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Nounah I, El Harkaoui S, Hajib A, Gharby S, Harhar H, Bouyahya A, Caprioli G, Maggi F, Matthäus B, Charrouf Z. Effect of seed's geographical origin on cactus oil physico-chemical characteristics, oxidative stability, and antioxidant activity. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101445. [PMID: 38764786 PMCID: PMC11101876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the valorisation of cactus (or prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica) seeds growing in six different regions of Morocco. Moisture, proteins, lipids profile, total polyphenols content, oxidative stability, and antioxidant activity were investigated. The Folin-Ciocalteu test highlighted the abundant presence of phenolic compounds (165 to 225 mg EAG/100 g of extract) and a significant antioxidant capacity against DPPH free radicals. The seeds contained protein (7-9.25%) and lipids (2.7-5%). Cactus oil quality indices such as acidity and peroxide value were below 1.2% and 10 mEq.O2/kg, respectively. GC analysis revealed that linoleic and oleic acid percentages ranged from 57.1 to 63.8%, and 13.5 to 18.7%, respectively. Cactus seed oil was rich in tocopherols (500-680 mg/kg) and phytosterols (8000-11,100 mg/kg) with a predominance of γ-tocopherols and β-sitosterol. Triacylglycerols, fatty acids and sterols composition showed small variation depending on the geographical origin, while the individual tocopherol profile was significantly influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issmail Nounah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP 1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said El Harkaoui
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Insitute for Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Schützenberg 12, D-32756 Detmold, Germany
| | - Ahmed Hajib
- Higher School of Education and Training (ESEF), Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Said Gharby
- Biotechnology Analytical Sciences and Quality Control Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Université Ibn Zohr, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP 1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies and Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Insitute for Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Schützenberg 12, D-32756 Detmold, Germany
| | - Zoubida Charrouf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP 1014 Rabat, Morocco
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Kassem MA, Knizia D, Meksem K. A Summary of Two Decades of QTL and Candidate Genes That Control Seed Tocopherol Contents in Maize ( Zea mays L.). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:472. [PMID: 38674406 PMCID: PMC11049817 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols are secondary metabolites synthesized through the shikimate biosynthetic pathway in the plastids of most plants. It is well known that α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) has many health benefits for humans and animals; therefore, it is highly used in human and animal diets. Tocopherols vary considerably in most crop (and plant) species and within cultivars of the same species depending on environmental and growth conditions; tocopherol content is a polygenic, complex traits, and its inheritance is poorly understood. The objective of this review paper was to summarize all identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control seed tocopherols and related contents identified in maize (Zea mays) during the past two decades (2002-2022). Candidate genes identified within these QTL regions are also discussed. The QTL described here, and candidate genes identified within these genomic regions could be used in breeding programs to develop maize cultivars with high, beneficial levels of seed tocopherol contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Abdelmajid Kassem
- Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Forensic Sciences, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA
| | - Dounya Knizia
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (D.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Khalid Meksem
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (D.K.); (K.M.)
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El Harkaoui S, El Kaourat A, El Monfalouti H, Kartah BE, Mariod AA, Charrouf Z, Rohn S, Drusch S, Matthäus B. Chemical Composition and Geographic Variation of Cold Pressed Balanites aegyptiaca Kernel Oil. Foods 2024; 13:1135. [PMID: 38611439 PMCID: PMC11011647 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing impacts of climate change, establishing more sustainable and robust plants such as desert dates (Balanites aegyptiaca) seems to be necessary. Known for its resilience in arid conditions, this tree has the potential to become a more important food source, particularly for its potential to yield edible oil. This study characterized Balanites kernel oil (BKO) as a promising oil source in arid regions, studying the influence of geographical origin and environmental factors. Moroccan and Sudanese BKO samples were analyzed and compared with Mauritanian BKO. In the fatty acid profile, unsaturated fatty acids constituted over 70% of the BKO profile, with a predominance of linoleic acid (Li), oleic acid (Ol), palmitic acid (Pa), and stearic acid (St). Consequently, the predominant triacylglycerols were PaLiLi, PaLiOl, LiLiOl, OlLiOl, and StLiOl. α-Tocopherol dominated the tocochromanol composition (324 to 607 mg/kg), followed by γ-tocopherol (120 to 226 mg/kg), constituting 90% of the total tocochromanols. The total phytosterol content in BKO ranged from 871 to 2218 mg/kg oil, with β-sitosterol dominating (58% to 74%). Principal Component Analysis revealed that the geographical origin significantly influences BKO composition, emphasizing environmental factors, particularly water deficit and/or temperatures. Notably, Moroccan BKO collected from an area characterized by high aridity and relatively low winter temperatures, showcased a unique profile in fatty acid, phytosterols, and tocochromanols. The valorization of BKO presents an opportunity for local agricultural development in arid regions and a role model for plant development and agricultural practices in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said El Harkaoui
- Department for Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food, Schützenberg 12, 32756 Detmold, Germany;
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Food Technology and Food Material Science, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Asma El Kaourat
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta B.P., Rabat RP 1014, Morocco; (A.E.K.); (H.E.M.); (B.E.K.); (Z.C.)
