1
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Masiala A, Vingadassalon A, Aurore G. Polyphenols in edible plant leaves: an overview of their occurrence and health properties. Food Funct 2024; 15:6847-6882. [PMID: 38853513 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Edible plant leaves (EPLs) constitute a major renewable functional plant biomass available all year round, providing an essential source of polyphenols in the global diet. Polyphenols form a large family of antioxidant molecules. They protect against the harmful effects of free radicals, strengthen immunity and stimulate the body's natural defenses thanks to their antibacterial and antiviral functions. This study refers to phenolic compounds from 50 edible plant leaves divided into four categories: green leafy vegetables, underutilized leafy vegetables, leafy spices and leafy drinks. It provides data on the identification, occurrence and pharmacological functions of polyphenols contained in EPLs, and provides a better understanding of trends and gaps in their consumption and study. Certain EPLs, such as moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and several leafy spices of the Lamiaceae family, reveal important characteristics and therapeutic potential. The polyphenol composition of EPLs makes them functional plants that offer relevant solutions in the fight against obesity, the management of food insecurity and the prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Masiala
- Université des Antilles, COVACHIM M2E (EA 3592), UFR SEN, Campus de Fouillole, F-97 110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
| | - Audrey Vingadassalon
- Université des Antilles, COVACHIM M2E (EA 3592), UFR SEN, Campus de Fouillole, F-97 110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
| | - Guylène Aurore
- Université des Antilles, COVACHIM M2E (EA 3592), UFR SEN, Campus de Fouillole, F-97 110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
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2
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Chu C, Ru H, Chen Y, Xu J, Wang C, Jin Y. Gallic acid attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:905-915. [PMID: 38516705 PMCID: PMC11214974 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammatory synergistic effects and excessive tissue injury. Gallic acid (GA) is renowned for its remarkable biological activity, encompassing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the underlying mechanisms by which GA protects against intestinal inflammation have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of GA on the inflammation of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) and on the intestinal barrier dysfunction, and explore the underlying molecular mechanism involved. Our findings demonstrate that 5 μg/mL GA restores the downregulation of the mRNA and protein levels of Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 and decreases the expressions of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α induced by LPS. In addition, GA exhibits a protective effect by reducing the LPS-enhanced early and late apoptotic ratios, downregulating the mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic factors ( Bax, Bad, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9), and upregulating the mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 in Caco-2 cells. GA also reduces the levels of reactive oxygen species increased by LPS and restores the activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the level of glutathione. More importantly, GA exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the LPS-induced phosphorylation of key signaling molecules in the NF-κB/MAPK pathway, including p65, IκB-α, p38, JNK, and ERK, in Caco-2 cells. Overall, our findings show that GA increases the expressions of tight junction proteins, reduces cell apoptosis, relieves oxidative stress and suppresses the activation of the NF-κB/MAPK pathway to reduce LPS-induced intestinal inflammation in Caco-2 cells, indicating that GA has potential as a therapeutic agent for intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chu
- />College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Huan Ru
- />College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Yuyan Chen
- />College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- />College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Caihong Wang
- />College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- />College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
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3
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Minj J, Riordan J, Teets C, Fernholz-Hartman H, Tanggono A, Lee Y, Chauvin T, Carbonero F, Solverson P. Diet-Induced Rodent Obesity Is Prevented and the Fecal Microbiome Is Improved with Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis) Juice Powder. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12555-12565. [PMID: 38776153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich edible berries protect against diet-induced obesity in animal models. Prevention is mediated through the bidirectional relationship with the fecal microbiome, and gut-derived phenolic metabolite absorption increases with physical activity, which may influence bioactivity. The objective of this study was to test elderberry juice powder on the development of diet-induced obesity and its influence on the fecal microbiome alone or in combination with physical activity. Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to one of four treatments, including (1) high-fat diet without wheel access; (2) high-fat diet with unlimited wheel access; (3) high-fat diet supplemented with 10% elderberry juice powder without wheel access; and (4) high-fat diet supplemented with 10% elderberry juice powder with unlimited wheel access. Body weight gain, fat pads, and whole-body fat content in mice fed elderberry juice were significantly less than in mice fed the control diet independent of wheel access. At the end of the study, active mice fed elderberry juice ate significantly more than active mice fed a control diet. There was no difference in the physical activity between active groups. Elderberry juice increasedBifidobacterium, promotedAkkermansia and Anaeroplasma, and prevented the growth of Desulfovibrio. Elderberry juice is a potent inhibitor of diet-induced obesity with action mediated by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagrani Minj
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Joseph Riordan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Christy Teets
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Hadyn Fernholz-Hartman
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Alfian Tanggono
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Yool Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Theodore Chauvin
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Patrick Solverson
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
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4
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Golubev D, Platonova E, Zemskaya N, Shevchenko O, Shaposhnikov M, Nekrasova P, Patov S, Ibragimova U, Valuisky N, Borisov A, Zhukova X, Sorokina S, Litvinov R, Moskalev A. Berberis vulgaris L. extract supplementation exerts regulatory effects on the lifespan and healthspan of Drosophila through its antioxidant activity depending on the sex. Biogerontology 2024; 25:507-528. [PMID: 38150086 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide the aging population continues to increase, so the concept of healthy longevity medicine has become increasingly significant in modern society. Berberis vulgaris L. fruits serve as a functional food supplement with a high concentration of bioactive compounds, which offer numerous health-promoting benefits. The goal of this study was to investigate the geroprotective effect of Berberis vulgaris L. extract. Here we show that extract of Berberis vulgaris L. can, depending on concentrate, increases lifespan up to 6%, promote healthspan (stress resistance up to 35%, locomotor activity up to 25%, integrity of the intestinal barrier up to 12%, metabolic rate up to 5%) of Drosophila melanogaster (in vitro) and exhibits antioxidant (using red blood cell tests) and antiglycation activity (using glycation of bovine serum albumin) (in vitro). In addition to this, the extract does not exhibit cytotoxic properties in vitro, unlike the well-known polyphenolic compound quercetin. qRT-PCR has revealed the involvement of metabolic, heat shock response and lipid metabolism genes in the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Golubev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167001
| | - Elena Platonova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Nadezhda Zemskaya
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Oksana Shevchenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Polina Nekrasova
- Institute of Chemistry of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Sergey Patov
- Institute of Chemistry of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Umida Ibragimova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400131
| | - Nikita Valuisky
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400131
| | - Alexander Borisov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400131
| | - Xenia Zhukova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400131
| | - Svetlana Sorokina
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400131
| | - Roman Litvinov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400131
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982.
