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Ventura G, Calvano CD, Bianco G, Di Capua A, Losito I, Cataldi TRI. Discovering the Ellagitannin Landscape of Dried Walnut Shells by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19051-19060. [PMID: 39155698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Walnut shells, often discarded as waste, hold hidden potential as a source of ellagitannins (ETs), compounds known for their promising antioxidant properties and health benefits. This study employed reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) coupled with Orbitrap-based high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) via electrospray ionization (ESI) in negative polarity to investigate the ET profile in extracts of dried powdered walnut shells. Several compounds belonging to various ET families were successfully identified as deprotonated molecules ([M - H]-) and characterized, including mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentagalloyl glucopyranoses, as well as ETs containing the hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) group. Characteristic product ions were identified in HR tandem MS spectra and employed to recognize the ET landscape. Analysis revealed a complex picture with more than 10 isomers identified in some cases. However, the structural similarity and limitations in MS/MS data hindered the definitive identification of all isomers. Characterization of ETs featuring HHDP groups also remained challenging. Despite these restraints, the estimated total content of ETs suggests potential application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries of those extracts. These findings indicate that walnut shells can be considered a sustainable source of health-promoting compounds, contributing to a greener economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Angela Di Capua
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, Bari 70126, Italy
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Bernini R, Campo M, Cassiani C, Fochetti A, Ieri F, Lombardi A, Urciuoli S, Vignolini P, Villanova N, Vita C. Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Agroindustrial Waste and Byproducts: Results and Perspectives According to the Green Chemistry and Circular Economy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12871-12895. [PMID: 38829927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites found in plants endowed with multiple biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and anticancer). In view of these properties, they find many applications and are used as active ingredients in nutraceutical, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations. In accordance with green chemistry and circular economy strategies, they can also be recovered from agroindustrial waste and reused in various sectors, promoting sustainable processes. This review described structural characteristics, methods for extraction, biological properties, and applications of polyphenolic extracts obtained from two selected plant materials of the Mediterranean area as olive (Olea europaea L.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) based on recent literature, highlighting future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Margherita Campo
- Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications "G. Parenti" (DiSIA), PHYTOLAB Laboratory, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassiani
- Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications "G. Parenti" (DiSIA), PHYTOLAB Laboratory, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Fochetti
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Ieri
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Urciuoli
- Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications "G. Parenti" (DiSIA), PHYTOLAB Laboratory, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Vignolini
- Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications "G. Parenti" (DiSIA), PHYTOLAB Laboratory, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Noemi Villanova
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Chiara Vita
- QuMAP - PIN, University Center "Città di Prato" Educational and Scientific Services for the University of Florence, 59100 Prato, Italy
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3
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Molnar M, Jakovljević Kovač M, Pavić V. A Comprehensive Analysis of Diversity, Structure, Biosynthesis and Extraction of Biologically Active Tannins from Various Plant-Based Materials Using Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2024; 29:2615. [PMID: 38893491 PMCID: PMC11173854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the emerging subject of extracting tannins from various plant sources using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Tannins are widely used in the food and feed industries as they have outstanding antioxidant qualities and greatly enhance the flavor and nutritional content of a wide range of food products. Organic solvents are frequently used in traditional extraction techniques, which raises questions about their safety for human health and the environment. DESs present a prospective substitute because of their low toxicity, adaptability, and environmental friendliness. The fundamental ideas supporting the application of DESs in the extraction of tannins from a range of plant-based materials frequently used in daily life are all well covered in this paper. Furthermore, this paper covers the impact of extraction parameters on the yield of extracted tannins, as well as possible obstacles and directions for future research in this emerging subject. This includes challenges such as high viscosity, intricated recovery of compounds, thermal degradation, and the occurrence of esterification. An extensive summary of the diversity, structure, biosynthesis, distribution, and roles of tannins in plants is given in this paper. Additionally, this paper thoroughly examines various bioactivities of tannins and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Martina Jakovljević Kovač
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Valentina Pavić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Fuentes-Jorquera N, Canales RI, Pérez-Correa JR, Pérez-Jiménez J, Mariotti-Celis MS. Differential Extraction and Preliminary Identification of Polyphenols from Ugni candollei (White Murta) Berries. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:623. [PMID: 38929063 PMCID: PMC11200422 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ugni candollei, commonly known as white murta, is a native Chilean berry with a polyphenol composition that has been underexplored. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive profile of white murta polyphenols using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP MS). Additionally, it compared the efficacy of conventional extraction methods with emerging techniques such as deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction and hot pressurized water extraction (HPWE). The analysis tentatively identified 107 phenolic compounds (84 of them reported for the first time for this cultivar), including 25 phenolic acids, 37 anthocyanins, and 45 flavonoids. Among the prominent and previously unreported polyphenols are ellagic acid acetyl-xyloside, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, cyanidin 3-O-(6'-caffeoyl-glucoside, and phloretin 2'-O-xylosyl-glucoside. The study found HPWE to be a promising alternative to traditional extraction of hydroxybenzoic acids, while DES extraction was less effective across all categories. The findings reveal that white murta possesses diverse phenolic compounds, potentially linked to various biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fuentes-Jorquera
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (N.F.-J.); (R.I.C.)
| | - Roberto I. Canales
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (N.F.-J.); (R.I.C.)
| | - José R. Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (N.F.-J.); (R.I.C.)
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sokolova E, Krol T, Adamov G, Minyazeva Y, Baleev D, Sidelnikov N. Total Content and Composition of Phenolic Compounds from Filipendula Genus Plants and Their Potential Health-Promoting Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:2013. [PMID: 38731503 PMCID: PMC11085259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This current article was dedicated to the determination of the composition of phenolic compounds in extracts of four species of the genus Filipendula in order to establish a connection between the composition of polyphenols and biological effects. A chemical analysis revealed that the composition of the extracts studied depended both on the plant species and its part (leaf or flower) and on the extractant used. All four species of Filipendula were rich sources of phenolic compounds and contained hydrolyzable tannins, condensed tannins, phenolic acids and their derivatives, and flavonoids. The activities included data on those that are most important for creating functional foods with Filipendula plant components: the influence on blood coagulation measured by prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, and on the activity of the digestive enzymes (pancreatic amylase and lipase). It was established that plant species, their parts, and extraction methods contribute meaningfully to biological activity. The most prominent result is as follows: the plant organ determines the selective inhibition of either amylase or lipase; thus, the anticoagulant activities of F. camtschatica and F. stepposa hold promise for health-promoting food formulations associated with general metabolic disorders.
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Atwi-Ghaddar S, Destandau E, Lesellier E. Integrated Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Pre-Formulation Process of Punica granatum L. Pericarp Polar Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:8110. [PMID: 38138602 PMCID: PMC10745611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely used fruit in the dietary supplement industry due to its richness in bioactive compounds. In this study, an experimental design was applied to optimize supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of polar compounds of interest (ellagic acid and punicalagins), known for antioxidant and skin care properties from pomegranate's pericarp. The effects of temperature, modifier percentage, and water additive percentage added in the modifier were explored through a Box-Behnken design, followed by a study of the extraction kinetics. The results indicated that 40 °C, 20% EtOH:H2O 80:20 v:v, with an extraction duration of 60 min allowed for the highest recovery of the above-mentioned molecules (19.59 mg/g). Due to solubilization issues encountered by the extract, a screening of cosmetic solvents was carried out to solubilize SFE pomegranate extracts and a composition of Gly:H2O 80:20 v:v was selected. Furthermore, an integrated SFE pre-formulation process of pomegranate pericarp extract (PPE) was elaborated. This allowed for the recovery of the extracts in cosmetic solvent, avoiding a full evaporation. Finally, the stability of the pre-formulated extracts was evaluated and showed high stability for over 3 months at 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Lesellier
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), University of Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45100 Orléans, France; (S.A.-G.); (E.D.)
