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Yao KS, Van de Perre D, Lei HJ, Bai H, Zhou PL, Ying GG, Van den Brink PJ. Assessing ecological responses of exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin in sub-tropical freshwater ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:176022. [PMID: 39236830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely detected in aquatic ecosystems due to their extensive use in agriculture and horticulture, which could pose a potential risk to aquatic non-target organisms. While previous ecotoxicological studies have been conducted mainly with standard tests and local species under temperate conditions, scarce information is available on the effects of pyrethroid insecticides on communities and ecosystems under (sub-)tropical conditions. A single application of lambda-cyhalothrin at concentrations of 0, 9, 30, and 100 ng/L was evaluated in outdoor mesocosms under sub-tropical conditions. Lambda-cyhalothrin was found to dissipate rapidly in the water column, with only 11 % and 7 % of the remaining dose measured at 1 and 3 days after application, respectively. Lambda-cyhalothrin concentrations disappeared considerably faster from the water compartment compared to temperate conditions. Consistent decreases in abundance were observed for Lecane lunaris at the medium and higher treatments (NOEC = 9 ng/L) and at the highest treatment (NOEC = 30 ng/L) for Keratella tropica. On the contrary, two taxa belonging to Cladocera (i.e., Ceriodaphnia sp. and Diaphanosoma sp.) showed the most prominent increase in abundance related to the lambda-cyhalothrin treatments. At the community level, a consistent no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) of 9 ng/L could be calculated for the zooplankton community. A marginal significant overall treatment related effect was observed for the macroinvertebrate community. The results of species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis based on results of acute toxicity experiments conducted alongside the mesocosm experiment and obtained from the literature indicated that macroinvertebrates from temperate regions may be generally more sensitive than their counterparts in (sub-)tropical regions. Overall, these findings suggest that environmentally relevant concentrations of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin may lead to different ecological outcomes in freshwater ecosystems in the (sub-)tropics relative to temperate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Sheng Yao
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dimitri Van de Perre
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao-Jun Lei
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Bai
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pei-Liang Zhou
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Liang R, Sinclair TM, Craig PS, Maltby L. Spatial variation in the sensitivity of freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages to chemical stressors. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120854. [PMID: 37992635 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Assessing spatial variation in the chemical sensitivity of natural assemblages will enhance ecological relevance and reduce uncertainty in ecological risk assessments and the derivation of environmental quality standards (EQSs). However, the majority of species in natural communities have not undergone toxicity testing for any chemical, which poses a major challenge when assessing their sensitivity. We investigated spatial variation and patterns in the sensitivity of 4084 freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages across England to 5 general-acting chemicals (heavy metals) and 13 specifically acting chemicals (insecticides) using a novel hierarchical species sensitivity distribution method based on taxonomic relatedness. Furthermore, we explored how river typology relates to spatial variation in assemblage sensitivity to chemicals and the potential impacts of such variation on current EQSs. Our findings revealed that, whereas assemblages with similar taxonomic compositions exhibit comparable sensitivity distributions, assemblages with different taxonomic compositions could have very similar or very different sensitivity distributions. The variation in assemblage sensitivity was greater for specifically acting chemicals than for general-acting chemicals and exhibited spatial clustering patterns. These spatial clustering patterns varied depending on the chemical, and the regions where assemblages were most sensitive to metals were generally not the same as the regions where assemblages were most sensitive to insecticides. Spatial variation in assemblage sensitivity was related to river typology with sensitive assemblages being more common than expected in lowland calcareous (or mixed geology) rivers within very small to small catchments. Comparing spatial variation in assemblage-specific chemical sensitivity to EQSs, we found that the operational EQSs in England would protect most study assemblages (i.e., > 99.5 %), although a small proportion of assemblages may face potential risks associated with azinphos-methyl, copper, and malathion. In many cases the EQSs were very precautionary, potentially requiring expensive control measures or restricting beneficial chemical use with no additional environmental benefit. The development of spatially defined EQSs, possibly based on river types, could be developed to target areas that require the highest level of protection and thus strike a balance between the benefits of chemical use and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Liang
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas M Sinclair
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Craig
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Maltby
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Theys C, Verheyen J, Janssens L, Tüzün N, Stoks R. Effects of heat and pesticide stress on life history, physiology and the gut microbiome of two congeneric damselflies that differ in stressor tolerance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162617. [PMID: 36871721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The combined impact of toxicants and warming on organisms is getting increased attention in ecotoxicology, but is still hard to predict, especially with regard to heat waves. Recent studies suggested that the gut microbiome may provide mechanistic insights into the single and combined stressor effects on their host. We therefore investigated effects of sequential exposure to a heat spike and a pesticide on both the phenotype (life history and physiology) and the gut microbiome composition of damselfly larvae. We compared the fast-paced Ischnura pumilio, which is more tolerant to both stressors, with the slow-paced I. elegans, to obtain mechanistic insights into species-specific stressor effects. The two species differed in gut microbiome composition, potentially contributing to their pace-of-life differences. Intriguingly, there was a general resemblance between the stressor response patterns in the phenotype and in the gut microbiome, whereby both species responded broadly similar to the single and combined stressors. The heat spike negatively affected the life history of both species (increased mortality, reduced growth rate), which could be explained not only by shared negative effects on physiology (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, increase of malondialdehyde), but also by shared effects on gut bacterial species' abundances. The pesticide only had negative effects (reduced growth rate, reduced net energy budget) in I. elegans. The pesticide generated shifts in the bacterial community composition (e.g. increased abundance of Sphaerotilus and Enterobacteriaceae in the gut microbiome of I. pumilio), which potentially contributed to the relatively higher pesticide tolerance of I. pumilio. Moreover, in line with the response patterns in the host phenotype, the effects of the heat spike and the pesticide on the gut microbiome were mainly additive. By contrasting two species differing in stress tolerance, our results suggest that response patterns in the gut microbiome may improve our mechanistic understanding of single and combined stressor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Theys
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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González JM, de Guzmán I, Elosegi A, Larrañaga A. Tertiary wastewater treatment combined with high dilution rates fails to eliminate impacts on receiving stream invertebrate assemblages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160425. [PMID: 36427726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The amount of wastewater processed in treatment plants is increasing following more strict environmental regulations. Treatment facilities are implementing upgrades to abate the concentrations of nutrients and contaminants and, thus, reduce their effects on receiving systems. Although many studies characterized the chemical composition and ecotoxicological effects of treated wastewater, its environmental effects are still poorly known, as receiving water bodies are often subjected to other stressors. We performed a field manipulative experiment to measure the response of invertebrate assemblages to one year of tertiary-treated wastewater discharges. We poured treated wastewater from an urban wastewater treatment plant into the lower-most 100-m of a previously unpolluted stream (3.6 % daily flow on average) while using another upstream reach as control. The positive correlation between effect sizes of abundance changes and IBMWP scores suggested assemblage modifications were following taxa tolerance to ecological impairment. The treatment increased the temporal variability of SPEARorganic, EPT relative abundance, and invertebrate functional redundancy. Our results show that even in this best-case scenario of tertiary-treated and highly diluted wastewater, the abundance of the most sensitive taxa in the aquatic assemblages is reduced. Further improvements in wastewater treatments seem necessary to ensure these effluents do not modify receiving water ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M González
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain..
