1
|
Shi X, Liu J, Zhang W, Zeng S, Lin F, Wang H, Teng B. Mechanism of the wine pomace tannin in hyperpigmentation inhibition: Impact on signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and tyrosinase activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134052. [PMID: 39038577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
After winemaking, tannins with high polymerization remain in the pomace. Utilizing these tannin fractions is a concern for the wine industry. While tannins show potential in treating hyperpigmentation, their mechanisms in vivo and at the cellular level are unclear. Herein, pomace tannin fractions (PTFs) were isolated post-winemaking. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analysis showed PTFs were composed of (epi)catechin gallate and (epi)catechin as terminal and extensional units, with polymerization degrees of 10, 16, and 35. In vivo studies demonstrated that PTFs removed ∼76 % of skin melanin, comparable to hydroquinone. The inhibition by PTFs is due to: (1) Inhibition of the Wnt and melanogenesis pathways, downregulating key melanin synthesis proteins (TYR, TYRP1, TYRP2); (2) Inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint, disrupting DNA, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and integrity, and slowing melanocyte proliferation; (3) Superior tyrosinase inhibitory activity by binding to tyrosinase, chelating copper ions, and demonstrating antioxidant properties. These findings suggest that PTFs inhibit melanin synthesis by the combination of the above mentioned ways, supporting the medical use of winemaking tannins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqing Shi
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiaman Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang second medical collage, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shinian Zeng
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Cardiac Care Unit (CCU), the first affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Bo Teng
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chai W, Wei W, Hu X, Bai Q, Guo Y, Zhang M, Li S, Pan Q. Inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism on tyrosinase and browning of fresh-cut apple by longan shell tannins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133326. [PMID: 38925198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a biological macromolecule closely related to browning of fruit and vegetables, melanin production, and tyrosinase inhibitors are usually used to prevent browning and pigmentation. In this study, longan shell tannins (LSTs) were screened as tyrosinase inhibitors and their structures were proved to be mixtures of procyanidins (condensed tannins) and ellagitannins (hydrolyzed tannins). Enzymatic experiments verified that LSTs were efficient inhibitors, and the IC50 values for monophenolase and bisphenolase were 176.04 ± 10 and 59.94 ± 5 μg mL-1, respectively. Fluorescence detections and molecular docking revealed that the combination of LSTs to tyrosinase was mainly driven by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, as well as van der Waals force, which changed the microenvironment of tyrosine and tryptophan residues as well as enzyme conformation. Circular dichroism and molecular dynamics simulation showed that LSTs affected secondary structures of tyrosinase, resulting in structural stretching and conformational modification of the enzyme. In addition, preservation studies demonstrated that LSTs owned the ability to delay the browning of fresh-cut apples by inhibiting phenolic metabolism, strengthening the antioxidant system, and reducing lipid peroxidation. This paper testified that LSTs are exteaordinary tyrosinase inhibitors, and offered a scientific foundation for the application of LSTs in food industry and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chai
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Wenshuang Wei
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xinru Hu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuhan Bai
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Shuting Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuxia Pan
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Cui M, Wang H, Ma L, Han Y, Han D, Yan H. Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in defatted seeds of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) by affinity-labeled molecular networking. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114097. [PMID: 38395549 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The defatted seeds of evening primrose (DE), a by-product of evening primrose oil extraction, are currently underutilized. This study aimed to valorize DE by examining its effects on melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish embryos and in vitro, and an innovative affinity-labeled molecular networking workflow was proposed for the rapid identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in DE. Our results indicated DE significantly reduced melanin content (53.3 % at 100 μg/mL) and tyrosinse activity (80.05 % for monophenolase and 70.40 % for diphenolase at 100 μg/mL). Furthermore, through the affinity-labeled molecular networking approach, 20 compounds were identified as potential tyrosinase inhibitors within DE, predominantly flavonoids and tannins characterized by catechin and galloyl substructures. Seven of these compounds were isolated and their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase were validated using functional assays. This study not only underscores the potential of DE as a rich source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors but also establishes the effectiveness of affinity-labeled molecular networking in pinpointing bioactive compounds in complex biological matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mingfan Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yehong Han
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Logesh R, Prasad SR, Chipurupalli S, Robinson N, Mohankumar SK. Natural tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors: A path from melanin to melanoma and its reported pharmacological activities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188968. [PMID: 37657683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The skin containing melanin pigment acts as a protective barrier and counteracts the UVR and other environmental stressors to maintain or restore disrupted cutaneous homeostasis. The production of melanin pigment is dependent on tyrosine levels. L-tyrosine and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) can serve both as a substrates and intermediates of melanin synthetic pathway and as inducers and positive regulators of melanogenesis. The biosynthesis of melanin is stimulated upon exposure to UVR, which can also stimulate local production of hormonal factors, which can stimulate melanoma development by altering the chemical properties of eu- and pheomelanin. The process of melanogenesis can be altered by several pathways. One involves activation of POMC, with the production of POMC peptides including MSH and ACTH, which increase intracellular cAMP levels, which activates the MITF, and helps to stimulate tyrosinase (TYR) expression and activity. Defects in OCA1 to 4 affects melanogenic activity via posttranslational modifications resulting in proteasomal degradation and reducing pigmentation. Further, altering, the MITF factor, helps to regulate the expression of MRGE in melanoma, and helps to increase the TYR glycosylation in ER. CRH stimulates POMC peptides that regulate melanogenesis and also by itself can stimulate melanogenesis. The POMC, P53, ACTH, MSH, MC1R, MITF, and 6-BH4 are found to be important regulators for pigmentation. Melanogenesis can affect melanoma behaviour and inhibit immune responses. Therefore, we reviewed natural products that would alter melanin production. Our special focus was on targeting melanin synthesis and TYR enzyme activity to inhibit melanogenesis as an adjuvant therapy of melanotic melanoma. Furthermore, this review also outlines the current updated pharmacological studies targeting the TYR enzyme from natural sources and its consequential effects on melanin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sagar Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Varadaraja Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tumkur 572102, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Cellular Stress and Immune Response Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- Pharmacy, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Razola-Díaz MDC, Verardo V, Guerra-Hernández EJ, García-Villanova Ruiz B, Gómez-Caravaca AM. Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Flavan-3-ols Extraction from Avocado By-Products via Sonotrode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1409. [PMID: 37507948 PMCID: PMC10376872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocado peel and seed are the main by-products of avocado processing and are considered as promising sources of phenolic compounds with biological activities. Thus, this research focuses on the establishment, for the first time, of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavan-3-ols with high antioxidant activity from avocado peel and seed using a sonotrode. Indeed, 2 Box-Behnken designs were performed for 15 experiments, with each design having three independent factors (ratio ethanol/water (v/v), time (min) and amplitude (%)). In both models, the responses included total procyanidins (flavan-3-ols) measured via HPLC-FLD and antioxidant activity measured via DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The results showed that applying the sonotrode extraction method could increase flavan-3-ols recovery by 54% and antioxidant activity by 62-76% compared to ultrasound bath technology. Therefore, this technology was demonstrated to be a non-thermal, low time-consuming and scalable method that allowed the recovery of flavan-3-ols from avocado by-products that could be used as functional ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Razola-Díaz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguyen TH, Amen Y, Wang D, Othman A, Matsumoto M, Nagata M, Shimizu K. Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin Complex from Avocado Seed as A Promising α-glucosidase Inhibitor: Characteristics and Mechanisms. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:316-323. [PMID: 35714650 DOI: 10.1055/a-1878-3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although considered an abundant source of agricultural by-products, avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed, with several biological activities and bioactive components, might become a promising resource for phytopharmaceutical development. In this study, through bioassay-guided isolation of the main α-glucosidase inhibitors in avocado seed, we discovered the major α-glucosidase inhibitor to be avocado seed oligomeric proanthocyanidin complex (ASOPC). Thiolysis and UPLC-DAD-HRESIMS showed the presence of A- and B-type procyanidins, and B-type propelargonidin with (epi)afzelechin as extension unit. Mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of ASOPC was calculated as 7.3 ± 1. Furthermore, ASOPC appeared to be a strong, reversible, competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, with IC50 value of 0.1 µg/mL, which was significantly lower than Acarbose (IC50 = 75.6 µg/mL), indicated that ASOPC is a potential natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. These findings would contribute to the direction of utilizing avocado seed bioactive components with the possibility to be used as natural anti-diabetic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thien Huu Nguyen
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Ahmed Othman
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Masako Matsumoto
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Maki Nagata
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu YG, Gao ZP, Zheng YY, Hu CM, Lin J, Wu XZ, Zhang X, Zhou YS, Xiong Z, Zhu DY. Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of 2-Cyanopyrrole Derivatives as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Front Chem 2022; 10:914944. [PMID: 35783205 PMCID: PMC9247258 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.914944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find potential inhibitors of tyrosinase, two series of pyrrole derivatives A (1–17) and B (1–8) were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory activities on tyrosinase. Most of the 2-cyanopyrrole derivatives exhibited effective inhibitory activities. In particular, A12 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities, with the IC50 values of 0.97 μM, which is ∼30 times stronger than the reference inhibitor kojic acid (IC50: 28.72 μM). The inhibitory mechanism analysis results revealed that A12 was a reversible and mixed-type inhibitor. Molecular docking experiments clarified the interaction between A12 with tyrosinase. Furthermore, A12 (100 μM) presented effective inhibitory effect on tyrosinase in B16 melanoma cells with inhibition of 33.48%, which was equivalent to that of Kojic acid (39.81%). Accordingly, compound A12 may serve as the lead structure for the further design of potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Molecular docking studies confirmed the interaction between the compound and tyrosinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Peng Gao
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xiao-Zheng Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Zhou
- Guangzhou Yuming Biologival Technology Co, LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuang Xiong, ; Dao-Yong Zhu,
| | - Dao-Yong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuang Xiong, ; Dao-Yong Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye H, Luo L, Wang J, Jiang K, Yue T, Yang H. Highly galloylated and A-type prodelphinidins and procyanidins in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) peel. Food Chem 2022; 378:131972. [PMID: 35032795 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The structure of persimmon peel proanthocyanidins (PPPAs) was characterized. After acid catalysis of PPPAs in the presence of phloroglucinol, five reaction products such as (epi)gallocatechin-phloroglucinol ((E)GC-ph) etc. were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. FT-IR analysis confirmed that all of the compounds exhibited a 2, 3-cis configuration. Therefore, the extension units in PPPAs were EGC, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate and only EGCG was detected as the terminal unit. PPPAs contained 25.21% of procyanidins and 74.79% of prodelphindins and had a high degree of 3-O-galloylation (>74.79%). The mean degree of polymerization of PPPAs was calculated to be 10.18. MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed that A-type linkage and galloylation existed commonly in PPPAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanfeng Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Haihua Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu ZY, Xu K, Wang X, Wen YT, Wang LJ, Huang DQ, Chen XX, Chai WM. Punicalagin as a novel tyrosinase and melanin inhibitor: Inhibitory activity and mechanism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Hop Tannins as Multifunctional Tyrosinase Inhibitor: Structure Characterization, Inhibition Activity, and Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040772. [PMID: 35453457 PMCID: PMC9027561 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of hops could be extended to obtain higher commercial values. Tannins from hops were assessed for their tyrosinase inhibition ability, and the associated mechanisms were explored. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS/MS) revealed that the hop tannins were characterized as condensed tannins with (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin as subunits and an average polymerization degree of 10.32. Tyrosinase inhibition assay indicated that hop tannins had an IC50 = 76.52 ± 6.56 μM. Kinetic studies of the inhibition processes indicated the tannins provided inhibition through competitive–uncompetitive mixed reactions. In silico molecule docking showed that tannins were bound to the active site of tyrosinase via hydrogen and electrovalent bonds. Circular dichroism (CD) observed the structural variation in the tyrosinase after reacting with the tannins. Fluorescence quenching analysis and free radical scavenging assays indicated that the tannins had copper ion chelating and antioxidant activities, which may also contribute to inhibition. The intracellular inhibition assay revealed that the melanin was reduced by 34.50% in B16F10 cells. These results indicate that these tannins can be applied as whitening agents in the cosmetics industry.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li H, Zhai B, Sun J, Fan Y, Zou J, Cheng J, Zhang X, Shi Y, Guo D. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Saponins from Aralia taibaiensis: Process Optimization, Phytochemical Characterization, and Mechanism of α-Glucosidase Inhibition. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:83-105. [PMID: 35027819 PMCID: PMC8749049 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s345592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aralia taibaiensis, a medicinal food plant, and total saponins from its root bark extract inhibit α-glucosidase activity, which is associated with type 2 diabetes; however, the inhibitory mechanism is unknown. Furthermore, a green extraction technique superior to conventional hot reflux extraction (HRE) is needed for the rapid and easy extraction of A. taibaiensis total saponins (TSAT) to exploit and utilize this resource. Our aim was to develop a green extraction method for obtaining TSAT and to investigate the mechanism by which TSAT inhibits α-glucosidase. Materials and Methods In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process was optimized using a Box–Behnken design, and the extraction mechanism was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for qualitative and quantitative analyses of TSAT. In vitro glycosylation assays, enzyme kinetics, fluorescence spectroscopy measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and molecular docking techniques were used to investigate the mechanism by which the A. taibaiensis active ingredients inhibit α-glucosidase. Results The optimal parameters for the extraction yield were obtained as an ethanol concentration of 73%, ultrasound time of 34 min, ultrasound temperature of 61 °C and solid–liquid ratio of 16 g/mL, which were better than HRE. The SEM analysis showed that UAE effectively disrupted plant cells, thus increasing the TSAT yield. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition experiments showed that both TSAT and its active ingredient, araloside A, inhibited α-glucosidase activity by binding to α-glucosidase, thereby changing the conformation and microenvironment of α-glucosidase to subsequently inhibit enzyme activity. Conclusion The optimal extraction conditions identified here established a basis for future scale-up of ultrasound extraction parameters with the potential for obtaining maximum yields. In vitro enzyme inhibition experiments investigated the mechanism of the TSAT interaction with α-glucosidase and further explored whether araloside A may be the main contributor to the good inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by TSAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangxue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bonilla-Loaiza AM, Váquiro-Herrera HA, Solanilla-Duque JF. Physicochemical and bioactive properties of avocado ( Persea americana Mill. cv. Lorena). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2021-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemical compounds are of great importance in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Nutritional components, the presence of secondary metabolites with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, and physicochemical properties of pulp, seed and peel of Lorena avocado cultivars were studied. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS, DPPH and lipid peroxidation in pulp, seed and peel. 26 extracts was evaluated. The results confirmed that the fruit parts stabilize free radicals and inhibit lipid oxidation processes, with the highest values in seed and peel, due to their content of flavonoids, o-diphenols and phenols. The results of phytochemical screening, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity, showed significant bioprospective advantage for the presence of flavonoids, condensed tannins and total phenols in the seed, peel and pulp of Lorena avocado cultivars. Avocado fruits are rich in bioactive compounds that can be used in functional food applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marcela Bonilla-Loaiza
- Grupo de Investigación Centro de Desarrollo Agroindustrial del Tolima (CEDAGRITOL), Facultad Ingeniería Agronómica , Universidad del Tolima , Ibagué , Colombia
| | - Henry Alexander Váquiro-Herrera
- Grupo de Investigación Centro de Desarrollo Agroindustrial del Tolima (CEDAGRITOL), Facultad Ingeniería Agronómica , Universidad del Tolima , Ibagué , Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsai H, Hsieh C, Chang Y, Lin Y, Chen S. Quick screening of true tyrosinase inhibitors from natural products using tyrosinase‐immobilized magnetic nanoparticles and a magnetic microplate: Part
II
melanogenesis bioactivity. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwei‐yan Tsai
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Chung Hsieh
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yun‐Ching Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐ching Lin
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sung‐Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song W, Zhao YY, Ren YJ, Liu LL, Wei SD, Yang HB. Proanthocyanidins isolated from the leaves of Photinia × fraseri block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity in melanoma cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:3978-3991. [PMID: 33977989 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is considered a molecular marker of melanoma, and few natural antitumor drugs targeting tyrosinase have been identified. In this study, proanthocyanidins (PAs) were isolated from the leaves of Photinia × fraseri and their structures were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the effects of antityrosinase activity were investigated. The results showed that the basic structural units of PAs are composed of catechin and epicatechin and that oligomer is the main component. PAs exhibited better antityrosinase activity via chelation of copper ions and by disturbing o-quinone production. Furthermore, analyses of the cell cycle, apoptosis rate, and regulation of melanin protein expression revealed preliminarily that PAs could affect melanin production by downregulating microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) expression and by inhibiting the activities of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of melanoma cells. Collectively, our study demonstrated that PAs are potential tyrosinase inhibitors and have good antimelanoma effects. These findings provide a theoretical support for the application of tyrosinase inhibitors and for further drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China.
| | - Ya-Ying Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China. and College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Yuan-Jing Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China. and College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China. and College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Shu-Dong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China. and Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ji Y, Liu D, jin Y, Zhao J, Zhao J, Li H, Li L, Zhang H, Wang H. In vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect of anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
16
|
Liu J, Liu Y, He X, Teng B, McRae JM. Valonea Tannin: Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity, Structural Elucidation and Insights into the Inhibition Mechanism. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092747. [PMID: 34067030 PMCID: PMC8125085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Valonea tannin is a natural product readily extracted from acorn shells that has been suggested to have potential skin whitening properties. This study investigated the tyrosinase inhibition activity of extracted valonea tannin and the associated structure–function activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular weight analysis with gel permeation chromatography revealed that valonea tannin could be characterized as a hydrolysable tannin with galloyl, hexahydroxydiphenoyl and open formed-glucose moieties and an average molecular weight of 3042 ± 15 Da. Tyrosinase inhibition assays demonstrated that valonea tannin was 334 times more effective than gallic acid and 3.4 times more effective than tannic acid, which may relate to the larger molecular size. Kinetic studies of the inhibition reactions indicated that valonea tannin provided tyrosinase inhibition through mixed competitive–uncompetitive way. Stern–Volmer fitted fluorescence quenching analysis, isothermal titration calorimetry analysis and in silico molecule docking showed valonea tannin non-selectively bound to the surface of tyrosinase via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and free radical scavenging assays indicated the valonea tannin had copper ion chelating and antioxidant ability, which may also contribute to inhibition activity. These results demonstrated the structure–function activity of valonea tannin as a highly effective natural tyrosinase inhibitor that may have commercial application in dermatological medicines or cosmetic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaman Liu
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Yuqing Liu
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaofeng He
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Bo Teng
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacqui M. McRae
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie Z, He M, Zhai Y, Xin F, Yu S, Yu S, Xiao H, Song Y. Inhibitory kinetics and mechanism of oleanolic acid on α-glucosidase. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
18
|
