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Li T, Borg AJE, Krammer L, Weber H, Breinbauer R, Nidetzky B. Discovery, characterization, and comparative analysis of new UGT72 and UGT84 family glycosyltransferases. Commun Chem 2024; 7:147. [PMID: 38942997 PMCID: PMC11213884 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylated derivatives of natural product polyphenols display a spectrum of biological activities, rendering them critical for both nutritional and pharmacological applications. Their enzymatic synthesis by glycosyltransferases is frequently constrained by the limited repertoire of characterized enzyme-catalyzed transformations. Here, we explore the glycosylation capabilities and substrate preferences of newly identified plant uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) within the UGT72 and UGT84 families, with particular focus on natural polyphenol glycosylation from UDP-glucose. Four UGTs are classified according to their phylogenetic relationships and reaction products, identifying them as biocatalysts for either glucoside (UGT72 enzymes) or glucose ester (UGT84 members) formation from selected phenylpropanoid compounds. Detailed kinetic evaluations expose the unique attributes of these enzymes, including their specific activities and regio-selectivities towards diverse polyphenolic substrates, with product characterizations validating the capacity of UGT84 family members to perform di-O-glycosylation on flavones. Sequence analysis coupled with structural predictions through AlphaFold reveal an unexpected absence of a conserved threonine residue across all four enzymes, a trait previously linked to pentosyltransferases. This comparative analysis broadens the understood substrate specificity range for UGT72 and UGT84 enzymes, enhancing our understanding of their utility in the production of natural phenolic glycosides. The findings from this in-depth characterization provide valuable insights into the functional versatility of UGT-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Annika J E Borg
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Leo Krammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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2
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Wang W, Wu L, Shi Y, Yin Q, Wang X, Wang M, Li X, Qiu S, Wan H, Zhang Y, Wang B, Xiang L, Gao R, Matinur Y. Integrated Full-Length Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal Glycosyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Flavonol Glycosides in Laportea bulbifera. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8269-8283. [PMID: 38557049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Many species of the Urticaceae family are important cultivated fiber plants that are known for their economic and industrial values. However, their secondary metabolite profiles and associated biosynthetic mechanisms have not been well-studied. Using Laportea bulbifera as a model, we conducted widely targeted metabolomics, which revealed 523 secondary metabolites, including a unique accumulation of flavonol glycosides in bulblet. Through full-length transcriptomic and RNA-seq analyses, the related genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were identified. Finally, weighted gene correlation network analysis and functional characterization revealed four LbUGTs, including LbUGT78AE1, LbUGT72CT1, LbUGT71BX1, and LbUGT71BX2, can catalyze the glycosylation of flavonol aglycones (kaempferol, myricetin, gossypetin, and quercetagetin) using UDP-Gal and UDP-Glu as the sugar donors. LbUGT78AE1 and LbUGT72CT1 showed substrate promiscuity, whereas LbUGT71BX1 and LbUGT71BX2 exhibited different substrate and sugar donor selectivity. These results provide a genetic resource for studying Laportea in the Urticaceae family, as well as key enzymes responsible for the metabolism of valuable flavonoid glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qinggang Yin
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huihua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi University Town, Dongqing South Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi University Town, Dongqing South Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Prescription Laboratory of Xinjiang Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urmuqi 830000, China
| | - Ranran Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yusup Matinur
- Prescription Laboratory of Xinjiang Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urmuqi 830000, China
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Ma YY, Wang JQ, Gao Y, Cao QQ, Wang F, Chen JX, Feng ZH, Yin JF, Xu YQ. Effect of the type of brewing water on the sensory and physicochemical properties of light-scented and strong-scented Tieguanyin oolong teas. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101099. [PMID: 38235347 PMCID: PMC10792187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Variations in the quality of brewing water profoundly impact tea flavor. This study systematically investigated the effects of four common water sources, including pure water (PW), mountain spring water (MSW), mineral water (MW) and natural water (NW) on the flavor of Tieguanyin tea infusion. Brewing with MW resulted in a flat taste and turbid aroma, mainly due to the low leaching of tea flavor components and complex interactions with mineral ions (mainly Ca2+, Mg2+). Tea infusions brewed with NW exhibited the highest relative contents of total volatile compounds, while those brewed with PW had the lowest. NW and MSW, with moderate mineralization, were conducive to improving the aroma quality of tea infusion and were more suitable for brewing both aroma types of Tieguanyin. These findings offer valuable insights into the effect of brewing water on the sensory and physicochemical properties of oolong teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Qing-Qing Cao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jian-Xin Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Feng
