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Visagie JL, Aruwajoye GS, van der Sluis R. Pharmacokinetics of aspirin: evaluating shortcomings in the literature. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39092921 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2386368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aspirin is known for its therapeutic benefits in preventing strokes and relieving pain. However, it is toxic to some individuals, and the biological mechanisms causing toxicity are unknown. Limited literature is available on the role of glycine conjugation as the principal pathway in aspirin detoxification. Previous studies have quantified this two-step enzyme reaction as a singular enzymatic process. Consequently, the individual contributions of these enzymes to the kinetics remain unclear. AREAS COVERED This review summarized the available information on the pharmacokinetics and detoxification of aspirin by the glycine conjugation pathway. Literature searches were conducted using Google Scholar and the academic journal databases accessible through the North-West University Library. Furthermore, the factors affecting interindividual variation in aspirin metabolism and what is known regarding aspirin toxicity were discussed. EXPERT OPINION The greatest drawback in understanding the pharmacokinetics of aspirin is the limited information available on the substrate preference of the xenobiotic ligase (ACSM) responsible for activating salicylate to salicyl-CoA. Furthermore, previous pharmacokinetic studies did not consider the contribution of other substrates from the diet or genetic variants, to the detoxification rate of glycine conjugation. Impaired glycine conjugation might contribute to adverse health effects seen in Reye's syndrome and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus Lukas Visagie
- Focus Area for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Rencia van der Sluis
- Focus Area for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Ding C, Zhang Y, Chen C, Wang J, Qin M, Gu Y, Zhang S, Wang L, Luo Y. Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a New Nanoscale Resistance Inducer for Fusarium Wilt Control: Size Effects and Mechanism of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4514. [PMID: 38674099 PMCID: PMC11050273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In agriculture, soil-borne fungal pathogens, especially Fusarium oxysporum strains, are posing a serious threat to efforts to achieve global food security. In the search for safer agrochemicals, silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) have recently been proposed as a new tool to alleviate pathogen damage including Fusarium wilt. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs), a unique class of SiO2NPs, have been widely accepted as desirable carriers for pesticides. However, their roles in enhancing disease resistance in plants and the specific mechanism remain unknown. In this study, three sizes of HMSNs (19, 96, and 406 nm as HMSNs-19, HMSNs-96, and HMSNs-406, respectively) were synthesized and characterized to determine their effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (FOP) suppression. The three HMSNs exhibited no side effects on cowpea seed germination and seedling growth at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1500 mg/L. The inhibitory effects of the three HMSNs on FOP mycelial growth were very weak, showing inhibition ratios of less than 20% even at 2000 mg/L. Foliar application of HMSNs, however, was demonstrated to reduce the FOP severity in cowpea roots in a size- and concentration-dependent manner. The three HMSNs at a low concentration of 100 mg/L, as well as HMSNs-19 at a high concentration of 1000 mg/L, were observed to have little effect on alleviating the disease incidence. HMSNs-406 were most effective at a concentration of 1000 mg/L, showing an up to 40.00% decline in the disease severity with significant growth-promoting effects on cowpea plants. Moreover, foliar application of HMSNs-406 (1000 mg/L) increased the salicylic acid (SA) content in cowpea roots by 4.3-fold, as well as the expression levels of SA marker genes of PR-1 (by 1.97-fold) and PR-5 (by 9.38-fold), and its receptor gene of NPR-1 (by 1.62-fold), as compared with the FOP infected control plants. Meanwhile, another resistance-related gene of PAL was also upregulated by 8.54-fold. Three defense-responsive enzymes of POD, PAL, and PPO were also involved in the HMSNs-enhanced disease resistance in cowpea roots, with varying degrees of reduction in activity. These results provide substantial evidence that HMSNs exert their Fusarium wilt suppression in cowpea plants by activating SA-dependent SAR (systemic acquired resistance) responses rather than directly suppressing FOP growth. Overall, for the first time, our results indicate a new role of HMSNs as a potent resistance inducer to serve as a low-cost, highly efficient, safe and sustainable alternative for plant disease protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shujing Zhang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.D.); (Y.Z.); (C.C.); (J.W.); (M.Q.); (Y.G.); (L.W.)
| | | | - Yanping Luo
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.D.); (Y.Z.); (C.C.); (J.W.); (M.Q.); (Y.G.); (L.W.)