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7
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Sharma AK, Beniwal V. Reconnoitring the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different fruits after tannin acyl hydrolase mediated biotransformation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1439-1449. [PMID: 36965069 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Condensed and hydrolyzable tannins are secondary metabolites present in almost every plant part. Tannase enzyme acts on hydrolyzable tannins to produce gallic acid and tannase-mediated end-products with immense therapeutic potential. Seven different fruits with significant presence of hydrolyzable tannin content were selected to check for phenol, tannin, and hydrolyzable tannin contents. Prunus domestica had the maximum phenol content, that is, 85.4 ± 0.207, followed by Syzygium cumini, Fragaria ananassa, Rubus fruticosus, and Psidium guajava. Plum showed the maximum number of hydrolyzable tannins. Fruit extracts were subjected to tannase hydrolysis and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were determined. There was a significant increase in the antioxidant abilities of the fruits with Punica granatum extract, displaying the highest decline of 132 units of IC50 followed by F. ananassa hydrolyzable extract, showing a decrease from 224.75 to 119.98 μg/mL. The extracts also depicted a significant increase in antibacterial activity after hydrolysis against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus with Rubus idaeus aqueous extract observed to be most effective against E. coli. The increase in antioxidant and antibacterial activity can be attributed to the production of tannase-mediated products formed after the biotransformation of hydrolyzable tannins present in the aqueous extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Beniwal
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
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Silva V, Silva A, Ribeiro J, Aires A, Carvalho R, Amaral JS, Barros L, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Screening of Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities in Pomegranate, Quince, and Persimmon Leaf, Peel, and Seed: Valorization of Autumn Fruits By-Products for a One Health Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1086. [PMID: 37508182 PMCID: PMC10376090 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is increasing globally and is now one of the major public health problems. Therefore, there is a need to search for new antimicrobial agents. The food industry generates large amounts of by-products that are rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, which are known to have several health benefits, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Thus, we aimed to characterize the phenolic compounds present in pomegranate, quince, and persimmon by-products, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Phenolic compounds were extracted from pomegranate, quince, and persimmon leaves, seeds, and peels using a mixture of ethanol/water (80/20). The polyphenol profile of the extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In general, leaves showed higher concentrations of phenolics than the peel and seeds of fruits. In total, 23 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified, with sanguiin and apigenin-3-O-galactoside being present in the highest concentrations. Leaf extracts of pomegranate showed higher antioxidant activities than the other components in all methods used. In general, all extracts had a greater antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Persimmon leaf and seed extracts inhibited a greater number of bacteria, both Gram-positive and -negative. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) detected among Gram-positive and -negative bacteria was 10 mg/mL for pomegranate peel and leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius and for pomegranate leaf extract against Escherichia coli. Our results reinforce the need to value food industry by-products that could be used as food preservatives and antibiotic adjuvants against multiresistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jessica Ribeiro
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosa Carvalho
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Joana S Amaral
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Karaoğlu Ö, Serhatlı M, Pelvan E, Karadeniz B, Demirtas I, Çakırca G, Sipahix H, Özhan Y, Karapınar G, Charehsaz M, Aydın A, Yesilada E, Alasalvar C. Chewable tablet with herbal extracts and propolis arrests Wuhan and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus. J Funct Foods 2023; 105:105544. [PMID: 37155488 PMCID: PMC10113600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of COVID-19 is of paramount importance for public health. Some natural extracts might have the potential to suppress COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study aimed to design a standardised, efficient, and safe chewable tablet formulation (with propolis and three herbal extracts) for possible prevention against two variants (Wuhan B.1.36 and Omicron BA.1.1) of SARS-CoV-2 virus and other viral infections. Green tea, bilberry, dried pomegranate peel, and propolis extracts were selected for this purpose. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of each component, as well as the developed chewable tablet, were examined against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus using Vero E6 cells with the xCELLigence real-time cell analyser-multiple plates system. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, as well as mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of the chewable tablet were also analysed. Compared to the control, it was observed that the chewable tablet at concentrations of 110 and 55 µg/mL had antiviral activity rates of 101% and 81%, respectively, for the Wuhan variant and 112% and 35%, respectively, for the Omicron variant. The combination of herbal extracts with propolis extract were synergically more effective (∼7-fold higher) than that of individual extract. The present work suggests that a combination of herbal extracts with propolis at suitable concentrations can effectively be used as a food supplement for the prevention of both variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the oral cavity (the first entry point of the SARS-CoV-2 virus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Öznur Karaoğlu
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Müge Serhatlı
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ebru Pelvan
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bülent Karadeniz
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Demirtas
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gamze Çakırca
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahix
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Özhan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gözdem Karapınar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Charehsaz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydın
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-İstanbul, Turkey
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Augustynowicz D, Lemieszek MK, Strawa JW, Wiater A, Tomczyk M. Phytochemical Profiling of Extracts from Rare Potentilla Species and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054836. [PMID: 36902263 PMCID: PMC10002591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the common use of Potentilla L. species (Rosaceae) as herbal medicines, a number of species still remain unexplored. Thus, the present study is a continuation of a study evaluating the phytochemical and biological profiles of aqueous acetone extracts from selected Potentilla species. Altogether, 10 aqueous acetone extracts were obtained from the aerial parts of P. aurea (PAU7), P. erecta (PER7), P. hyparctica (PHY7), P. megalantha (PME7), P. nepalensis (PNE7), P. pensylvanica (PPE7), P. pulcherrima (PPU7), P. rigoi (PRI7), and P. thuringiaca (PTH7), leaves of P. fruticosa (PFR7), as well as from the underground parts of P. alba (PAL7r) and P. erecta (PER7r). The phytochemical evaluation consisted of selected colourimetric methods, including total phenolic (TPC), tannin (TTC), proanthocyanidin (TPrC), phenolic acid (TPAC), and flavonoid (TFC) contents, as well as determination of the qualitative secondary metabolite composition by the employment of LC-HRMS (liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry) analysis. The biological assessment included an evaluation of the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative properties of the extracts against human colon epithelial cell line CCD841 CoN and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180. The highest TPC, TTC, and TPAC were found in PER7r (326.28 and 269.79 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract and 263.54 mg caffeic acid equivalents (CAE)/g extract, respectively). The highest TPrC was found in PAL7r (72.63 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g extract), and the highest TFC was found in PHY7 (113.29 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/g extract). The LC-HRMS analysis showed the presence of a total of 198 compounds, including agrimoniin, pedunculagin, astragalin, ellagic acid, and tiliroside. An examination of the anticancer properties revealed the highest decrease in colon cancer cell viability in response to PAL7r (IC50 = 82 µg/mL), while the strongest antiproliferative effect was observed in LS180 treated with PFR7 (IC50 = 50 µg/mL) and PAL7r (IC50 = 52 µg/mL). An LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay revealed that most of the extracts were not cytotoxic against colon epithelial cells. At the same time, the tested extracts for the whole range of concentrations damaged the membranes of colon cancer cells. The highest cytotoxicity was observed for PAL7r, which in concentrations from 25 to 250 µg/mL increased LDH levels by 145.7% and 479.0%, respectively. The previously and currently obtained results indicated that some aqueous acetone extracts from Potentilla species have anticancer potential and thus encourage further studies in order to develop a new efficient and safe therapeutic strategy for people who have been threatened by or suffered from colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Augustynowicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Kinga Lemieszek
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, ul. Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Władysław Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-56-94
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11
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Hejduk A, Sójka M, Klewicki R. Stability of ellagitannins in processing products of selected Fragaria fruit during 12 months of storage. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1354-1366. [PMID: 36911835 PMCID: PMC10003011 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the stability of ellagitannins (ETs), ellagic acid, and conjugates (EAC) in unclarified juices and purees produced from two selected berries of the Rosaceae family, genus Fragaria. A total of 16 ellagitannins have been identified in the products. Stability studies were carried out for 1 year in three temperature variants: -20, 4, and 20°C (±2°C). The quantitative and qualitative determinations of ETs + EAC were performed every 3 months using the HPLC-DAD and LC-MS techniques. An important element of the research was also the determination of ETs transformations that occur in juices and purees during storage. The stability of ETs + EAC is primarily determined by the temperature and storage time as well as the matrix. After 1 year of storage at -20°C, the sum of ETs and EAC did not decrease in strawberry juice. On the other hand, the decrease was shown at the level of 30 and 20% at temperatures of 4 and 20°C, respectively. In strawberry purees, a decrease in ETs + EAC of 15-28% was recorded during storage in all three temperature variants. After 1 year, in wild strawberry juice, 20-50% of ellagitannin decreased, in puree the decrease in ETs + EAC concentration was 40-54%. With increasing temperature, the percentage of compounds with lower molecular weight increased-from 10 to 14% at temperatures of 4 and 20°C, respectively. At the temperature of -20°C, the proportion of low- and high-molecular-weight compounds remained stable in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Hejduk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
| | - Michał Sójka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
| | - Robert Klewicki
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
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12
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Man G, Ma Y, Xu L, Liao X, Zhao L. Comparison of thermal and non-thermal extraction methods on free and bound phenolics in pomegranate peel. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2023.103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Caballero V, Estévez M, Tomás-Barberán FA, Morcuende D, Martín I, Delgado J. Biodegradation of Punicalagin into Ellagic Acid by Selected Probiotic Bacteria: A Study of the Underlying Mechanisms by MS-Based Proteomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16273-16285. [PMID: 36519204 PMCID: PMC9801417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a well-known source of bioactive phenolic compounds such as ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and flavanols. Punicalagin, one of the main constituents of pomegranate, needs to be biodegraded by bacteria to yield metabolites of medicinal interest. In this work, we tested 30 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their capacity to transform punicalagin from a punicalagin-rich pomegranate extract into smaller bioactive molecules, namely, ellagic acid and urolithins. These were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS2). Further, we evaluated the molecular mechanism governing this transformation through label-free comparative MS-based proteomics. All tested LAB strains were capable of transforming punicalagin into ellagic acid, while the biosynthesis of urolithins was not observed. Proteomic analysis revealed an increase of generic transglycosylases that might have a hydrolytic role in the target phenolic molecule, coupled with an increase in the quantity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which might play a relevant role in transporting the resulting byproducts in and out of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Caballero
- Food
Technology, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003Cáceres, Spain
- Food
Hygiene and Safety, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mario Estévez
- Food
Technology, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - David Morcuende
- Food
Technology, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003Cáceres, Spain
| | - Irene Martín
- Food
Hygiene and Safety, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003Cáceres, Spain
| | - Josué Delgado
- Food
Hygiene and Safety, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003Cáceres, Spain
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14
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Yisimayili Z, Chao Z. A review on phytochemicals, metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetics studies of the different parts (juice, seeds, peel, flowers, leaves and bark) of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Food Chem 2022; 395:133600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Polyphenols and Their Nanoformulations: Protective Effects against Human Diseases. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101639. [PMID: 36295074 PMCID: PMC9604961 DOI: 10.3390/life12101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the secondary metabolites synthesized by the plants as a part of defense machinery. Owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, antineoplastic, and immunomodulatory effects, natural polyphenols have been used for a long time to prevent and treat a variety of diseases. As a result, these phytochemicals may be able to act as therapeutic agents in treating cancer and cardiovascular and neurological disorders. The limited bioavailability of polyphenolic molecules is one issue with their utilization. For the purpose of increasing the bioavailability of these chemicals, many formulation forms have been developed, with nanonization standing out among them. The present review outlines the biological potential of nanoformulated plant polyphenolic compounds. It also summarizes the employability of various polyphenols as nanoformulations for cancer and neurological and cardiovascular disease treatment. Nanoencapsulated polyphenols, singular or in combinations, effective both in vitro and in vivo, need more investigation.