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yong-Quan Xu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Simoni S, Vangelisti A, Clemente C, Usai G, Santin M, Ventimiglia M, Mascagni F, Natali L, Angelini LG, Cavallini A, Tavarini S, Giordani T. Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Insights into the Shared Regulatory Network of Phenolic Compounds and Steviol Glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2136. [PMID: 38396813 PMCID: PMC10889303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a highly valuable crop for the steviol glycoside content in its leaves, which are no-calorie sweeteners hundreds of times more potent than sucrose. The presence of health-promoting phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, in the leaf of S. rebaudiana adds further nutritional value to this crop. Although all these secondary metabolites are highly desirable in S. rebaudiana leaves, the genes regulating the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and the shared gene network between the regulation of biosynthesis of steviol glycosides and phenolic compounds still need to be investigated in this species. To identify putative candidate genes involved in the synergistic regulation of steviol glycosides and phenolic compounds, four genotypes with different contents of these compounds were selected for a pairwise comparison RNA-seq analysis, yielding 1136 differentially expressed genes. Genes that highly correlate with both steviol glycosides and phenolic compound accumulation in the four genotypes of S. rebaudiana were identified using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The presence of UDP-glycosyltransferases 76G1, 76H1, 85C1, and 91A1, and several genes associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway, including peroxidase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, and malonyl-coenzyme A:anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonyltransferase, along with 21 transcription factors like SCL3, WRK11, and MYB111, implied an extensive and synergistic regulatory network involved in enhancing the production of such compounds in S. rebaudiana leaves. In conclusion, this work identified a variety of putative candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of particular steviol glycosides and phenolic compounds that will be useful in gene editing strategies for increasing and steering the production of such compounds in S. rebaudiana as well as in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Simoni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Clarissa Clemente
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Gabriele Usai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Maria Ventimiglia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Flavia Mascagni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Lucia Natali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Luciana G. Angelini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Silvia Tavarini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
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5
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Yang C, Tian F, Ma J, Chen M, Shi X, Chen D, Xie Y, Zhou X, Zhou Z, Dai X, Xia T, Gao L. Glycosylation of Secondary Metabolites: A Multifunctional UDP-Glycosyltransferase, CsUGT74Y1, Promotes the Growth of Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18999-19009. [PMID: 37997954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Camellia sinensis contains numerous glycosylated secondary metabolites that provide various benefits to plants and humans. However, the genes that catalyze the glycosylation of multitype metabolites in tea plants remain unclear. Here, 180 uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases that may be involved in the biosynthesis of glycosylated secondary metabolites were identified from the National Center for Biotechnology Information public databases. Subsequently, CsUGT74Y1 was screened through phylogenetic analysis and gene expression profiling. Compositional and induced expression analyses revealed that CsUGT74Y1 was highly expressed in tea tender shoots and was induced under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In vitro enzymatic assays revealed that rCsUGT74Y1 encoded a multifunctional UGT that catalyzed the glycosylation of flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignins, and auxins. Furthermore, CsUGT74Y1-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited enhanced growth and accumulation of flavonol and auxin glucosides. Our findings provide insights into identifying specific UGTs and demonstrate that CsUGT74Y1 is a multifunctional UGT that promotes plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Yang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Fengyun Tian
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Mei Chen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingxing Shi
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Dingli Chen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Youshudi Xie
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingrong Zhou
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinlong Dai
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. The Role of Anthocyanins in Plant Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2558. [PMID: 37447119 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salinity affect various biochemical and physiological processes in plants, inhibit plant growth, and significantly reduce productivity. The anthocyanin biosynthesis system represents one of the plant stress-tolerance mechanisms, activated by surplus reactive oxygen species. Anthocyanins act as ROS scavengers, protecting plants from oxidative damage and enhancing their sustainability. In this review, we focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanins in acquired tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Also, we discuss the role of abscisic acid and the abscisic-acid-miRNA156 regulatory node in the regulation of drought-induced anthocyanin production. Additionally, we summarise the available knowledge on transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and development of salt and drought tolerance. Finally, we discuss recent progress in the application of modern gene manipulation technologies in the development of anthocyanin-enriched plants with enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Snunit 51, Karmiel 2161002, Israel
| | - Stanislav V Isayenkov