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Suliburska J, Cholik RS. Risks and benefits of salicylates in food: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad136. [PMID: 37897072 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylates are generally present in plants as part of their defense system against pathogens and environmental stress. Major dietary sources of salicylates were found in spices and herbs, such as curry and paprika (hot powder). Several studies suggest that these natural salicylates offer health benefits in the human body, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, despite their advantages, salicylates can be harmful to people with allergies, and high doses of salicylates may cause respiratory alkalosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Additionally, salicylates can interact with certain drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and warfarin. This narrative review aimed to consolidate recent information on the content of salicylates in food based on the literature, while also highlighting the benefits and risks associated with salicylate consumption in humans. Based on the literature review and analysis of results, it can be concluded that the dietary intake of salicylates in vegetarians can be relatively high, resulting in concentrations of salicylic acid in the blood and urine that are comparable to those observed in patients taking a low dose of aspirin (75 mg). This suggests that a diet rich in salicylates may have potential benefits in preventing and treating some diseases that require low doses of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafsan Syabani Cholik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Shen SH, Wang ST, Chen JB, Fang WH, Zhang J. Supramolecular Chemistry of Windmill-like Al 10 Clusters: Adjustable Guests and Hydrogen-Bonding Networks for Enhanced Optical Limiting. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:8300-8308. [PMID: 37196239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The interest in cluster chemistry lies not only in the development of new types of geometric structures but also in the higher-level connectivity and assembly of clusters at the supramolecular level. Here, we report a novel windmill-like Al10 cluster and consider this geometrically unique cluster as an anionic node assembled together with different cationic guests such as imidazolium and guanidinium. These guests with different hydrogen-bond angles can help to obtain a series of diverse hydrogen-bonding networks and then manipulate the stacking mode of hosts and guests. Furthermore, we realized a supramolecular approach to fine-tune the optical limiting properties of the cluster. This work not only enriches the host-guest chemistry of ionic windmill-like clusters but also opens up more possibilities for aluminum oxo cluster-based hydrogen-bonded frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - San-Tai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei-Hui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Tzima CS, Banti CN, Hatzidimitriou AG, Hadjikakou SK. Possible implementation of salicylate anions in lead detoxification. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 244:112225. [PMID: 37075542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble coordination polymer of formula {[Pb(Sal)2(H2O)]n} (SaLead), was obtained from the reaction between Pb(NO3)2 and the potassium salt of salicylic acid (SalH), an anti-inflammatory drug, which is also use as food preservation, in cosmetics etc. The compound was characterized by melting point, Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD) in solid state and in solution by Ultra Violet (UV) and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The binding affinity of SalK to Pb(II) ions towards SaLead was determined in order to examine its possible implementation in lead detoxification. The in vitro non-toxic behaviour of SalK and its complex SaLead was evaluated against normal human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). The corresponding IC50 values are 260 ± 13 and > 1600 μM respectively. The non-genotoxic in vitro activity of SaLead was confirmed with the micronucleus (MN) assay, while its in vivo non-toxicity behaviour was evaluated with Allium cepa and Artemia salina assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula S Tzima
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina N Banti
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | | | - Sotiris K Hadjikakou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece.