| | - I de Guzmán
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n. 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - A Elosegi
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n. 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - A Larrañaga
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n. 48940 Leioa, Spain
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5
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Schneeweiss A, Juvigny-Khenafou NPD, Osakpolor S, Scharmüller A, Scheu S, Schreiner VC, Ashauer R, Escher BI, Leese F, Schäfer RB. Three perspectives on the prediction of chemical effects in ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:21-40. [PMID: 36131639 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production, use and emission of synthetic chemicals into the environment represents a major driver of global change. The large number of synthetic chemicals, limited knowledge on exposure patterns and effects in organisms and their interaction with other global change drivers hamper the prediction of effects in ecosystems. However, recent advances in biomolecular and computational methods are promising to improve our capacity for prediction. We delineate three idealised perspectives for the prediction of chemical effects: the suborganismal, organismal and ecological perspective, which are currently largely separated. Each of the outlined perspectives includes essential and complementary theories and tools for prediction but captures only part of the phenomenon of chemical effects. Links between the perspectives may foster predictive modelling of chemical effects in ecosystems and extrapolation between species. A major challenge for the linkage is the lack of data sets simultaneously covering different levels of biological organisation (here referred to as biological levels) as well as varying temporal and spatial scales. Synthesising the three perspectives, some central aspects and associated types of data seem particularly necessary to improve prediction. First, suborganism- and organism-level responses to chemicals need to be recorded and tested for relationships with chemical groups and organism traits. Second, metrics that are measurable at many biological levels, such as energy, need to be scrutinised for their potential to integrate across levels. Third, experimental data on the simultaneous response over multiple biological levels and spatiotemporal scales are required. These could be collected in nested and interconnected micro- and mesocosm experiments. Lastly, prioritisation of processes involved in the prediction framework needs to find a balance between simplification and capturing the essential complexity of a system. For example, in some cases, eco-evolutionary dynamics and interactions may need stronger consideration. Prediction needs to move from a static to a real-world eco-evolutionary view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | | | - Stephen Osakpolor
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Andreas Scharmüller
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), UMR 7063, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg-ENGEES, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sebastian Scheu
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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6
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Montaño-Campaz ML, Dias LG, Bacca T, Toro-Restrepo B, Oliveira EE. Exposures to deltamethrin on immature Chironomus columbiensis drive sublethal and transgenerational effects on their reproduction and wing morphology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134042. [PMID: 35202668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal exposure to insecticides can trigger unintended responses in non-target insects that may disrupt reproductive and developmental performances of these organisms. Here, we assessed whether sublethal exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin in early life had sublethal and transgenerational effects on the reproduction (i.e., fecundity and fertility) and wing morphology of Chironomus columbiensis, an aquatic insect used as a water quality indicator. We first conducted concentration-response bioassays to evaluate the susceptibility of C. columbiensis larvae to deltamethrin. Our results revealed that deltamethrin toxicity was approximately 7-fold higher when C. columbiensis larvae where exposed to 96 h (LC50 = 0.17 [0.15-0.20] μg/L) than to 24 h (LC50 = 1.17 [0.97-1.43] μg/L). Furthermore, the sublethal exposures (at LC1 = 0.02 μg/L or LC10 = 0.05 μg/L) of immature C. columbiensis resulted in lower fecundity (e.g., reduced eggs production) and morphometric variation wing shapes. Further reduction in fertility rates (quantity of viable eggs) occurred at deltamethrin LC10 (0.05 μg/L). Almost 80% of the fecundity was recovered with only a single recovery generation; however, two subsequent recovery generations were not sufficient to fully recover fecundity in C. columbiensis. Specimens recovered from 98.5% of wing morphometric variation after two consecutive generations without deltamethrin exposure. Collectively, our findings demonstrates that sublethal exposure to synthetic pyrethroids such as deltamethrin detrimentally affect the reproduction and wing shape of C. columbiensis, but also indicate that proper management of these compounds (e.g., concentration and frequency of application) would suffice for these insects' population recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton L Montaño-Campaz
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigación Bionat, Universidad de Caldas, Caldas, Colombia; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Viçosa (UFV), 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucimar G Dias
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Grupo de Investigación Bionat, Universidad de Caldas, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Tito Bacca
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad del Tolima., Tolima, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Toro-Restrepo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Grupo de Investigación Bionat, Universidad de Caldas, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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7
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Marle P, Timoner P, Liu W, Castella E, Slaveykova VI. Light-trapped caddisflies to decipher the role of species traits and habitats in Hg accumulation and transfer. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131909. [PMID: 34461331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel meta-community approach to explore the influence of species traits, such as adult body size, larval feeding type and microhabitat, as well as larval macrohabitat (main river channel vs. floodplain water bodies) on the concentration of total Hg accumulated ([THg]) in assemblages of adult caddisflies. We analyzed [THg] in 157 light-trapped adult caddisflies in a floodplain sector of the French upper Rhône River and used a linear mixed effect model to decipher the role of species traits and habitats in Hg accumulation. Variation of [THg] between species was best explained by the larval feeding type, whereas the contributions of adult size and larval micro and macro-habitat were minor. Results showed that [THg] in species associated with floodplain macrohabitats in the larval stage was lower than in those associated with the main river channel. This difference could depend on complexation of Hg by DOM (in the floodplain) and MES (in the main channel). This research provides a first evidence of the potential of an entire caddisfly assemblage for the assessment of contamination in large alluvial rivers. The implications of the results are discussed in view of the possible role of caddisflies as vectors of Hg to riparian predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Marle
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Biology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo Timoner
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, EnviroSPACE Laboratory, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wei Liu
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Castella
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Biology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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Mendonça-Gomes JM, Charlie-Silva I, Guimarães ATB, Estrela FN, Calmon MF, Miceli RN, Sanches PRS, Bittar C, Rahal P, Cilli EM, Ahmed MAI, Vogel CFA, Malafaia G. Shedding light on toxicity of SARS-CoV-2 peptides in aquatic biota: A study involving neotropical mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117818. [PMID: 34333265 PMCID: PMC8291650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about how the COVID-19 pandemic can affect aquatic wildlife is still extremely limited, and no effect of SARS-CoV-2 or its structural constituents on invertebrate models has been reported so far. Thus, we investigated the presence of the 2019-new coronavirus in different urban wastewater samples and, later, evaluated the behavioral and biochemical effects of the exposure of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae to two SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptides (PSPD-2002 and PSPD-2003) synthesized in our laboratory. Initially, our results show the contamination of wastewater by the new coronavirus, via RT-qPCR on the viral N1 gene. On the other hand, our study shows that short-term exposure (48 h) to a low concentration (40 μg/L) of the synthesized peptides induced changes in the locomotor and the olfactory-driven behavior of the C. quinquefascitus larvae, which were associated with increased production of ROS and AChE activity (cholinesterase effect). To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the larval phase of a freshwater invertebrate species. The results raise concerns at the ecological level where the observed biological effects may lead to drastic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Neves Estrela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano; Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"; São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nava Miceli