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidi-Vyshneveckogo Str., 2a, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Hoffmann TD, Kurze E, Liao J, Hoffmann T, Song C, Schwab W. Genome-wide identification of UDP-glycosyltransferases in the tea plant ( Camellia sinensis) and their biochemical and physiological functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1191625. [PMID: 37346124 PMCID: PMC10279963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1191625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) has been an immensely important commercially grown crop for decades. This is due to the presence of essential nutrients and plant secondary metabolites that exhibit beneficial health effects. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play an important role in the diversity of such secondary metabolites by catalysing the transfer of an activated sugar donor to acceptor molecules, and thereby creating a huge variety of glycoconjugates. Only in recent years, thanks to the sequencing of the tea plant genome, have there been increased efforts to characterise the UGTs in C. sinensis to gain an understanding of their physiological role and biotechnological potential. Based on the conserved plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif and the catalytically active histidine in the active site, UGTs of family 1 in C. sinensis are identified here, and shown to cluster into 21 groups in a phylogenetic tree. Building on this, our current understanding of recently characterised C. sinensis UGTs (CsUGTs) is highlighted and a discussion on future perspectives made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jieren Liao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Lai J, Deng Y, Hao Y, Wang S, Yang J. The SlDOG1 Affect Biosynthesis of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids by Regulating GAME Expression in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043360. [PMID: 36834772 PMCID: PMC9960814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids (SAs) and steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are common constituents of plant species belonging to the Solanaceae family. However, the molecular mechanism regulating the formation of SAs and SGAs remains unknown. Here, genome-wide association mapping was used to elucidate SA and SGA regulation in tomatoes: a SlGAME5-like glycosyltransferase (Solyc10g085240) and the transcription factor SlDOG1 (Solyc10g085210) were significantly associated with steroidal alkaloid composition. In this study, it was found that rSlGAME5-like can catalyze a variety of substrates for glycosidation and can catalyze SA and flavonol pathways to form O-glucoside and O-galactoside in vitro. The overexpression of SlGAME5-like promoted α-tomatine, hydroxytomatine, and flavonol glycoside accumulation in tomatoes. Furthermore, assessments of natural variation combined with functional analyses identified SlDOG1 as a major determinant of tomato SGA content, which also promoted SA and SGA accumulation via the regulation of GAME gene expression. This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying SGA production in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Zhao
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yueran Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Lai
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yingchen Hao
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-898-66276381 (J.Y.)
| | - Jun Yang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-898-66276381 (J.Y.)
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Long T, Wang S, Yang J. Regulation Mechanism of Plant Pigments Biosynthesis: Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, and Betalains. Metabolites 2022; 12:871. [PMID: 36144275 PMCID: PMC9506007 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betalains are known as the three major pigments in the plant kingdom. Anthocyanins are flavonoids derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. They undergo acylation and glycosylation in the cytoplasm to produce anthocyanin derivatives and deposits in the cytoplasm. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is regulated by the MBW (comprised by R2R3-MYB, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and WD40) complex. Carotenoids are fat-soluble terpenoids whose synthetic genes also are regulated by the MBW complex. As precursors for the synthesis of hormones and nutrients, carotenoids are not only synthesized in plants, but also synthesized in some fungi and bacteria, and play an important role in photosynthesis. Betalains are special water-soluble pigments that exist only in Caryophyllaceae plants. Compared to anthocyanins and carotenoids, the synthesis and regulation mechanism of betalains is simpler, starting from tyrosine, and is only regulated by MYB (myeloblastosis). Recently, a considerable amount of novel information has been gathered on the regulation of plant pigment biosynthesis, specifically with respect to aspects. In this review, we summarize the knowledge and current gaps in our understanding with a view of highlighting opportunities for the development of pigment-rich plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Zhao
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yueran Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tuan Long
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Genome Wide Analysis of Family-1 UDP Glycosyltransferases in Populus trichocarpa Specifies Abiotic Stress Responsive Glycosylation Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091640. [PMID: 36140806 PMCID: PMC9498546 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Populus trichocarpa (Black cottonwood) is a dominant timber-yielding tree that has become a notable model plant for genome-level insights in forest trees. The efficient transport and solubility of various glycoside-associated compounds is linked to Family-1 UDP-glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.x; UGTs) enzymes. These glycosyltransferase enzymes play a vital role in diverse plant functions, such as regulation of hormonal homeostasis, growth and development (seed, flower, fiber, root, etc.), xenobiotic detoxification, stress response (salt, drought, and oxidative), and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of the P. trichocarpa genome that identified 191 putative UGTs distributed across all chromosomes (with the exception of chromosome 20) based on 44 conserved plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the 191 Populus UGTs together with 22 referenced UGTs from Arabidopsis and maize clustered the putative UGTs into 16 major groups (A–P). Whole-genome duplication events were the dominant pattern of duplication among UGTs in Populus. A well-conserved intron insertion was detected in most intron-containing UGTs across eight examined eudicots, including Populus. Most of the UGT genes were found preferentially expressed in leaf and root tissues in general. The regulation of putative UGT expression in response to drought, salt and heat stress was observed based on microarray and available RNA sequencing datasets. Up- and down-regulated UGT expression models were designed, based on transcripts per kilobase million values, confirmed their maximally varied expression under drought, salt and heat stresses. Co-expression networking of putative UGTs indicated their maximum co-expression with cytochrome P450 genes involved in triterpenoid biosynthesis. Our results provide an important resource for the identification of functional UGT genes to manipulate abiotic stress responsive glycosylation in Populus.