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Siña MJ, Valdés F, Zelada Ú, Tagle MT, Campillay R, Sandoval D, Herrera P, Bastías C. Aspirin desensitization in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory exacerbated respiratory disease: The first prospective cohort in Chile. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 3:951323. [PMID: 36816475 PMCID: PMC9929946 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.951323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is characterized by the Samter triad: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, asthma, and nonallergic hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Its diagnosis is based on a complete clinical history and an aspirin (ASA) challenge test. Medical treatments include biological drugs and ASA desensitization. Objective This study aims to evaluate the clinical response of patients with N-ERD undergoing functional endoscopic surgery (FES), followed by ASA desensitization and maintenance treatment, being the first prospective cohort study carried out in Chile. Methods We conducted 1-year follow-up of 12 patients with N-ERD treated with FES, desensitization, and maintenance with ASA. For each control, the medication score, sinonasal symptomatology (SNOT-22), PEF (peak expiratory flow), nasal polyposis (Lildholdt score), and the appearance of adverse effects were recorded. Computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal cavities was performed at baseline and at the 12-month follow-up to calculate the Lund-Mackay score. Results Patients presented a reduction of SNOT-22 after the FES, which was maintained at 12 months (p = 0.002); the symptoms that showed the greatest reduction were feeling embarrassed and nasal obstruction. The Lildholdt score was also significantly reduced (p = 0.001); in only three patients, the nasal polyps recurred, and all were small. The PEF showed a slight nonsignificant increase of 3.3%. In total, 75% of patients had an adverse effect, the most frequent being abdominal pain (66.7%), but none of the 12 patients required discontinuation of aspirin treatment in 1-year follow-up. The Lund-Mackay score had a significant reduction of 6.6 points (p < 0.001). Conclusion ASA desensitization is safe and effective in reducing upper and lower respiratory symptoms in patients with N-ERD and delays the reappearance of nasal polyps, although it is not exempt from adverse effects, with the vast majority being mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Josefina Siña
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Section, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Valdés
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Section, Barros Luco Trudeau Healthcare Complex, Santiago, Chile,Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,Correspondence: Felipe Valdés
| | - Úrsula Zelada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Barros Luco Trudeau Healthcare Complex, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Teresa Tagle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Section, Barros Luco Trudeau Healthcare Complex, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Campillay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Section, Barros Luco Trudeau Healthcare Complex, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pablo Herrera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Section, Barros Luco Trudeau Healthcare Complex, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Bastías
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Section, Barros Luco Trudeau Healthcare Complex, Santiago, Chile,Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Carreño-Vega O, Vargas-Zamarripa M, Salas P, Ramírez-García G. Poly(allylamine)-copper(II) coordination complex grafted on core@shell upconversion nanoparticles for ultrafast and sensitive determination of the phytohormone salicylic acid in plant extracts. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11630-11640. [PMID: 35861610 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01392d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic phytohormone with critical roles in plant growth regulation and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Since low SA concentrations can modulate many plant biochemical responses, innovative analytical tools are required to deeply understand its activity and to control its exogenous application in modern agricultural systems. Herein, a NIR-activated composite based on NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4 core@shell upconversion nanoparticles decorated with the poly(allylamine)-Cu(II) complex [UCNPs-PAAm-Cu(II)] was developed to sensitively determine the SA molecule in plant-derived samples. Accordingly, the PAAm-Cu(II) complex grafted on the UCNPs induces a strategic charge transfer band which triggers a quenching process through a resonance energy transfer (RET) mechanism. Such process is gradually deactivated upon the addition of SA and the consequent formation of the SA-Cu(II) complex, allowing a luminescence recovery in the 1-800 nM linear range. This mechanism is promoted by the strong stability of the SA-Cu(II) complex (log β2-SA/Cu = 19.01) which is over twelve orders of magnitude stronger than the PAAm-Cu2+ counterpart. Furthermore, the equilibrium and kinetic studies on the involved mononuclear Cu2+ complexes formation permitted instantaneous analytical responses and excellent selectivity against other representative phytohormones and metallic cations. The reliability of this method was demonstrated by determining the SA content of some edible fruits and vegetables comprising apple, lemon, kiwi, tomato, and cucumber, whose concentrations ranged from 0.30 to 2.99 μg g-1, with percent recoveries between 94.6 to 102.3%. Thereby, the reported nanocomplex can help to understand the SA activity in plants with significant applications in crop yield improvement and food quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Carreño-Vega