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16
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El Newehy NM, Abd-Alhaseeb MM, Omran GA, Harraz FM, Shawky E. Comparative metabolomics reveal intraspecies variability in bioactive compounds of different cultivars of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) and their waste by-products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5891-5902. [PMID: 35437748 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The different parts of pomegranate fruit are considered a powerful mixture of bioactive compounds yet the peels and pulps of the fruits are usually discarded and considered as industrial waste. In this work, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS) was utilized for metabolomics analysis of different parts (peel, pulp, seed and juice) of pomegranate fruit cultivars to verify possible variations among the fruits and their waste products as potential sources of functional constituents. RESULTS Orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) coefficient-plot showed enrichment of phenolic compounds such as punicalagin and ellagic acid derivatives in pulp samples while seeds class was enriched in phlorizin, catechin and quercetin, juice class showed abundance of naringenin and pelargonidin-3-pentoside while peels were enriched in anthocyanins and flavonoids including cyanidin diglycoside, quercetin and luteolin glycosides. Although the juice samples of almost all tested cultivars showed remarkable cytotoxic activity, the pulp samples, particularly the Manfalouti cultivar, exhibited the most potent [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) = 2.367 ± 0.14 μg/mL in MCF-7, IC50 = 3.854 ± 0.23 μg/mL in Hep-G2 cell lines]. OPLS models were constructed for determination of cytotoxicity-associated metabolites among where the coefficients plots revealed tannins; granatin A, ellagic acid derivatives, punicalagin α and β, in addition to anthocyanins and phenolic compounds; cyanidin diglycoside, quercetin, phlorizin, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, naringenin and liquiritin were more pertinent with cytotoxicity of the different parts of pomegranate fruit. CONCLUSION The results obtained allow for the full utilization of the resources of pomegranate fruit and its industrial waste as sources of bioactive compounds. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal M El Newehy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Abd-Alhaseeb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Omran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Fathallah M Harraz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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17
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Akter R, Chan Ahn J, Nahar J, Awais M, Ramadhania ZM, Oh SW, Oh JH, Kong BM, Rupa EJ, Lee DW, Yang DC, Chan kang S. Pomegranate juice fermented by tannin acyl hydrolase and Lactobacillus vespulae DCY75 enhance estrogen receptor expression and anti-inflammatory effect. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010103. [PMID: 36249796 PMCID: PMC9558905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolics are phytochemicals in plants, fruits, and vegetables have potential health-promoting efficacies. However, mostly available as a complex form. So, to increase the contents and nutritional value of the phenolic compounds, fermentation is most readily used in the food industry. Especially, the hydrolyzable tannins present in the pomegranate that can be liberated into monomolecular substances, which enhances biological activity. Thus, this study aims to convert hydrolyzable tannins to ellagic acid by fermentation using Tannin acyl hydrolase (TAH) and a novel bacteria strain Lactobacillus vespulae DCY75, respectively to investigate its effect on Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) mRNA expression along with inflammation inhibition. As a result, the fermentation enhanced the ellagic acid content up to 70% by the synergetic effect of TAH and DCY75. Furthermore, fermented pomegranate (PG-F) increased cellular proliferation as well as upregulated the gene expression of estrogen regulators such as ERα, ERβ, and pS2 in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), which commonly used to evaluate estrogenic activity. Moreover, to study the inflammation associated with low estrogen in menopause, we have analyzed the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 cells. The PG-F juice did not exert any cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited NO production along with the downregulation of a major pro-inflammatory cytokine iNOS which indicates the anti-inflammatory potential of it. To sum it up, the fermented commercial pomegranate juice using a novel bacteria strain increased the amount of ellagic acid that the value added bioactive of pomegranate and it has significantly increased the estrogenic activity via upregulating estrogen related biomarkers expression and reduced the risk of related inflammation via NO/iNOS inhibition. This study could be a preliminary study to use fermented pomegranate as a potential health functional food after further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Akter
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Zelika Mega Ramadhania
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Se-Woung Oh
- SMART FRUIT CO., LTD., Guri, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Oh
- Fruitycompany Co., Ltd., Guri, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Byoung Man Kong
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Esrat Jahan Rupa
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | | | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Deok Chun Yang, ; Se Chan kang,
| | - Se Chan kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Deok Chun Yang, ; Se Chan kang,
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18
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Argenziano R, Moccia F, Esposito R, D’Errico G, Panzella L, Napolitano A. Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101860. [PMID: 36290583 PMCID: PMC9598286 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignins are phenolic polymers endowed with potent antioxidant properties that are finding increasing applications in a variety of fields. Consequently, there is a growing need for easily available and sustainable sources, as well as for green extraction methodologies of these compounds. Herein, a ball milling/deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based treatment is reported as an efficient strategy for the recovery of antioxidant lignins from the shells of edible nuts, namely chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, and pistachios. In particular, preliminarily ball-milled shells were treated with 1:2 mol/mol choline chloride:lactic acid at 120 °C for 24 h, and the extracted material was recovered in 19–27% w/w yields after precipitation by the addition of 0.01 M HCl. Extensive spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis allowed for confirmation that the main phenolic constituents present in the shell extracts were lignins, accompanied by small amounts (0.9% w/w) of ellagic acid, in the case of chestnut shells. The recovered samples exhibited very promising antioxidant properties, particularly in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (EC50 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.19 mg/mL). These results open new perspectives for the valorization of nut shells as green sources of lignins for applications as antioxidants, e.g., in the biomedical, food, and/or cosmetic sector.