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Wang H, Feng X, Zhang Y, Wei D, Zhang Y, Jin Q, Cai Y. PbUGT72AJ2-Mediated Glycosylation Plays an Important Role in Lignin Formation and Stone Cell Development in Pears (Pyrus bretschneideri). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147893. [PMID: 35887241 PMCID: PMC9318811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is necessary for many processes of plant secondary metabolism. It can maintain plant homeostasis and is of great significance to normal plant growth and development. At present, the significance of glycosylation for lignin biosynthesis has been proven in some plants, but it has not yet been reported in pears. We used in situ hybridization, in vitro expression, substrate catalysis, transgenic Arabidopsisthaliana, and transient transformation of pear fruit in our investigation, which was predicated on the identification of a gene PbUGT72AJ2 that may be involved in lignin monolignol glycosylation according to our previous work. These results revealed that PbUGT72AJ2 transcripts were localized to some pulp cell walls, lignin deposition, and stone cell areas of pear fruit. The recombinant PbUGT72AJ2-pGEX4T-1 protein had activity against coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, and its catalytic efficiency against coniferyl alcohol was higher than that against sinapyl alcohol. When PbUGT72AJ2 was transferred into Arabidopsisthaliana mutants, it was found that some characteristics of Arabidopsisthalianaugt72e3 mutants were restored. In Arabidopsisthaliana, overexpression of PbUGT72AJ2 enhanced the contents of coniferin and syringin, whereas lignification did not change significantly. Transient transformation of pear fruit showed that when PbUGT72AJ2 in pear fruit was silenced by RNA interference, the content of lignin and stone cells in pear fruit increased, whereas the gene PbUGT72AJ2 was overexpressed in pear fruit, and there was almost no change in the pear fruit compared with the control. Lignin deposition in pear fruit was closely related to stone cell development. In this study, we proved that PbUGT72AJ2 plays an important role in lignin deposition and stone cell development in pear fruit, which provides a molecular biological basis for improving pear fruit quality at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.W.); (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Development & Utilization of Regional Characteristic Plants, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.W.); (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Development & Utilization of Regional Characteristic Plants, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.W.); (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Development & Utilization of Regional Characteristic Plants, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dongyi Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.W.); (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Development & Utilization of Regional Characteristic Plants, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.W.); (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Development & Utilization of Regional Characteristic Plants, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.W.); (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Development & Utilization of Regional Characteristic Plants, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.W.); (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Development & Utilization of Regional Characteristic Plants, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence:
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Behr M, Speeckaert N, Kurze E, Morel O, Prévost M, Mol A, Mahamadou Adamou N, Baragé M, Renaut J, Schwab W, El Jaziri M, Baucher M. Leaf necrosis resulting from downregulation of poplar glycosyltransferase UGT72A2. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1084-1099. [PMID: 34865151 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive species (RS) causing oxidative stress are unavoidable by-products of various plant metabolic processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration or photorespiration. In leaves, flavonoids scavenge RS produced during photosynthesis and protect plant cells against deleterious oxidative damages. Their biosynthesis and accumulation are therefore under tight regulation at the cellular level. Glycosylation has emerged as an essential biochemical reaction in the homeostasis of various specialized metabolites such as flavonoids. This article provides a functional characterization of the Populus tremula x P. alba (poplar) UGT72A2 coding for a UDP-glycosyltransferase that is localized in the chloroplasts. Compared with the wild type, transgenic poplar lines with decreased expression of UGT72A2 are characterized by reduced growth and oxidative damages in leaves, as evidenced by necrosis, higher content of glutathione and lipid peroxidation products as well as diminished soluble peroxidase activity and NADPH to NADP+ ratio under standard growing conditions. They furthermore display lower pools of phenolics, anthocyanins and total flavonoids but higher proanthocyanidins content. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of cis-elements involved in photomorphogenesis, chloroplast biogenesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. The UGT72A2 is regulated by the poplar MYB119, a transcription factor known to regulate the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular docking suggest that UGT72A2 could glycosylate flavonoids; however, the actual substrate(s) was not consistently evidenced with either in vitro assays nor analyses of glycosylated products in leaves of transgenic poplar overexpressing or downregulated for UGT72A2. This article provides elements highlighting the importance of flavonoid glycosylation regarding protection against oxidative stress in poplar leaves and raises new questions about the link between this biochemical reaction and regulation of the redox homeostasis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Behr
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Nathanael Speeckaert
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oriane Morel