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Laboratory. 3001, Boulevard Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Marlene Vargas-Zamarripa
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Juárez 77, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Pedro Salas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Laboratory. 3001, Boulevard Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Gonzalo Ramírez-García
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Laboratory. 3001, Boulevard Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Dietary Intervention Effectiveness, Clinical Outcomes and Nutrient and Salicylate Intakes in Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care Homes: The Results from the Senior’s Plate Project. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040871. [PMID: 35215521 PMCID: PMC8880060 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal nutrition is an important part of the therapeutic process offered to patients in long-term care, as it can significantly influence their nutritional and health status. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of a dietary intervention on the nutritional status, clinical outcomes and selected nutrient and salicylate intakes among older adults living in a long-term care nursing home. To achieve the research goal, a prospective, non-randomized, baseline-controlled intervention study was conducted. The study was conducted within the framework of the “Senior’s Plate Project”, a project established in 2018 by the Polish Society of Dietetics. Methods: A 3 month dietary intervention, which included one serving of supplementary food, served as a second breakfast (Nestle Sinlac). Energy, nutrients and salicylates intakes were estimated on the basis of the menus. Food and beverage intakes among residents were verified by health care personnel. Anthropometric measurements and clinical examinations were conducted according to standard procedures at baseline and after intervention. Results: Of the 38 residents qualified for the study, 29 completed the program. Residents’ body mass index (BMI) values ranged from 13.3 kg/m2 to 34 kg/m2. A BMI <22 kg/m2, indicating underweight, was found in 19 subjects. The dietary intervention resulted in increased body weight (57.8 ± 12.3 vs. 59.4 ± 12.6 kg), BMI (22.4 ± 4.0 vs. 23.0 ± 4.1 kg/m2) and body fat (19.2 ± 8.7 vs. 20.6 ± 8.9 kg). Significant changes in the levels of biochemical parameters, including serum calcium (8.7 vs. 9.5 mg/dL), potassium (4.1 ± 0.6 vs. 4.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L) and zinc (74.1 ± 10.9 vs. 109.0 ± 20.4 µg/dL), were observed. Energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes were significantly higher in the third month of the intervention as compared to the baseline. The estimated medial daily intake of salicylates was low and ranged from 0.34 mg to 0.39 mg. Conclusions: The dietary intervention resulted in beneficial and significant changes in the nutritional status, biochemical parameters and nutrition of residents of the long-term care home. These results suggest that practical and individualized approaches are required to improve the nutritional status and clinical outcomes of nursing homes residents.
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Tambuzzi S, Gentile G, Boracchi M, Di Candia D, Bianchi R, Zoja R. Postmortem diagnostics of assumed suicidal food anaphylaxis in prison: a unique case of anaphylactic death due to peach ingestion. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2021; 17:449-455. [PMID: 33939114 PMCID: PMC8413180 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal ingestion of food which the victim is aware they are allergic to is an exceptional occurrence in the forensic field. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of suicidal food anaphylaxis have been reported to date. Therefore we present the first case described in the literature. A 30-year-old prisoner was found dead inside his cell with the remains of a peach remains next to his body, and a handwritten farewell note in his pocket. The autopsy revealed only non-specific findings, while laboratory investigations (serological, toxicological, histological, and immunohistochemical) played a pivotal role in determing the cause and manner of death. In particular, a high titer of both total and specific IgE antibodies was detected, as well as an increase of the tryptase level in cadaveric blood. Moreover, a massive concentration of salicylates was measured in the gastric contents. Microscopically, cellular residues characterized by a vegetal structure were observed in the gastric contents and elements suggestive of mast cells were detected