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Moccia F, Liberti D, Giovando S, Caddeo C, Monti DM, Panzella L, Napolitano A. Chestnut Wood Mud as a Source of Ellagic Acid for Dermo-Cosmetic Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1681. [PMID: 36139755 PMCID: PMC9495433 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) has long been recognized as a very active antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agent. However, its low bioavailability has often hampered its applications in health-related fields. Here, we report a phospholipid vesicle-based controlled release system for EA, involving the exploitation of chestnut wood mud (CWM), an industrial by-product from chestnut tannin production, as a largely available and low-cost source of this compound. Two kinds of CWM with different particle size distributions, indicated as CWM-A and CWM-B (<100 and 32 µm, respectively), containing 5 ± 1% w/w EA, were incorporated into transfersomes. The latter were small in size (~100 nm), homogeneously dispersed, and negatively charged. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays indicated up to three-fold improvement in the antioxidant properties of CWM upon incorporation into transfersomes. The kinetics of EA released under simulated physiological conditions were evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and HPLC analysis. The best results were obtained with CWM-B (100% of EA gradually released after 37 days at pH 7.4). A stepwise increase in the antioxidant properties of the released material was also observed. Cell-based experiments confirmed the efficacy of CWM-B transfersomes as antioxidant agents in contrasting photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Moccia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liberti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Samuele Giovando
- Centro Ricerche per la Chimica Fine Srl for Silvateam Spa, Via Torre 7, I-12080 San Michele Mondovì, Italy
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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20
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Gigliobianco MR, Cortese M, Nannini S, Di Nicolantonio L, Peregrina DV, Lupidi G, Vitali LA, Bocchietto E, Di Martino P, Censi R. Chemical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of the Peel and Male Flower By-Products of Four Varieties of Punica granatum L. Cultivated in the Marche Region for Their Use in Cosmetic Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040768. [PMID: 35453453 PMCID: PMC9030693 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We are now seeing an increase in the production of agri-food waste, which is an essential resource for the recovery of bioactive compounds that may be employed as innovative natural ingredients in cosmetics. To date, the approach to cosmetics preservation has seen a significant shift in the search for biological components that give healthier alternatives for customers and help businesses operate in an environmentally friendly manner. To achieve this goal, we studied pomegranate extracts using the peel and, for the first time, extracts from the male flowers of a wide pomegranate variety cultivated in the Marche region, specifically, the Wonderful, Mollar de Elche, Parfianka, and less-studied G1 varieties. We studied the phenol compounds profile, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity, and cell viability of the obtained pomegranate extracts. The identification and quantification of phenol compounds belonging to different classes, such as hydrolysable tannins, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, dihydroflavonol, gallocatechin, and anthocyanins, were performed using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Punicalagin isomers and punicalin resulted in the most abundant polyphenols found in the peel and male flower extracts. Mollar de Elche 2020 peel extract revealed a high concentration of punicalagin A and B (7206.4 mg/kg and 5812.9), while the content of gallic acid revealed high results in the G1 and Parfianka varieties. All extracts were spectrophotometrically analysed to determine their total phenol content (TPC) using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and their antioxidant capacity (AC). In terms of the total phenol obtained by the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method, Mollar de Elche 2020 extracts reported the highest TPC content of 12.341 µmol GAE/g. Results revealed that the Mollar de Elche and Wonderful 2020 peel extracts demonstrated the highest TPC and AC. Furthermore, AC results indicated that the peel extracts displayed higher AC than the male flower extract due to the high punicalagin content detected by UPLC analysis. The antimicrobial activity testing revealed that the Wonderful and G1 2020 peel extracts resulted active against Escherichia coli, while all extracts exhibited promising anticandidal activity. Additionally, the cytocompatibility was evaluated in keratinocytes HaCaT cells by testing concentrations of pomegranate extracts ranging from 0.15 to 5.00 mg/mL. Extracts were non-toxic for the cells in the tested concentration range. The acquired results may help exploit pomegranate agri-food waste products provided by the Marche region’s short supply chain for their use as an antimicrobial and antioxidant booster in the formulation of cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Cortese
- CHiP Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.N.); (G.L.); (L.A.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Samanta Nannini
- ABICH Srl, Biological and Chemical Toxicology Research Laboratory, 28924 Verbania, Italy; (S.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Lucrezia Di Nicolantonio
- CHiP Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.N.); (G.L.); (L.A.V.); (R.C.)
- Recusol Srl, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | | | - Giulio Lupidi
- CHiP Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.N.); (G.L.); (L.A.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Luca Agostino Vitali
- CHiP Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.N.); (G.L.); (L.A.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Elena Bocchietto
- ABICH Srl, Biological and Chemical Toxicology Research Laboratory, 28924 Verbania, Italy; (S.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Piera Di Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, Università “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti e Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 1, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Censi
- CHiP Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.N.); (G.L.); (L.A.V.); (R.C.)
- Recusol Srl, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
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Ruan JH, Li J, Adili G, Sun GY, Abuduaini M, Abdulla R, Maiwulanjiang M, Aisa HA. Phenolic Compounds and Bioactivities from Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Peels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3678-3686. [PMID: 35312314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate peels, which are normally processed as the main byproduct of pomegranate juice production, are worthy of being researched and utilized for the aim of economic and environmental benefits. In a phytochemical investigation of the peels of Punica granatum L., 10 phenolic compounds containing a common hexahydroxy diphenol moiety were isolated. Three of them were identified for the first time and named as pomegranatins A-C, and from the other seven known ones, two of them were obtained from pomegranate peels for the first time. Their structures were determined via extensive spectroscopic analysis. Besides, for the sake of preliminarily comprehending their biological activities, in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, as well as antitumor assays were detected. In the DPPH antioxidant assay, six compounds presented significant free radical scavenging ability. Two compounds exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans; one compound could inhibit the proliferation of both C. albicans and Escherichia coli within limits. Four compounds possessed weak antitumor activity toward the Hela cell line without taking into account the bioavailability of ellagitannins. Overall, these results provided further information on the structural diversity of bioactive compounds present in pomegranate peels, as well as on their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Ruan
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Guliqire Adili
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guang-Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Munire Abuduaini
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Rahima Abdulla
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Maitinuer Maiwulanjiang
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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22
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Arias C, Rodríguez P, Cortés M, Soto I, Quintero J, Vaillant F. Innovative Process Coupling Short Steam Blanching with Vacuum Flash-Expansion Produces in One Single Stage High-Quality Purple Passion Fruit Smoothies. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060832. [PMID: 35327255 PMCID: PMC8947655 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Short steam blanching coupled with flash-vacuum expansion (FVE) and de-pulping was used to obtain purée from purple passion fruits discarded from the export chain. Different steam blanching holding times (80, 95, 110 s) were tested at pressure of 130 kPa. After FVE and vacuum de-pulping, fibers, anthocyanins, carotenoids, rheological properties, and microbial reduction were evaluated in the purées. Fruit purées are obtained with a much higher content of cell-wall and bioactive compounds compared to the fresh arils since part of the fruit shell is incorporated into the purée (approximately 20%), which greatly increases the yield of production. Purées exhibited increasing shear-thinning flow behavior with blanching holding time, resulting in a smoothie-like beverage. A reduction greater than 5 log10 CFU/mL was obtained for molds, yeasts, aerobic mesophilic, and coliforms for all the treatments. The shelf life of smoothies based on nutritional and sensorial quality was extended up to 90 days at refrigeration temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arias
- Departamento Ingeniería Agrícola y Alimentos, Facultad Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050012, Colombia; (C.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Pablo Rodríguez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria—Agrosavia-Centro de Investigación La Selva, Research Unit ITAV: Innovaciones Tecnológicas para Agregar Valor a Recursos Agrícolas, Rionegro 054048, Colombia; (I.S.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-317-6582802
| | - Misael Cortés
- Departamento Ingeniería Agrícola y Alimentos, Facultad Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050012, Colombia; (C.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Iris Soto
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria—Agrosavia-Centro de Investigación La Selva, Research Unit ITAV: Innovaciones Tecnológicas para Agregar Valor a Recursos Agrícolas, Rionegro 054048, Colombia; (I.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Julián Quintero
- Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050012, Colombia;
| | - Fabrice Vaillant
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria—Agrosavia-Centro de Investigación La Selva, Research Unit ITAV: Innovaciones Tecnológicas para Agregar Valor a Recursos Agrícolas, Rionegro 054048, Colombia; (I.S.); (F.V.)