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5
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Martchenko A, Papaelias A, Bolz SS. Physiologic effects of the maqui berry ( Aristotelia chilensis): a focus on metabolic homeostasis. Food Funct 2024; 15:4724-4740. [PMID: 38618933 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and socioeconomic impact of metabolic diseases is rapidly growing. The limited availability of effective and affordable treatments has fuelled interest in the therapeutic potential of natural compounds as they occur in selected food sources. These compounds might help to better manage the current problems of treatment availability, affordability, and adverse effects that, in combination, limit treatment duration and efficacy at present. Specifically, berries garnered interest given a strong epidemiological link between their consumption and improved metabolic functions, making the analysis of their phytochemical composition and the identification and characterization of biologically active ingredients an emerging area of research. In this regard, the present review focuses on the South American maqui berry Aristotelia chilensis, which has been extensively used by the indigenous Mapuche population for generations to treat a variety of disease conditions. An overview of the maqui plant composition precedes a review of pre-clinical and clinical studies that investigated the effects of maqui berries and their major components on metabolic homeostasis. The final part of the review highlights possible technologies to conserve maqui berry structural and functional integrity during passage through the small intestine, ultimately aiming to augment their systemic and luminal bioavailability and biological effects. The integration of the various aspects discussed herein can assist in the development of effective maqui-based therapies to benefit the growing population of metabolically compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Martchenko
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Papaelias
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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6
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Li F, Sun Q, Chen L, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Unlocking the health potential of anthocyanins: a structural insight into their varied biological effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38494796 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2328176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have become increasingly important to the food industry due to their colorant features and many health-promoting activities. Numerous studies have linked anthocyanins to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic properties, as well as protection against heart disease, certain types of cancer, and a reduced risk of diabetes and cognitive disorders. Anthocyanins from various foods may exhibit distinct biological and health-promoting activities owing to their structural diversity. In this review, we have collected and tabulated the key information from various recent published studies focusing on investigating the chemical structure effect of anthocyanins on their stability, antioxidant activities, in vivo fate, and changes in the gut microbiome. This information should be valuable in comprehending the connection between the molecular structure and biological function of anthocyanins, with the potential to enhance their application as both colorants and functional compounds in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Quancai Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Long Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zipei Zhang
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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7
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Milhem F, Skates E, Wilson M, Komarnytsky S. Obesity-Resistant Mice on a High-Fat Diet Display a Distinct Phenotype Linked to Enhanced Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2024; 16:171. [PMID: 38202000 PMCID: PMC10780630 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Individually, metabolic variations can significantly influence predisposition to obesity in the form of the obesity-prone (super-responders) and obesity-resistant (non-responders) phenotypes in response to modern calorie-dense diets. In this study, C57BL/6J mice (n = 76) were randomly assigned to either a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks, followed by selection of the normally obese (HFD), non-responders (NR), super-responders (SR), or super-responders switched back to the low-fat diet (SR-LFD) for an additional 8 weeks. SR mice showed the highest gains in body weight, lean and fat body mass, and total and free water, in part due to increased feed efficiency, despite having a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) similar to that of NR mice. A switch to the LFD was sufficient to revert most of the observed physiological changes in the SR-LFD mice; however, voluntary physical activity and exercise capacity did not return to the basal level. NR mice showed the highest food intake, lowest feed efficiency, increased oxygen consumption during the light (rest) cycle, increased physical activity during the dark (active) cycle, and increased heat production during both cycles. These variations were observed in the absence of changes in food intake and fecal parameters; however, NR fecal lipid content was lower, and the NR fecal microbiome profile was characterized by reduced abundance of Actinobacteria. Taken together, our findings suggest that NR mice showed an increased ability to metabolize excessive dietary fats in skeletal muscle at the expense of reduced exercise capacity that persisted for the duration of the study. These findings underscore the need for further comprehensive investigations into the mechanisms of obesity resistance, as they hold potential implications for weight-loss strategies in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Milhem
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, NC State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, 317 Airport Road, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Emily Skates
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Mickey Wilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, NC State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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8
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Jaafar MH, Xu P, Mageswaran UM, Balasubramaniam SD, Solayappan M, Woon JJ, Teh CSJ, Todorov SD, Park YH, Liu G, Liong MT. Constipation anti-aging effects by dairy-based lactic acid bacteria. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:178-203. [PMID: 38618031 PMCID: PMC11007456 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Constipation, which refers to difficulties in defecation and infrequent bowel movement in emptying the gastrointestinal system that ultimately produces hardened fecal matters, is a health concern in livestock and aging animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of dairy-isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to alleviate constipation as an alternative therapeutic intervention for constipation treatment in the aging model. Rats were aged via daily subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (600 mg/body weight [kg]), prior to induction of constipation via oral administration of loperamide hydrochloride (5 mg/body weight [kg]). LAB strains (L. fermentum USM 4189 or L. plantarum USM 4187) were administered daily via oral gavage (1 × 10 Log CFU/day) while the control group received sterile saline. Aged rats as shown with shorter telomere lengths exhibited increased fecal bulk and soften fecal upon administration of LAB strains amid constipation as observed using the Bristol Stool Chart, accompanied by a higher fecal moisture content as compared to the control (p < 0.05). Fecal water-soluble metabolite profiles showed a reduced concentration of threonine upon administration of LAB strains compared to the control (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis also showed that the administration of LAB strains contributed to a higher colonic goblet cell count as compared to the control (p < 0.05). The present study illustrates the potential of dairy-sourced LAB strains as probiotics to ameliorate the adverse effect of constipation amid aging, and as a potential dietary intervention strategy for dairy foods including yogurt and cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafis Jaafar
- Bioprocess Technology, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
11800, Malaysia
| | - Pei Xu
- Bioprocess Technology, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
11800, Malaysia
- Faculty of Cuisine, Sichuan Tourism
University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Uma-Mageswary Mageswaran
- Bioprocess Technology, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
11800, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Jia-Jie Woon
- Department of Medical Microbiology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,
Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan-Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,
Malaysia
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Department of Food Science and
Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Guoxia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial
Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- CAS-TWAS Centre of Excellence for
Biotechnology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- Bioprocess Technology, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation
Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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9
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Deepa P, Hong M, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. A Review of the Role of an Anthocyanin, Cyanidin-3- O- β-glucoside in Obesity-Related Complications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3889. [PMID: 38005786 PMCID: PMC10675560 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health issue worldwide and obese individuals possess higher levels of adipose tissue when compared with healthy individuals. Obesity is highly associated with the development of different chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancers, etc. Previous studies established that anthocyanin compounds play an important role in attenuating obesity-related consequences. Among various anthocyanin compounds, cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) is the most important component and is widely distributed in various colored edible plant materials, especially berries, cherries, black rice, purple corn, etc. In recent decades, several studies have reported the therapeutical properties of C3G. C3G has various biological properties and health benefits, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, anticancer, etc. In this review, we summarized the in vitro and in vivo studies in relation to the role of C3G in obesity-related complications. Several mechanistic studies demonstrated that C3G maintains the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and lipids by regulating different genes and signaling pathways. It could be concluded that the consumption of C3G protects healthy individuals from obesity-related issues by maintaining body weight and regulating their metabolism and energy balance. This review provides some important signaling pathways/targets of C3G to facilitate the prevention and treatment of obesity, leading to the development of important food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (P.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Minji Hong
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (P.D.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (P.D.); (M.H.)
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10
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Li Q, Zhang F, Wang Z, Feng Y, Han Y. Advances in the Preparation, Stability, Metabolism, and Physiological Roles of Anthocyanins: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3969. [PMID: 37959087 PMCID: PMC10647620 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural flavonoid polyphenolic compounds widely found in fruits and vegetables. They exhibit antioxidant properties and prophylactic effects in the immune and cardiovascular systems, confer protection against cancer, and contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, their incorporation into functional foods, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and cosmetic formulations aims at promoting human well-being. This review comprehensively outlined the structural attributes of anthocyanins, expanding upon diverse methodologies employed for their extraction and production. Additionally, the stability, metabolic pathways, and manifold physiological functions of anthocyanins were discussed. However, their constrained fat solubility, susceptibility to instability, and restricted bioavailability collectively curtail their applicability and therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, a multidimensional approach was imperative, necessitating the exploration of innovative pathways to surmount these limitations, thereby amplifying the utilitarian significance of anthocyanins and furnishing pivotal support for their continual advancement and broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fengzhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yaoze Feng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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11