| | - Hanae El Monfalouti
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta B.P., Rabat RP 1014, Morocco; (A.E.K.); (H.E.M.); (B.E.K.); (Z.C.)
| | - Badr Eddine Kartah
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta B.P., Rabat RP 1014, Morocco; (A.E.K.); (H.E.M.); (B.E.K.); (Z.C.)
| | - Abdalbasit Adam Mariod
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21931, Saudi Arabia;
- Indigenous Knowledge and Heritage Center, Ghibaish College of Science & Technology, Ghibaish P.O. Box 100, Sudan
| | - Zoubida Charrouf
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta B.P., Rabat RP 1014, Morocco; (A.E.K.); (H.E.M.); (B.E.K.); (Z.C.)
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Stephan Drusch
- Department of Food Technology and Food Material Science, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Department for Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food, Schützenberg 12, 32756 Detmold, Germany;
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QTL and Candidate Genes for Seed Tocopherol Content in ‘Forrest’ by ‘Williams 82’ Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) Population of Soybean. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091258. [PMID: 35567259 PMCID: PMC9103746 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Soybean seeds are rich in secondary metabolites which are beneficial for human health, including tocopherols. Tocopherols play an important role in human and animal nutrition thanks to their antioxidant activity. In this study, the ‘Forrest’ by ‘Williams 82’ (F×W82) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n = 306) was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, δ -tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and total tocopherol contents in Carbondale, IL over two years. Also, the identification of the candidate genes involved in soybean tocopherols biosynthetic pathway was performed. A total of 32 QTL controlling various seed tocopherol contents have been identified and mapped on Chrs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, and 20. One major and novel QTL was identified on Chr. 6 with an R2 of 27.8, 9.9, and 6.9 for δ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and total tocopherol content, respectively. Reverse BLAST analysis of the genes that were identified in Arabidopsis allowed the identification of 37 genes involved in soybean tocopherol pathway, among which 11 were located close to the identified QTLs. The tocopherol cyclase gene (TC) Glyma.06G084100 is located close to the QTLs controlling δ-tocopherol (R2 = 27.8), α-tocopherol (R2 = 9.96), and total-tocopherol (R2 = 6.95). The geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase (GGDR) Glyma.05G026200 gene is located close to a QTL controlling total tocopherol content in soybean (R2 = 4.42). The two methylphytylbenzoquinol methyltransferase (MPBQ-MT) candidate genes Glyma.02G002000 and Glyma.02G143700 are located close to a QTL controlling δ-tocopherol content (R2 = 3.57). The two γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) genes, Glyma.12G014200 and Glyma.12G014300, are located close to QTLs controlling (γ+ß) tocopherol content (R2 = 8.86) and total tocopherol (R2 = 5.94). The identified tocopherol seed QTLs and candidate genes will be beneficial in breeding programs to develop soybean cultivars with high tocopherol contents.