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Martine Prévost
- Unité de recherche Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adeline Mol
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Nassirou Mahamadou Adamou
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale et Amélioration des Plantes (LABAP), Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - Moussa Baragé
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale et Amélioration des Plantes (LABAP), Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mondher El Jaziri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Marie Baucher
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
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UGT72, a Major Glycosyltransferase Family for Flavonoid and Monolignol Homeostasis in Plants. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030441. [PMID: 35336815 PMCID: PMC8945231 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Phenylpropanoids are specialized metabolites playing crucial roles in plant developmental processes and in plant defense towards pathogens. The attachment of sugar moieties to these small hydrophobic molecules renders them more hydrophilic and increases their solubility. The UDP-glycosyltransferase 72 family (UGT72) of plants has been shown to glycosylate mainly two classes of phenylpropanoids, (i) the monolignols that are the building blocks of lignin, the second most abundant polymer after cellulose, and (ii) the flavonoids, which play determinant roles in plant interactions with other organisms and in response to stress. The purpose of this review is to bring an overview of the current knowledge of the UGT72 family and to highlight its role in the homeostasis of these molecules. Potential applications in pharmacology and in wood, paper pulp, and bioethanol production are given within the perspectives. Abstract Plants have developed the capacity to produce a diversified range of specialized metabolites. The glycosylation of those metabolites potentially decreases their toxicity while increasing their stability and their solubility, modifying their transport and their storage. The UGT, forming the largest glycosyltransferase superfamily in plants, combine enzymes that glycosylate mainly hormones and phenylpropanoids by using UDP-sugar as a sugar donor. Particularly, members of the UGT72 family have been shown to glycosylate the monolignols and the flavonoids, thereby being involved in their homeostasis. First, we explore primitive UGTs in algae and liverworts that are related to the angiosperm UGT72 family and their role in flavonoid homeostasis. Second, we describe the role of several UGT72s glycosylating monolignols, some of which have been associated with lignification. In addition, the role of other UGT72 members that glycosylate flavonoids and are involved in the development and/or stress response is depicted. Finally, the importance to explore the subcellular localization of UGTs to study their roles in planta is discussed.
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Dai X, Shi X, Yang C, Zhao X, Zhuang J, Liu Y, Gao L, Xia T. Two UDP-Glycosyltransferases Catalyze the Biosynthesis of Bitter Flavonoid 7- O-Neohesperidoside through Sequential Glycosylation in Tea Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2354-2365. [PMID: 35133826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides are typical bitter and astringent tasting compounds that contribute to the taste of tea beverages. However, the genes that contribute to the biosynthesis of bitter compounds (e.g., flavanone 7-O-neohesperidoside) in tea plants have yet to be identified. In this study, we identified 194 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) from the tea transcriptome database. Among them, two genes, CsUGT75L12 and CsUGT79B28, encoding flavonoid 7-O-glycosyltransferase and 7-O-glucoside(1→2)rhamnosyltransferase, respectively, were identified from Camellia sinensis. In vitro, the purified recombinant enzyme rCsUGT75L12 specifically transports the glucose unit from UDP-glucose to the 7-OH position of the flavonoid to produce the respective 7-O-glucoside. rCsUGT79B28 regiospecifically transfers a rhamnose unit from UDP-rhamnose to the 2″-OH position of flavonoid 7-O-glucosides to produce flavonoid 7-O-di-glycosides. Additionally, the expression profiles of the two CsUGTs were correlated with the accumulation patterns of 7-O-glucoside and 7-O-neohesperidoside, respectively, in tea plants. These results indicated that the two CsUGTs are involved in the biosynthesis of bitter flavonoid 7-O-neohesperidoside through the sequential glucosylation and rhamnosylation of flavonoids in C. sinensis. Taken together, our findings provided not only molecular insights into flavonoid di-glycoside metabolism in tea plants but also crucial molecular markers for controlling the bitterness and astringent taste of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Dai
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingxing Shi
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changli Yang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Juhua Zhuang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
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15
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He X, Huang R, Liu L, Li Y, Wang W, Xu Q, Yu Y, Zhou T. CsUGT78A15 catalyzes the anthocyanidin 3-O-galactoside biosynthesis in tea plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:738-749. [PMID: 34217130 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of natural water-soluble pigments in plants that contribute to the pink-purple color of a range of tissues. Because anthocyanins have various biological activities in human health, there is great research interest in the development of anthocyanin-rich foods and beverages, including purple shoot tea. Anthocyanidin 3-O-galactosides have been identified as one of the main anthocyanin components in purple shoot tea, but the enzyme responsible for their biosynthesis remains unclear. UDP-galactose anthocyanidin 3-O-galactosyltransferase (UA3GalT) is presumed to catalyze the galactosylation of anthocyanidin. Therefore, we assayed the UA3GalT activity in five tea samples with varying degrees of purple color and found that its activity was strongly positively correlated (r = 0.929, p < 0.05) with anthocyanin content. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment suggested that CsUGT78A15 encoded a UA3GalT enzyme. Enzymatic assays indicated that rCsUGT78A15 could catalyze the synthesis of cyanidin 3-O-galactoside and delphinidin 3-O-galactoside using UDP-galactose as a sugar donor, and it showed higher catalytic efficiency towards delphinidin than cyanidin. These results indicate that CsUGT78A15 acts as a UA3GalT in vitro. Subcellular localization showed that CsUGT78A15 was located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nucleus, consistent with the location of anthocyanin synthesis. Transient overexpression of CsUGT78A15 in the fruit of mature 'Granny Smith' apples showed that the upregulation of CsUGT78A15 promoted cyanidin 3-O-galactoside accumulation in apple skins. These results suggested that CsUGT78A15 could catalyze galactosylation of anthocyanidins in planta. Our findings provide insight into the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiu He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ronghao Huang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lipeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingshan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianshan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Accumulation pattern of catechins and flavonol glycosides in different varieties and cultivars of tea plant in China. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Sun J, Yang X, Shen H, Xu Y, Zhang A, Gan J. Uptake and metabolism of nonylphenol in plants: Isomer selectivity involved with direct conjugation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116064. [PMID: 33248833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP), an environmental estrogen, is actually a complicated mixture of isomers, although it is commonly considered to be a single compound. There are many routes for crops to come into contact with NP; however, little is known about the plant uptake and metabolism of NP, especially at the isomer level. This study comparatively evaluated the uptake and in-planta metabolism of 4-n-NP and its 10 isomers using both carrot cells and intact plants. The rapid metabolism of 4-n-NP was observed in the callus tissues and intact plants with half-lives of 2 h and 4.72 d, respectively. Six conjugates of 4-n-NP were identified in the cell extracts using high resolution mass spectrometry. The primary transformation pathway was found to be the direct conjugation (Phase II metabolism) with the parent compound at the hydroxyl. Furthermore, 4-NP isomers with short side chains and/or bulky α-substituents were more resistant to plant metabolism and showed a greater tendency for accumulation. The influence of the side chains to the isomer selectivity was verified by the molecular docking between glycosyltransferase and 4-NP isomers. This study highlighted the necessity to consider isomer-specificity in the plant accumulation of NP and the environmental and human health implications of NP conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xindong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hong Shen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
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18
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Zhu J, Xu Q, Zhao S, Xia X, Yan X, An Y, Mi X, Guo L, Samarina L, Wei C. Comprehensive co-expression analysis provides novel insights into temporal variation of flavonoids in fresh leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110306. [PMID: 31779914 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the major class of characteristic secondary compounds in Camellia sinensis that affect quality of tea. However, the temporal variation and the underlying regulatory mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis during different growth months require a further investigation. Here, we combined analyses of the metabolomics and transcriptomics to tea leaves freshly collected during five different months for a comprehensive understanding of flavonoid metabolism regulation in tea plants. Through loading plot analysis, significant changes in the contents of metabolites during growing months were discovered, and further co-expression and association analysis indicated that one flavone glycoside (naringenin-7-O-glucoside) and two flavonol glycosides (quercetin-3-O-galactoside and kaemferol-3-O-(6″-O-p-courmaroyl)-glucoside) were evaluated as growth markers, which may explain the high bitterness and astringency of August teas; additionally, the high levels of two flavan-3-ols (gallocatechin and catechin gallate) may contribute to the flavor formation of April tea. Meanwhile, multiple flavonoid-related structural genes, MYB and bHLH transcription factors exhibit specific expression patterns to modulate the biosynthesis of these key flavonoids. A co-expression regulatory sub-network was constructed based on profiles of differentially expressed genes; one CsbHLH and six transcription factors (three CsbHLHs and three CsMYBs) exhibited negative and positive roles in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic genes, respectively. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the regulation of principle flavonoids for unique flavor of tea regulated by many flavonoid-related structural genes and transcription factors during different growth months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036 Anhui, China
| | - Qingshan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036 Anhui, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036 Anhui, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036 Anhui, China
| | - Yanlin An
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036 Anhui, China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036 Anhui, China
| | - Lingxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036 Anhui, China
| | - Lidiia Samarina
- Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 354002 Yana Fabritsiusa st. 2/28, Sochi, Russian Federation
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036 Anhui, China.