- SeMAE - Serviço Municipal Autonômo de Água e Esgoto, São José do Rio Preto; São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Sanches
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Bittar
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"; São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"; São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano; Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlância, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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9
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Cedergreen N, Bellisai G, Herrero-Nogareda L, Boesen E, Dalhoff K. Using TKTD Models in Combination with In Vivo Enzyme Inhibition Assays to Investigate the Mechanisms behind Synergistic Interactions across Two Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13990-13999. [PMID: 34590483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the azole synergy across an insect, Chironomus riparius, and a crustacean species, Daphnia magna. We use a combination of in vivo measurements of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) biotransformation potential and toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) modeling to understand the mechanism behind the synergy of two azole fungicides: the imidazole prochloraz and the triazole propiconazole on the pyrethroid insecticide α-cypermethrin. For both species, the synergistic effect of prochloraz was well-described by its effect on in vivo CYP activity, which corresponded to the biotransformation rate of the TK model parameterized on the survival data of the mixture experiment. For propiconazole, however, there were 100-fold and 50-fold differences between the 50% effect concentration of in vivo CYP activity and the modeled biotransformation rate for C. riparius and D. magna, respectively. Propiconazole, therefore, seems to induce synergy through a mechanism that cannot be quantified solely by the CYP activity assay used in this study in either of the two species. We discuss the differences between prochloraz and propiconazole as synergists across the two species in the light of the type and time dynamics of affected biotransformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Cedergreen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Giulia Bellisai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- School of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Laia Herrero-Nogareda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Emil Boesen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Dalhoff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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10
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Janssens L, Verberk W, Stoks R. The pace-of life explains whether gills improve or exacerbate pesticide sensitivity in a damselfly larva. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 282:117019. [PMID: 33823312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trait-based approaches are promising to make generalizations about the sensitivity of species and populations to pesticides. Two traits that may shape the sensitivity to pesticides are the surface area (related to pesticide uptake) and the metabolic rate (related to pesticide elimination). We compared the sensitivity of damselfly larvae to the pesticide chlorpyrifos and how this was modified by loss of external gills (autotomy, reducing the surface area) in both fast pace-of-life (high metabolic rate) and slow pace-of-life (low metabolic rate) populations of Ischnura elegans. The slow-paced populations were more sensitive to the pesticide than the fast-paced populations in terms of survival, growth and energy metabolism. This suggests the higher metabolic rate of fast-paced populations enabled a faster pesticide elimination. Pesticide exposure also reduced heat tolerance, especially in slow-paced larvae under hypoxia. Gill loss had opposite effects on pesticide sensitivity in slow- and fast-paced populations. In slow-paced larvae, gill loss lowered the sensitivity to the pesticide, while in fast-paced larvae, gill loss increased the sensitivity. This difference likely reflects the balance between the roles of the gills in pesticide uptake (more detrimental in slow-paced populations) and oxygen uptake (more important in fast-paced populations). Our results highlight the need to consider trait interactions when applying trait-based approaches to predict the sensitivity to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wilco Verberk
- Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Bray JP, O'Reilly-Nugent A, Kon Kam King G, Kaserzon S, Nichols SJ, Nally RM, Thompson RM, Kefford BJ. Can SPEcies At Risk of pesticides (SPEAR) indices detect effects of target stressors among multiple interacting stressors? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142997. [PMID: 33250249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are increasingly recognised as a threat to freshwater biodiversity, but their specific ecological effects remain difficult to distinguish from those of co-occurring stressors and environmental gradients. Using mesocosms we examined the effects of an organophosphate insecticide (malathion) on stream macroinvertebrate communities concurrently exposed to a suite of stressors typical of streams in agricultural catchments. We assessed the specificity of the SPEcies At Risk index designed to determine pesticide effects in mesocosm trials (SPEARmesocosm). This index determines the log abundance proportion of taxa that are considered physiologically sensitive to pesticides. Geographic variation in pesticide sensitivity within taxa, coupled with variation between pesticides and the effects of co-occurring stressors may decrease the accuracy of SPEARmesocosm. To examine this, we used local pesticide sensitivity assessments based on rapid toxicity tests to develop two new SPEAR versions to compare to the original SPEARmesocosms index using mesocosm results. We further compared these results to multivariate analyses and community indices (e.g. richness, abundance, Simpson's diversity) commonly used to assess stressor effects on biota. To assess the implications of misclassifying species sensitivity on SPEAR indices we used a series of simulations using artificial data. The impacts of malathion were detectable using SPEARmesocosm, and one of two new SPEAR indices. All three of the SPEAR indices also increased when exposed to other agricultural non-pesticide stressors, and this change increased with greater pesticide concentrations. Our results support that interactions between other non-pesticide stressors with pesticides can affect SPEAR performance. Multivariate analysis and the other indices used here identified a significant effect of malathion especially at high concentrations, with little or no evidence of effects from the other agricultural stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Bray
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Andrew O'Reilly-Nugent
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susan J Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ross M Thompson
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ben J Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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12
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Macaulay SJ, Hageman KJ, Piggott JJ, Matthaei CD. Time-cumulative effects of neonicotinoid exposure, heatwaves and food limitation on stream mayfly nymphs: A multiple-stressor experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141941. [PMID: 33254881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The global intensification of agriculture has resulted in pesticides playing an increasingly important role as anthropogenic stressors and drivers of environmental change. There is also a growing need to determine if other environmental stressors, especially those predicted to worsen with climate change, interact with pesticides to alter their effects on non-target biota. Two such stressors are increased extreme temperature events and periods of food limitation. This study is the first to investigate the combined effects of the world's most widely used insecticide, imidacloprid, with heatwaves and food limitation on a freshwater animal. A 6-week, full-factorial laboratory experiment with Deleatidium spp. mayfly nymphs was performed to investigate the potential for direct and delayed interactive effects of simulated heatwaves and starvation with chronic exposure to a field-realistic concentration of imidacloprid (0.4 μg/L). The experiment included two 6-day simulated heatwaves, one during a starvation period prior to imidacloprid addition, and one during the first 6 days of imidacloprid exposure. The simulated heatwaves alone caused such drastic negative effects on Deleatidium survival and mobility that mainly antagonistic interactions were observed with the other stressors, though delayed synergisms between imidacloprid and the second heatwave also affected mayfly mobility. Time-cumulative toxicity of imidacloprid was evident, with imidacloprid first affecting mayfly mobility after 12 days but eventually causing the strongest effects of all manipulated stressors. However, lethal effects of imidacloprid could only be detected in the absence of heatwaves and starvation, possibly as a result of selection for stronger individuals due to prior exposure to these stressors. Our findings demonstrate that heatwaves of increasing severity will critically affect sensitive freshwater organisms such as mayflies, and that the impacts of widespread pesticide use on freshwater ecosystems under global climate change cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Macaulay
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0305, USA
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christoph D Matthaei