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Hamze L, Miserere A, Molina MS, Maestri D, Searles PS, Rousseaux MC. Influence of environmental growth temperature on tocopherol and sterol oil concentrations in olive fruit. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2741-2749. [PMID: 34716600 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocopherols and sterols are minor components of virgin olive oils that contribute to oil quality. Based on observations at different geographical locations, it has been suggested that environmental temperature during fruit growth affects tocopherol and sterol oil concentrations in olive fruit. However, controlled experiments have not been conducted to directly assess their responses to temperature. In this study, a manipulative experiment using open-top chambers (OTCs) was performed in the field to evaluate the responses of these oil components to a moderate air temperature increase during oil accumulation in young trees of two olive cultivars (Arbequina, Coratina). The two temperature levels in the OTCs were a control about 1 °C above ambient temperature (T0) and a heated treatment (T+) with a target temperature of 4 °C above T0. RESULTS Total tocopherol and sterol oil concentrations in olive fruit were generally higher in the T+ temperature treatment than in the control at the end of the oil accumulation period. The increase in total tocopherols in T+ appeared to be related to a decrease in fruit oil concentration with heating. Individual sterols showed both significant increases and decreases due to T+, and some differences in response occurred between the two cultivars. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that growth temperature affects tocopherol and sterol oil concentrations in olive fruit at the end of the oil accumulation period. Cultivars should be carefully chosen for new olive-growing regions, and the results could be relevant for global warming scenarios in existing growing regions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hamze
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-Provincia de La Rioja-UNLaR- SEGEMAR-UNCa-CONICET), Anillaco, Argentina
| | - Andrea Miserere
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-Provincia de La Rioja-UNLaR- SEGEMAR-UNCa-CONICET), Anillaco, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnologías Aplicadas (DACTAPAyU), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - M Sol Molina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) Catamarca, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Valle Viejo, Argentina
| | - Damian Maestri
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Peter S Searles
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-Provincia de La Rioja-UNLaR- SEGEMAR-UNCa-CONICET), Anillaco, Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Rousseaux
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-Provincia de La Rioja-UNLaR- SEGEMAR-UNCa-CONICET), Anillaco, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (DACEFyN), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
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Chitisankul W, Shimada K, Tsukamoto C. Antioxidative Capacity of Soyfoods and Soy Active Compounds. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/146562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Carrera CS, Salvagiotti F, Ciampitti IA. Benchmarking Nutraceutical Soybean Composition Relative to Protein and Oil. Front Nutr 2021; 8:663434. [PMID: 34458298 PMCID: PMC8385300 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.663434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore relationships between protein, oil, and seed weight with seed nutraceutical composition, focused on total isoflavone (TI) and total tocopherol (TT) contents across genotypic and environmental combinations in soybean. We conducted a synthesis-analysis of peer-reviewed published field studies reporting TI, TT, protein, oil, and seed weight (n = 1,908). The main outcomes from this synthesis-analysis were: (i) relationship of TI-to-protein concentration was positive, though for the upper boundary, TI decreases with increases in protein; (ii) relationship of TT-to-oil concentration was positive, but inconsistent when oil was expressed in mg per seed; and (iii) as seed weight increased, TI accumulation was less than proportional relative to protein concentration and TT decreased more proportional relative to oil concentration. Association between nutraceuticals and protein, oil, and seed weight for soybean reported in the present study can be used as a foundational knowledge for soybean breeding programs interested on predicting and selecting enhanced meal isoflavone and/or oil tocopherol contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza S Carrera
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina.,Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Salvagiotti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Crops, Soil and Water Management Group, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Oliveros, Argentina
| | - Ignacio A Ciampitti
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Ghosh S, Zhang S, Azam M, Qi J, Abdelghany AM, Shaibu AS, Gebregziabher BS, Feng Y, Huai Y, Htway HTP, Agyenim-Boateng KG, Liu Y, Feng H, Li J, Song W, Li B, Sun J. Seed tocopherol assessment and geographical distribution of 1151 Chinese soybean accessions from diverse ecoregions. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vilas-Franquesa A, Saldo J, Juan B. Potential of sea buckthorn-based ingredients for the food and feed industry – a review. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Food industries seek to incorporate nutritious ingredients as they could bring added value to the final food products. One of the most interesting options is that sea buckthorn contains high concentrations of vitamin C, carotenoids, tocopherols, and other bioactive compounds, in addition to the unique lipid profile in the berry pulp, seed, and peel. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of potential applications of sea buckthorn within the food and feed industry based on previously described applications. Products such as cheese, yoghurt or beverages already benefit from its application. Moreover, using sea buckthorn in feed products also derives into higher quality final products (e.g. meat quality, egg quality). Poultry, pig, and fish farming have been studied for that purpose. Despite all the accumulated articles depicted in the present review, the use of this fruit in food product formulation is nowadays scarce. New options for food product development with sea buckthorn are herein discussed.