- French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), UMR Qualisud, Rionegro 050012, Colombia
- Joint Research Unit—UMR Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Institut Agro, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de La Réunion, 34000 Montpellier, France
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23
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Chen XX, Khyeam S, Zhang ZJ, Zhang KYB. Granatin B and punicalagin from Chinese herbal medicine pomegranate peels elicit reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 97:153923. [PMID: 35026619 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ranks among the most common cancers. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) based first-line chemotherapy for colorectal cancer treatment often leads to chemoresistance and gastrointestinal mucositis. PURPOSE This study aimed to find potential therapeutic agents from herbal medicine with anti-colorectal cancer and anti-mucositis activities. METHODS Chinese medicine theory, network pharmacology analyses, and antioxidant activity coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses were used to identify potential bioactive compounds. HT-29 human colorectal cancer cell culture and xenograft tumor models were employed to study anti-colorectal cancer efficacy. Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 and 5-FU treated Dark Agouti rats were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory and anti-mucositis activities. Histological staining, immunofluorescence imaging, western blots, and flow cytometric analyses were employed to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Both Chinese medicine theory and network pharmacology analyses indicated pomegranate peels as a potential anti-colorectal cancer and anti-mucositis agent. Antioxidant activity coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses revealed granatin B and punicalagin as the most potent antioxidant compounds in pomegranate peels. Granatin B and punicalagin demonstrated superior anti-colorectal cancer activities in both cell culture and xenograft tumor models. Granatin B and punicalagin also exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells and anti-mucositis activities in 5-FU-treated rats. Mechanistic studies revealed that granatin B and punicalagin induced reactive oxygen species-mediated S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Moreover, these compounds sensitized HT-29 cells to 5-FU-induced cell death and S-phase cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION We report that granatin B and punicalagin exhibit superior anti-colorectal cancer and anti-mucositis activities. To the best of our knowledge, these results are novel and suggest that utilizing phenols from herbal medicine, such as granatin B and punicalagin, to target reactive oxygen species may be an innovative therapy to treat colorectal cancer and intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Cardiovascular Research Institute & Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sheamin Khyeam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute & Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kalin Yan-Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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24
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Castillo CMS, Caroca R, Lazo-Vélez MA, Antonyak H, Polishchuk A, Lysiuk R, Oliinyk P, De Masi L, Bontempo P, Martorell M, Daştan SD, Rigano D, Wink M, Cho WC. Ellagic Acid: A Review on Its Natural Sources, Chemical Stability, and Therapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3848084. [PMID: 35237379 PMCID: PMC8885183 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3848084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound naturally occurring as secondary metabolite in many plant taxa. EA content is considerable in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and in wood and bark of some tree species. Structurally, EA is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP), a dimeric gallic acid derivative, produced mainly by hydrolysis of ellagitannins, a widely distributed group of secondary metabolites. EA is attracting attention due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative properties. EA displayed pharmacological effects in various in vitro and in vivo model systems. Furthermore, EA has also been well documented for its antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review reports on the health-promoting effects of EA, along with possible mechanisms of its action in maintaining the health status, by summarizing the literature related to the therapeutic potential of this polyphenolic in the treatment of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Caroca
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Group, Science and Technology Faculty, Universidad del Azuay, Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad del Azuay, Grupos Estratégicos de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición Industrial (GEICA-UDA), Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Marco A. Lazo-Vélez
- Universidad del Azuay, Grupos Estratégicos de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición Industrial (GEICA-UDA), Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, INF 329, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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25
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Zhang M, Cui S, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tang X, Chen W. Ellagic acid and intestinal microflora metabolite urolithin A: A review on its sources, metabolic distribution, health benefits, and biotransformation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6900-6922. [PMID: 35142569 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2036693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Foods rich in ellagic tannins are first hydrolyzed into ellagic acid in the stomach and small intestine, and then converted into urolithins with high bioavailability by the intestinal flora. Urolithin has beneficially biological effects, it can induce adipocyte browning, improve cholesterol metabolism, inhibit graft tumor growth, relieve inflammation, and downregulate neuronal amyloid protein formation via the β3-AR/PKA/p38MAPK, ERK/AMPKα/SREBP1, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and TLR4, AHR receptors. But differences have been reported in urolithin production capacity among different individuals. Thus, it is of great significance to explore the biological functions of urolithin, screen the strains responsible for biotransformation of urolithin, and explore the corresponding functional genes. Tannin acyl hydrolase can hydrolyze tannins into ellagic acid, and the genera Gordonibacter and Ellagibacter can metabolize ellagic acid into urolithins. Therefore, application of "single bacterium", "single bacterium + enzyme", and "microflora" can achieve biotransformation of urolithin A. In this review, the source and metabolic pathway of ellagic tannins, and the mechanisms of the biological function of a metabolite, urolithin A, are discussed. The current strategies of biotransformation to obtain urolithin A are expounded to provide ideas for further studies on the relationship between urolithin and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
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Blancas-Benitez FJ, Pérez-Jiménez J, Sañudo-Barajas JA, Rocha-Guzmán NE, González-Aguilar GA, Tovar J, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG. Indigestible fraction of guava fruit: Phenolic profile, colonic fermentation and effect on HT-29 cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Sanna C, Marengo A, Acquadro S, Caredda A, Lai R, Corona A, Tramontano E, Rubiolo P, Esposito F. In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Properties of Punica granatum L. Leaves, Bark, and Peel Extracts and Their Main Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2124. [PMID: 34685933 PMCID: PMC8539310 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a search for natural compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity, we studied the effect of the ethanolic extract obtained from leaves, bark, and peels of Punica granatum L. for the inhibition of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT)-associated ribonuclease H (RNase H) and integrase (IN) LEDGF-dependent activities. The chemical analyses led to the detection of compounds belonging mainly to the phenolic and flavonoid chemical classes. Ellagic acid, flavones, and triterpenoid molecules were identified in leaves. The bark and peels were characterized by the presence of hydrolyzable tannins, such as punicalins and punicalagins, together with ellagic acid. Among the isolated compounds, the hydrolyzable tannins and ellagic acid showed a very high inhibition (IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 1.4 µM and 0.065 to 0.09 µM of the RNase H and IN activities, respectively). Of the flavonoids, luteolin and apigenin were found to be able to inhibit RNase H and IN functions (IC50 values in the 3.7-22 μM range), whereas luteolin 7-O-glucoside showed selective activity for HIV-1 IN. In contrast, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid were selective for the HIV-1 RNase H activity. Our results strongly support the potential of non-edible P. granatum organs as a valuable source of anti-HIV-1 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Sanna
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Arianna Marengo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Stefano Acquadro
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Alessia Caredda
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
| | - Roberta Lai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Angela Corona
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
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28
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Yu M, Gouvinhas I, Barros A. Variation of the Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Freshly Prepared Pomegranate Leaf Infusions over One-Day Storage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081187. [PMID: 34439435 PMCID: PMC8388870 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, an intensive search for natural and novel types of antioxidant polyphenolics has been carried out on numerous plant materials. However, the current literature has very little information on their storage stability in the form of freshly prepared infusions. This study aims to characterize the polyphenolic composition and the antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaf infusions over one-day storage (analyzed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h). Spectrophotometric evaluation demonstrated that the infusion presented no significant changes in the content of total phenols (131.40–133.47 mg gallic acid g−1) and ortho-diphenols (239.91–244.25 mg gallic acid g−1). The infusion also maintained high stability (over 98% and 82%, respectively) for flavonoids (53.30–55.84 mg rutin g−1) and condensed tannins (102.15–124.20 mg epicatechin g−1), with stable (>90%) potent antioxidant capacity (1.5–2.2 mmol Trolox g−1) throughout 0–24 h storage. The main decrease was observed during 0–2 h storage of flavonoids, 8–24 h storage of tannins, and 0–4 h storage of antioxidant capacity. Chromatographic analysis further revealed that 7 decreased and 11 increased compounds were found within 0–24 h storage. The good stability of the total polyphenolics and antioxidant properties might be related to the complex conversion and activity compensation among these compounds. The findings suggest that pomegranate leaf infusion could be of great interest in the valorization of high added-value by-products and in the application of green and functional alternatives in the food-pharma and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyou Yu
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Irene Gouvinhas
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.G.); (A.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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29
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Akter S, Hong H, Netzel M, Tinggi U, Fletcher M, Osborne S, Sultanbawa Y. Determination of Ellagic Acid, Punicalagin, and Castalagin from Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum) by a Validated UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS Methodology. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Inada KOP, Leite IB, Martins ABN, Fialho E, Tomás-Barberán FA, Perrone D, Monteiro M. Jaboticaba berry: A comprehensive review on its polyphenol composition, health effects, metabolism, and the development of food products. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110518. [PMID: 34399496 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Jaboticaba, a popular Brazilian berry, has been studied due to its relevant polyphenol composition, health benefits and potential use for the development of derived food products. Considering that around 200 articles have been published in recent years, this review aims to provide comprehensive and updated information, as well as a critical discussion on: (i) jaboticaba polyphenolic composition and extraction methods for their accurate determination; (ii) jaboticaba polyphenol's metabolism; (iii) biological effects of the fruit and the relationship with its polyphenols and their metabolites; (iv) challenges in the development of jaboticaba derived products. The determination of jaboticaba polyphenols should employ hydrolysis procedures during extraction, followed by liquid chromatographic analysis. Jaboticaba polyphenols, mainly anthocyanins and ellagitannins, are extensively metabolized, and their metabolites are probably the most important contributors to the relevant health effects associated with the fruit, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic. Most of the technological processing of jaboticaba fruit and its residues is related to their application as a colorant, antioxidant, antimicrobial and source of polyphenols. The scientific literature still lacks studies on the metabolism and bioactivity of polyphenols from jaboticaba in humans, as well as the effect of technological processes on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ohanna Pimenta Inada
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2° andar, sala 16, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT, Bloco A, sala 528A, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12° andar, Bloco D, sala 12.002, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Iris Batista Leite
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2° andar, sala 16, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Neves Martins
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT, Bloco A, sala 528A, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Fialho
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2° andar, sala 16, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Daniel Perrone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT, Bloco A, sala 528A, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Monteiro
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2° andar, sala 16, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Nguyen TH, Vu DC. A Review on Phytochemical Composition and Potential Health-promoting Properties of Walnuts. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1912084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trang H.D. Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danh C. Vu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
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Advanced characterization of polyphenols from Myrciaria jaboticaba peel and lipid protection in in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem 2021; 359:129959. [PMID: 33965762 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted and solvent extractions resulted in similar levels of hydrolyzable tannins (10.3-6.0 mg/g), anthocyanins (7.8-10.2 mg/g) and flavonols (0.24-0.32 mg/g) for dried Myrciaria jaboticaba peel (DJP). Ultrasound was efficient for the extraction of poorly soluble hydrolyzable tannins but affected the stability of anthocyanins and flavonols. UPLC-DAD-MSn allowed the identification of 44 hydrolyzable tannins as single and mixed hexosides bearing galloyl, HHDP and tergalloyl units. Twelve mixed HHDP-galloylgluconic acids and tergalloylated hexosides were newly discovered in this work. Acid hydrolysis of both ultrasonic extract and DJP yielded five major compounds, i.e. gallic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid-C-hexoside, valoneic acid dilactone and sanguisorbic acid dilactone and pointed to higher contents in hydrolyzable tannins than by summing individual polyphenols after UPLC. Last, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and hydrolyzable tannins from the ultrasonic extract inhibited lipid peroxidation of a Western type meal in in vitro digestion, suggesting a health benefit for these jabuticaba polyphenols.