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Ijinu TP, De Lellis LF, Shanmugarama S, Pérez-Gregorio R, Sasikumar P, Ullah H, Buccato DG, Di Minno A, Baldi A, Daglia M. Anthocyanins as Immunomodulatory Dietary Supplements: A Nutraceutical Perspective and Micro-/Nano-Strategies for Enhanced Bioavailability. Nutrients 2023; 15:4152. [PMID: 37836436 PMCID: PMC10574533 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential to modulate the immune system. Research has revealed their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which play a crucial role in immune regulation by influencing key immune cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Moreover, ACNs contribute towards maintaining a balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus promoting immune health. Beyond their direct effects on immune cells, ACNs significantly impact gut health and the microbiota, essential factors in immune regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that they positively influence the composition of the gut microbiome, enhancing their immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, these compounds synergize with other bioactive substances, such as vitamins and minerals, further enhancing their potential as immune-supporting dietary supplements. However, detailed clinical studies must fully validate these findings and determine safe dosages across varied populations. Incorporating these natural compounds into functional foods or supplements could revolutionize the management of immune-related conditions. Personalized nutrition and healthcare strategies may be developed to enhance overall well-being and immune resilience by fully understanding the mechanisms underlying the actions of their components. Recent advancements in delivery methods have focused on improving the bioavailability and effectiveness of ACNs, providing promising avenues for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadiyan Parambil Ijinu
- Naturæ Scientific, Kerala University-Business Innovation and Incubation Centre, Kariavattom Campus, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India;
- The National Society of Ethnopharmacology, VRA-179, Mannamoola, Peroorkada P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695005, India
| | - Lorenza Francesca De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Santny Shanmugarama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
- Food and Health Omics Group, Institute of Agroecology and Food, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 32002 Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniele Giuseppe Buccato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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12
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ISHIGURO N, HAYASHI T, OKAYAMA M, YAMAGUCHI T, KOHNO M, KAWAKAMI H, MITSUNAGA T, NAKAMURA K, INAGAKI M. Effects of blackcurrant extract on indole and ammonia productions in an in vitro human fecal culture model. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 43:23-28. [PMID: 38188663 PMCID: PMC10767324 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2022-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Blackcurrant is available as a traditional medicine in Europe. However, the detailed effects of blackcurrant on the human gut microbiota remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the prebiotic effects of a blackcurrant extract using a human fecal culture model in six healthy subjects. Feces were individually inoculated into a medium with or without the blackcurrant extract and then fermented for 48 hr under anaerobic conditions. The results obtained from analysis of samples from the fermented medium demonstrated that after 48 hr of fermentation, the pH of the medium with the blackcurrant extract was significantly decreased (control, 6.62 ± 0.20; blackcurrant extract, 6.41 ± 0.33; p=0.0312). A 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the microbiota of the fermented medium showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae. In measuring the concentrations of putrefactive components in the fermented medium, we found that the blackcurrant extract significantly reduced ammonia levels and displayed a tendency toward reduced indole levels. Our results suggest that blackcurrant extract could be a potential ingredient for relief of putrefactive components in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami ISHIGURO
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1
Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takayuki HAYASHI
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1
Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Miho OKAYAMA
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1
Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taiki YAMAGUCHI
- Morishita Jintan Co., Ltd., 2-40, Tamatsukuri 1-Chome,
Chuo-Ku, Osaka 540-8566, Japan
| | - Mamiko KOHNO
- Morishita Jintan Co., Ltd., 2-40, Tamatsukuri 1-Chome,
Chuo-Ku, Osaka 540-8566, Japan
| | - Hirosato KAWAKAMI
- Morishita Jintan Co., Ltd., 2-40, Tamatsukuri 1-Chome,
Chuo-Ku, Osaka 540-8566, Japan
| | - Tohru MITSUNAGA
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1
Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kohei NAKAMURA
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1
Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mizuho INAGAKI
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1
Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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13
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Andersone A, Janceva S, Lauberte L, Krasilnikova J, Zaharova N, Nikolajeva V, Rieksts G, Telysheva G. Lignocellulosic Waste Compounds for Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition: Preliminary Extraction by Freon, Obtaining of Proanthocyanidins and Testing on Lipase Activity. Metabolites 2023; 13:922. [PMID: 37623866 PMCID: PMC10456361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The twigs of sea buckthorn, blackcurrant, gooseberries, quince, and grapes were evaluated as a promising source of biologically active compounds-proanthocyanidins (PACs). Sea buckthorn twigs had the highest content of PACs (9.2% on dry biomass). Preliminary pretreatment of biomass with freon R134a did not allow an increase in PACs content in the composition of hydrophilic extract but confirmed the value of freon extract as an antibacterial agent against P. aeruginosa and B. cereus. The content of PACs was used as an indicator for assessment of the influence of hydrophilic extracts on pancreatic lipase activity. Under normal physiological conditions, in the presence of bile, the extract, which contained 42.4% of PACs was more effective compared to the extract which contained 17.5% of PACs. At all concentrations (0.2-40 mg of sample/g of pancreatic lipase), it inhibited lipase activity by 33%. Purified PACs were the most effective in inhibiting lipase activity (by 36%). However, in pathological physiological conditions (without bile), the opposite effect on lipase activity was observed. Thus, PACs and extracts can be used as inhibitors of pancreatic lipase only under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andersone
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (N.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Sarmite Janceva
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (N.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Liga Lauberte
- Department of Biochemistry, Riga Stradinš University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jelena Krasilnikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Riga Stradinš University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Natalija Zaharova
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (N.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Vizma Nikolajeva
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Gints Rieksts
- The Institute of Physics, University of Latvia, Miera 32, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia;
| | - Galina Telysheva
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (N.Z.); (G.T.)
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14
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Krueger ES, Griffin LE, Beales JL, Lloyd TS, Brown NJ, Elison WS, Kay CD, Neilson AP, Tessem JS. Bioavailable Microbial Metabolites of Flavanols Demonstrate Highly Individualized Bioactivity on In Vitro β-Cell Functions Critical for Metabolic Health. Metabolites 2023; 13:801. [PMID: 37512508 PMCID: PMC10385630 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary flavanols are known for disease preventative properties but are often poorly absorbed. Gut microbiome flavanol metabolites are more bioavailable and may exert protective activities. Using metabolite mixtures extracted from the urine of rats supplemented with flavanols and treated with or without antibiotics, we investigated their effects on INS-1 832/13 β-cell glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) capacity. We measured insulin secretion under non-stimulatory (low) and stimulatory (high) glucose levels, insulin secretion fold induction, and total insulin content. We conducted treatment-level comparisons, individual-level dose responses, and a responder vs. non-responder predictive analysis of metabolite composition. While the first two analyses did not elucidate treatment effects, metabolites from 9 of the 28 animals demonstrated significant dose responses, regardless of treatment. Differentiation of responders vs. non-responder revealed that levels of native flavanols and valerolactones approached significance for predicting enhanced GSIS, regardless of treatment. Although treatment-level patterns were not discernable, we conclude that the high inter-individual variability shows that metabolite bioactivity on GSIS capacity is less related to flavanol supplementation or antibiotic treatment and may be more associated with the unique microbiome or metabolome of each animal. These findings suggest flavanol metabolite activities are individualized and point to the need for personalized nutrition practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Krueger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (J.L.B.); (T.S.L.); (N.J.B.); (W.S.E.)
| | - Laura E. Griffin
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (L.E.G.); (C.D.K.); (A.P.N.)
| | - Joseph L. Beales
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (J.L.B.); (T.S.L.); (N.J.B.); (W.S.E.)
| | - Trevor S. Lloyd
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (J.L.B.); (T.S.L.); (N.J.B.); (W.S.E.)
| | - Nathan J. Brown
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (J.L.B.); (T.S.L.); (N.J.B.); (W.S.E.)
| | - Weston S. Elison
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (J.L.B.); (T.S.L.); (N.J.B.); (W.S.E.)
| | - Colin D. Kay
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (L.E.G.); (C.D.K.); (A.P.N.)
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (L.E.G.); (C.D.K.); (A.P.N.)
| | - Jeffery S. Tessem
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (J.L.B.); (T.S.L.); (N.J.B.); (W.S.E.)
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15
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Chauhan S, Singh AP, Rana AC, Kumar S, Kumar R, Singh J, Jangra A, Kumar D. Natural activators of AMPK signaling: potential role in the management of type-2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:47-59. [PMID: 37255783 PMCID: PMC10225395 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase involved in the homeostasis of cellular energy. AMPK has developed as an appealing clinical target for the diagnosis of multiple metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammation, and cancer. Genetic and pharmacological studies indicate that AMPK is needed in response to glucose deficiency, dietary restriction, and increased physical activity for preserving glucose homeostasis. After activation, AMPK influences metabolic mechanisms contributing to enhanced ATP production, thus growing processes that absorb ATP simultaneously. In this review, several natural products have been discussed which enhance the sensitivity of AMPK and alleviate sub complications or different pathways by which such AMPK triggers can be addressed. AMPK Natural products as potential AMPK activators can be developed as alternate pharmacological intervention to reverse metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyogita Chauhan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Aakash Partap Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Avtar Chand Rana
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Haryana 122502 Rewari, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, 123031 Haryana India
| | - Jitender Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, P.O. Mianpur, Ropar, 140108 Punjab India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