Graphical abstract
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10
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Sagara T, Bhandari DR, Spengler B, Vollmann J. Spermidine and other functional phytochemicals in soybean seeds: Spatial distribution as visualized by mass spectrometry imaging. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:675-682. [PMID: 31993191 PMCID: PMC6977421 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean seeds contain phytochemicals such as polyamines and isoflavones, which have been identified as functional components mediating health benefits in association with the consumption of soy foods. While a clear picture of the spatial distribution of these components within the seed is lacking, such information would be important to enhance or reduce their concentration in respective foods through processing. Thus, the objective of the present study was to visualize the most relevant components with respect to their distribution in soybean seeds. Mature soybean seeds were subject to atmospheric-pressure scanning-microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-SMALDI) combined with a Fourier-transform orbital trapping mass spectrometer to generate high-resolution chemical images of phytochemical distribution. Based on seed cross sections, differential distributions of functional components were found between soybean cotyledon and germ (shoot, hypocotyl, root) regions. Spermidine and spermine were present in higher concentrations in the germ rather than in cotyledons with highest concentrations in root and shoot meristem tissues. Differential concentrations of spermidine and other components between the germ and cotyledon regions were confirmed by seed fractioning. In contrast to polyamines spermidine and spermine, the different types of daidzein, glycitein, and genistein isoflavones were all visualized in root parenchyma tissue exclusively. Overall, mass spectrometry imaging of soybean seeds revealed clear insights into the differential distribution of functional phytochemicals. Based on their distribution and depending on specific needs, spermidine and isoflavones can either be enriched or reduced during food processing by separating cotyledon and germ fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sagara
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)Tulln an der DonauAustria
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Johann Vollmann
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)Tulln an der DonauAustria
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Escalante-Valdez MJ, Guardado-Félix D, Serna-Saldívar SO, Barrera-Arellano D, Chuck-Hernández C. Effects of Post Anthesis Foliar Application of Sodium Selenite to Soybeans ( Glycine max): Lipid Composition and Oil Stability. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E772. [PMID: 31771157 PMCID: PMC6995593 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining whether applying selenium to soybean plants affected composition and oil oxidative stability of the seeds. Soybean was cultivated and sodium selenite (Selenite) added by foliar application (0, 200, or 300 g Selenite/Ha). Physical and chemical characterization was performed on the harvested seeds (thousand seed weight, bulk and true densities, fat, fiber, ash, protein, nitrogen free extract and selenium content). Soybean oil was tested in terms of Oxidation Induction Time (OIT), fatty acid, tocopherols, phytosterols, density, refractive index and saponification and iodine values. All seeds showed similar composition: crude fat (around 20%) and crude fiber (from 8.4 to 9.3%). Control seeds and those treated with 200 g Selenite/Ha contained higher protein concentration (37%), compared to the 300 g treatment (35.9%). All seeds showed similar ash content (7%). OIT values for both treatments were slightly lower (from 39.1 to 43.7 min) compared with 45.02 min in the control. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher for the 300 g Se/Ha (50.2%) compared with 48.2 to 49.4%of the other treatments. All samples showed similar phytosterols and tocopherols concentrations. Results showed that OIT values maintained an inverse relationship with selenium content, suggesting that foliar fertilization enhanced oil oxidation or acted as a pro-oxidant at the applied rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Escalante-Valdez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Col. Tecnologico, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; (M.J.E.-V.); (D.G.-F.); (S.O.S.-S.)
| | - Daniela Guardado-Félix
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Col. Tecnologico, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; (M.J.E.-V.); (D.G.-F.); (S.O.S.-S.)
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, FCQB-UAS, AP 1354, C.P. 80000 Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Col. Tecnologico, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; (M.J.E.-V.); (D.G.-F.); (S.O.S.-S.)
| | - Daniel Barrera-Arellano
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, P.O. Box 6121 Campinas, Brazil;
| | - Cristina Chuck-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Col. Tecnologico, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; (M.J.E.-V.); (D.G.-F.); (S.O.S.-S.)