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Fibrin Biopolymer Incorporated with Antimicrobial Agents: A Proposal for Coating Denture Bases. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071618. [PMID: 33810381 PMCID: PMC8037169 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of the denture base surface, in combination with the oral environment, promote the colonization and development of Candida albicans biofilm, which is the main cause of denture stomatitis. This study evaluated the effectiveness of fibrin biopolymer with digluconate chlorhexidine or Punica granatum alcoholic extract to prevent C. albicans biofilm. Conventional heat polymerized and pre-polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) circular specimens (10 × 2 mm) were fabricated (n = 504) and randomly divided into groups: no treatment (control—CT), fibrin biopolymer coating (FB), fibrin biopolymer with P. granatum (FBPg), or digluconate of chlorhexidine (FBCh) coating. The specimens were inoculated with C. albicans SC5314 (1 × 107 cells/mL) and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h. Crystal violet and colony-forming unit assays were used to quantify the total biofilm biomass and biofilm-living cells. A qualitative analysis was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data obtained are expressed as means and standard deviations and were statistically analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05). The FBPg and FBCh groups inhibited the growth of C. albicans biofilm in both PMMA materials analyzed, with FBCh performing better in all periods evaluated (p < 0.0001). The colony forming unit (CFU) assay showed that the FB group favored the C. albicans biofilm growth at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.0001), with no differences with CT group at 72 h (p = 0.790). All groups showed an enhancement in biofilm development up to 72 h (p < 0.0001), except the FBCh group (p = 0.100). No statistical differences were found between the PMMA base materials (p > 0.050), except in the FB group (p < 0.0001). Fibrin biopolymer, albeit a scaffold for the growth of C. albicans, when combined with chlorhexidine digluconate or P. granatum, demonstrated excellent performance as a drug delivery system, preventing and controlling the formation of denture biofilm.
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Cortés-Martín A, Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Meoro A, Selma MV, Espín JC. Pharmacological Therapy Determines the Gut Microbiota Modulation by a Pomegranate Extract Nutraceutical in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001048. [PMID: 33458928 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Poly-pharmacological therapy shapes the gut microbiota (GM) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. The effects of polyphenols in poly-medicated MetS patients are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and crossover trial in poly-medicated MetS patients (n=50) explored whether the effects of a pomegranate extract nutraceutical (PE, 320 mg phenolics/day for 1 month) are affected by the drug therapy. Considering the lipid-lowering (LL-), anti-hypertensive (HP-) and(or) anti-diabetic (AD-) treatments: GM (16S rRNA sequencing), short-chain fatty acids, 40 inflammatory-metabolic and endotoxemia-related biomarkers, associations between biomarkers and GM with 53 cardiometabolic dysfunctions-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and urolithin metabotypes (UMs) influence are evaluated. Representative SNPs-GM associations after PE include Lactococcus and ClostridiumXIVa with rs5443-GNB3 (G-protein-β-polypeptide-3) and ClostridiumXIVa with rs7903146-TCF7L2 (transcription-factor-7-like-2) and rs1137101-LEPR (leptin-receptor). PE decreases sICAM-1 in LL-patients and the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in all the patients. PE does not affect the other patients' markers as a group or stratifying by UMs. After PE, Lactococcus increases in AD-, LL-, and HP-patients, Bifidobacterium increases in LL- and AD-, while Clostridium XIVa decreases in non-LL- and non-HP-patients. CONCLUSION The prebiotic effect of PE depends on the medication, mainly on HP-treatments. Targeting GM can complement MetS therapy, but the patients' drug therapy should be considered individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Carlos Eduardo Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Amparo Meoro
- Service of Endocrinology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, Murcia, 30003, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Sun S, Huang S, Shi Y, Shao Y, Qiu J, Sedjoah RCAA, Yan Z, Ding L, Zou D, Xin Z. Extraction, isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activities of non-extractable polyphenols from pomegranate peel. Food Chem 2021; 351:129232. [PMID: 33639429 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-extractable polyphenols (NEPPs) in pomegranate peel were released by acid hydrolysis followed by extraction using ethyl acetate (EtOAc). Ten NEPPs were identified in the hydrolysate using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Six compounds were then isolated from the EtOAc extracts whose structures were identified as β-sitosterol-3-O-glycoside (1), β-sitosterol (2), ursolic acid (3), corosolic acid (4), asiatic acid (5) and arjunolic acid (6) using a wide range of spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 4-6 were isolated for the first time from pomegranate peel. Antimicrobial experiments revealed that compound 3 and 5 showed significant antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens, particularly compound 5 which exhibited selective inhibitive activity towards Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16 μg/ml. The present study has provided new insights into the composition of bound chemicals in pomegranate peel and laid a foundation for improving its further processing and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yaning Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiarong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Rita-Cindy Aye-Ayire Sedjoah
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Dandan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhihong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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36
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Wheat and Oat Brans as Sources of Polyphenol Compounds for Development of Antioxidant Nutraceutical Ingredients. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010115. [PMID: 33430507 PMCID: PMC7828044 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bran, a byproduct still mainly used for animal feed, is receiving increased attention as potential ingredient for a healthier diet. The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate the nutritional and antioxidant properties of wheat and oat bran in order to promote their use as nutraceutical ingredients in flour and/or other products. The effects of grain (wheat vs. oat) and milling fraction (whole grain vs. bran) on the phenolic profile (free vs. bound phenolics), antioxidant and nutrient profiles, and glycemic index were evaluated. Differences in antioxidant capacity through different methodologies between grain and bran were observed, supporting a higher in vitro antioxidant capacity of the whole grain than that of the refined flours, which lack the bran fraction. The highest RACI (Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index) corresponded to wheat bran bound fraction, which showed the highest concentration of ferulic acid and correlation with antioxidant parameters tested. The in vitro glycemic index of the bran fractions was reduced, as compared with grain, with lower values found for wheat. The results support the important benefits of the polyphenols linked to fiber and the importance to develop methods to increase bioavailability of these compounds, which would promote WB use as nutraceutical ingredient.