in the glottis, lungs, and myocardium. The immunohistochemical investigation with anti-CD117 and anti-tryptase antibodies showed positivity for mast cells, some of which appeared degranulated. Such findings were entirely consistent with an acute systemic anaphylactic reaction triggered by allergy. Therefore, the prisoner’s death was attributed to self-induced food anaphylaxis caused by the ingestion of peaches. This conclusion was achieved based only on circumstantial data, anamnestic information, autopsy findings, and multiple laboratory results. This integrated approach should be used to pursue a post-mortem diagnosis of anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tambuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Guendalina Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Candia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Rachele Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37 - 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zoja
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37 - 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Effectiveness of Personalized Low Salicylate Diet in the Management of Salicylates Hypersensitive Patients: Interventional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030991. [PMID: 33808619 PMCID: PMC8003553 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid and its derivatives (including acetylsalicylic acid/aspirin) are popular in medicine. They also occur naturally in many food products. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the personalized low salicylate diet (PLSD) on the reduction of asthma, rhinosinusitis and urticaria symptoms in patients with hypersensitivity to aspirin (ASA) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To achieve the research goal, a prospective, nonrandomized, baseline-controlled intervention study was conducted. Thirty patients diagnosed with NSAIDs hypersensitivity, who despite pharmacotherapy had symptoms of hypersensitivity, were included in the study. The PLSD was recommended for all participants for a period of two to four weeks. The intensity of subjectively declared symptoms of asthma, rhinosinusitis and urticaria were measured before and after dietary intervention, using, respectively, the asthma control test (ACT), the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) and the four-item itch questionnaire (FIIQ). Diet adherence and salicylate intake were measured by a 3-day food record. The severity of symptoms improved significantly after the intervention. The median of the ACT score was 24 scores before and 25 after the dietary intervention (p < 0.002), the median of the SNOT-22 score was 25 before and 13 after a dietary intervention (p < 0.0002) and the median of the FIIQ score was 5 before and 0 after a dietary intervention (p < 0.0002). The intake of salicylates decreased from 0.79 mg/day (before intervention) to 0.15 mg/day (p < 0.001) (during intervention). Although the usefulness of a low salicylate diet in the treatment of salicylate hypersensitivity is controversial, the results of our study indicate that the PLSD may have a positive effect in reducing symptoms of salicylate hypersensitivity and could be an additional tool supporting the therapy of these patients.
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Gajewska D, Kęszycka PK, Sandzewicz M, Kozłowski P, Myszkowska-Ryciak J. Intake of Dietary Salicylates from Herbs and Spices among Adult Polish Omnivores and Vegans. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2727. [PMID: 32900002 PMCID: PMC7551261 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that a diet rich in bioactive compounds from herbs and spices has the ability to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The consumption of herbs and spices is often overlooked in the studies on food intake. However, measurement of dietary intake of these products, as a source of bioactive compounds, including salicylates, has recently gained much significance. The aims of the study were (i) to assess the intake of herbs and spices at the individual level and (ii) to calculate the dietary salicylates intake from herbs and spices among adult omnivores and vegans. The study group consisted of 270 adults aged 19 to 67 years, including 205 women and 65 men. Among all, 208 individuals were following an omnivorous diet while 62 were vegans. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was designed to assess the habitual intake of 61 fresh and dried herbs and spices during the preceding three months. The five most frequently eaten herbs among omnivores were parsley, garlic, dill, marjoram and basil, while among vegans they were garlic, parsley, ginger, basil and dill. An average intake of all condiments included in the study was 22.4 ± 18.4 g/day and 25.8 ± 25.9 g/day for both omnivores and vegans, respectively (p = 0.007). Estimated medial salicylates intake was significantly higher among vegans (p = 0.000) and reached 5.82 mg/week vs. 3.13 mg/week for omnivores. Our study confirmed that herbs and spices are important sources of salicylates; however, the type of diet influenced their level in the diet. Vegans consume significantly more total salicylates than omnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Gajewska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.K.); (M.S.); (P.K.); (J.M.-R.)