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16
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Mahboob A, Samuel SM, Mohamed A, Wani MY, Ghorbel S, Miled N, Büsselberg D, Chaari A. Role of flavonoids in controlling obesity: molecular targets and mechanisms. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1177897. [PMID: 37252233 PMCID: PMC10213274 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1177897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a major health challenge that increases the risk of several non-communicable illnesses, such as but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, sleep disorders, and cancers. Accounting for nearly 8% of global deaths (4.7 million) in 2017, obesity leads to diminishing quality of life and a higher premature mortality rate among affected individuals. Although essentially dubbed as a modifiable and preventable health concern, prevention, and treatment strategies against obesity, such as calorie intake restriction and increasing calorie burning, have gained little long-term success. In this manuscript, we detail the pathophysiology of obesity as a multifactorial, oxidative stress-dependent inflammatory disease. Current anti-obesity treatment strategies, and the effect of flavonoid-based therapeutic interventions on digestion and absorption, macronutrient metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress and gut microbiota has been evaluated. The use of several naturally occurring flavonoids to prevent and treat obesity with a long-term efficacy, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anns Mahboob
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arif Mohamed
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sofiane Ghorbel
- Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Miled
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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17
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Rust BM, Riordan JO, Carbonero FG, Solverson PM. One-Week Elderberry Juice Treatment Increases Carbohydrate Oxidation after a Meal Tolerance Test and Is Well Tolerated in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2072. [PMID: 37432227 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in the United States continues to worsen. Anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables provide a pragmatic dietary approach to slow its metabolic complications. Given American diet patterns, foods with high anthocyanin content could address dose-response challenges. The study objective was to determine the effect of 100% elderberry juice on measures of indirect calorimetry (IC) and insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance in a placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover pilot study. Overweight and obese adults were randomized to a 5-week study which included 2 1-week periods of twice-daily elderberry juice (EBJ) or sugar-matched placebo consumption separated by a 3-week washout period. Following each 1-week test period, IC and insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance was measured with a 3 h meal tolerance test (MTT). Treatment differences were tested with linear mixed modeling. A total of 22 prospective study volunteers (18 F/4 M) attended recruitment meetings, and 9 were analyzed for treatment differences. EBJ was well tolerated and compliance was 99.6%. A total of 6 IC measures (intervals) were created, which coincided with 10-20 min gaseous samplings in-between MTT blood samplings. Average CHO oxidation was significantly higher during the MTT after 1-week EBJ consumption (3.38 vs. 2.88 g per interval, EBJ vs. placebo, p = 0.0113). Conversely, average fat oxidation was significantly higher during the MTT after 1-week placebo consumption (1.17 vs. 1.47 g per interval, EBJ vs. placebo, p = 0.0189). This was in-line with a significantly lower average respiratory quotient after placebo treatment (0.87 vs. 0.84, EBJ vs. placebo, p = 0.0114). Energy expenditure was not different. There was no difference in serum glucose or insulin response between treatments. This pilot study of free-living volunteers describes significant change in IC but not insulin sensitivity with an EBJ intervention. Controlled feeding and increased sample size will help determine the utility of EBJ on these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M Rust
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Joseph O Riordan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Franck G Carbonero
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Patrick M Solverson
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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18
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Jerez-Bogota K, Jensen M, Højberg O, Cormican P, Lawlor PG, Gardiner GE, Canibe N. Antibacterial plant combinations prevent postweaning diarrhea in organically raised piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1095160. [PMID: 37077951 PMCID: PMC10106643 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1095160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics and zinc oxide restrictions encourage the search for alternatives to combat intestinal pathogens, including enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a major cause of postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs. PWD causes important economic losses for conventional and organic farming. This study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with garlic and apple pomace or blackcurrant on infection indicators and the fecal microbiota of organic-raised piglets challenged with ETEC-F18. For 21 days, 32 piglets (7-weeks-old) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: non-challenge (NC); ETEC-challenged (PC); ETEC-challenged receiving garlic and apple pomace (3 + 3%; GA); ETEC-challenged receiving garlic and blackcurrant (3 + 3%; GB). ETEC-F18 was administered (8 mL; 109 CFU/ml) on days 1 and 2 postweaning. The 1st week, PC had lower average daily gain than those in the NC, GA, and GB groups (P < 0.05). NC pigs showed neither ETEC-F18 shedding nor signs of diarrhea. The PC group had higher diarrhea incidence and lower fecal dry matter than NC (≈5–10 days; 95% sEBCI). The GA and GB groups showed reduced ETEC-F18 and fedA gene shedding, higher fecal dry matter, and lower diarrhea incidence than the PC (≈5–9 days; 95% sEBCI). The NC, GA, and GB had normal hematology values during most of the study, whereas the PC had increased (P < 0.05) red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit on day 7. Haptoglobin and pig-MAP increased in all groups, peaking on day 7, but PC showed the greatest increase (P < 0.05). The fecal microbiota of PC pigs had reduced α-diversity (day 7; P < 0.05) and higher volatility (days 3–14; P < 0.05). Escherichia, Campylobacter, and Erysipelothrix were more abundant in the PC than in the NC, GB, and GA groups (log2FC > 2; P < 0.05), whereas Catenibacterium, Dialister, and Mitsoukella were more abundant in the NC, GB, and GA than in the PC group (log2FC > 2; P < 0.05). Prevotella and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the GB group (log2FC > 2, P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of GA and GB limited ETEC proliferation, reduced PWD, and beneficially impacted the fecal microbiota's diversity, composition, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jerez-Bogota
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Martin Jensen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Paul Cormican
- Animal Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc Grange, Meath, Ireland
| | - Peadar G. Lawlor
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Gillian E. Gardiner
- Department of Science, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Southeast Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Nuria Canibe
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Nuria Canibe
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19
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Komarnytsky S, Wagner C, Gutierrez J, Shaw OM. Berries in Microbiome-Mediated Gastrointestinal, Metabolic, and Immune Health. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:151-166. [PMID: 36738429 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current research has shown that berry-derived polymeric substrates that resist human digestion (dietary fibers and polyphenols) are extensively metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract dominated by microbiota. This review assesses current epidemiological, experimental, and clinical evidence of how berry (strawberry, blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, cranberry, black currant, and grapes) phytochemicals interact with the microbiome and shape health or metabolic risk factor outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing evidence that the compositional differences among complex carbohydrate fractions and classes of polyphenols define reversible shifts in microbial populations and human metabolome to promote gastrointestinal health. Interventions to prevent gastrointestinal inflammation and improve metabolic outcomes may be achieved with selection of berries that provide distinct polysaccharide substrates for selective multiplication of beneficial microbiota or oligomeric decoys for binding and elimination of the pathogens, as well as phenolic substrates that hold potential to modulate gastrointestinal mucins, reduce luminal oxygen, and release small phenolic metabolites signatures capable of ameliorating inflammatory and metabolic perturbations. These mechanisms may explain many of the differences in microbiota and host gastrointestinal responses associated with increased consumption of berries, and highlight potential opportunities to intentionally shift gut microbiome profiles or to modulate risk factors associated with better nutrition and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Charles Wagner
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Janelle Gutierrez
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Odette M Shaw
- Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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20
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Anthocyanins: Potential Therapeutic Approaches towards Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031237. [PMID: 36770906 PMCID: PMC9919338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are present in about three-quarters of the adult population in Mexico. The inflammatory mechanisms subjacent to visceral white adipose tissue are accountable for the initiation and development of cardiometabolic alterations, including type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle changes are pillars within its therapeutics and, thus, current dietary modifications should include not only hypocaloric prescriptions with balanced macronutrient intake, preferably by increasing the amount of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, but in concomitance, bioactive substances, such as anthocyanins, have been correlated with lower incidence of this disease.
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21
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Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) Leaves and Arils Methanolic Extracts Ameliorate CdCl2-Induced Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Drosophila melanogaster. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3235031. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3235031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different ethnomedical benefits have been documented on different parts of Ackee (Blighia sapida); however, their roles in ameliorating oxidative damages are not well established. CdCl2 inhibitory effects on some oxidative-stress biomarkers and ameliorative potentials of Ackee leaves (AL) and arils (AS) methanolic extracts were studied using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. One to 3-day-old D. melanogaster flies were orally exposed to different concentrations of CdCl2 in their diet for 7 days. The fly’s survival profile and negative geotaxis assays were subsequently analysed. Methanolic extracts of AL and AS treatments showed negative geotaxis behaviour, and extracts were able to ameliorate the effect of Cd2+ on catalase and GST activities and increase total thiol and GSH levels, while it reduced the H2O2 generation (
) when compared to the control. Furthermore, Cd2+ exhibited noncompetitive and uncompetitive enzyme inhibition on catalase and GST activities, respectively, which may have resulted in the formation of Enzyme-substrate-Cd2+ transition complexes, thus inhibiting the conversion of substrate to product. This study, thus, suggests that the Cd2+ mechanism of toxicity was associated with oxidative damage, as evidenced by the alteration in the oxidative stress-antioxidant imbalance, and that the AL and AS extracts possess essential phytochemicals that could alleviate possibly deleterious oxidative damage effects of environmental pollutants such as CdCl2. Thus, Ackee plant parts possess essential phytonutrients which could serve as valuable resources in heavy metal toxicity management.