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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13
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van den Berg SJP, Maltby L, Sinclair T, Liang R, van den Brink PJ. Cross-species extrapolation of chemical sensitivity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141800. [PMID: 33207462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are usually populated by many species. Each of these species carries the potential to show a different sensitivity towards all of the numerous chemical compounds that can be present in their environment. Since experimentally testing all possible species-chemical combinations is impossible, the ecological risk assessment of chemicals largely depends on cross-species extrapolation approaches. This review overviews currently existing cross-species extrapolation methodologies, and discusses i) how species sensitivity could be described, ii) which predictors might be useful for explaining differences in species sensitivity, and iii) which statistical considerations are important. We argue that risk assessment can benefit most from modelling approaches when sensitivity is described based on ecologically relevant and robust effects. Additionally, specific attention should be paid to heterogeneity of the training data (e.g. exposure duration, pH, temperature), since this strongly influences the reliability of the resulting models. Regarding which predictors are useful for explaining differences in species sensitivity, we review interspecies-correlation, relatedness-based, traits-based, and genomic-based extrapolation methods, describing the amount of mechanistic information the predictors contain, the amount of input data the models require, and the extent to which the different methods provide protection for ecological entities. We develop a conceptual framework, incorporating the strengths of each of the methods described. Finally, the discussion of statistical considerations reveals that regardless of the method used, statistically significant models can be found, although the usefulness, applicability, and understanding of these models varies considerably. We therefore recommend publication of scientific code along with scientific studies to simultaneously clarify modelling choices and enable elaboration on existing work. In general, this review specifies the data requirements of different cross-species extrapolation methods, aiming to make regulators and publishers more aware that access to raw- and meta-data needs to be improved to make future cross-species extrapolation efforts successful, enabling their integration into the regulatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J P van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Lorraine Maltby
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Sinclair
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ruoyu Liang
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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14
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Wiberg-Larsen P, Nørum U, Rasmussen JJ. Repeated insecticide pulses increase harmful effects on stream macroinvertebrate biodiversity and function. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 273:116404. [PMID: 33460872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We exposed twelve mesocosm stream channels and four instream channels to one, two, and four pulses of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (0.1 μg L-1) applied at two day intervals, each pulse lasting 90 min. Unexposed controls were included. We monitored macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition in the channels and in deployed leaf packs one day before and 29 days after the first exposure. Further, we measured drift in and out of the channels and leaf litter decomposition. Lambda-cyhalothrin exposures induced significantly increased drift in both experiments especially for Gammarus pulex, Amphinemura standfussi, and Leuctra spp. Macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition increasingly changed with increasing number of lambda-cyhalothrin exposures being most pronounced in the mesocosm channels. Further, leaf decomposition significantly decreased with increasing number of exposures in the mesocosm channels. Our study showed that species with predicted highest sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin were primary drivers of significant changes in taxonomic composition lasting for at least one month despite continuous recolonization of exposed channels from upstream parts of the natural stream and from the water inlet in the mesocosm channels. The overall results highlight the importance of sequential exposures to insecticides for understanding the full impact of insecticides on macroinvertebrates at the community level in streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wiberg-Larsen
- Institute for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, D 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Nørum
- Institute for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, D 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark; Nyborg Gymnasium, Skolebakken 13, DK 5800 Nyborg, Denmark
| | - Jes Jessen Rasmussen
- Institute for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, D 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for Freshwater Ecology, Gaustadallèen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Reiber L, Knillmann S, Foit K, Liess M. Species occurrence relates to pesticide gradient in streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:138807. [PMID: 32474246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater communities are threatened worldwide, with pesticides being one of the main stressors for vulnerable invertebrates. Whereas the effects of pesticides on communities can be quantified by trait-based bioindicators such as SPEARpesticides, single species' responses remain largely unknown. We used the bioindicator SPEARpesticides to predict the toxic pressure from pesticides in 6942 macroinvertebrate samples from 4147 sites during the period 2004 to 2013, obtained by environmental authorities in Germany, and classified all samples according to their magnitude of pesticide pressure. Along this gradient of pesticide pressure, we quantified the occurrence of 139 macroinvertebrate species. We identified 71 species characterized by decreasing occurrence with increasing pesticide pressure. These 'decreasing species', mainly insects, occurred at a frequency of 19.7% at sites with reference conditions and decreased to 1.7% at sites with the highest pesticide pressure. We further determined 55 'nonspecific species' with no strong response as well as 13 'increasing species', mainly Gastropoda, Oligochaeta and Diptera, which showed an increase of frequency from 1.8% at sites with reference conditions to 11.4% at sites with the highest pesticide pressure. Based on the change in frequency we determined the pesticide vulnerability of single species, expressed as Pesticide Associated Response (PARe). Furthermore, a trait analysis revealed that species' occurrence may additionally depend on oxygen demand and, to a lesser extent on substrate preference, whereas no significant effect of feeding and respiration type could be found. Our results provide the first extensive pesticide vulnerability ranking for single macroinvertebrate species based on empirical large-scale field data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Reiber
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Saskia Knillmann
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaarina Foit
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Tran TT, Dinh Van K, Janssens L, Stoks R. The effect of warming on pesticide toxicity is reversed between developmental stages in the mosquito Culex pipiens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:134811. [PMID: 31836210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of interactions between pesticides and warming is important to improve ecological risk assessment in a warming world. Current insights are almost exclusively based on studies that exposed animals simultaneously to both warming and a pesticide and focused on effects during the pesticide exposure period and within a single developmental stage. We studied two ignored aspects of the interplay between warming and pesticide exposure: (i) the role of delayed effects after the pesticide exposure period, and (ii) the dependence on the developmental stage. We carried out a longitudinal experiment from the egg stage to the adult stage in the mosquito Culex pipiens where we crossed a warming treatment (20 °C vs 24 °C) with 48 h exposures to the pesticide chlorpyrifos in three developmental stages (early L1 larvae, late L4 larvae and adults). Chlorpyrifos induced mild to moderate mortality in all developmental stages (10-30%). A key finding was that warming shaped the chlorpyrifos-induced mortality but in opposite directions between stages. Chlorpyrifos was 7% less toxic under warming in L1 larvae, yet more toxic under warming in L4 larvae (22%) and in adult males (33%), while toxicity did not change under warming in adult females. We hypothesize that the general, stage-specific differences in the effects of warming on body size (increased size in early larvae, decreased size in later stages) caused the reversal of the effects of warming on toxicity between stages. Previous larval exposure to chlorpyrifos caused delayed effects that strongly reduced survival to the adult stage (̰25% at 24 °C). Notably, warming also modulated these delayed mortality effects in opposite ways between developmental stages, matching the patterns of mortality during the pesticide exposure periods. Integrating the general stage-specific patterns of how warming shapes body size is important to advance our mechanistic understanding of the interactions between pesticides and warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T Tran
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Viet nam.