Proanthocyanidins Should Be a Candidate in the Treatment of Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases and Lipid Metabolic Disorder. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245971. [PMID: 33339407 PMCID: PMC7766935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional view of using medicines as routine treatment of an intractable disease is being challenged in the face of extensive and growing evidence that flavonoids in foods, especially proanthocyanidins (PAs), can participate in tackling fatal diseases like cancer, cardiovascular and lipid metabolic diseases, both as a precautionary measure or as a dietary treatment. Although medical treatment with medicines will remain necessary in some cases, at least in the short term, PAs’ function as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory drugs, signal pathway regulators remain critical in many diseases. This review article demonstrates the physical and biological properties of PAs, summarizes the health benefits of PAs found by researchers previously, and shows the possibility and importance of being a dietary treatment substance.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chutoprapat R, Malilas W, Rakkaew R, Udompong S, Boonpisuttinant K. Collagen biosynthesis stimulation and anti-melanogenesis of bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea) extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1023-1031. [PMID: 32997567 PMCID: PMC7586725 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1822419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bambara groundnut (BG), originally from Africa, is widely distributed in Asian countries, especially in southern Thailand, and is used for food and functional foods. There is no report on the use of BG for ethnomedicine or cosmetics. OBJECTIVE To investigate collagen biosynthesis stimulation and anti-melanogenesis of the BG extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hulls (H) and seeds (S) of BG were collected from Trang province, Thailand and extracted by Soxhlet (S) and maceration (M) using ethanol, and boiled with distilled-water (B). Total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents were quantified. The three antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities were determined by DPPH, FIC and FTC; and the modified dopachrome methods, respectively. The collagen biosynthesis and the anti-melanogenesis activities were investigated by Sirius-Red and the melanin content assay. RESULTS The yields of BG extracts ranged from 1.72% to 9.06%. The BG-SS extract gave the highest TPC and TFC. The BG-HM extract showed the highest antioxidant activities (SC50 of 0.87 ± 0.02 mg/mL, MC50 of 1.83 ± 0.09 mg/mL and LC50 of 0.70 ± 0.06 mg/mL), tyrosinase inhibition activity (IC50 of 0.45 ± 0.23 mg/mL), and anti-melanogenesis activities (72.9 ± 0.08%), whereas the BG-SB extract exhibited the highest stimulation of collagen biosynthesis (18.04 ± 0.03%). All BG extracts at 0.1 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts. DISCUSSION The biological activities of BG extracts might be from their phytochemicals, especially phenolic and flavonoid contents. CONCLUSION The BG-HB and BG-HM extracts might be promising novel active sources for anti-aging and whitening cosmeceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romchat Chutoprapat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Malilas
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rattikarl Rakkaew
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai wisdom (INPTW), Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sarinporn Udompong
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai wisdom (INPTW), Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai wisdom (INPTW), Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gómez-Maqueo A, Escobedo-Avellaneda Z, Welti-Chanes J. Phenolic Compounds in Mesoamerican Fruits-Characterization, Health Potential and Processing with Innovative Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8357. [PMID: 33171785 PMCID: PMC7664671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in phenolic compounds have been associated to reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and its derived disorders. Fruits are healthy components of the human diet because of their vitamin, mineral, fiber and phenolic profile. However, they have a short shelf-life which is limited by microbiological growth and enzymatic activity. Innovative preservation methods such as high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, ultrasound, microwave, cold plasma and ultraviolet light have become popular for the processing of fruits because they can preserve nutritional quality. In this review, the phenolic profile and health potential of 38 Mesoamerican fruits were assessed. Phenolic compounds were classified based on their contribution to the diet as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannin, lignins and stilbenoids. Due to this composition, fruits showed a wide range of bioactivities which included anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and anti-obesity activities, among others. Phenolic content in fruits submitted to innovative food processing technologies depended on parameters such as enzymatic activity, antioxidant capacity, microstructure integrity and cell viability. Innovative technologies could increase phenolic content while assuring microbiological safety by (i) promoting the release of bound phenolic compounds during processing and (ii) inducing the synthesis of phenolic compounds by activation of phenylpropanoid pathway during storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gómez-Maqueo
- Food Structure Team, Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Research and Technology, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Zamantha Escobedo-Avellaneda
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Col. Tecnológico, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Welti-Chanes
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Col. Tecnológico, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Song W, Liu LL, Ren YJ, Wei SD, Yang HB. Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanism on mushroom tyrosinase by condensed tannins isolation from the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1813-1821. [PMID: 33038405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of extracted condensed tannin (CT) from the fruit of Sour jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow) and the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibits the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. The structure of CT was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The kinetic assays were used to detect inhibition effect, type and mechanism. UV scanning, fluorescence quenching, copper interacting, o-quinone interaction and molecular docking assays were also used to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibit tyrosinase. The results showed the structural units of CT containing afzelechin/epiafzelechin, catechin/epicatechin, and gallocatechin/epigallocatechin. Kinetic analysis showed that CT inhibits both the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase and exhibits reversible, mixed type mechanism. The fruit CT interacts primarily with the copper ions and specific amino acid residue (Asn191, Thr203, Ala202, Ser206, Met201, His194, His54, Glu182 and Ile42) in the active site of tyrosinase to disturb oxidation of substrates by tyrosinase. These results suggested the sour jujube fruit is a potential natural source of tyrosinase inhibitors, and has a potential to be used in food preservation, whitening cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Ren
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Shu-Dong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China; Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zeng X, Du Z, Ding X, Zhao Y, Jiang W. Preparation, characterization and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of banana condensed tannin-inulin conjugate. Food Funct 2020; 11:7973-7986. [PMID: 32839802 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the hypoglycemic effects of inulin, banana condensed tannins (BCT) were grafted onto inulin via a free radical method to synthesize the novel BCT grafted inulin (BCT-g-inulin) complex. Spectroscopic methods, XRD, TGA, 1H NMR, GPC and morphology analyses were utilized to characterize the structural properties of the BCT-g-inulin complex, and our results confirmed the conjugation of BCT and inulin. The conjugation possibly occurred between the hydroxyl group attached at the C6 position of inulin and the C6/C8 position of flavon-3-ol units of BCT. The grafting ratio and grafting efficiency of the BCT-g-inulin complex were 357.54 ± 2.98 g kg-1 complex and 74.57 ± 1.44%, respectively. The data of the antioxidant assays indicated that the BCT-g-inulin complex showed a significantly higher antioxidant activity than native inulin. Also, the grafting reaction remarkably improved the in vitro anti-diabetic activity of inulin. The glucose adsorption capacity and glucose dialysis retardation index of the BCT-g-inulin complex were remarkably higher than those of inulin, while the BCT-g-inulin complex showed much stronger inhibitory effects against α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared with inulin. Notably, the inhibition of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase by the BCT-g-inulin complex occurred through mixed-competitive mode. On the basis of fluorescence spectroscopy, the fluorescence of α-amylase and α-glucosidase could be quenched by the BCT-g-inulin complex through a static quenching mechanism. Hence, the BCT-g-inulin complex might have the potential to be developed as an effective anti-diabetic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Zeng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Zhenjiao Du