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22
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Iqbal AZ, Javaid N, Hameeda M. Synergic interactions between berry polyphenols and gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Now a days, scientific community has been taking initiatives to decrease burden of metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and many others. Many nutraceuticals and functional food have a crucial function in preventing and decreasing burden of chronic diseases. Main purpose of the study was to relate association between mechanism of gut microbiota effecting cardiovascular diseases, moreover, to find out advantageous effects of berry polyphenols on gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases. To summarize, we explore literature for beneficial effects of berry polyphenols by using multiple search engines including Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed. Original research article, review articles, experimental trials (human and animal studies) and abstract were also included in the current study based on relevancy to the characteristics of berries and their potential benefit on human health. This detailed review revealed that all classes of berries and their metabolites possess a definite impact on human health by preventing onset of chronic diseases by its anti-inflammatory property, thus, consider as one of the beneficial natural compounds that can be consumed on daily basis to prevent various disorders. There is also a positive association between berry polyphenols and modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolites, furthermore, showed a relationship between gut microbiome and incidence of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafar Iqbal
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore
| | - Nida Javaid
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore
| | - Maryam Hameeda
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
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23
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Xue B, Hui X, Chen X, Luo S, Dilrukshi H, Wu G, Chen C. Application, emerging health benefits, and dosage effects of blackcurrant food formats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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24
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Pachulicz RJ, Yu L, Jovcevski B, Bulone V, Pukala TL. Polyphenol characterisation and diverse bioactivities of native Australian lilly pilly ( Syzygium paniculatum) extract. Food Funct 2022; 13:8585-8592. [PMID: 35894256 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01305c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magenta lilly pilly (Syzygium paniculatum) is an Australian native tree that produces berry fruits that are rich in phytochemicals reportedly beneficial to human health. Here we explored the biological activities of polyphenol-enriched extracts from the magenta lilly pilly fruit, benchmarking it against traditional sources including purple sweet potato and blackberry. We show that the extracts exert potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties as well as antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The phenolic composition of lilly pilly was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS), revealing anthocyanins to be the primary component in high abundance compared to traditional anthocyanin-containing plants. Three anthocyanins from lilly pilly, along with their glycosylation patterns and stability, were characterised. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential to exploit magenta lilly pilly fruits as a high-yielding source of phenolics with beneficial biological properties of potential interest for multiple downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- River J Pachulicz
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Long Yu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Blagojce Jovcevski
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia. .,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Vincent Bulone
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tara L Pukala
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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25
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Rosales TKO, Fabi JP. Nanoencapsulated anthocyanin as a functional ingredient: Technological application and future perspectives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112707. [PMID: 35907354 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are an important group of phenolic compounds responsible for pigmentation in several plants, and regular consumption is associated with a reduced risk of several diseases. However, the application of anthocyanins in foods represents a challenge due to molecular instability. The encapsulation of anthocyanins in nanostructures is a viable way to protect from the factors responsible for degradation and enable the industrial application of these compounds. Nanoencapsulation is a set of techniques in which the bioactive molecules are covered by resistant biomaterials that protect them from chemical and biological factors during processing and storage. This review comprehensively summarizes the existing knowledge about the structure of anthocyanins and molecular stability, with a critical analysis of anthocyanins' nanoencapsulation, the main encapsulating materials (polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids), and techniques used in the formation of nanocarriers to protect anthocyanins. Some studies point to the effectiveness of nanostructures in maintaining anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity. The main advantages of the application of nanoencapsulated anthocyanins in foods are the increase in the nutritional value of the food, the addition of color, the increase in food storage, and the possible increase in bioavailability after oral ingestion. Nanoencapsulation improves stability for anthocyanin, thus demonstrating the potential to be included in foods or used as dietary supplements, and current limitations, challenges, and future directions of anthocyanins' have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiécla Katiane Osvaldt Rosales
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Liu D, Ji Y, Wang K, Guo Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Li L, Li H, Cui SW, Wang H. Purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract regulates redox state related to gut microbiota homeostasis in obese mice. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2133-2146. [PMID: 35338483 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the advantageous effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract (PSPAE) on redox state in obese mice. The normal chow diet (NCD) group, high-fat/cholesterol diet (HCD) group, and three groups based on HCD and added with low, middle, and high dose of PSPAE (PAL, PAM, and PAH) were raised for 12 weeks. High dose of PSPAE treatment decreased the elevations of the body weight by 24.7%, serum total cholesterol by 48.3%, serum triglyceride by 42.4%, and elevated serum activities of glutathione peroxidase by 53.3%, superoxide dismutase by 57.8%, catalase by 75.4%, decreased serum contents of malondialdehyde by 27.1% and lipopolysaccharides by 40.5%, as well as increased caecal total short-chain fatty acid by 2.05-fold. Additionally, PSPAE depressed toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and preserved nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression. Similarly, the protein expression of Nrf2 was enhanced, while TLR-4 and p-NF-κB/NF-κB were depressed by PSPAE treatment. Moreover, PSPAE administration promoted the protection of intestinal barrier function and rebuilt gut microbiota homeostasis by blooming g_Akkermansia, g_Bifidobacterium, and g_Lactobacillus. Furthermore, antibiotic interference experiments showed that the gut microbiota was indispensable for preserving the redox state of PSPAE. These results suggested that PSPAE administration could be an opportunity for improving HCD-induced obesity and the redox state related to gut dysbiosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Purple sweet potato anthocyanin has diverse pharmacological properties. It is applicable for individuals to consume extracts (as pills or other forms) from raw purple sweet potato if they want to improve obesity or redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanglin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yatu Guo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huali Wang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Animal & Plant and Food Inspection Center of Tianjin Customs (Former Tianjin Inspection and Quarantine Bureau), Tianjin, China
| | - Liwei Li
- Yunnan Tasly Deepure Biological Tea Group Co., Ltd, Simao, Yunnan, China
| | - Heyu Li
- Tianjin Ubasio Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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27
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Effect of Wild Blueberry Metabolites on Biomarkers of Gastrointestinal and Immune Health In Vitro. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton.) are a rich source of dietary fiber and (poly)phenols with gastrointestinal and immune health-promoting properties, however, their mechanisms of action on the intestinal epithelial cells and transient tissue macrophages remain to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the individual effects of anthocyanins, short-chain fatty acids (metabolites derived from fiber), and a series of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid metabolites common to anthocyanins and other polyphenols on epithelial gut homeostasis in human colon epithelial CCD-18 cells and murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Gastrointestinal cell migration was enhanced in response to anthocyanin glucosides with the maximum effect observed for malvidin-3-glucoside, and a structural subset of hydroxybenzoic acids, especially 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. Enhanced staining for ZO-1 protein in the junctional complexes was observed in CCD-18 cells treated with malvidin and butyrate, as well as several phenolic metabolites, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory gene expression profiles in the LPS-stimulated macrophages were mostly affected by treatments with 3-caffeoylquinic (chlorogenic) and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic (caffeic) acids, as well as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. This study lays the foundation for future investigations evaluating the effects of dietary interventions on managing gastrointestinal and inflammatory pathophysiological outcomes.
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Nanotechnology as a Tool to Mitigate the Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on Metabolization of Anthocyanins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030506. [PMID: 35326155 PMCID: PMC8944820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are an important group of phenolic compounds responsible for pigmentation in several plants. For humans, a regular intake is associated with a reduced risk of several diseases. However, molecular instability reduces the absorption and bioavailability of these compounds. Anthocyanins are degraded by external factors such as the presence of light, oxygen, temperature, and changes in pH ranges. In addition, the digestion process contributes to chemical degradation, mainly through the action of intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota has a fundamental role in the biotransformation and metabolization of several dietary compounds, thus modifying the chemical structure, including anthocyanins. This biotransformation leads to low absorption of intact anthocyanins, and consequently, low bioavailability of these antioxidant compounds. Several studies have been conducted to seek alternatives to improve stability and protect against intestinal microbiota degradation. This comprehensive review aims to discuss the existing knowledge about the structure of anthocyanins while discussing human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and bioavailability after the oral consumption of anthocyanins. This review will highlight the use of nanotechnology systems to overcome anthocyanin biotransformation by the intestinal microbiota, pointing out the safety and effectiveness of nanostructures to maintain molecular stability.
