpose, a comprehensive reference transcriptome of P. margaritifera was built based on multi-tissue sampling (mantle, gonad, whole animal), including different living stages (juvenile, adults) and phenotypes (colour morphotypes, sex). Results Strikingly, few genes were found to be up-regulated for high quality pearls (n = 16) compared to the up-regulated genes in low quality pearls (n = 246). Biomineralization genes up-regulated in low quality pearls were specific to prismatic and prism-nacre layers. Alternative splicing was further identified in several key biomineralization genes based on a recent P. margaritifera draft genome. Conclusion This study lifts the veil on the multi-level regulation of biomineralization genes associated with pearl quality determination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5443-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le Luyer
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - P Auffret
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - V Quillien
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - N Leclerc
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - C Reisser
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - J Vidal-Dupiol
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia.,Ifremer, UMR 5244 Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon CC 80, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - C-L Ky
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
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Ertl NG, O'Connor WA, Elizur A. Molecular effects of a variable environment on Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea glomerata: Thermal and low salinity stress, and their synergistic effect. Mar Genomics 2019; 43:19-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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40
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Biomineralization Forming Process and Bio-inspired Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application: A Review. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is a process in which organic matter and inorganic matter combine with each other under the regulation of living organisms. Because of the biomineralization-induced super survivability and retentivity, biomineralization has attracted special attention from biologists, archaeologists, chemists, and materials scientists for its tracer and transformation effect in rock evolution study and nanomaterials synthesis. However, controlling the biomineralization process in vitro as precisely as intricate biology systems still remains a challenge. In this review, the regulating roles of temperature, pH, and organics in biominerals forming process were reviewed. The artificially introducing and utilization of biomineralization, the bio-inspired synthesis of nanomaterials, in biomedical fields was further discussed, mainly in five potential fields: drug and cell-therapy engineering, cancer/tumor target engineering, bone tissue engineering, and other advanced biomedical engineering. This review might help other interdisciplinary researchers to bionic-manufacture biominerals in molecular-level for developing more applications of biomineralization.
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41
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Franke K, Karl I, Centeno TP, Feldmeyer B, Lassek C, Oostra V, Riedel K, Stanke M, Wheat CW, Fischer K. Effects of adult temperature on gene expression in a butterfly: identifying pathways associated with thermal acclimation. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 30674272 PMCID: PMC6345059 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic plasticity is a pervasive property of all organisms and considered to be of key importance for dealing with environmental variation. Plastic responses to temperature, which is one of the most important ecological factors, have received much attention over recent decades. A recurrent pattern of temperature-induced adaptive plasticity includes increased heat tolerance after exposure to warmer temperatures and increased cold tolerance after exposure to cooler temperatures. However, the mechanisms underlying these plastic responses are hitherto not well understood. Therefore, we here investigate effects of adult acclimation on gene expression in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana, using an RNAseq approach. RESULTS We show that several antioxidant markers (e.g. peroxidase, cytochrome P450) were up-regulated at a higher temperature compared with a lower adult temperature, which might play an important role in the acclamatory responses subsequently providing increased heat tolerance. Furthermore, several metabolic pathways were up-regulated at the higher temperature, likely reflecting increased metabolic rates. In contrast, we found no evidence for a decisive role of the heat shock response. CONCLUSIONS Although the important role of antioxidant defence mechanisms in alleviating detrimental effects of oxidative stress is firmly established, we speculate that its potentially important role in mediating heat tolerance and survival under stress has been underestimated thus far and thus deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Franke
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Isabell Karl
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tonatiuh Pena Centeno
- Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Molecular Ecology Group, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Lassek
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vicencio Oostra
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mario Stanke
- Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany. .,Present address: Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070, Koblenz, Germany.