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19
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Zhang L, Gao Y, Liu X, Guo F, Ma C, Liang J, Feng X, Li C. Mining of Sucrose Synthases from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Their Application in the Construction of an Efficient UDP-Recycling System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11694-11702. [PMID: 31558015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SUS) plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism in plants. The SUS genes in licorice remain unknown. To reveal the sucrose metabolic pathway in licorice, all the 12 putative SUS genes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were systematically identified by genome mining, and two novel SUSs (GuSUS1 and GuSUS2) were isolated and characterized for the first time. Furthermore, we found that the flexible N-terminus was responsible for the low stability of plant SUSs, and deletion of redundant N-terminus improved the stability of GuSUS1 and GuSUS2. The half-life of both GuSUS1 and GuSUS2 mutants was increased by 2-fold. Finally, the GuSUS1 mutant was coupled with UGT73C11 for the glycosylation of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) with uridine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt hydrate (UDP) in situ recycling, and GA conversion was increased by 7-fold. Our study not only identified the SUS genes in licorice but also provided a stable SUS mutant for the construction of an efficient UDP-recycling system for GA glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Fang Guo
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Congxuan Ma
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Jianhua Liang
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
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20
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Sun G, Strebl M, Merz M, Blamberg R, Huang FC, McGraphery K, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Glucosylation of the phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine modulates the levels of pathogen-responsive metabolites in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:20-37. [PMID: 31124249 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme promiscuity, a common property of many uridine diphosphate sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that convert small molecules, significantly hinders the identification of natural substrates and therefore the characterization of the physiological role of enzymes. In this paper we present a simple but effective strategy to identify endogenous substrates of plant UGTs using LC-MS-guided targeted glycoside analysis of transgenic plants. We successfully identified natural substrates of two promiscuous Nicotiana benthamiana UGTs (NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25), orthologues of pathogen-induced tobacco UGT (TOGT) from Nicotiana tabacum, which is involved in the hypersensitive reaction. While in N. tabacum, TOGT glucosylated scopoletin after treatment with salicylate, fungal elicitors and the tobacco mosaic virus, NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25 produced glucosides of phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine, which may strengthen cell walls to prevent the intrusion of pathogens, and flavonols after agroinfiltration of the corresponding genes in N. benthamiana. Enzymatic glucosylation of fractions of a physiological aglycone library confirmed the biological substrates of UGTs. In addition, overexpression of both genes in N. benthamiana produced clear lesions on the leaves and led to a significantly reduced content of pathogen-induced plant metabolites such as phenylalanine and tryptophan. Our results revealed some additional biological functions of TOGT enzymes and indicated a multifunctional role of UGTs in plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Sun
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Strebl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Robert Blamberg
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Fong-Chin Huang
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
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21
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Chen PC, Zhang H, Zheng P. Direct biodegradation of eugenol to coniferyl aldehyde and other higher value-added products by Gibberella fujikuroi ZH-34. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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22
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Cheng X, Muhammad A, Li G, Zhang J, Cheng J, Qiu J, Jiang T, Jin Q, Cai Y, Lin Y. Family-1 UDP glycosyltransferases in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri): Molecular identification, phylogenomic characterization and expression profiling during stone cell formation. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2153-2175. [PMID: 30734172 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stone cells are a characteristic trait of pear fruits, and excessive stone cell formation has a significant negative impact on the texture and flavour of the pulp. Lignin is one of the main components of stone cells. Family-1 uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are responsible for the glycosylation modification of monolignols. However, information remains limited regarding the relationship between UGTs and stone cell formation. To address this problem, we identified 139 UGTs from the pear genome, which were distributed in 15 phylogenetic groups (A-M, O, and P). We also performed a collinearity analysis of UGTs among four Rosaceae plants (pear, peach, mei, and strawberry). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that 13 PbUGTs might be related to the glycosylation of monolignols. Analysis of expression patterns demonstrated that most putative monolignol glycosylation-related PbUGTs not only showed high expression levels in flowers and buds but were also induced by exogenous ABA, SA, and MeJA. In addition, the transcript level of Pbr005014.1 (named PbUGT72AJ2) was consistent with the changing trend of lignin content in pear fruit, and the transcript level was also higher in 'Dangshan Su' pear with higher lignin and stone cell contents. Subcellular localization results showed that PbUGT72AJ2 was located mainly in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm. Based on our study, PbUGT72AJ2 is considered to be a monolignol glycosylation-related UGT. Our results provide an important source for the identification of UGTs and a foundation for the future understanding and manipulation of lignin metabolism and stone cell formation in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Abdullah Muhammad
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guohui Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- Horticultural Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jingxiang Qiu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Taoshan Jiang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qing Jin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