| | - Khuong Dinh Van
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Viet nam; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Dalhoff K, Hansen AMB, Rasmussen JJ, Focks A, Strobel BW, Cedergreen N. Linking Morphology, Toxicokinetic, and Toxicodynamic Traits of Aquatic Invertebrates to Pyrethroid Sensitivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5687-5699. [PMID: 32227918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are known to be highly toxic to most aquatic nontarget organisms, but little is known about the mechanisms causing some species to be highly sensitive while others are hardly affected by the pyrethroids. The aim of the present study was to measure the sensitivity (EC50-values) of 10 aquatic invertebrates toward a 24 h pulse of the pyrethroid cypermethrin and subsequently test if the difference in sensitivity could be explained by measured morphological and physiological traits and modeled toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) parameters. Large differences were observed for the measured uptake and elimination kinetics, with bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranging from 53 to 2337 at the end of the exposure. Similarly, large differences were observed for the TDs, and EC50-values after 168 h varied 120-fold. Modeling the whole organism cypermethrin concentrations indicated compartmentation into a sorbed fraction and two internal fractions: a bioavailable and non-bioavailable internal fraction. Strong correlations between surface/volume area and the TK parameters (sorption and uptake rate constants and the resulting BCF) were found, but none of the TK parameters correlated with sensitivity. The only parameter consistently correlating with sensitivity across all species was the killing rate constant of the GUTS-RED-SD model (the reduced general unified threshold models of survival assuming stochastic death), indicating that sensitivity toward cypermethrin is more related to the TD parameters than to TK parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Dalhoff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anna M B Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jes J Rasmussen
- Department of Bioscience-Stream and Wetland Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Focks
- Team Environmental Risk Assessment, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), P.O. Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarne W Strobel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nina Cedergreen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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18
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Bruus M, Rasmussen JJ, Strandberg M, Strandberg B, Sørensen PB, Larsen SE, Kjær C, Lorenz S, Wiberg-Larsen P. Terrestrial adult stages of freshwater insects are sensitive to insecticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124799. [PMID: 31518926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial adult stages of freshwater insects may be exposed to pesticides by wind drift, over-spray, contact or feeding. However, studies addressing insecticide effects on freshwater invertebrates focus primarily on the impact of pesticides reaching the streams and potentially harming the aquatic juvenile stages. This is also reflected in the current risk assessment procedures, which do not include testing of adult freshwater insects. In order to assess the potential impact of insecticides on adult stages of freshwater insects, we exposed six common species to the insecticides Karate (lambda-cyhalothrin) and Confidor (imidacloprid). Dose-response relations were established, and LD50 estimates were compared to those of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), which is the standard terrestrial test insect when pesticides are evaluated prior to commercial release. Generally, the tested species were more sensitive to the studied insecticides than the honey bee. In order to examine whether the sensitivity of adult stages of freshwater insects corresponds with the sensitivity of the juvenile stages of the same species, the ranking of the two life stages with respect to the toxicity of Karate was compared, revealing some correspondence, but also some dissimilarities. Our results strongly indicate that terrestrial adult stages of aquatic insects are not adequately protected by current risk assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bruus
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Jes Jessen Rasmussen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Morten Strandberg
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Beate Strandberg
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Peter Borgen Sørensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Søren Erik Larsen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Christian Kjær
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Stefan Lorenz
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Wiberg-Larsen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
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19
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Verheyen J, Stoks R. Shrinking Body Size and Physiology Contribute to Geographic Variation and the Higher Toxicity of Pesticides in a Warming World. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11515-11523. [PMID: 31498598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To improve current and future risk assessment of pesticides under global warming, mechanistic insights and consideration of daily temperature fluctuations (DTFs) are needed. One overlooked mechanism how both higher mean temperatures and DTFs may increase toxicity is by reducing body size (temperature-size-rule). We studied whether a higher mean temperature and DTF magnified chlorpyrifos toxicity in Ischnura elegans damselfly larvae, and whether this was mediated by temperature-induced reductions in body size and/or physiological changes. The lethal effects of chlorpyrifos were magnified at the high mean temperature (up to ∼15%) and under DTF (up to ∼33%), and especially at their combination (up to ∼46%) indicating synergisms. This highlights that not only considering DTFs, but also their interaction with higher mean temperatures is pivotal for realistic predictions of pesticide toxicity. Both higher temperatures and DTFs resulted in smaller larvae, which were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos. Notably, the DTF-induced smaller body sizes, as well as the higher oxidative damage to lipids, contributed to the higher chlorpyrifos toxicity under DTF. By integrating the temperature-size rule and size-pesticide sensitivity pattern we provide proof-of-principle for a novel, likely general mechanism contributing to geographic variation and the higher toxicity of pesticides in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology , University of Leuven , Charles Deberiotstraat 32 , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology , University of Leuven , Charles Deberiotstraat 32 , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
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20