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Žatko D, Vašková J, Perjési P, Haus M, Vaško L. Pro-oxidative and antioxidant effects of salicylates. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rashmi HB, Negi PS. Phenolic acids from vegetables: A review on processing stability and health benefits. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109298. [PMID: 32846511 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are the most prominent group of bioactive compounds present in various plant sources. Hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids, the aromatic secondary metabolites imparting typical organoleptic characteristics to food are the major phenolic acids, and they are linked to several health benefits. Fruit and beverage crops being the richer sources of phenolic acids have been studied in depth, but phenolic acids from vegetables are largely overlooked. Though lesser in quantity in many vegetables, there is a need to explore the health benefits of the phenolic acids present in them. In this review, the importance of vegetables as a significant source of phenolic acids is emphasized. Vegetables being easily accessible throughout the year and consumed in larger quantities compared to fruits in our daily diet will probably contribute to significant health benefits. Since vegetables are often processed before consumption, the changes in phenolic acids as influenced by processing methods are highlighted. Best processing methods, pre-treatments and storage conditions for higher retention of phenolic acids have been highlighted to minimize their losses. The phenolic acids in vegetables and their health benefits have been cluster mapped, which may facilitate further research for nutraceutical development for specific health concerns. The processing stability of phenolic acids coupled with higher consumption indicates that they may be a potential source of phenolic acids in the diet. It is expected that the popularization of vegetables as a source of phenolic acids in daily diet will help in ameliorating the adverse effect of some of the lifestyle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havalli Bommegowda Rashmi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Negi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
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Larner J, Durrant A, Hughes P, Mahalingam D, Rivers S, Matar H, Thomas E, Barrett M, Pinhal A, Amer N, Hall C, Jackson T, Catalani V, Chilcott RP. Efficacy of Different Hair and Skin Decontamination Strategies with Identification of Associated Hazards to First Responders. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2020; 24:355-368. [PMID: 31251095 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2019.1636912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Established procedures for mass casualty decontamination involve the deployment of equipment for showering with water (such as the ladder pipe system [LPS] and technical decontamination [TD]). This necessarily introduces a short, but critical delay. The incorporation of dry decontamination to the incident response process offers the potential to establish a more rapid and timely intervention. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of various dry (DD) and wet decontamination strategies for removing a chemical warfare simulant (methyl salicylate; MS) from the hair and skin of human volunteers. Methods: The simulant was applied to volunteers via whole body exposure to an aerosol. Three decontamination protocols (dry, LPS and technical decontamination) were applied, singly and in various combinations. The efficacy of the protocols was evaluated by fluorescent photography and analysis of residual MS from skin/hair swabs, decontamination materials and air samples. Results: Dry decontamination was effective, with the greatest reduction in skin and hair contamination arising from the "Triple Protocol" (DD+LPS+TD). Secondary hazards associated with contaminated individuals and equipment decreased as the number of decontamination procedures increased. In particular, dry decontamination reduced the potential contact and inhalation hazard arising from used washcloths, towels and vapor within the TD units. Discussion: The introduction of dry decontamination prior to wet forms of decontamination offers a simple strategy to initiate treatment at a much earlier opportunity, with a corresponding improvement in clinical outcomes and substantial reduction of secondary hazards associated with operational processes.
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Protasiuk E, Olejnik M. Residues of salicylic acid and its metabolites in hen plasma, tissues and eggs as a result of animal treatment and consumption of naturally occurring salicylates. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:946-954. [PMID: 32240053 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1744740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Salicylates are among the most known anti-inflammatory drugs, used both in human and veterinary medicine. They also occur naturally in plants. Residues of salicylic acid in tissues and eggs may occur after drug administration or exposure of animals to feed material with high salicylate content. An animal study was performed on laying hens. The birds received sodium salicylate or acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days or were given corn containing 1.18 mg/kg of salicylic acid. Samples of liver, muscle and plasma were collected at 0, 4, 8, 24 and 72 h after treatment; eggs were collected daily for 14 days. Salicylic acid and its metabolites: gentisic acid, salicyluric acid and gentisuric acid were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. In both liver and muscle, the residues after administration of sodium salicylate were initially higher than for acetylsalicylic acid but they depleted at the same time. The deposition and depletion profile of salicylic acid in eggs was similar for groups receiving both drugs; the plateau level reached 248 ± 61.5 μg/kg and 275 ± 82.1 μg/kg. The concentration of salicylic acid in tissues and eggs of animals receiving salicylic acid was low. Gentisic acid was found in individual samples of liver, muscle and eggs from all treated groups. The exposure of hens to the salicylates at feed additive levels and to naturally occurring salicylates results in low residue concentrations and fast depletion of salicylic acid. The eggs do not pose any risk to consumers sensitive to salicylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Protasiuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Olejnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy, Poland