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23
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Wang X, Li C, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. Identification of Three (Iso)flavonoid Glucosyltransferases From Pueraria lobata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:28. [PMID: 30761172 PMCID: PMC6362427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
(Iso)flavonoids are one of the largest groups of natural phenolic products conferring great value to the health of plants and humans. Pueraria lobata, a legume, has long been used in Chinese traditional medicine. (Iso)flavonoids mainly present as glycosyl-conjugates and accumulate in P. lobata roots. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the glycosylation processes in (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis are not fully understood. In the current study, three novel UDP-glycosyltransferases (PlUGT4, PlUGT15, and PlUGT57) were identified in P. lobata from RNA-seq data. Biochemical assays of these three recombinant PlUGTs showed all of them were able to glycosylate isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) at the 7-hydroxyl position in vitro. In comparison with the strict substrate specificity for PlUGT15 and PlUGT57, PlUGT4 displayed utilization of a broad range of sugar acceptors. Particularly, PlUGT15 exhibited a much higher catalytic efficiency toward isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) than any other identified 7-O-UGT from P. lobata. Moreover, the transcriptional expression patterns of these PlUGTs correlated with the accumulation of isoflavone glucosides in MeJA-treated P. lobata, suggesting their possible in vivo roles in the glycosylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Changfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yansheng Zhang,
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24
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Wu LY, Fang ZT, Lin JK, Sun Y, Du ZZ, Guo YL, Liu JH, Liang YR, Ye JH. Complementary iTRAQ Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Leaves in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis L.) with Different Maturity and Regulatory Network of Flavonoid Biosynthesis. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:252-264. [PMID: 30427694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The quality of tea is highly related with the maturity of the fresh tea leaves at harvest. The present study investigated the proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of tea leaves with different maturity, using iTRAQ and RNA-seq technologies. A total of 4455 proteins and 27 930 unigenes were identified, with functional enrichment analyses of GO categorization and KEGG annotation. The compositions of flavonoids (catechins and flavonols) in tea leaves were determined. The total content of flavonoids decreased with leaf maturity, in accordance with the protein regulation patterns of shikimate, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid pathways. The abundance of ANR had a positive correlation with epi-catechin content, while LAR abundance was positively related with catechin content ( P < 0.05). The biosynthetic network of flavonoid biosynthesis was discussed in combination with photosynthesis, primary metabolism, and transcription factors. Bud had the lowest activities of photosynthesis and carbon fixation but the highest flavonoid biosynthesis ability in opposite to mature leaf. SUS-INV switch might be an important joint for carbon flow shifting into the follow-up biochemical syntheses. This work provided a comprehensive overview on the functional protein profile changes of tea leaves at different growing stages and also proposed a research direction regarding the correlations between primary metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Wu
- College of Horticulture , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , 15 Shangxiadian Road , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Zhou-Tao Fang
- Tea Research Institute , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310013 , China
| | - Jin-Ke Lin
- Anxi College of Tea Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , 15 Shangxiadian Road , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Horticulture , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , 15 Shangxiadian Road , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Zhi-Zheng Du
- College of Horticulture , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , 15 Shangxiadian Road , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Ya-Ling Guo
- College of Horticulture , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , 15 Shangxiadian Road , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Jiang-Hong Liu
- College of Horticulture , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , 15 Shangxiadian Road , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310013 , China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310013 , China
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25
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Sun M, Zhang C, Lu M, Gan N, Chen Z, Deng WW, Zhang ZZ. Metabolic Flux Enhancement and Transcriptomic Analysis Displayed the Changes of Catechins Following Long-Term Pruning in Tea Trees ( Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8566-8573. [PMID: 30021435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The tea tree is a perennial woody plant, and pruning is one of the most crucial cultivation measurements for tea plantation management. To date, the relationship between long-term pruning and metabolic flux enhancement in tea trees has not been studied. In this research, 11-year-old pruned tea trees from four different cultivars were randomly selected for transcriptome analysis and characteristic secondary metabolite analysis together with controls. The findings revealed that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) accumulation in pruned tea trees was significantly higher than that in unpruned tea trees. SCPL1A expression (encoding a class of serine carboxypeptidase), which has been reported to have a catalytic ability during EGCG biosynthesis, together with LAR, encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase, was upregulated in the pruned tea trees. Moreover, metabolic flux enhancement and transcriptome analysis revealed low EGCG accumulation in the leaves of unpruned tea trees. Because of the bitter and astringent taste of EGCG, these results provide a certain understanding to the lower bitterness and astringency in teas from "ancient tea trees", growing in the wild with no trimming, than teas produced from pruned plantation trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chengren Zhang
- Tea Science Academy , Yunnan Dianhong Group Company, Limited , Lincang , Yunnan 675900 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zichang Chen
- Tea Science Academy , Yunnan Dianhong Group Company, Limited , Lincang , Yunnan 675900 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Zhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
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