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Ding
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yunshu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zeng YX, Wang S, Wei L, Cui YY, Chen YH. Proanthocyanidins: Components, Pharmacokinetics and Biomedical Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:813-869. [PMID: 32536248 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a group of polyphenols enriched in plant and human food. In recent decades, epidemiological studies have upheld the direct relationship between PA consumption and health benefits; therefore, studies on PAs have become a research hotspot. Although the oral bioavailability of PAs is quite low, pharmacokinetics data revealed that some small molecules and colonic microbial metabolites of PAs could be absorbed and exert their health beneficial effects. The pharmacological effects of PAs mainly include anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and metabolism-regulation behaviors. Moreover, current toxicological studies show that PAs have no observable toxicity to humans. This review summarizes the resources, extraction, structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicology of PAs and discusses the limitations of current studies. Areas for further research are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang L, Liu Y, Hu X, Xu M, Wang Y. Studies on interactions of pentagalloyl glucose, ellagic acid and gallic acid with bovine serum albumin: A spectroscopic analysis. Food Chem 2020; 324:126872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivanhoe K. H. Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen Y, Huang F, McClements DJ, Xie B, Sun Z, Deng Q. Oligomeric Procyanidin Nanoliposomes Prevent Melanogenesis and UV Radiation-Induced Skin Epithelial Cell (HFF-1) Damage. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061458. [PMID: 32213858 PMCID: PMC7145291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential protective effect of nanoliposomes loaded with lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidin (LSOPC) against melanogenesis and skin damaging was investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that, after encapsulation, the LSOPC-nanoliposomes still possessed strong inhibitory effects against melanogenesis, reducing the activity of both monophenolase and diphenolase. Molecular docking indicated that LSOPC could generate intense interactive configuration with tyrosinase through arene-H, arene-arene, and hydrophobic interaction. An ultraviolet radiated cell-culture model (human foreskin fibroblast cell (HFF-1)) was used to determine the protective effects of the LSOPC-nanoliposomes against skin aging and damage. Results showed that LSOPC-nanoliposomes exerted the highest protective effects against both ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation groups compared with non-encapsulated LSOPC and a control (vitamin C). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) assays demonstrated the protection mechanism may be related to the anti-photooxidation activity of the procyanidin. Furthermore, a hydroxyproline assay suggested that the LSOPC-nanoliposomes had a strong protective effect against collagen degradation and/or synthesis after UVA irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.C.); (F.H.)
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.C.); (F.H.)
| | | | - Bijun Xie
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhida Sun
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.C.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-9619-8198
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gong T, Yang X, Bai F, Li D, Zhao T, Zhang J, Sun L, Guo Y. Young apple polyphenols as natural α-glucosidase inhibitors: In vitro and in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Insoluble-Bound Polyphenols Released from Guarana Powder: Inhibition of Alpha-Glucosidase and Proanthocyanidin Profile. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030679. [PMID: 32033416 PMCID: PMC7036825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian Food Supplement Law recently recognized that guarana (Paullinia cupana) contains bioactive substances, hence supporting its role as a functional food ingredient. The health benefits of guarana are associated, at least in part, to its phenolic compounds. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature addressing the presence of phenolic compounds in the fraction containing insoluble-bound compounds and its contribution in terms of alpha-glucosidase inhibition. The concentration of phenolic extracts released from the insoluble-bound fraction required to inhibit 50% of alpha-glucosidase (IC50) activity was 5.8-fold lower than that present in the soluble counterpart. Both fractions exhibited a mixed inhibition mode. Fourteen proanthocyanidins (dimers to tetramers) present in the insoluble-bound fraction were tentatively identified by MALDi-TOF-MS. Future studies aiming at increasing the concentration of the soluble counterpart are deemed necessary. The results presented here enhance the phenolic database of guarana and have a practical impact on the procurement of nutraceuticals and functional ingredients related to the prevention and/or management of type 2 diabetes. The Brazilian normative on food supplements has been recently revised. This study lends support to the future inclusion of guarana powder in the list of sources of proanthocyanidins for the industry of food supplements.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang J, Zhao J, Yan Y, Liu D, Wang C, Wang H. Inhibition of glycosidase by ursolic acid: in vitro, in vivo and in silico study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:986-994. [PMID: 31650545 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling the blood glucose level is an effective method to reduce type 2 diabetes and prevent diabetes-related complications. Ursolic acid is a plant extract that can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia effectively. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect and interaction mechanism of ursolic acid against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. RESULTS In this study, the effect of ursolic acid on glycosidase was studied in vitro, in vivo, and in silico. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of ursolic acid on α-amylase and α-glucosidase was 0.482 ± 0.12 mg mL-1 and 0.213 ± 0.042 mg mL-1 , respectively. The results of enzymatic kinetics showed that ursolic acid inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity in a non-competitive manner. The fluorescence spectrum showed that the combination of ursolic acid and glycosidase caused the intrinsic fluorescence quenching of glycosidase. The observation of starch granules revealed that the activity of α-amylase was inhibited and the hydrolysis of starch granules was prevented in the presence of ursolic acid. Molecular docking results showed that ursolic acid bound to the inactive site of α-amylase and α-glucosidase through the formation of ursolic acid-glucosidase complex. Ursolic acid interacted with α-amylase and α-glucosidase mainly through hydrogen bonding. The postprandial hypoglycemic effect of ursolic acid in C57BL/6J mice showed that the high concentration of ursolic acid could quickly reduce postprandial blood glucose level. CONCLUSION Ursolic acid can be considered as a natural ingredient in functional foods to control postprandial blood glucose levels and prevent diabetes by delaying the digestion of starch in foods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Characterization of the interactions between apple condensed tannins and biologically important metal ions [Fe2+ (3d6), Cu2+ (3d9) and Zn2+ (3d10)]. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
31
|
Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for control of skin pigmentation involves the inhibition of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis. This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last five years. Both mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors have been considered. Among the first class, flavonoids, in particular chalcones, occupy a prominent role as natural inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A series of more complex phenolic compounds from a variety of sources, first of all belonging to the Moraceae family, have also been described as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. As to the synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and chalcones again appear as the most exploited scaffolds. Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the described inhibitors, pointing to copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties as key structural requirements to achieve good inhibition properties. Emerging trends in the search for novel skin depigmenting agents, including the development of assays that could distinguish between inhibitors and potentially toxic substrates of the enzyme as well as of formulations aimed at improving the bioavailability and hence the effectiveness of well-known inhibitors, have also been addressed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Interaction mechanism of carnosic acid against glycosidase (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:846-853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
33
|
Yin XS, Zhang XQ, Yin JT, Kong DZ, Li DQ. Screening and identification of potential tyrosinase inhibitors from Semen Oroxyli extract by ultrafiltration LC-MS and in silico molecular docking. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:838-846. [PMID: 31504273 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in screening and developing natural tyrosinase inhibitors widely applied in medicinal and cosmetic products, as well as in the food industry. In this study, an approach by ultrafiltration LC-MS and molecular docking was used to screen and identify tyrosinase inhibitors from Semen Oroxyli extract. The samples were first incubated with the tyrosinase to select the optimal binding conditions including tyrosinase concentration, incubation time and the molecular weight of ultrafiltration membrane. By comparison of the chromatographic profiles of the extracts after ultrafiltration with activated and inactivated tyrosinase, the potential inhibitors were obtained and then identified by LC-MS. The relative binding affinities of the potential inhibitors were also calculated based on the decrease of peak areas of those. As a result, seven compounds were fished out as tyrosinase inhibitors by this assay. Among them, oroxin A and baicalein showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory than resveratrol as positive drug, and their binding mode with enzyme was further verified via the molecular docking analysis. The test results showed that the proposed method was a simple, rapid, effective, and reliable method for the discovery of natural bioactive compounds, and it can be extended to screen other bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-shuo Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei province, PR China
| | - Xue-qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei province, PR China
| | - Jin-tuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, PR China
| | - De-zhi Kong
- School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei province, PR China
| | - De-qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chai WM, Wei QM, Deng WL, Zheng YL, Chen XY, Huang Q, Ou-Yang C, Peng YY. Anti-melanogenesis properties of condensed tannins from Vigna angularis seeds with potent antioxidant and DNA damage protection activities. Food Funct 2019; 10:99-111. [PMID: 30565612 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01979g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Condensed tannins contained in food are known to have many beneficial impacts on human health. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the structural features, antityrosinase effects, anti-melanogenesis properties, antioxidant activity and DNA damage protection activity of condensed tannins purified from the seeds of Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et Ohashi. MALDI-TOF MS, ESI-Full-MS, and HPLC-ESI-MS demonstrated that condensed tannins are composed of procyanidins, prodelphinidins and their gallates, among which procyanidins are the dominant components. As reversible and mixed-type inhibitors of tyrosinase, condensed tannins from V. angularis strongly inhibited the monophenolase and odiphenolase activities with IC50 values of 130.0 ± 0.5 and 35.1 ± 2.0 μg mL-1, respectively. What's more, condensed tannins had a good inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, cellular tyrosinase activity, and melanogenesis of B16 mouse melanoma cells. Based on fluorescence quenching analyses, these compounds were determined to be effective quenchers of the enzyme and its substrates. According to molecular docking, the strong interaction between condensed tannins and tyrosinase was mainly driven by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic force. In addition, condensed tannins showed a powerful antioxidant capacity and DNA damage protection activity. Therefore, condensed tannins from V. angularis have feasible applications in food, medicine, and the cosmetics industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ren G, Sun H, Guo J, Fan J, Li G, Xu S. Molecular mechanism of the interaction between resveratrol and trypsin via spectroscopy and molecular docking. Food Funct 2019; 10:3291-3302. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism of the interaction between resveratrol and trypsin and its effect on their biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Ren
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - He Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - Jinying Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - Jinling Fan
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - Saiwen Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vazquez‐Flores AA, Martinez‐Gonzalez AI, Alvarez‐Parrilla E, Díaz‐Sánchez ÁG, la Rosa LA, González‐Aguilar GA, Aguilar CN. Proanthocyanidins with a Low Degree of Polymerization are Good Inhibitors of Digestive Enzymes Because of their Ability to form Specific Interactions: A Hypothesis. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2895-2902. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma A. Vazquez‐Flores
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Alejandra I. Martinez‐Gonzalez
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Emilio Alvarez‐Parrilla
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Ángel G. Díaz‐Sánchez
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Laura A. la Rosa
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Gustavo A. González‐Aguilar
- Coordinación en Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen VegetalCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. (CIAD, AC) Carretera a la Victoria Km. 0.6, La Victoria Hermosillo Sonora CP 83000 México
| | - Cristóbal N. Aguilar
- Dept. of Food ResearchUniversidad Autónoma de Coahuila CP 25280 Saltillo Coahuila México
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Comparison of phytochemical profiles and antiproliferative activities of different proanthocyanidins fractions from Choerospondias axillaris fruit peels. Food Res Int 2018; 113:298-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
38
|
Inhibitory kinetics and mechanism of flavonoids from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf against pancreatic α-amylase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2589-2596. [PMID: 30195612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) were found to show a notable inhibition activity on α-amylase in a mixed-type manner with IC50 value of (5.58 ± 0.10) mg/mL. The intrinsic fluorescence of α-amylase was quenched by the interaction with LLF through a static quenching mechanism, and LLF-α-amylase complex was spontaneously formed mainly driven by the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Multispectroscopic analyses (synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR)) comprehensively demonstrated that the binding of LLF to α-amylase would change the conformation and microenvironment of α-amylase, resulting in inhibiting the enzyme activity. The present study indicated that LLF had potential to be as an ingredient in functional food for the prevention of type-2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chai WM, Huang Q, Lin MZ, Ou-Yang C, Huang WY, Wang YX, Xu KL, Feng HL. Condensed Tannins from Longan Bark as Inhibitor of Tyrosinase: Structure, Activity, and Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:908-917. [PMID: 29313327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the content, structure, antityrosinase activity, and mechanism of longan bark condensed tannins were evaluated. The findings obtained from mass spectrometry demonstrated that longan bark condensed tannins were mixtures of procyanidins, propelargonidins, prodelphinidins, and their acyl derivatives (galloyl and p-hydroxybenzoate). The enzyme analysis indicated that these mixtures were efficient, reversible, and mixed (competitive is dominant) inhibitor of tyrosinase. What's more, the mixtures showed good inhibitions on proliferation, intracellular enzyme activity and melanogenesis of mouse melanoma cells (B16). From molecular docking, the results showed the interactions between inhibitors and tyrosinase were driven by hydrogen bond, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, high levels of total phenolic and extractable condensed tannins suggested that longan bark might be a good source of tyrosinase inhibitor. This study would offer theoretical basis for the development of longan bark condensed tannins as novel food preservatives and medicines of skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Huang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Zhen Lin