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29
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Vong CI, Rathinasabapathy T, Moncada M, Komarnytsky S. All Polyphenols Are Not Created Equal: Exploring the Diversity of Phenolic Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2077-2091. [PMID: 35147422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of plant polyphenols is significant, and many of them enter a human body as a highly diverse pool of ring-fission phenolic metabolites arising from digestion and microbial catabolism of the parental structures. Difficulty in designing the uniform intervention studies and limited tools calibrated to detect and quantify the inherent complexity of phenolic metabolites hindered efforts to establish and validate protective health effects of these molecules. Here, we highlight the recent findings that describe novel complex downstream metabolite profiles with a particular focus on dihydrophenolic (phenylpropanoic) acids of microbial origin, ingested and phase II-transformed methylated phenolic metabolites (methylated sinks), and small phenolic metabolites derived from the breakdown of different classes of flavonoids, stilbenoids, and tannins. There is a critical need for precise identification of the individual phenolic metabolite signatures originating from different polyphenol groups to enable future translation of these findings into break-through nutritional interventions and dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi In Vong
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Marvin Moncada
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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30
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Cheatham CL, Nieman DC, Neilson AP, Lila MA. Enhancing the Cognitive Effects of Flavonoids With Physical Activity: Is There a Case for the Gut Microbiome? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:833202. [PMID: 35273477 PMCID: PMC8902155 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.833202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive changes can be the first indication of the progression to dementias, such as Alzheimer’s disease. These changes may be driven by a complex interaction of factors including diet, activity levels, genetics, and environment. Here we review the evidence supporting relationships between flavonoids, physical activity, and brain function. Recent in vivo experiments and human clinical trials have shown that flavonoid-rich foods can inhibit neuroinflammation and enhance cognitive performance. Improved cognition has also been correlated with a physically active lifestyle, and with the functionality and diversity of the gut microbiome. The great majority (+ 90%) of dietary flavonoids are biotransformed into phytoactive phenolic metabolites at the gut microbiome level prior to absorption, and these prebiotic flavonoids modulate microbiota profiles and diversity. Health-relevant outcomes from flavonoid ingestion may only be realized in the presence of a robust microbiome. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) accelerates the catabolism and uptake of these gut-derived anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory metabolites into circulation. The gut microbiome exerts a profound influence on cognitive function; moderate exercise and flavonoid intake influence cognitive benefits; and exercise and flavonoid intake influence the microbiome. We conclude that there is a potential for combined impacts of flavonoid intake and physical exertion on cognitive function, as modulated by the gut microbiome, and that the combination of a flavonoid-rich diet and routine aerobic exercise may potentiate cognitive benefits and reduce cognitive decline in an aging population, via mechanisms mediated by the gut microbiome. Mechanistic animal studies and human clinical interventions are needed to further explore this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L. Cheatham
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Lab, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Mary Ann Lila,
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31
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Solverson P, Albaugh GP, Harrison DJ, Luthria DL, Baer DJ, Novotny JA. High‐dose administration of purified cyanidin‐3‐glucose or a blackberry extract causes improved mitochondrial function but reduced content in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Solverson
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine Washington State University Spokane Washington USA
| | - George P. Albaugh
- USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - Dawn J. Harrison
- USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - Dave L. Luthria
- USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - David J. Baer
- USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - Janet A. Novotny
- USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville Maryland USA
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32
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Anti-obesity natural products and gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110819. [PMID: 34980371 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The link between gut microbiota and obesity or other metabolic syndromes is growing increasingly clear. Natural products are appreciated for their beneficial health effects in humans. Increasing investigations demonstrated that the anti-obesity bioactivities of many natural products are gut microbiota dependent. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on anti-obesity natural products acting through gut microbiota according to their chemical structures and signaling metabolites. Manipulation of the gut microbiota by natural products may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent obesity.
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33
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Gut microbiota modulation by jabuticaba peel and its effect on glucose metabolism via inflammatory signaling. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:382-391. [PMID: 35198998 PMCID: PMC8850559 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jabuticaba is a Brazilian berry known for its therapeutic potential against cancer, obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and others. It is a natural source of bioactive compounds, leading to better glucose metabolism, and attenuating obesity and IR through the reduction of pro-inflammatory status. The present study aimed to observe the prebiotic effect of freeze-dried jabuticaba peel (J) consumption on gut bacteria profile and describe its effects on IR derived from the lipopolysaccharides/Toll-like receptor-4 inflammatory pathway. Jabuticaba peel was chemically characterized, and its bioactive compounds were quantified. Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were feed with a control diet (n = 6), control diet + J (n = 6), high-fat diet (HF) (n = 6), and HF + J (n = 6) for thirteen weeks. Gut bacteriota (16s RNA sequencing), glucose metabolism (fasting glucose and insulin, OGTT, ITT, HOMA-IR, and β, QUICKI), and inflammatory status (serum lipopolysaccharide, and protein expression) were assessed. The main bioactive compounds found in J were dietary fiber, and anthocyanins, and its consumption along with a healthy diet reduced the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota phyla (p < 0.01), increased the Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, and Faecalicatena genus (p < 0.05). The correlation test indicates a negative correlation between the Muribaculaceae and glucose metabolism. Jabuticaba peel is a nutritive source of bioactive compounds with prebiotic effects. Jabuticaba peel is a natural source of bioactive compounds with high anti-oxidant power. Jabuticaba peel in a healthy diet intake can modulate the gut bacteriota and increase short-chain fatty acids production. The consumption of freeze-dried jabuticaba peel does not alter the glucose metabolism via LPS-TLR4 pathway.
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34
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Griffin LE, Kohrt SE, Rathore A, Kay CD, Grabowska MM, Neilson AP. Microbial Metabolites of Flavanols in Urine are Associated with Enhanced Anti-Proliferative Activity in Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:194-210. [PMID: 33522303 PMCID: PMC8790827 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1869277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavanols are metabolized by the gut microbiota to bioavailable metabolites, and the absorbed fraction is excreted primarily via urine. Uroepithelial cells are thus a potential site of activity due to exposure to high concentrations of these compounds. Chemoprevention by flavanols may be partly due to these metabolites. In Vitro work in this area relies on a limited pool of commercially available microbial metabolites, and little has been done in bladder cancer. The impact of physiologically relevant mixtures of flavanols and their metabolites remains unknown. Rats were fed various flavanols and urine samples, approximating the bioavailable metabolome, were collected. Urines were profiled by UPLC-MS/MS, and their anti-proliferative activities were assayed In Vitro in four bladder cancer models. Significant interindividual variability was observed for composition and proliferation. Microbial metabolite concentrations (valerolactones, phenylalkyl acids and hippuric acids) were positively associated with reduced bladder cancer proliferation In Vitro, while native flavanols were poorly correlated with activity. These results suggest that microbial metabolites may be responsible for chemoprevention in uroepithelial cells following flavanol consumption. This highlights the potential to use individual genetics and microbial metabotyping to design personalized dietary interventions for cancer prevention and/or adjuvant therapy to reduce bladder cancer incidence and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Griffin
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Sarah E. Kohrt
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Atul Rathore
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Colin D. Kay
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Magdalena M. Grabowska
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH,Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC,Corresponding author: Dr. Andrew Neilson, , Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, 704-250-5495
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35
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Liu P, Zhou W, Xu W, Peng Y, Yan Y, Lu L, Mi J, Zeng X, Cao Y. The Main Anthocyanin Monomer from Lycium ruthenicum Murray Fruit Mediates Obesity via Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Improving the Intestinal Barrier. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010098. [PMID: 35010223 PMCID: PMC8750395 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins have been shown to exert certain antiobesity properties, but the specific relationship between anthocyanin-induced beneficial effects and the gut microbiota remains unclear. Petunidin-3-O-[rhamnopyranosyl-(trans-p-coumaroyl)]-5-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside) (P3G) is the main anthocyanin monomer from the fruit of Lycium ruthenicum Murray. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the antiobesity and remodeling effects of P3G on gut microbiota through a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model and a fecal microbiota transplantation experiment. P3G was found to reduce body weight gain, fat accumulation, and liver steatosis in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, supplementation with P3G alleviated the HFD-induced imbalance in gut microbiota composition, and transferring the P3G-regulated gut microbiota to recipient mice provided comparable protection against obesity. This is the first time evidence is provided that P3G has an antiobesity effect by changing the intestinal microbiota. Our present data highlight a link between P3G intervention and enhancement in gut barrier integrity. This may be a promising option for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.L.); (W.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.P.)
| | - Wangting Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.L.); (W.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.P.)
| | - Weiqi Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.L.); (W.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.L.); (W.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.M.)
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.M.)
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.M.)
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.L.); (W.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-25-84396791 (X.Z.); +86-951-6886783 (Y.C.)
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.M.)
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-25-84396791 (X.Z.); +86-951-6886783 (Y.C.)