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Wang S, Li H, You J. Enantioselective degradation and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated fipronil in Lumbriculus variegatus: Toxicokinetic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:335-341. [PMID: 30959300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective degradation and biotransformation are critical processes affecting the bioaccumulation and toxicity of chiral pesticides in the environment. In the present study, enantioselective uptake, biotransformation and elimination of a current use pesticide, fipronil in a benthic invertebrate, Lumbriculus variegatus were assessed using a sediment bioaccumulation test. Toxicokinetic models were constructed to quantitatively describe kinetic processes of fipronil enantiomers. The degradation of fipronil in sediment significantly affected chemical uptake, thus degradation kinetic model was incorporated into toxicokinetic modeling. It was shown that S-(+)-fipronil degraded faster than R-(-)-fipronil in sediment, with dissipation rate constants being 0.090 ± 0.008 and 0.023 ± 0.006 1/d, respectively. As a result, R-(-)-enantiomer preferentially accumulated in sediment over time. Similarly, higher concentrations of R-(-)-fipronil were detected in L. variegatus compared with S-(+)-fipronil. Toxicokinetic modeling showed R-(-)-fipronil had larger uptake and elimination rate coefficients and apparent maximum reaction rate, but a smaller apparent half-saturation constant than S-(+)-fipronil. Preferential uptake of R-(-)-fipronil from sediment to L. variegatus was the main reason for greater R-(-)-fipronil concentrations in organism. Biotransformation of fipronil in L. variegatus was also enantioselective, yet it played fewer roles on enantioselective bioaccumulation than uptake. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of selective degradation, uptake and biotransformation of sediment-associated fipronil on its enantioselective bioaccumulation in benthic invertebrates, which helps to improve the accuracy for assessing aquatic toxicity of the chiral pesticide. CAPSULE: Enantioselective bioaccumulation of sediment-associated fipronil in Lumbriculus variegatus was quantitatively explained by selective degradation, uptake, biotransformation and elimination parameters using a combination of degradation and toxicokinetic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China; School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Rybicki M, Jungmann D. Direct and indirect effects of pesticides on a benthic grazer during its life cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:35. [PMID: 30294514 PMCID: PMC6153858 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroinvertebrates in aquatic ecosystems are repeatedly exposed to pesticides during their life cycle. Effects of consecutive exposure during different life stages and possible synergistic effects are not addressed in the standardized hazard assessment. The present study investigated two environmentally relevant exposure scenarios in batch (microcosm) and artificial indoor stream (mesocosm) experiments using the larvae of the mayfly Rhithrogena semicolorata (grazer) and natural aufwuchs. Grazers were analysed regarding growth, physiological condition, and drift behaviour, while the aufwuchs was analysed in terms of biomass using the particulate organic carbon as well as the chlorophyll a content. The aim was to reveal direct and indirect effects of an herbicide exposure during autumn on juvenile grazers and an insecticide exposure during spring on semi-juvenile grazers. RESULTS Direct and indirect effects were found in both exposure scenarios at environmentally relevant concentrations. In the herbicide exposure scenario with terbutryn, clear direct effects on the aufwuchs community with a LOEC of 0.38 µg L-1 were found. Effect levels of grazers due to indirect effects were equal, with the overnight drift being the most sensitive grazer endpoint. In the insecticide exposure scenario, clear lethal and sub lethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin were evident. Derived LC50 values for the artificial indoor stream and batch experiment were 2.42 µg g-1 OC (69 days) and 1.2 µg g-1 OC (28 days), respectively. Sub lethal effects in terms of increased drift as well-reduced growth and triglyceride levels were found at concentrations of 1.4 and 0.09 µg g-1 OC (LOECs). These results were confirmed by the batch experiment, which revealed effect values in the similar range. Finally, a clear indirect effect of the insecticide on the aufwuchs was evident in the batch experiment with an LOEC at 0.9 µg g-1 OC. CONCLUSION Toxicity Exposure Ratios calculated with the derived effect values indicate a risk for the investigated grazer by both pesticides. Moreover, observed indirect effects during the herbicide exposure seem to be able to affect the grazers during a second exposure with an insecticide, due to reduced physiological conditions. We suggest further research with time-shifted exposure scenarios to gain a better understanding of the complex interactions of pesticides with the life cycle and the food webs of macroinvertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Rybicki
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Jungmann
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Villa S, Di Nica V, Pescatore T, Bellamoli F, Miari F, Finizio A, Lencioni V. Comparison of the behavioural effects of pharmaceuticals and pesticides on Diamesa zernyi larvae (Chironomidae). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:130-139. [PMID: 29554561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the presence of contaminants in Alpine aquatic ecosystems. Even if measured concentrations are far below those that cause acute effects, continuous exposure to sub-lethal concentrations may have detrimental effects on the aquatic species present in these remote environments. This may lead to a cascade of indirect effects at higher levels of the ecological hierarchy (i.e., the community). To improve the determination of ecologically relevant risk endpoints, behavioural alterations in organisms due to pollutants are increasingly studied in ecotoxicology. In fact, behaviour links physiological function with ecological processes, and can be very sensitive to environmental stimuli and chemical exposure. This is the first study on behavioural alteration in a wild population of an Alpine species. In the present study, a video tracking system was standardized and subsequently used to identify contaminant-induced behavioural alterations in Diamesa zernyi larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Diamesa zernyi larvae, collected in an Italian Alpine stream (Rio Presena, Trentino Region), were acclimated for 24 h and successively exposed to several aquatic contaminants (pesticides: chlorpyrifos, metolachlor, boscalid, captan; pharmaceuticals: ibuprofen, furosemide, trimethoprim) at concentrations corresponding to their Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC). After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure, changes in the distance moved, the average speed, and the frequency of body bends were taken to reflect contaminant- and time-dependent effects on larval behaviour. In general, metolachlor, captan, and trimethoprim tended to reduce all the endpoints under consideration, whereas chlorpyrifos, boscalid, ibuprofen, and furosemide seemed to increase the distances moved by the larvae. This could be related to the different mechanisms of action of the investigated chemicals. Independently of the contaminant, after 72 h a general slowing down of all the behavioural activities occurred. Finally, we propose a behavioural stress indicator to compare the overall behavioural effects induced by the various contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Villa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Nica
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Tanita Pescatore
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellamoli
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Miari
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonio Finizio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Lencioni
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy.