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Kim SW, Goossens A, Libert C, Van Immerseel F, Staal J, Beyaert R. Phytohormones: Multifunctional nutraceuticals against metabolic syndrome and comorbid diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113866. [PMID: 32088261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the co-occurrence of diverse symptoms initiating the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and a variety of comorbid diseases. The complex constellation of numerous comorbidities makes it difficult to develop common therapeutic approaches that ameliorate these pathological features simultaneously. The plant hormones abscisic acid, salicylic acid, auxin, and cytokinins, have shown promising anti-inflammatory and pro-metabolic effects that could mitigate several disorders relevant to metabolic syndrome. Intriguingly, besides plants, human cells and gut microbes also endogenously produce these molecules, indicating a role in the complex interplay between inflammatory responses associated with metabolic syndrome, the gut microbiome, and nutrition. Here, we introduce how bioactive phytohormones can be generated endogenously and through the gut microbiome. These molecules subsequently influence immune responses and metabolism. We also elaborate on how phytohormones can beneficially modulate metabolic syndrome comorbidities, and propose them as nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Woo Kim
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Nobile M, Arioli F, Pavlovic R, Ceriani F, Lin SK, Panseri S, Villa R, Chiesa LM. Presence of emerging contaminants in baby food. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 37:131-142. [PMID: 31661665 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1682686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food safety becomes imperative when it aims to protect infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of emerging contaminants of which some act as endocrine-disruptors in baby food. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), parabens and antibiotics were analysed in 112 baby food of different categories (meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, cheese). As regard POPs, PFASs and antibiotics, no residues were detected, while one sample showed methyl-paraben (4.14 ng g-1), whereas another three contained propyl-paraben (median 1.70 ng g-1). Special attention must be paid on parabens metabolites, as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the principal parabens metabolite, was detected in all samples (median 176.7 ng g-1). It may be present as a degradation product, but also, it can be released from vegetables and fruits during food processing. It is recommended to collect more data on natural vs non-natural occurrence of parabens and metabolites to evaluate the exposure of sensitive population vs ADI published by the European Food Safety Authority and European Medicines Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nobile
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ceriani
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Shih-Kuo Lin
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Villa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Gajewska D, Kęszycka PK, Szkop M. Dietary salicylates in herbs and spices. Food Funct 2019; 10:7037-7041. [PMID: 31625548 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine dietary salicylate content in selected culinary herbs and spices, using the RP-HPLC method with fluorescence detection. The highest concentrations of salicylates were found in dried basil and cumin, followed by dried oregano and cloves. Our research contributes to the global database of salicylate content in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Gajewska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Katarzyna Kęszycka
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Szkop
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Protasiuk E, Olejnik M. Determination of Salicylic Acid in Feed Using LC-MS/MS. J Vet Res 2018; 62:303-307. [PMID: 30584609 PMCID: PMC6295987 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salicylic acid is a derivative of benzoic acid and occurs in nature. The main target of this study was to develop the liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry technique as a method for determination of salicylic acid in feed materials and compound feed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Salicylic acid was extracted from feed with 0.1% hydrochloric acid in methanol. Separation was achieved in 8 min in a gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. The analyte was detected using negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The procedure was validated to the specifications of the European Commission Decision No. 2002/657/EC. RESULTS The validation results showed the repeatability of the method, which was evaluated at three levels (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg). Calibration curves for the working ranges were linear (R2 0.9911 to 0.9936), and recoveries ranged from 98.3% to 101%. The LOD and LOQ for compound feed were 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Salicylic acid was found mostly in corn, and its concentrations differed depending on whether it was young or fully grown (5.30-12.8 mg/kg and 0.13-1.01 mg/kg, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A sensitive and reliable method for the determination of salicylic acid in feed and compound feed using LC-MS/MS was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Protasiuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Pulawy, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Olejnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Pulawy, Poland
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