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Trinei M, Carpi A, Menabo' R, Storto M, Fornari M, Marinelli A, Minardi S, Riboni M, Casciaro F, DiLisa F, Petroni K, Tonelli C, Giorgio M. Dietary intake of cyanidin-3-glucoside induces a long-lasting cardioprotection from ischemia/reperfusion injury by altering the microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108921. [PMID: 34864150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The anthocyanin class of flavonoids, including cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) present in berries, blood oranges and pigmented cereal crops, are food bioactives with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, capable to reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by unclear mechanism. Assessing the value of sporadic beneficial diet is critical for practical application. We aimed to determine whether and how the cardioptotective effect of dietary intake of anthocyanins persists. Gene expression, histology and resistance to I/R were investigated ex vivo in hearts from mice after a month beyond the cease of the C3G-enriched diet. Cardiac injury, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage following I/R was effectively reduced in mice fed C3G-enriched diet, even after a month of wash out with standard diet. Cardioprotection was observed also in immune-deficient mice lacking mature B and T cells indicating the anti-inflammatory activity of C3G was not involved. Moreover, the transcription reprogramming induced by the C3G-enriched diets was rescued by the wash out treatment. Instead, we found C3G-enriched diet changed the microbiome and the transplantation of the fecal microbiota transferred the cardioprotection from mice fed C3G-enriched diet to mice fed standard diet. These findings established the effect of C3G dietary intake on gut microbiota determines long lasting cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Trinei
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology - IEO IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Carpi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Menabo'
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Mariangela Storto
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology - IEO IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Fornari
- Department of BioSciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simone Minardi
- Genomics Unit, Firc Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Riboni
- Genomics Unit, Firc Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio DiLisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Katia Petroni
- Department of BioSciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Department of BioSciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology - IEO IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Horie K, Maeda H, Nanashima N, Oey I. Potential Vasculoprotective Effects of Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) Extract in Diabetic KK-A y Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216459. [PMID: 34770868 PMCID: PMC8587626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found naturally in fruits and vegetables; they are widely used in disease prevention and health maintenance. Polyphenol-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) exerts beneficial effects on vascular health in menopausal model animals. However, the vasculoprotective effects in diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerotic vascular disease secondary to DM are unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether BCE is effective in preventing atherosclerosis using KK-Ay mice as a diabetes model. The mice were divided into three groups and fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 1% BCE (BCE1), 3% BCE (BCE2), or Control for 9 weeks. The mice in the BCE2 group showed a considerable reduction in the disturbance of elastic lamina, foam cell formation, and vascular remodeling compared to those in the BCE1 and Control groups. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the score of endothelial nitric oxide synthase staining intensity was significantly higher in both BCE2 (2.9) and BCE1 (1.9) compared to that in the Control (1.1). Furthermore, the score for the percentage of alpha-smooth muscle actin was significantly lower in the BCE2 (2.9%) than in the Control (2.1%). Our results suggest that the intake of anthocyanin-rich BCE could have beneficial effects on the blood vessels of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5527
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan;
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin Extract Enhances PPAR-α, PPAR-γ Expression and Reduces I/M Ratio in Aorta, Increases LXR-α Expression and Alters Adipokines and Triglycerides Levels in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103621. [PMID: 34684622 PMCID: PMC8537201 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits possess potential cardiovascular, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic bioactivities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract rich in iridoids and anthocyanins on several transcription factors, intima/media ratio in aorta and serum parameters, which determine or are valuable indicators of the adverse changes observed in the course of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. For this purpose, male New Zealand rabbits were fed a diet enriched in 1% cholesterol for 60 days. Additionally, one group received 10 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract and the second group 50 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract. PPAR-α and PPAR-γ expression in the aorta, LXR-α expression in the liver; cholesterol, triglycerides, adipokines, apolipoproteins, glucose and insulin levels in serum; the intima and media diameter in the thoracic and abdominal aorta were determined. Administration of cornelian cherry extract resulted in an enhancement in the expression of all tested transcription factors, a decrease in triglycerides, leptin and resistin, and an increase in adiponectin levels. In addition, a significant reduction in the I/M ratio was observed for both the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The results we have obtained confirm the potential contribution of cornelian cherry extract to mitigation of the risk of developing and the intensity of symptoms of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome.
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Osborn LJ, Claesen J, Brown JM. Microbial Flavonoid Metabolism: A Cardiometabolic Disease Perspective. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:433-454. [PMID: 34633856 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-120420-030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and encompasses the inflammatory metabolic disorders of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant metabolites that are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables and have biologically relevant protective effects in a number of cardiometabolic disorders. Several epidemiological studies underscored a negative association between dietary flavonoid consumption and the propensity to develop CMD. Recent studies elucidated the contribution of the gut microbiota in metabolizing dietary intake as it relates to CMD. Importantly, the biological efficacy of flavonoids in humans and animal models alike is linked to the gut microbial community. Herein, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of leveraging flavonoid intake as a potential strategy to prevent and treat CMD in a gut microbe-dependent manner, with special emphasis on flavonoid-derived microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA; , , .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA; , , .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA; , , .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Shimazu R, Anada M, Miyaguchi A, Nomi Y, Matsumoto H. Evaluation of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Polyphenols, Anthocyanins, and Their Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11676-11686. [PMID: 34555897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACs) are able to protect neurons against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of these compounds using a model kit to clarify the mechanism of AC on the brain. Black currant or strawberry AC extract was orally administrated to male Wistar rats. The urine and extirpated brain were collected before and after administration and analyzed quantitatively by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After administration of AC, several phenolic acids were detected in the urine samples. Further, AC and some AC metabolites were found in the brain tissue. BBB permeabilities of these compounds were much lower than the positive control. Epigallocatechin, daidzein, genistein, equol, and nobiletin presented high BBB permeability, whereas apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol showed medium permeability, and epicatechin, rutin, fisetin, resveratrol, and curcumin BBB permeation was neglected. These results suggested that ACs were difficult to cross BBB into the brain and ACs were not directly associated with the prevention of β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Shimazu
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashishima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Moemi Anada
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashishima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Amane Miyaguchi
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashishima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yuri Nomi
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashishima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsumoto
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashishima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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Jiang H, Zhang W, Li X, Xu Y, Cao J, Jiang W. The anti-obesogenic effects of dietary berry fruits: A review. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110539. [PMID: 34399516 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in the world is fearsomely climbing, which has brought about heavy threats on human health and economic development. For coping with this problem, researchers have looked at the profound potentials of natural products for resolving obesity because of their high efficiencies and few undesirable outcomes in the recent years. Berry fruits are huge reservoirs of bioactive components, and their anti-obesity potentials are arousing much interests. In this review, the current main strategies to manage obesity were summarized, including inhibiting appetite and lowering the food intake, improving energy expenditure and thermogenesis, suppressing absorption and digestion, reducing lipid synthesis and storage as well as modulating composition of gut microbiota. In addition, this review discussed the potentials of dietary berry fruits (blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, mulberries, lingonberries, blackberries, black chokeberries, elderberries, bilberries, grape, blackcurrants, jaboticabas, red bayberries, sea-buckthorns, goldenberries and goji berries) to counteract obesity or obesity-associated complications based on recent animal experiments and human studies. Then, the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds present in berry fruits was discussed. On the other hand, several challenges including securing effective dosage, further understanding their interaction with human tissues, improving bioavailability and protection of functional ingredients during delivery should be taken into account and conquered in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Gonçalves AC, Nunes AR, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Dietary Effects of Anthocyanins in Human Health: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070690. [PMID: 34358116 PMCID: PMC8308553 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of natural-based foods, including beans, fruits, legumes, nuts, oils, vegetables, spices, and whole grains, has been encouraged. This fact is essentially due to their content in bioactive phytochemicals, with the phenolic compounds standing out. Among them, anthocyanins have been a target of many studies due to the presence of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups in their chemical structure, which confer notable scavenging, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, being already recommended as supplementation to mitigate or even attenuate certain disorders, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological pathologies. The most well-known anthocyanins are cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. They are widespread in nature, being present in considerable amounts in red fruits and red vegetables. Overall, the present review intends to discuss the most recent findings on the potential health benefits from the daily intake of anthocyanin-rich foods, as well as their possible pharmacological mechanisms of action. However, before that, some emphasis regarding their chemical structure, dietary sources, and bioavailability was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana R. Nunes
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Edifício do ICNAS, Pólo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-077
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Li W, You B, Yu J, Huang X, Yang R. Gut Microbiota Composition Affects Procyanidin A2-Attenuated Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice by Modulating the Bioavailability of Its Microbial Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6989-6999. [PMID: 34142543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidin A2 (PCA2) has been shown to improve lipid metabolism. However, it remains to know whether it can play a role in preventing atherosclerosis (AS) through gut microbiota. This study examined the effect of PCA2 on high fat diet (HFD)-induced AS in ApoE-/- mice with an intact and antibiotic-depleted microbiota. PCA2 administration for 12 weeks attenuated HFD-induced AS in ApoE-/- mice, evidenced by obviously alleviating the histological abnormalities of the aorta, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which were accompanied by downregulating the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Moreover, PCA2 treatment reshaped the gut microbiota imbalance caused by HFD, especially reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobia. However, antibiotic intervention almost offset the alleviation of AS by PCA2 and prevented the biotransformation of PCA2 by gut microbiota, thus resulting in a 2327.21-6.27-fold decrease in its microbial metabolites of plasma. There was a marked correlation among the microbiota composition, the bioavailability of PCA2-derived microbial metabolites, and AS indicators. The findings indicate that the gut microbiota robustly influences the bioavailability of microbial metabolites that may partially drive the AS resilience property of PCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bangyan You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruili Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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YILDIZ E, GULDAS M, ELLERGEZEN P, ACAR AG, GURBUZ O. Obesity-associated Pathways of Anthocyanins. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.39119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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A Red-Berry Mixture as a Nutraceutical: Detailed Composition and Neuronal Protective Effect. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113210. [PMID: 34071973 PMCID: PMC8198462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendations towards increased consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables are well supported by epidemiological and clinical trials. However, in some specific cases, it is difficult to follow these recommendations and the use of nutraceuticals or, in the present work, a freeze-dried fruits mixture can be recommended in order to afford the optimal consumption of dietary polyphenols naturally present in fruits and vegetables. In this work we have carefully characterized a red-berry mixture in terms of polyphenol composition, encountering mainly anthocyanins, which account for a total of 2.8 mg/g as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents. Additionally, we have assayed the red-berry blend in a cell model of neurological damage by differentiating the cells and measuring the effect of red-berry polyphenols on cell viability and redox state by flow cytometry. The berry-fruit extract showed an inhibitory effect on differentiated SH-SY5Y ROS formation at a concentration as low as 250 µg/mL (33% inhibition). The results show the potential of this berry-fruit blend for its nutraceutical use in the prevention of the neurodegeneration associated with age or environmental agents.