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Melgarejo-Sánchez P, Núñez-Gómez D, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Hernández F, Legua P, Melgarejo P. Pomegranate variety and pomegranate plant part, relevance from bioactive point of view: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 38650225 PMCID: PMC10973758 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to the Punicaceae plant family. It is an important fruit due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Pomegranates are widely distributed around the world and, therefore, have a broad genetic diversity, resulting in differences in their phytochemical composition. The scientific community has focused on the positive health effects of pomegranate as a whole, but the different varieties have rarely been compared according to their bioactive compounds and bioactivity. This review aims to provide a holistic overview of the current knowledge on the bioactivity of pomegranate trees, with an emphasis on differentiating both the varieties and the different plant parts. This review intends to provide a general and organized overview of the accumulated knowledge on pomegranates, the identification of the most bioactive varieties, their potential consumption pathways and seeks to provide knowledge on the present gaps to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Melgarejo-Sánchez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Juan J Martínez-Nicolás
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pilar Legua
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pablo Melgarejo
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
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38
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Andrade C, Ferreres F, Gomes NGM, Gil-Izquierdo A, Bapia S, Duangsrisai S, Pereira DM, Andrade PB, Valentão P. Gustavia gracillima Miers. flowers effects on enzymatic targets underlying metabolic disorders and characterization of its polyphenolic content by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS n. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109694. [PMID: 33233268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding Gustavia gracillima Miers widespread distribution in neotropical regions, its chemical profile and biological properties remain uninvestigated. A methanol extract obtained from the flowers was characterized through HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn, nine ellagic acid derivatives and twelve kaempferol 3-O-glycosides being identified and quantitated for the first time at the species and genus. Preliminary cytotoxicity screening did not reveal noticeable effects upon gastrointestinal representative cell lines (AGS, Caco-2 and Hep G2), which further prompted us to evaluate the impact in a series of targets involved in metabolic disorders and associated complications. Despite of the moderate inhibition towards 5-lipoxygense activity, G. gracillima methanol extract displayed significant effects on carbohydrates-hydrolysing enzymes. In contrast with the antidiabetic reference drug acarbose, the extract was able to selectively inhibit yeast α-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 4.72 µg/mL), with negligible inhibitory effects upon α-amylase. Kinetic studies pointed to a model of mixed inhibition with a great binding activity, characterized by an inhibitory constant of 2.91 µg/mL. The notable inhibitory activity was also confirmed in α-glucosidase homogenates isolated from human intestinal cells (IC50 = 34.03 µg/mL). Moreover, the extract obtained from the flowers of G. gracillima displayed significant aldose reductase inhibition (IC50 = 61.88 µg/mL), as well as O2- and NO scavenging properties. A moderate inhibitory effect was also recorded against pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 362.17 µg/mL) through a mixed inhibition mode. Recorded data supports the potential incorporation of G. gracillima flowers on antidiabetic herbal formulations and/or supplements, with not only straight action on carbohydrates digestion, but also direct interference with targets involved on subsequent diabetes events, such as triglycerides metabolism, inflammation and radical-mediated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia. UCAM, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Nelson G M Gomes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sorawit Bapia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sutsawat Duangsrisai
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Reis SF, Coelho E, Evtuguin DV, Coimbra MA, Lopes P, Cabral M, Mateus N, Freitas V. Migration of Tannins and Pectic Polysaccharides from Natural Cork Stoppers to the Hydroalcoholic Solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14230-14242. [PMID: 33215920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins, condensed tannins, and pectic-derived polysaccharides were removed from natural cork stoppers using hydroalcoholic solution. Two main populations of migrated compounds were determined; the major one with molecular weight (MW) between 0.2 and 1 kDa and the second with 2.1 kDa and polydispersity of 1.3. Two residual populations mainly composed of condensed tannins were also observed between 2.5 and 4.5 kDa and higher than 15 kDa. Simple, C-glycosidic, complex, and oligomeric ellagitannins were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS). Ellagitannins linked to condensed tannins and some pectic-derived polysaccharides were also tentatively identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS). This preliminary work opens an opportunity for the cork stoppers industry due to the relevance of this type of compounds on the astringency and bitterness of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia F Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO-Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Lopes
- Amorim & Irmãos S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 830, 4536-904 Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal
| | - Miguel Cabral
- Amorim & Irmãos S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 830, 4536-904 Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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40
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Cortés-Martín A, García-Villalba R, García-Mantrana I, Rodríguez-Varela A, Romo-Vaquero M, Collado MC, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC, Selma MV. Urolithins in Human Breast Milk after Walnut Intake and Kinetics of Gordonibacter Colonization in Newly Born: The Role of Mothers' Urolithin Metabotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12606-12616. [PMID: 33135412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The maternal-infant transmission of several urolithins through breast milk and the gut colonization of infants by the urolithin-producing bacterium Gordonibacter during their first year of life were explored. Two trials (proof-of-concept study: n = 11; validation study: n = 30) were conducted, where breastfeeding mothers consumed walnuts as a dietary source of urolithin precursors. An analytical method was developed and validated to characterize the urolithin profile in breast milk. Total urolithins ranged from 8.5 to 176.9 nM, while they were not detected in breast milk of three mothers. The mothers' urolithin metabotypes governed the urolithin profile in breast milk, which might have biological significance on infants. A specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction method allowed monitoring the gut colonization of infants by Gordonibacter during their first year of life, and neither breastfeeding nor vaginal delivery was essential for this. The pattern of Gordonibacter establishment in babies was conditioned by their mother's urolithin metabotype, probably because of mother-baby close contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Izaskun García-Mantrana
- Group of Lactic Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | | | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Group of Lactic Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
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A phenolic small molecule inhibitor of RNase L prevents cell death from ADAR1 deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24802-24812. [PMID: 32958664 PMCID: PMC7547215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006883117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The OAS–RNase L system is an innate immunity pathway activated by viral infection. Viral dsRNA stimulates OAS enzymes to produce short 2′,5′-oligoadenylates (2-5A) that activate RNase L, resulting in cleavage of single-stranded (ss) RNA. We discovered a small-molecule inhibitor of RNase L that rescues the toxic phenotype of cells deficient in the dsRNA-editing enzyme ADAR1. ADAR1 destabilizes dsRNA to prevent OAS activity. ADAR1 mutations are responsible for a subset of cases of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a severe neurodevelopmental and inflammatory genetic disease of children with no effective medical therapy. We posit that an RNase L inhibitor may have utility against cases of AGS in which RNase L is activated and other indications where overactivation of RNase L is harmful. The oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)–RNase L system is an IFN-inducible antiviral pathway activated by viral infection. Viral double-stranded (ds) RNA activates OAS isoforms that synthesize the second messenger 2-5A, which binds and activates the pseudokinase-endoribonuclease RNase L. In cells, OAS activation is tamped down by ADAR1, an adenosine deaminase that destabilizes dsRNA. Mutation of ADAR1 is one cause of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), an interferonopathy in children. ADAR1 deficiency in human cells can lead to RNase L activation and subsequent cell death. To evaluate RNase L as a possible therapeutic target for AGS, we sought to identify small-molecule inhibitors of RNase L. A 500-compound library of protein kinase inhibitors was screened for modulators of RNase L activity in vitro. We identified ellagic acid (EA) as a hit with 10-fold higher selectivity against RNase L compared with its nearest paralog, IRE1. SAR analysis identified valoneic acid dilactone (VAL) as a superior inhibitor of RNase L, with 100-fold selectivity over IRE1. Mechanism-of-action analysis indicated that EA and VAL do not bind to the pseudokinase domain of RNase L despite acting as ATP competitive inhibitors of the protein kinase CK2. VAL is nontoxic and functional in cells, although with a 1,000-fold decrease in potency, as measured by RNA cleavage activity in response to treatment with dsRNA activator or by rescue of cell lethality resulting from self dsRNA induced by ADAR1 deficiency. These studies lay the foundation for understanding novel modes of regulating RNase L function using small-molecule inhibitors and avenues of therapeutic potential.
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Macierzyński J, Sójka M, Kosmala M, Karlińska E. Transformation of Oligomeric Ellagitannins, Typical for Rubus and Fragaria Genus, during Strong Acid Hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8212-8222. [PMID: 32648752 PMCID: PMC7458417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The strong acid hydrolysis analysis of galloyl-O-digalloyl-type ellagitannins (ETs), lambertianin C (LC) and sanguiin H-6, and dehydrodigalloyl-type ET, agrimoniin (AM), was performed. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the degradation products of individual ETs was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detecto-electrospray ionization interface-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS). The data indicate that ETs undergo multidirectional changes in a strongly acidic environment, where the process of successive hydrolysis of ester bonds to form ellagic acid (EA) is the dominant phenomenon in the initial phase of the reaction, followed by the depolymerization process and the formation of low-molecular ETs. Characteristic products of ET hydrolysis were distinguished: for LC: dimeric ET plus one galloyl moiety without one EA moiety (M = 1736 Da), for all analyzed ETs: sanguisorbic acid dilactone (M = 470 Da), and for AM: dehydrodigallic acid (M = 338 Da). The research carried out has allowed to create a database of possible products and routes of transformation of individual ETs, which should facilitate future research on the transformation of ETs, including potential prohealth properties of its breakdown products, under conditions occurring during food processing or digestion.