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Dalhoff K, Gottardi M, Rinnan Å, Rasmussen JJ, Cedergreen N. Seasonal sensitivity of Gammarus pulex towards the pyrethroid cypermethrin. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:632-640. [PMID: 29510371 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic toxicity of insecticides like the pyrethroids have been discussed intensively over the recent years especially in relation to risk assessment and how seasonality may or may not affect the sensitivity of non-target organisms. To address this issue, the crustacean Gammarus pulex was collected once a month for 16 months and acclimated to 10 °C for four days before being exposed to a 90 min pulse of cypermethrin. In vitro cytochrome P450 activity, total lipid content, total protein content, and dry weight were measured in male and female gammarids from each sampling date and used along with the water temperature as variables for sensitivity prediction by Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models. The 24 h EC50-values varied more than 30 fold across the sampling period from 0.21 ± 0.05 μg L-1 (April 2015) to 6.60 ± 3.46 μg L-1 (October 2015), indicating seasonal variances in the acute sensitivity of G. pulex towards cypermethrin. After 168 h of recovery this difference in EC50-values was reduced to seven-fold. In both male and female gammarids seasonal patterns were observed in the total lipid content and in vitro CYP P450 activity, which peaked in spring and fall, respectively. The current study shows the importance of reporting time of organism collection and experimental execution for risk assessment of pyrethroids as season is important for the acute sensitivity of G. pulex. We suggest prolonged acclimation times of sampled macroinvertebrates to constant laboratory conditions in order to even out possible seasonal differences in sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Dalhoff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Michele Gottardi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Åsmund Rinnan
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jes Jessen Rasmussen
- Department of Bioscience - Stream and Wetland Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Nina Cedergreen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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24
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Janssens L, Verberk W, Stoks R. A widespread morphological antipredator mechanism reduces the sensitivity to pesticides and increases the susceptibility to warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:1230-1235. [PMID: 29898530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollution and predation are two omnipresent stressors in aquatic systems that can interact in multiple ways, thereby challenging accurate assessment of the effects of pollutants in natural systems. Despite the widespread occurrence of morphological antipredator mechanisms, no studies have tested how these can affect the sensitivity of prey to pesticides. Sensitivity to pesticides is typically measured via reductions in growth rates and survival, but also reductions in heat tolerance are to be expected and are becoming increasingly important in a warming world. We investigated how autotomy, a widespread morphological antipredator mechanism where animals sacrifice a body part (here the caudal lamellae) to escape when attacked by a predator, modified the sensitivity to the insecticide chlorpyrifos in larvae of the damselfly Coenagrion puella. Exposure to chlorpyrifos reduced the growth rate and heat tolerance (measured as CTmax). A key finding was that the pesticide had a greater impact on growth rates of intact animals, i.e. those that retained their lamellae. This reduced sensitivity to chlorpyrifos in animals without lamellae can be explained by the reduced outer surface area which is expected to result in a lower uptake of the pesticide. Larvae that underwent autotomy exhibited a lower heat tolerance, which may also be explained by the reduced surface area and the associated reduction in oxygen uptake. There is a wide diversity of morphological antipredator mechanisms, suggesting that there will be more examples where these mechanisms affect the vulnerability to pollutants. Given the importance of pollution and predation as structuring forces in aquatic food webs, exploring the potential interactions between morphological antipredator mechanisms and sensitivity to pollutants will be crucial for risk assessment of pollutants in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wilco Verberk
- Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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25
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de Beeck LO, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Strong differences between two congeneric species in sensitivity to pesticides in a warming world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:60-69. [PMID: 29126027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To predict the impact of pesticides in a warming world we need to know how species differ in the interaction pathways between pesticides and warming. Trait-based approaches have been successful in identifying the 'pace of life' and body size as predictors of sensitivity to pesticides among distantly related species. However, it remains to be tested whether these traits allow predicting differences in sensitivity to pesticides between closely related species, and in the strength of the interaction pathways between pesticides and warming. We tested the effects of multiple pulses of chlorpyrifos (allowing accumulation) under warming on key life history traits, heat tolerance (CTmax) and physiology of two congeneric damselfly species: the fast-paced (fast growth and development, high metabolic rate), small Ischnura pumilio and the slow-paced, large I. elegans. Chlorpyrifos reduced survival and growth, but contrary to current trait-based predictions I. pumilio was 8× less sensitive than I. elegans. The lower sensitivity of I. pumilio could be explained by a higher fat content, and higher activities of acetylcholinesterase and of detoxifying and anti-oxidant enzymes. While for I. pumilio the effect of chlorpyrifos was small and did not depend on temperature, for I. elegans the impact was higher at 20°C compared to 24°C. This matches the higher pesticide accumulation in the water after multiple pulses at 20°C than at 24°C. The expected reduction in heat tolerance after pesticide exposure was present in I. elegans but not in I. pumilio. Our results demonstrate that closely related species can have very different sensitivities to a pesticide resulting in species-specific support for the "toxicant-induced climate change sensitivity" and the "climate-induced toxicant sensitivity" interaction pathways. Our results highlight that trait-based approaches can be strengthened by integrating physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Op de Beeck
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Baattrup-Pedersen A, Larsen SE, Andersen DK, Jepsen N, Nielsen J, Rasmussen JJ. Headwater streams in the EU Water Framework Directive: Evidence-based decision support to select streams for river basin management plans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:1048-1054. [PMID: 28950667 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Headwater streams are important contributors to aquatic biodiversity and may counteract negative impacts of anthropogenic stress on downstream reaches. In Denmark, the first river basin management plan (RBMP) included streams of all size categories, most being <2.5m wide (headwater streams). Currently, however, it is intensely debated whether the small size and low slopes, typical of Danish streams, in combination with degraded habitat conditions obstruct their ability to fulfill the ecological quality objectives required by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). The purpose of this study was to provide an analytically based framework for guiding the selection of headwater streams for RBMP. Specifically, the following hypotheses were addressed: i) stream slope, width, planform, and general physical habitat quality can act as criteria for selecting streams for the next generation of RBMPs, and ii) probability-based thresholds for reaching good ecological status can be established for some or all of these criteria, thus creating a sound, scientifically based, and clear selection process. The hypotheses were tested using monitoring data on Danish streams from the period 2004-2015. Significant linear relationships were obtained between the ecological quality ratio assessed by applying the Danish Stream Fauna Index (DSFIEQR) and stream slope, width, sinuosity, and DHI. The obtained models were used to produce pressure-response curves describing the probability of achieving good ecological status along gradients in these parameters. Next, threshold values for slope, width, sinuosity, and DHI were identified for selected probabilities of achieving minimum good ecological status. The obtained results can support managers and policy makers in prioritizing headwater streams for the 3rd RBMP. The approach applied is broadly applicable and can, for instance, help prioritization of restoration and conservation efforts in different types of ecosystems where the biota can be significantly linked to separate and quantifiable environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Søren E Larsen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsoevej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Dagmar K Andersen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsoevej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Jepsen
- DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Vejlsoevej 39, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jan Nielsen
- DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Vejlsoevej 39, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jes J Rasmussen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsoevej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
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27