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Kopylov AT, Malsagova KA, Stepanov AA, Kaysheva AL. Diversity of Plant Sterols Metabolism: The Impact on Human Health, Sport, and Accumulation of Contaminating Sterols. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051623. [PMID: 34066075 PMCID: PMC8150896 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The way of plant sterols transformation and their benefits for humans is still a question under the massive continuing revision. In fact, there are no receptors for binding with sterols in mammalians. However, possible biotransformation to steroids that can be catalyzed by gastro-intestinal microflora, microbial cells in prebiotics or cytochromes system were repeatedly reported. Some products of sterols metabolization are capable to imitate resident human steroids and compete with them for the binding with corresponding receptors, thus affecting endocrine balance and entire physiology condition. There are also tremendous reports about the natural origination of mammalian steroid hormones in plants and corresponding receptors for their binding. Some investigations and reports warn about anabolic effect of sterols, however, there are many researchers who are reluctant to believe in and have strong opposing arguments. We encounter plant sterols everywhere: in food, in pharmacy, in cosmetics, but still know little about their diverse properties and, hence, their exact impact on our life. Most of our knowledge is limited to their cholesterol-lowering influence and protective effect against cardiovascular disease. However, the world of plant sterols is significantly wider if we consider the thousands of publications released over the past 10 years.
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Yang HJ, Zhang T, Wu XG, Kim MJ, Kim YH, Yang ES, Yoon YS, Park S. Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050756. [PMID: 34068659 PMCID: PMC8150986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether aqueous blackcurrant extracts (BC) improve glucose metabolism and gut microbiomes in non-obese type 2 diabetic animals fed a high-fat diet and to identify the mechanism involved. Partially pancreatectomized male Sprague–Dawley rats were provided a high-fat diet containing 0% (control), 0.2% (L-BC; low dosage), 0.6% (M-BC; medium dosage), and 1.8% (H-BC; high dosage) blackcurrant extracts; 0.2% metformin (positive-C); plus 1.8%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 0%, and 1.6% dextrin, specifically indigestible dextrin, daily for 8 weeks. Daily blackcurrant extract intakes were equivalent to 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg body weight (bw). After a 2 g glucose or maltose/kg bw challenge, serum glucose and insulin concentrations during peak and final states were obviously lower in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance testing showed that M-BC and H-BC improved insulin resistance. Hepatic triglyceride deposition, TNF-α expression, and malondialdehyde contents were lower in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group. Improvements in insulin resistance in the M-BC and H-BC groups were associated with reduced inflammation and oxidative stress (p < 0.05). Hyperglycemic clamp testing showed that insulin secretion capacity increased in the acute phase (2 to 10 min) in the M-BC and H-BC groups and that insulin sensitivity in the hyperglycemic state was greater in these groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Pancreatic β-cell mass was greater in the M-BC, H-BC, and positive-C groups than in the control group. Furthermore, β-cell proliferation appeared to be elevated and apoptosis was suppressed in these three groups (p < 0.05). Serum propionate and butyrate concentrations were higher in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group. BC dose-dependently increased α-diversity of the gut microbiota and predicted the enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation-related microbiome genes and downregulation of carbohydrate digestion and absorption-related genes, as determined by PICRUSt2 analysis. In conclusion, BC enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which improved glucose homeostasis, and these improvements were associated with an incremental increase of the α-diversity of gut microbiota and suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Yang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korean Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo 55365, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.-G.W.)
| | - Xuan-Gao Wu
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.-G.W.)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korean Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo 55365, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Hanter Co., Ltd., Jeongeup 56204, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | | | - Yeong-Seok Yoon
- Hanter Co., Ltd., Jeongeup 56204, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.-G.W.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence:
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48
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Orabi D, Osborn LJ, Fung K, Massey W, Horak AJ, Aucejo F, Choucair I, DeLucia B, Wang Z, Claesen J, Brown JM. A surgical method for continuous intraportal infusion of gut microbial metabolites in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145607. [PMID: 33986195 PMCID: PMC8262340 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbe-derived metabolites influence human physiology and disease. However, establishing mechanistic links between gut microbial metabolites and disease pathogenesis in animal models remains challenging. The major route of absorption for microbe-derived small molecules is venous drainage via the portal vein to the liver. In the event of presystemic hepatic metabolism, the route of metabolite administration becomes critical. To our knowledge, we describe here a novel portal vein cannulation technique using a s.c. implanted osmotic pump to achieve continuous portal vein infusion in mice. We first administered the microbial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) over 4 weeks, during which increased peripheral plasma levels of TMA and its host liver-derived cometabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide, were observed when compared with a vehicle control. Next, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA), a microbial metabolite that undergoes extensive presystemic hepatic metabolism, was administered intraportally to examine effects on hepatic gene expression. As expected, hepatic levels of 4-HPAA were elevated when compared with the control group while peripheral plasma 4-HPAA levels remained the same. Moreover, significant changes in the hepatic transcriptome were revealed by an unbiased RNA-Seq approach. Collectively, to our knowledge this work describes a novel method for administering gut microbe-derived metabolites via the portal vein, mimicking their physiologic delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony J. Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Federico Aucejo
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ibrahim Choucair
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Beckey DeLucia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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49
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Marrero PF, Relat J, Haro D. Lyophilized Maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis) Berry Administration Suppresses High-Fat Diet-Induced Liver Lipogenesis through the Induction of the Nuclear Corepressor SMILE. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:637. [PMID: 33919415 PMCID: PMC8143281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is one of the first organs affected by accumulated ectopic lipids. Increased de novo lipogenesis and excessive triglyceride accumulation in the liver are hallmarks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and are strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Maqui dietary supplemented diet-induced obese mice showed better insulin response and decreased weight gain. We previously described that these positive effects of maqui are partially due to an induction of a brown-like phenotype in subcutaneous white adipose tissue that correlated with a differential expression of Chrebp target genes. In this work, we aimed to deepen the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of maqui on the onset and development of the obese phenotype and insulin resistance focusing on liver metabolism. Our results showed that maqui supplementation decreased hepatic steatosis caused by a high-fat diet. Changes in the metabolic profile include a downregulation of the lipogenic liver X receptor (LXR) target genes and of fatty acid oxidation gene expression together with an increase in the expression of small heterodimer partner interacting leucine zipper protein (Smile), a corepressor of the nuclear receptor family. Our data suggest that maqui supplementation regulates lipid handling in liver to counteract the metabolic impact of a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede De la Patagonia, Puerto-Montt 5501842, Chile;
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (H.S.-L.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (H.S.-L.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (H.S.-L.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (H.S.-L.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (H.S.-L.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Wang L, Jiang G, Jing N, Liu X, Li Q, Liang W, Liu Z. Bilberry anthocyanin extracts enhance anti-PD-L1 efficiency by modulating gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 11:3180-3190. [PMID: 32211663 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The undesirable low response rate is a major hurdle to garnering the maximum potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatments. Recent advances in exploring the effects of intestinal flora on the medical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade have shed new light on the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Inspired by the prebiotic role of anthocyanin-rich extracts, we propose using bilberry anthocyanin extracts to modulate the composition of gut microbiota and eventually, promote the efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of orally administered bilberry anthocyanin extracts in enhancing the anti-tumor efficiency of the PD-L1 antibody in the experimental mouse MC38 tumor model. We observed an increase in the fecal abundance of Clostridia and Lactobacillus johnsonii and improved effective community diversity. These findings reinforce the importance of intestinal flora composition and open up unprecedented opportunities in using natural compounds to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Jing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuerun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qicheng Li
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
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