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42
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Liao H, Yang Z, Dou Z, Sun F, Kou S, Zhang Z, Huang X, Bao Z. Impact of Ocean Acidification on the Energy Metabolism and Antioxidant Responses of the Yesso Scallop ( Patinopecten yessoensis). Front Physiol 2019; 9:1967. [PMID: 30719011 PMCID: PMC6348270 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA), which is caused by increasing levels of dissolved CO2 in the ocean, is a major threat to marine ecosystems. Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that marine bivalves, including scallops, are vulnerable to OA due to their poor capacities to regulate extracellular ions and acid-based status. However, the physiological mechanisms of scallops responding to OA are not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 45 days of exposure to OA (pH 7.5) on the energy metabolism and antioxidant capability of Yesso scallops. Some biochemical markers related to energy metabolism (e.g., content of glycogen and ATP, activity of ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase), antioxidant capacity (e.g., reactive oxygen species level, activity of superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and cellular damage (e.g., lipid peroxidation level) were measured. Our results demonstrate that the effects of the reduced pH (7.5) on scallops are varied in different tissues. The energy reserves are mainly accumulated in the adductor muscle and hepatopancreas. Yesso scallops exhibit energy modulation by increasing lactate dehydrogenase activities to stimulate anaerobic metabolism. The highly active Na+/K+-ATPase and massive ATP consumption in the mantle and gill indicate that a large amount of energy was allocated for the ion regulation process to maintain the acid-base balance in the reduced-pH environment. Moreover, the increase in the reactive oxygen species level and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the gill and adductor muscle, indicate that oxidative stress was induced after long-term exposure to the reduced-pH environment. Our findings indicate that the effects of OA are tissue-specific, and physiological homeostasis could be modulated through different mechanisms for Yesso scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zujing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanhua Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Sihua Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengrui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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43
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Chen Y, Liu C, Li S, Liu Z, Xie L, Zhang R. Repaired Shells of the Pearl Oyster Largely Recapitulate Normal Prismatic Layer Growth: A Proteomics Study of Shell Matrix Proteins. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:519-529. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314006, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314006, China
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44
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Ip YK, Hiong KC, Lim LJ, Choo CY, Boo MV, Wong WP, Neo ML, Chew SF. Molecular characterization, light-dependent expression, and cellular localization of a host vacuolar-type H + -ATPase (VHA) subunit A in the giant clam, Tridacna squamosa , indicate the involvement of the host VHA in the uptake of inorganic carbon and its supply to the symbiotic zooxanthellae. Gene 2018; 659:137-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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Li S, Xia Z, Chen Y, Gao Y, Zhan A. Byssus Structure and Protein Composition in the Highly Invasive Fouling Mussel Limnoperna fortunei. Front Physiol 2018; 9:418. [PMID: 29713291 PMCID: PMC5911496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofouling mediated by byssus adhesion in invasive bivalves has become a global environmental problem in aquatic ecosystems, resulting in negative ecological and economic consequences. Previous studies suggested that mechanisms responsible for byssus adhesion largely vary among bivalves, but it is poorly understood in freshwater species. Understanding of byssus structure and protein composition is the prerequisite for revealing these mechanisms. Here, we used multiple methods, including scanning electron microscope, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, transcriptome sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, to investigate structure, and protein composition of byssus in the highly invasive freshwater mussel Limnoperna fortunei. The results indicated that the structure characteristics of adhesive plaque, proximal and distal threads were conducive to byssus adhesion, contributing to the high biofouling capacity of this species. The 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-α-alanine (Dopa) is a major post-transnationally modification in L. fortunei byssus. We identified 16 representative foot proteins with typical repetitive motifs and conserved domains by integrating transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. In these proteins, Lfbp-1, Lffp-2, and Lfbp-3 were specially located in foot tissue and highly expressed in the rapid byssus formation period, suggesting the involvement of these foot proteins in byssus production and adhesion. Multiple metal irons, including Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Al3+, and Fe3+, were abundant in both foot tissue and byssal thread. The heavy metals in these irons may be directly accumulated by L. fortunei from surrounding environments. Nevertheless, some metal ions (e.g., Ca2+) corresponded well with amino acid preferences of L. fortunei foot proteins, suggesting functional roles of these metal ions by interacting with foot proteins in byssus adhesion. Overall, this study provides structural and molecular bases of adhesive mechanisms of byssus in L. fortunei, and findings here are expected to develop strategies against biofouling by freshwater organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangchun Gao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aibin Zhan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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46