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Park C, Dwiyanti MS, Nagano AJ, Liu B, Yamada T, Abe J. Identification of quantitative trait loci for increased α-tocopherol biosynthesis in wild soybean using a high-density genetic map. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:510. [PMID: 31752696 PMCID: PMC6873731 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is one of the most important crop sources of tocopherols (Toc). However, the content of α-Toc, an isoform with the highest vitamin E activity in humans, is low in most cultivars. With the aim of broadening genetic variability, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for a high seed α-Toc trait detected in a wild soybean and characterized the sequence polymorphisms and expression profiles of γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) genes as potential candidates. RESULTS A recombinant inbred line population was developed from a cross between the low α-Toc breeding line TK780 and the high α-Toc wild accession B04009. The α-Toc content in seeds correlated strongly with the ratio of α-Toc to γ-Toc contents. QTL analysis using a high-density map constructed with 7710 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing detected six QTLs involved in α-Toc biosynthesis. Of these, three in chromosomes (Chr) 9, 11, and 12 produced consistent effects during a 2-year trial. B04009 allele at QTLs in Chr9 and Chr12 and TK780 allele at the QTL in Chr11 each promoted the conversion of γ-Toc to α-Toc, which elevated the seed α-Toc content. SNPs and indels were detected between the parents in three γ-TMT genes (γ-TMT1, γ-TMT2, and γ-TMT3) co-located in the QTLs in Chr9 and Chr12, of which some existed in the cis-regulatory elements associated with seed development and functions. In immature cotyledons, γ-TMT3 was expressed at higher levels in B04009 than TK780, irrespective of two thermal conditions tested, whereas the expression of γ-TMT2 was markedly upregulated under higher temperatures, particularly in B04009. CONCLUSIONS We identified QTLs consistently controlling α-Toc biosynthesis in wild soybean seeds in 2-year trials. The QTL on Chr9 had been previously identified in soybean, whereas the QTLs on Chr11 and Chr12 were novel. Further molecular dissections and characterization of the QTLs may facilitate the use of high α-Toc alleles from wild soybean in soybean breeding and an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying α-Toc biosynthesis in soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolwoo Park
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Baohui Liu
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Jun Abe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
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Lou H, Ding M, Wu J, Zhang F, Chen W, Yang Y, Suo J, Yu W, Xu C, Song L. Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis of the Genes Involved in Tocopherol Biosynthesis in Torreya grandis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1877-1888. [PMID: 30735036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of Torreya grandis (Cephalotaxaceae) are rich in tocopherols, which are essential components of the human diet as a result of their function in scavenging reactive oxygen and free radicals. Different T. grandis cultivars (10 cultivars selected in this study were researched, and their information is shown in Table S1 of the Supporting Information) vary enormously in their tocopherol contents (0.28-11.98 mg/100 g). However, little is known about the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of tocopherol biosynthesis in T. grandis kernels. Here, we applied single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to T. grandis (X08 cultivar) for the first time and obtained a total of 97 211 full-length transcripts. We proposed the biosynthetic pathway of tocopherol and identified eight full-length transcripts encoding enzymes potentially involved in tocopherol biosynthesis in T. grandis. The results of the correlation analysis between the tocopherol content and gene expression level in the 10 selected cultivars and different kernel developmental stages of the X08 cultivar suggested that homogentisate phytyltransferase coding gene ( TgVTE2b) and γ-tocopherol methyltransferase coding gene ( TgVTE4) may be key players in tocopherol accumulation in the kernels of T. grandis. Subcellular localization assays showed that both TgVTE2b and TgVTE4 were localized to the chloroplast. We also identified candidate regulatory genes similar to WRI1 and DGAT1 in Arabidopsis that may be involved in the regulation of tocopherol biosynthesis. Our findings provide valuable genetic information for T. grandis using full-length transcriptomic analysis, elucidating the candidate genes and key regulatory genes involved in tocopherol biosynthesis. This information will be critical for further molecular-assisted screening and breeding of T. grandis genotypes with high tocopherol contents.
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Trimigno A, Münger L, Picone G, Freiburghaus C, Pimentel G, Vionnet N, Pralong F, Capozzi F, Badertscher R, Vergères G. GC-MS Based Metabolomics and NMR Spectroscopy Investigation of Food Intake Biomarkers for Milk and Cheese in Serum of Healthy Humans. Metabolites 2018; 8:E26. [PMID: 29570652 PMCID: PMC6027507 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and validation of food intake biomarkers (FIBs) in human biofluids is a key objective for the evaluation of dietary intake. We report here the analysis of the GC-MS and 1H-NMR metabolomes of serum samples from a randomized cross-over study in 11 healthy volunteers having consumed isocaloric amounts of milk, cheese, and a soy drink as non-dairy alternative. Serum was collected at baseline, postprandially up to 6 h, and 24 h after consumption. A multivariate analysis of the untargeted serum metabolomes, combined with a targeted analysis of candidate FIBs previously reported in urine samples from the same study, identified galactitol, galactonate, and galactono-1,5-lactone (milk), 3-phenyllactic acid (cheese), and pinitol (soy drink) as candidate FIBs for these products. Serum metabolites not previously identified in the urine samples, e.g., 3-hydroxyisobutyrate after cheese intake, were detected. Finally, an analysis of the postprandial behavior of candidate FIBs, in particular the dairy fatty acids pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid, revealed specific kinetic patterns of relevance to their detection in future validation studies. Taken together, promising candidate FIBs for dairy intake appear to be lactose and metabolites thereof, for lactose-containing products, and microbial metabolites derived from amino acids, for fermented dairy products such as cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Trimigno
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | | | - Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | | | | | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.
| | - François Pralong
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
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