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Rico D, Villaverde A, Martinez-Villaluenga C, Gutierrez AL, Caballero PA, Ronda F, Peñas E, Frias J, Martin Diana AB. Application of Autoclave Treatment for Development of a Natural Wheat Bran Antioxidant Ingredient. Foods 2020; 9:E781. [PMID: 32545426 PMCID: PMC7353647 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of autoclaving as a hydrothermal treatment on the quality and bioactivity of wheat bran (WB) with the objective of producing a natural ingredient with enhanced healthy properties. Nutritional, antioxidant, techno-functional and sensorial parameters were studied, and temperatures of 100, 115 and 130 °C were explored. Of these, 130 °C was found to be the best treatment, resulting in an ingredient with high storage stability, antioxidant properties, a four-fold increase in the concentration of free ferulic acid (compared with non-treated WB), and increased content of apigenin-6-C-arabinoside-8-C-hexoside, a flavonoid with reported antioxidant and antifungal properties. On the other hand, the autoclave treatment enhanced water absorption capacity and reduced WB pasting viscosity, mainly at higher temperature (130 °C), which would allow incorporation of the treated WB in liquid matrices such as juices, soups or milkshakes, among others. Although the glycemic index (GI) of the autoclaved samples increased, the use of intermediate particle size of 106 to 300 µm could contribute to the reduction of the glycemic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rico
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (D.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Adriana Villaverde
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (D.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Cristina Martinez-Villaluenga
- Department of Food Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Angel L. Gutierrez
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering, Food Technology, College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid, 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (A.L.G.); (P.A.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Pedro Antonio Caballero
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering, Food Technology, College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid, 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (A.L.G.); (P.A.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Felicidad Ronda
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering, Food Technology, College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid, 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (A.L.G.); (P.A.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Elena Peñas
- Department of Food Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Juana Frias
- Department of Food Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Ana Belen Martin Diana
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (D.R.); (A.V.)
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Moccia F, Agustin-Salazar S, Verotta L, Caneva E, Giovando S, D’Errico G, Panzella L, d’Ischia M, Napolitano A. Antioxidant Properties of Agri-food Byproducts |and Specific Boosting Effects of Hydrolytic Treatments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E438. [PMID: 32443466 PMCID: PMC7278820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Largely produced agri-food byproducts represent a sustainable and easily available source of phenolic compounds, such as lignins and tannins, endowed with potent antioxidant properties. We report herein the characterization of the antioxidant properties of nine plant-derived byproducts. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays indicated the superior activity of pomegranate peels and seeds, grape pomace and pecan nut shell. An increase in the antioxidant potency was observed for most of the waste materials following a hydrolytic treatment, with the exception of the condensed tannin-rich pecan nut shell and grape pomace. UV-Vis and HPLC investigation of the soluble fractions coupled with the results from IR analysis and chemical degradation approaches on the whole materials allowed to conclude that the improvement of the antioxidant properties was due not only to removal of non-active components (mainly carbohydrates), but also to structural modifications of the phenolic compounds. Parallel experiments run on natural and bioinspired model phenolic polymers suggested that these structural modifications positively impacted on the antioxidant properties of lignins and hydrolyzable tannins, whereas significant degradation of condensed tannin moieties occurred, likely responsible for the lowering of the reducing power observed for grape pomace and pecan nut shell. These results open new perspectives toward the exploitation and manipulation of agri-food byproducts for application as antioxidant additives in functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Moccia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (G.D.); (M.d.); (A.N.)
| | - Sarai Agustin-Salazar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgía, Universidad de Sonora, Del Conocimiento, Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Mexico;
| | - Luisella Verotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Enrico Caneva
- Unitech COSPECT, Direzione servizi per la Ricerca, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 33, I-20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Samuele Giovando
- Centro Ricerche per la Chimica Fine Srl for Silvateam Spa, Via Torre 7, I-12080 San Michele Mondovì, CN, Italy;
| | - Gerardino D’Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (G.D.); (M.d.); (A.N.)
- CSGI—Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (G.D.); (M.d.); (A.N.)
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (G.D.); (M.d.); (A.N.)
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (G.D.); (M.d.); (A.N.)
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Pimenta Inada KO, Nunes S, Martínez-Blázquez JA, Tomás-Barberán FA, Perrone D, Monteiro M. Effect of high hydrostatic pressure and drying methods on phenolic compounds profile of jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) peel and seed. Food Chem 2020; 309:125794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Long J, Guo Y, Yang J, Henning SM, Lee RP, Rasmussen A, Zhang L, Lu QY, Heber D, Li Z. Bioavailability and bioactivity of free ellagic acid compared to pomegranate juice. Food Funct 2020; 10:6582-6588. [PMID: 31552981 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01683j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranates are an excellent source of ellagic acid (EA), ellagitannins (ETs), anthocyanins and other phytochemicals. The health benefits of pomegranate (Pom) have been mainly related to its EA and ET content. The objective of the present study was to determine EA bioavailability and bioactivity from different sources such as pure/free or natural form (PomJ). This was a cross-over study with healthy volunteers consuming one dose of EA dietary supplement (500 mg free EA) vs. one serving of PomJ (237 mL, ∼120 mg of EA) in a random order. Our data showed that there was no difference in plasma EA concentration between PomJ and EA intake; however, urinary dimethylellagic acid glucuronide (DMEAG), normalized to creatinine, was significantly higher after the consumption of PomJ compared to EA. Plasma insulin at 1 h increased after PomJ consumption compared to the baseline while decreased after EA consumption compared to the baseline. Plasma glucose decreased below the baseline 2 h after the consumption of PomJ but not EA. Plasma leptin was significantly decreased at 1 and 2 h after PomJ and EA consumption. Plasma MCP1 decreased only after PomJ but not after pure EA consumption. To conclude, one serving of PomJ provided the same level of EA in blood, while the increase in phase II metabolism of EA and an acute suppression of plasma MCP1 were only observed after PomJ consumption, suggesting that other constituents present in PomJ, in addition to EA, are bioactive and likely play a role in regulating EA phase II metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Long
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, 2nd XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Choe U, Li Y, Yu L, Gao B, Wang TTY, Sun J, Chen P, Yu L. Chemical composition of cold-pressed blackberry seed flour extract and its potential health-beneficial properties. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1215-1225. [PMID: 32148827 PMCID: PMC7020322 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blackberry seed flour was cold-extracted using 50% acetone and examined for its phytochemical composition and health-beneficial properties including in vitro gut microbiota modulatory, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative capacities. Among identified thirteen components of blackberry seed flour extract through UHPLC-MS analysis, sanguiin H6 was the primary component and followed by ellagic acid and pedunculagin. For health-beneficial properties, the blackberry seed flour extract increased the total number of gut bacteria and shifted the abundance of specific bacterial phylum, family, or genus. The extract had RDSC, ORAC, HOSC, and ABTS•+ scavenging capacities of 362, 304, 2,531, and 267 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, respectively. In addition, the blackberry seed flour extract showed capacities for anti-inflammation and antiproliferation by suppressing LPS induced IL-1β mRNA expressions in the cultured J774A.1 mouse macrophages and the proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The results suggest potential health benefits and further utilization of blackberry seed flour as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyory Choe
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Yanfang Li
- Food Composition and Methods Development LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Thomas T. Y. Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food Composition and Methods Development LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
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Micucci M, Bolchi C, Budriesi R, Cevenini M, Maroni L, Capozza S, Chiarini A, Pallavicini M, Angeletti A. Antihypertensive phytocomplexes of proven efficacy and well-established use: Mode of action and individual characterization of the active constituents. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112222. [PMID: 31810054 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension has become the leading risk factor for worldwide cardiovascular diseases. Conventional pharmacological treatment, after both dietary and lifestyle changes, is generally proposed. In this review, we present the antihypertensive properties of phytocomplexes from thirteen plants, long ago widely employed in ethnomedicines and, in recent years, increasingly evaluated for their activity in vitro and in vivo, also in humans, in comparison with synthetic drugs acting on the same systems. Here, we focus on the demonstrated or proposed mechanisms of action of such phytocomplexes and of their constituents proven to exert cardiovascular effects. Almost seventy phytochemicals are described and scientifically sound pertinent literature, published up to now, is summarized. The review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of these natural substances in the treatment of the 'high normal blood pressure' or 'stage 1 hypertension', so-named according to the most recent European and U.S. guidelines, and as a supplementation in more advanced stages of hypertension, however needing further validation by clinical trial intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126, Italy
| | - C Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - R Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126, Italy
| | - M Cevenini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Maroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Capozza
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126, Italy
| | - A Chiarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126, Italy
| | - M Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Angeletti
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna Italy
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Comprehensive identification and quantification of unexploited phenolic compounds from red and yellow araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108978. [PMID: 32247464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS was used to comprehensively characterise the non-extractable phenolic compounds (NEPC) in red and yellow araçá genotypes. Results showed a total of 45 and 43 phenolic compounds in the NEPC fraction and, similarly, 51 and 50 compounds in extractable phenolic compounds (EPC) fraction from red and yellow araçá, respectively. Gallic acid and ellagic acid were the unique compounds found in both fractions. The NEPC fraction represented about 35% (m/m) of the total phenolic content and was characterised by an abundance of phenolic acids, while the EPC fraction was rich in flavanols. Although NEPC represented one-third of the total phenolic compounds found in araçá, its antioxidant capacity (against peroxyl radical) was 50% higher than the EPC fraction. The results of this work show that the NEPC fraction of araçá has great diversity and a relatively high concentration of low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity.
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Borges JG, Garcia VADS, Carvalho RAD. Extraction of active compounds from different parts of pomegranate and incorporation into a potential delivery model system using a printing technique. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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