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Finotello S, Feckler A, Bundschuh M, Johansson F. Repeated pulse exposures to lambda-cyhalothrin affect the behavior, physiology, and survival of the damselfly larvae Ischnura graellsii (Insecta; Odonata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:107-114. [PMID: 28601515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Damselflies form an essential part of the aquatic and terrestrial food web. Pesticides may, however, negatively affect their behavior, physiology, and survival. To assess this, a 42-day-lasting bioassay was conducted, during which damselfly larvae (Ischnura graellsii; n = 20) were repeatedly exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin (3 days at; 0, 10, 50, 250, 1250, and 6250ng LCH L-1), followed by recovery phases (4 days) in pesticide-free medium for six weeks. This exposure design was used to simulate frequent runoff events in the field. Variables related to the behavior (strikes against prey and capture success), growth, physiology (lipid content and fatty acid composition), as well as mortality were assessed throughout the experiment. The two highest LCH concentrations induced 100% mortality within the first 48h, whereas 85% of the test organisms survived 28 days under control conditions. The number of strikes against prey was not affected by LCH. In contrast, prey capture success decreased significantly (up to ~50% at 250ng LCH L-1, for instance, after the third pulse exposure) following LCH-exposures compared to the control. This difference was not observed after recovery phases, however, which did not counteract the enhanced energy demand for detoxification and defense mechanisms indicated by a lower growth rate (up to ~20%) and lipid content (up to ~30%) of damselflies at 50 and 250ng LCH L-1. In addition, two essential fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid) and two precursors (linolenic acid and α-linolenic acid) decreased in their concentrations upon exposure towards 250ng LCH L-1. Thus the results of this study indicate that long-term exposure towards LCH pulses can affect damselfly behavior, physiology and survival. Given the essential role of damselflies in food web dynamics, these effects may potentially translate into local population impairments with subsequent bottom-up directed effects within and across ecosystem boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Finotello
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Feckler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Johansson
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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28
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Hunt L, Bonetto C, Marrochi N, Scalise A, Fanelli S, Liess M, Lydy MJ, Chiu MC, Resh VH. Species at Risk (SPEAR) index indicates effects of insecticides on stream invertebrate communities in soy production regions of the Argentine Pampas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:699-709. [PMID: 27986319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated relationships among insecticides and aquatic invertebrate communities in 22 streams of two soy production regions of the Argentine Pampas over three growing seasons. Chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin were the insecticides most frequently detected in stream sediments. The Species at Risk (SPEAR) pesticide bioassessment index (SPEARpesticides) was adapted and applied to evaluate relationships between sediment insecticide toxic units (TUs) and invertebrate communities associated with both benthic habitats and emergent vegetation habitats. SPEARpesticides was the only response metric that was significantly correlated with total insecticide TU values for all three averaged data sets, consistently showing a trend of decreasing values with increasing TU values (r2=0.35 to 0.42, p-value=0.001 to 0.03). Although pyrethroids were the insecticides that contributed the highest TU values, toxicity calculated based on all insecticides was better at predicting changes in invertebrate communities than toxicity of pyrethroids alone. Crustaceans, particularly the amphipod Hyalella spp., which are relatively sensitive to pesticides, played a large role in the performance of SPEARpesticides, and the relative abundance of all crustaceans also showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing insecticide TUs for two of three data sets (r2=0.30 to 0.57, p-value=0.003 to 0.04) examined. For all data sets, total insecticide TU was the most important variable in explaining variance in the SPEARpesticides index. The present study was the first application of the SPEAR index in South America, and the first one to use it to evaluate effects of pesticides on invertebrate communities associated with aquatic vegetation. Although the SPEAR index was developed in Europe, it performed well in the Argentine Pampas with only minor modifications, and would likely improve in performance as more data are obtained on traits of South American taxa, such as pesticide sensitivity and generation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hunt
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
| | - C Bonetto
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Marrochi
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Scalise
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - S Fanelli
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, System-Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - M-C Chiu
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - V H Resh
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
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29
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Li H, Wang X, Wang Z, Jiang J, Qiao Y, Wei M, Yan Y, Li C. A high-performance SERS-imprinted sensor doped with silver particles of different surface morphologies for selective detection of pyrethroids in rivers. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02811c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ag-MIPs were prepared through a multistep procedure, in which MPS and LC were selected as the template molecules. These materials could selectively rebind the templates and could be detected using Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Zirun Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
| | - Maobin Wei
- College of Physics
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
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30
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Rogers HA, Schmidt TS, Dabney BL, Hladik ML, Mahler BJ, Van Metre PC. Bifenthrin Causes Trophic Cascade and Altered Insect Emergence in Mesocosms: Implications for Small Streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11974-11983. [PMID: 27731978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct and indirect ecological effects of the widely used insecticide bifenthrin on stream ecosystems are largely unknown. To investigate such effects, a manipulative experiment was conducted in stream mesocosms that were colonized by aquatic insect communities and exposed to bifenthrin-contaminated sediment; implications for natural streams were interpreted through comparison of mesocosm results to a survey of 100 Midwestern streams, USA. In the mesocosm experiment, direct effects of bifenthrin exposure included reduced larval macroinvertebrate abundance, richness, and biomass at concentrations (EC50's ranged from 197.6 to 233.5 ng bifenthrin/g organic carbon) previously thought safe for aquatic life. Indirect effects included a trophic cascade in which periphyton abundance increased after macroinvertebrate scrapers decreased. Adult emergence dynamics and corresponding terrestrial subsidies were altered at all bifenthrin concentrations tested. Extrapolating these results to the Midwestern stream assessment suggests pervasive ecological effects, with altered emergence dynamics likely in 40% of streams and a trophic cascade in 7% of streams. This study provides new evidence that a common pyrethroid might alter aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem function at the regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Rogers
- U.S. Geological Survey , Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg. C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
| | - Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey , Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg. C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
- U.S. Geological Survey , Colorado Water Science Center, Lakewood, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Brittanie L Dabney
- U.S. Geological Survey , Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg. C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey , California Water Science Center, Sacramento, California 95819, United States
| | - Barbara J Mahler
- U.S. Geological Survey , Texas Water Science Center, Austin, Texas 78754, United States
| | - Peter C Van Metre
- U.S. Geological Survey , Texas Water Science Center, Austin, Texas 78754, United States
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Pristed MJS, Bundschuh M, Rasmussen JJ. Multiple exposure routes of a pesticide exacerbate effects on a grazing mayfly. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 178:190-196. [PMID: 27517499 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic pesticides such as pyrethroid insecticides tend to occur in their soluble form mainly as transient pulses in streams. In addition, they are regularly detected in significant quantities adsorbed to stream sediments and other organic in-stream structures. Consequently, stream biota is likely subjected to pesticide exposure via multiple routes. In this study we aimed at investigating the influence of exposure routes for the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin on the grazing mayfly Heptagenia sulphurea. Therefore, H. sulphurea was exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin via single- (water or biofilm) or biphasic exposure (water and biofilm) at environmentally realistic concentrations (0, 0.1, 1μgL(-1)) and exposure duration (2h) in a full factorial design (n=5). Mortality, moulting frequency, and biofilm accrual (proxy for feeding rate) were recorded subsequent to a 7 d post exposure period. Mortality significantly increased and moulting frequency significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin in the water phase whereas exposure via biofilm prompted no significant effects on these endpoints (α=0.05). Effect predictions systematically underestimated and overestimated effects for mortality and moulting frequency, respectively. Similarly, mayfly feeding rate was significantly reduced by water phase exposure whereas pre-exposed biofilm did not significantly affect this variable. However, we found a significant but non-systematic interaction between water phase and biofilm exposure on mayfly feeding rate. Our results show that exposure to the same pesticide via multiple exposure routes may increase the magnitude of effects beyond the level predicted from single phase exposures which has clear implications for the aquatic risk assessment of hydrophobic pesticides. However, our results additionally reveal that interactions between pesticide exposure routes may vary between selected dependent variables. We emphasize that unravelling the underlying mechanisms causing these discrepancies in interactive effects between exposure routes is a major aspect that should receive further attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Jes Jessen Rasmussen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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