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Jeffrey JD, Hannan KD, Hasler CT, Suski CD. Chronic exposure of a freshwater mussel to elevated pCO 2 : Effects on the control of biomineralization and ion-regulatory responses. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:538-550. [PMID: 28971536 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels may be exposed to elevations in mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2 ) caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of a 28-d elevation in pCO2 at 15 000 and 50 000 μatm on processes associated with biomineralization, ion regulation, and cellular stress in adult Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes, 1823). In addition, the capacity for mussels to compensate for acid-base disturbances experienced after exposure to elevated pCO2 was assessed over a 14-d recovery period. Overall, exposure to 50 000 μatm pCO2 had more pronounced physiological consequences compared with 15 000 μatm pCO2 . Over the first 7 d of exposure to 50 000 μatm pCO2 , the mRNA abundance of chitin synthase (cs), calmodulin (cam), and calmodulin-like protein (calp) were significantly affected, suggesting that shell formation and integrity may be altered during pCO2 exposure. After the removal of the pCO2 treatment, mussels may compensate for the acid-base and ion disturbances experienced during pCO2 exposure, and transcript levels of some regulators of biomineralization (carbonic anhydrase [ca], cs, cam, calp) as well as ion regulation (na+ -k+ -ATPase [nka]) were modulated. Effects of elevated pCO2 on heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) were limited in the present study. Overall, adult L. siliquoidea appeared to regulate factors associated with the control of biomineralization and ion regulation during and/or after the removal of pCO2 exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:538-550. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Jeffrey
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly D Hannan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Caleb T Hasler
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cory D Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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47
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Hou J, Zhou Y, Wang C, Li S, Wang X. Toxic Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Different Types of Silver Nanoparticles to the Aquatic Crustacean Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12868-12878. [PMID: 28968066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been assessed to have a high exposure risk for humans and aquatic organisms. Toxicity varies considerably between different types of AgNPs. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of AgNPs with different particle sizes (40 and 110 nm) and different surface coatings (sodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) on Daphnia magna and their mechanisms of action. The results revealed that the citrate-coated AgNPs were more toxic than PVP-coated AgNPs and that the 40 nm AgNPs were more toxic than the 110 nm AgNPs. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that the toxic effects of AgNPs on D. magna were related to the mechanisms of ion binding and several metabolic pathways, such as the "RNA polymerase" pathway and the "protein digestion and absorption" pathway. Moreover, the principal component analysis (PAC) results found that surface coating was the major factor that determines the toxicities compared to particle size. These results could help us better understand the possible mechanism of AgNP toxicity in aquatic invertebrates at the transcriptome level and establish an important foundation for revealing the broad impacts of nanoparticles on aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
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48
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Transcriptomic response of the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica to ocean acidification. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:812. [PMID: 29061120 PMCID: PMC5653985 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ocean acidification (OA), a change in ocean chemistry due to the absorption of atmospheric CO2 into surface oceans, challenges biogenic calcification in many marine organisms. Ocean acidification is expected to rapidly progress in polar seas, with regions of the Southern Ocean expected to experience severe OA within decades. Biologically, the consequences of OA challenge calcification processes and impose an energetic cost. Results In order to better characterize the response of a polar calcifier to conditions of OA, we assessed differential gene expression in the Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica. Experimental levels of pCO2 were chosen to create both contemporary pH conditions, and to mimic future pH expected in OA scenarios. Significant changes in the transcriptome were observed when juvenile L. h. antarctica were acclimated for 21 days to low-pH (7.71), mid-pH (7.9) or high-pH (8.13) conditions. Differential gene expression analysis of individuals maintained in the low-pH treatment