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Ou-Yang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yang Huang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xia Wang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Li Xu
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Feng
- Zigong Innovation Center of Zhejiang University , Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Toledo L, Aguirre C. Enzymatic browning in avocado (Persea americana) revisited: History, advances, and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3860-3872. [PMID: 27172067 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1175416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering nearly 80 years of research regarding one of the enzymes responsible for catalyzing the formation of pigments in higher animals, plants, fungi and bacteria, this review will focus on collecting and categorizing the existing information about polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in fruits, with particular emphasis on the information in relation to avocado, which is one of the hardiest species in terms of inactivation, has documented dual activity (EC 1.14.18.1/EC 1.10.3.1), and represents one of the oldest challenges for food science research and fruit processors. It is expected that this review will contribute to the further development of the field by highlighting the questions that have arisen during the characterization of PPO, the progress that has been made and the questions that remain today, in addition to new methodologies that are being applied to study this system. Holistic methodologies offer unexplored potential for advancing our understanding of the complex phenomena that govern PPO activity in fruits, because these methodologies will enable the characterization of this family of enzymes in all of its complexity. Subsequently, it will be possible to develop better techniques for controlling enzymatic browning in this valuable fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Toledo
- a School of Food Engineering , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
| | - Carolina Aguirre
- b Research Center for Biodiversity and Sustainable Environments (CIBAS) , Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang YL, Hu G, Zhang Q, Yang YX, Li QQ, Hu YJ, Chen H, Yang FQ. Screening and Characterizing Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius by Spectrum-Effect Relationship Analysis and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:2141389. [PMID: 29862119 PMCID: PMC5971358 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2141389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of melanin, while direct TYR inhibitors are a class of important clinical antimelanoma drugs. This study established a spectrum-effect relationship analysis method and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis method to screen and identify the active ingredients that inhibited TYR in Salvia miltiorrhiza-Carthamus tinctorius (Danshen-Honghua, DH) herbal pair. Seventeen potential active compounds (peaks) in the extract of DH herbal pair were predicted, and thirteen of them were tentatively identified by LC-MS analysis. Furthermore, TYR inhibitory activities of five pure compounds obtained from the DH herbal pair were validated in the test in which kojic acid served as a positive control drug. Among them, three compounds including protocatechuic aldehyde, hydroxysafflor yellow A, and tanshinone IIA were verified to have high TYR inhibitory activity (IC50 value of 455, 498, and 1214 μM, resp.) and bind to the same amino acid residues in TYR catalytic pocket according to the results of the molecular docking test. However, the other two compounds lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid A had a weak effect on TYR, as they do not combine with the active amino acid residues or act on the active center of TYR. Therefore, the developed methods (spectrum-effect relationship analysis and molecular docking) could be used to effectively screen TYR inhibitors in complex mixtures such as natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yu-Xiu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Inhibition of tyrosinase by cherimoya pericarp proanthocyanidins: Structural characterization, inhibitory activity and mechanism. Food Res Int 2017; 100:731-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Somensi LB, Boeing T, Cury BJ, Steimbach VMB, Niero R, de Souza LM, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF. Hydroalcoholic extract from bark of Persea major (Meisn.) L.E. Kopp (Lauraceae) exerts antiulcer effects in rodents by the strengthening of the gastric protective factors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:294-304. [PMID: 28807848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Persea major (Meisn.) L.E. Kopp (Lauraceae) (botanical synonym: Persea pyrifolia (D. Don) Spreng, Persea pyrifolia Nees and Mart., Persea cordata var. major (Meisn.) Mez and Persea willdenovii Kosterm) is a medicinal plant native in the south of Brazil, where is popularly known as Pau de Andrade, Maçaranduba or Abacate-do-Mato. Its barks are commonly used to prepare an infusion which is administered orally or topically to treat ulcers and wounds, respectively. Thus, this study has been undertaken to contribute to the validation of the popular use of P. major to treat of ulcerative disorders from gastrointestinal system, using different experimental models in rodents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Firstly, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrophotometer has been performed. Next, the potential gastroprotective of hydroalcoholic extract of P. major barks (HEPM) (30-300mg/kg) has been evaluated in ulcer models acute as: ethanol, ethanol/HCl and indomethacin-induced ulcer. The extract (300mg/kg) has been also tested in acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer model. Histological, toxicological, histochemical, oxidative stress and gastric secretion parameters were analyzed. RESULTS The main compounds found in HEPM were polyphenols as condensed tannins, flavonoids heterosides derivatives from quercetin and kaempferol. HEPM (300mg/kg, p.o) prevented gastric lesions induced by ethanol or indomethacin in rats by 58.98% and 97.48%, respectively, compared to vehicle group (148.00±14.83mm2 and 12.07±1.61mm2, respectively). In acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer model the HEPM (300mg/kg, p.o) reduced the ulcer are by 40.58%, compared to vehicle group (127.90±12.04mm2). The healing effect was confirmed histologically, by an increase in mucin content and by the reduction in oxidative and inflammatory parameters at the ulcer site. Neither significant effect on gastric acid secretion nor toxicological effects and cytotoxicity were provoked by administration of HEPM. CONCLUSIONS The results allows to conclude that HEPM exerts gastroprotective and gastric cicatrizing effects favoring on protective defenses, but not possess antisecretory effect in contrast to the current antiulcer therapy, besides the extract present good tolerability and absence of cytotoxicity. Moreover, the results presented here contribute to the validation to the popular use of the P. major in the treatment of gastric ulcer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigacões Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigacões Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Benhur Judah Cury
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigacões Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviane Miranda Bispo Steimbach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigacões Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigacões Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, 80250-200 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigacões Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigacões Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wei M, Chai WM, Yang Q, Wang R, Peng Y. Novel Insights into the Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins from Pyracantha fortuneana