identified down-regulation of genes involved in cytoskeletal structure, lipid transport, and metabolism. High pH exposure led to increased expression and enrichment for genes involved in shell formation, calcium ion binding, and DNA binding. Significant differential gene expression was observed in four major cellular and physiological processes: shell formation, the cellular stress response, metabolism, and neural function. Across these functional groups, exposure to conditions that mimic ocean acidification led to rapid suppression of gene expression. Conclusions Results of this study demonstrated that the transcriptome of the juvenile pteropod, L. h. antarctica, was dynamic and changed in response to different levels of pCO2. In a global change context, exposure of L. h. antarctica to the low pH, high pCO2 OA conditions resulted in a suppression of transcripts for genes involved in key physiological processes: calcification, metabolism, and the cellular stress response. The transcriptomic response at both acute and longer-term acclimation time frames indicated that contemporary L. h. antarctica may not have the physiological plasticity necessary for adaptation to OA conditions expected in future decades. Lastly, the differential gene expression results further support the role of shelled pteropods such as L. h. antarctica as sentinel organisms for the impacts of ocean acidification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4161-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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49
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Li S, Liu Y, Huang J, Zhan A, Xie L, Zhang R. The receptor genes PfBMPR1B and PfBAMBI are involved in regulating shell biomineralization in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9219. [PMID: 28835628 PMCID: PMC5569090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway is most likely involved in shell biomineralization in molluscs, but the function of pathway receptors is poorly studied. Here, we cloned and identified two homologous BMP receptor genes, PfBMPR1B and PfBAMBI, from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. Real-time quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization revealed that these genes were expressed in mantle edge and pallial, specifically located at the outer epithelia. Knockdown of PfBMPR1B by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreased the expression levels of matrix protein (MP) genes and induced the abnormal ultrastructure of prismatic and nacreous layers. Conversely, knockdown of PfBAMBI significantly increased the expression levels of a portion of MP genes and induced the overgrowth of nacreous layer crystals. In the RNAi and shell notching experiments, MP gene expressions were competitively regulated by PfBMPR1B and PfBAMBI. In addition, the receptor inhibitor LDN193189 reduced the expression levels of MP genes in mantle primary cells and larvae, and induced abnormal D-shaped shell formation during larval development. Collectively, these results clearly show that PfBMPR1B and PfBAMBI are involved in regulating shell biomineralization in P. fucata. Our study therefore provides the direct evidence that BMP receptors participate in mollusc biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Li
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yangjia Liu
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingliang Huang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aibin Zhan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
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50
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Wang X, Wang M, Jia Z, Song X, Wang L, Song L. A shell-formation related carbonic anhydrase in Crassostrea gigas modulates intracellular calcium against CO 2 exposure: Implication for impacts of ocean acidification on mollusk calcification. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 189:216-228. [PMID: 28666131 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) could decrease the shells and skeletons formation of mollusk by reducing the availability of carbonate ions at calcification sites. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) convert CO2 to HCO3- and play important roles in biomineralization process from invertebrate to vertebrate. In the present study, a CA (designated as CgCA) was identified and characterized in Pacific oyster C. gigas. The cDNA of CgCA was of 927bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 308 amino acids with a signal peptide and a CA catalytic function domain. The mRNA transcripts of CgCA were constitutively expressed in all tested tissues with the highest levels in mantle and hemocytes. During the early development period, the mRNA transcripts of CgCA could be detected in all the stages with the highest level in D-veliger larvae. Elevated CO2 increased the mRNA transcripts of CgCA in muscle, mantle, hepatopancreas, gill and hemocytes significantly (p<0.05) and induced the translocation of CgCA in hemocytes and mantle. Moreover, elevated CO2 also caused the decrease of intracellular Ca2+ in hemocytes (p<0.05). The inhibition of CA by acetazolamide and suppression of CgCA gene via RNA interference could increase the intracellular Ca2+ in hemocytes (p<0.05). Besides, the decrease of intracellular Ca2+ content caused by Ca2+ reagent ionomycin could affect localization of CgCA in mantle tissue. The results indicated CgCA played essential roles in calcification and elevated CO2 accelerated the mutual modulation between calcium and CgCA, implying reduced calcification rate and dissolved shells under OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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