Fruit on α-Glucosidase. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2260-2268. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mankun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Province Nanchang; Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science; Jiangxi Normal Univ.; Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Province Nanchang; Jiangxi 330022 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fan M, Zhang G, Hu X, Xu X, Gong D. Quercetin as a tyrosinase inhibitor: Inhibitory activity, conformational change and mechanism. Food Res Int 2017; 100:226-233. [PMID: 28873682 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid compound, was found to inhibit both monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase, and its inhibition against diphenolase activity was in a reversible and competitive manner with an IC50 value of (3.08±0.74)×10-5molL-1. Quercetin bound to tyrosinase driven by hydrophobic interaction, thereby resulted in a conformational change of tyrosinase and its intrinsic fluorescence quenching. Tyrosinase had one binding site for quercetin with the binding constant in the order of magnitude of 104Lmol-1. The molecular docking revealed that quercetin bound to the active site of tyrosinase and chelated a copper with the 3', 4'-dihydroxy groups. It can be deduced that the chelation may prevent the entrance of substrate and then inhibit the catalytic activity of tyrosinase. These findings may be helpful to understand the inhibition mechanism of quercetin on tyrosinase and functional research of quercetin in the treatment of pigmentation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, 1801 Avenue of Zhongwu, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, 8 Ha Crescent, Auckland 2104, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Navarro-Hoyos M, Lebrón-Aguilar R, Quintanilla-López JE, Cueva C, Hevia D, Quesada S, Azofeifa G, Moreno-Arribas MV, Monagas M, Bartolomé B. Proanthocyanidin Characterization and Bioactivity of Extracts from Different Parts of Uncaria tomentosa L. (Cat's Claw). Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E12. [PMID: 28165396 PMCID: PMC5384175 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from alkaloids, bioactive properties of Uncaria tomentosa L. have been attributed to its phenolic constituents. Although there are some reports concerning low-molecular-weight polyphenols in U. tomentosa, its polymeric phenolic composition has been scarcely studied. In this study, phenolic-rich extracts from leaves, stems, bark and wood (n = 14) of Uncaria tomentosa plants from several regions of Costa Rica were obtained and analysed in respect to their proanthocyanidin profile determined by a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyser (ESI-QTOF MS). Main structural characteristics found for U. tomentosa proanthocyanidins were: (a) monomer composition, including pure procyanidins (only composed of (epi)catechin units) and propelargonidins (only composed of (epi)afzelechin units) as well as mixed proanthocyanidins; and (b) degree of polymerization, from 3 up to 11 units. In addition, U. tomentosa phenolic extracts were found to exhibit reasonable antioxidant capacity (ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) values between 1.5 and 18.8 mmol TE/g) and antimicrobial activity against potential respiratory pathogens (minimum IC50 of 133 µg/mL). There were also found to be particularly cytotoxic to gastric adenocarcinoma AGS and colon adenocarcinoma SW620 cell lines. The results state the particularities of U. tomentosa proanthocyanidins and suggest the potential value of these extracts with prospective use as functional ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Sede Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Rosa Lebrón-Aguilar
- Institute of Physical Chemistry "Rocasolano", CSIC,C/ Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | | | - Carolina Cueva
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - David Hevia
- IUOPA-Redox Biology Group, Department of Cellular Morphology and Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria 6, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Silvia Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Sede Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Gabriela Azofeifa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Sede Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica.
| | | | - María Monagas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu B, Xiao H, Li J, Geng S, Ma H, Liang G. Interaction of phenolic acids with trypsin: Experimental and molecular modeling studies. Food Chem 2017; 228:1-6. [PMID: 28317701 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Trypsin is a kind of protease for digestion and food processing, whose activity can be inhibited by phenolic acids in plant foods. However, most reports explained the inhibitory difference of phenolic acids based on the number and position of substituent groups, which failed to reveal the comprehensive inhibitory mechanism. In this work, the inhibitory effects of 11 common phenolic acids on trypsin were investigated. Amongst the tested cinnamic and benzoic acid derivatives, caffeic acid and gallic acid showed the strongest anti-trypsin activity with a noncompetitive inhibition pattern, respectively. The fluorescence analysis displayed that both the quenching rate constant (Kq) and binding constant (KA) of caffeic acid were higher than those of gallic acid. Molecular docking illustrated their different binding modes with trypsin. The ONIOM calculations revealed that the binding capacity of caffeic acid was higher than that of gallic acid, which could explain their difference in their inhibitory behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benguo Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Huizhi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Sheng Geng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Hanjun Ma
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Guizhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fan M, Zhang G, Pan J, Gong D. An inhibition mechanism of dihydromyricetin on tyrosinase and the joint effects of vitamins B6, D3 or E. Food Funct 2017; 8:2601-2610. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin occupies the active site of tyrosinase to avoid the entrance of the substrate and causes the inhibition of tyrosinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Junhui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Deming Gong
- New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research
- Auckland 2104
- New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chai WM, Lin MZ, Feng HL, Zou ZR, Wang YX. Proanthocyanidins purified from fruit pericarp of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels as efficient tyrosinase inhibitors: structure evaluation, inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism. Food Funct 2017; 8:1043-1051. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The characterization, anti-tyrosinase activity and cytotoxicity against B16 mouse melanoma cells of proanthocyanidins purified from the fruit pericarp of C. lansium are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Mei-Zhen Lin
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Hui-Ling Feng
- Zigong Innovation Center of Zhejiang University
- Zigong
- China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zou
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Ying-Xia Wang
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zeng L, Zhang G, Lin S, Gong D. Inhibitory Mechanism of Apigenin on α-Glucosidase and Synergy Analysis of Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6939-6949. [PMID: 27581205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity may suppress postprandial hyperglycemia. The inhibition kinetic analysis showed that apigenin reversibly inhibited α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of (10.5 ± 0.05) × 10(-6) mol L(-1), and the inhibition was in a noncompetitive manner through a monophasic kinetic process. The fluorescence quenching and conformational changes determined by fluorescence and circular dichroism were due to the formation of an α-glucosidase-apigenin complex, and the binding was mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The molecular simulation showed that apigenin bound to a site close to the active site of α-glucosidase, which may induce the channel closure to prevent the access of substrate, eventually leading to the inhibition of α-glucosidase. Isobolographic analysis of the interaction between myricetin and apigenin or morin showed that both of them exhibited synergistic effects at low concentrations and tended to exhibit additive or antagonistic interaction at high concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Suyun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Deming Gong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland , Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|