1
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Song S, Yuan J, Fang G, Li Y, Ding S, Wang Y, Wang Q. BRD4 as a therapeutic target for atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176714. [PMID: 38849043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which BRD4 play a role in atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS We used a discovery-driven approach to detect BRD4 expression in the atria of patients with AF and in various murine models of atrial fibrosis. We used a BRD4 inhibitor (JQ1) and atrial fibroblast (aFB)-specific BRD4-knockout mice to elucidate the role of BRD4 in AF. We further examined the underlying mechanisms using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses in vitro, to identify key downstream targets of BRD4. We found that BRD4 expression is significantly increased in patients with AF, with accompanying atrial fibrosis and aFB differentiation. We showed that JQ1 treatment and shRNA-based molecular silencing of BRD4 blocked ANG-II-induced extracellular matrix production and cell-cycle progression in aFBs. BRD4-related RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses in aFBs demonstrated enrichment of a subset of promoters related to the expression of profibrotic and proliferation-related genes. The pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 in vivo or in aFB-specific BRD4-knockout in mice limited ANG-II-induced atrial fibrosis, atrial enlargement, and AF susceptibility. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BRD4 plays a key role in pathological AF, at least partially by activating aFB proliferation and ECM synthesis. This study provides mechanistic insights into the development of BRD4 inhibitors as targeted antiarrhythmic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guojian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shiao Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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2
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Hirst DJ, Bamborough P, Al-Mahdi N, Angell DC, Barnett HA, Baxter A, Bit RA, Brown JA, Chung CW, Craggs PD, Davis RP, Demont EH, Ferrie A, Gordon LJ, Harada I, Ho TCT, Holyer ID, Hooper-Greenhill E, Jones KL, Lindon MJ, Lovatt C, Lugo D, Maller C, McGonagle G, Messenger C, Mitchell DJ, Pascoe DD, Patel VK, Patten C, Poole DL, Shah RR, Rioja I, Stafford KAJ, Tape D, Taylor S, Theodoulou NH, Tomlinson L, Wall ID, Wellaway CR, White G, Prinjha RK, Humphreys PG. Structure- and Property-Based Optimization of Efficient Pan-Bromodomain and Extra Terminal Inhibitors to Identify Oral and Intravenous Candidate I-BET787. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10464-10489. [PMID: 38866424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) family of bromodomain-containing proteins are important epigenetic regulators that elicit their effect through binding histone tail N-acetyl lysine (KAc) post-translational modifications. Recognition of such markers has been implicated in a range of oncology and immune diseases and, as such, small-molecule inhibition of the BET family bromodomain-KAc protein-protein interaction has received significant interest as a therapeutic strategy, with several potential medicines under clinical evaluation. This work describes the structure- and property-based optimization of a ligand and lipophilic efficient pan-BET bromodomain inhibitor series to deliver candidate I-BET787 (70) that demonstrates efficacy in a mouse model of inflammation and suitable properties for both oral and intravenous (IV) administration. This focused two-phase explore-exploit medicinal chemistry effort delivered the candidate molecule in 3 months with less than 100 final compounds synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hirst
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Bamborough
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Niam Al-Mahdi
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Davina C Angell
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Heather A Barnett
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Andrew Baxter
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rino A Bit
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jack A Brown
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter D Craggs
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Robert P Davis
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emmanuel H Demont
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Alan Ferrie
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laurie J Gordon
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Isobel Harada
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Tim C T Ho
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian D Holyer
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Katherine L Jones
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Matthew J Lindon
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Cerys Lovatt
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - David Lugo
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Claire Maller
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Grant McGonagle
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Cassie Messenger
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Darren J Mitchell
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - David D Pascoe
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Darren L Poole
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rishi R Shah
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Daniel Tape
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Simon Taylor
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Laura Tomlinson
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian D Wall
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Gemma White
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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3
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Majirská M, Pilátová MB, Kudličková Z, Vojtek M, Diniz C. Targeting hematological malignancies with isoxazole derivatives. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104059. [PMID: 38871112 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Compounds with a heterocyclic isoxazole ring are well known for their diverse biologic activities encompassing antimicrobial, antipsychotic, immunosuppressive, antidiabetic and anticancer effects. Recent studies on hematological malignancies have also shown that some of the isoxazole-derived compounds feature encouraging cancer selectivity, low toxicity to normal cells and ability to overcome cancer drug resistance of conventional treatments. These characteristics are particularly promising because patients with hematological malignancies face poor clinical outcomes caused by cancer drug resistance or relapse of the disease. This review summarizes the knowledge on isoxazole-derived compounds toward hematological malignancies and provides clues on their mechanism(s) of action (apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ROS production) and putative pharmacological targets (c-Myc, BET, ATR, FLT3, HSP90, CARM1, tubulin, PD-1/PD-L1, HDACs) wherever known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majirská
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Bago Pilátová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Kudličková
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Vojtek
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Yan Z, Wei D, Li X, Chung LW. Accelerating reliable multiscale quantum refinement of protein-drug systems enabled by machine learning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4181. [PMID: 38755151 PMCID: PMC11099068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomacromolecule structures are essential for drug development and biocatalysis. Quantum refinement (QR) methods, which employ reliable quantum mechanics (QM) methods in crystallographic refinement, showed promise in improving the structural quality or even correcting the structure of biomacromolecules. However, vast computational costs and complex quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) setups limit QR applications. Here we incorporate robust machine learning potentials (MLPs) in multiscale ONIOM(QM:MM) schemes to describe the core parts (e.g., drugs/inhibitors), replacing the expensive QM method. Additionally, two levels of MLPs are combined for the first time to overcome MLP limitations. Our unique MLPs+ONIOM-based QR methods achieve QM-level accuracy with significantly higher efficiency. Furthermore, our refinements provide computational evidence for the existence of bonded and nonbonded forms of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug nirmatrelvir in one SARS-CoV-2 main protease structure. This study highlights that powerful MLPs accelerate QRs for reliable protein-drug complexes, promote broader QR applications and provide more atomistic insights into drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyin Yan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dacong Wei
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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5
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Yang J, Yu YC, Wang ZX, Li QQ, Ding N, Leng XJ, Cai J, Zhang MY, Wang JJ, Zhou Y, Wei TH, Xue X, Dai WC, Sun SL, Yang Y, Li NG, Shi ZH. Research strategies of small molecules as chemotherapeutics to overcome multiple myeloma resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116435. [PMID: 38648728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of plasma cells, is the second most common hematological malignancy which is characterized by aberrant plasma cells infiltration in the bone marrow and complex heterogeneous cytogenetic abnormalities. Over the past two decades, novel treatment strategies such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies have significantly improved the relative survival rate of MM patients. However, the development of drug resistance results in the majority of MM patients suffering from relapse, limited treatment options and uncontrolled disease progression after relapse. There are urgent needs to develop and explore novel MM treatment strategies to overcome drug resistance and improve efficacy. Here, we review the recent small molecule therapeutic strategies for MM, and introduce potential new targets and corresponding modulators in detail. In addition, this paper also summarizes the progress of multi-target inhibitor therapy and protein degradation technology in the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Tian-Hua Wei
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Wei-Chen Dai
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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6
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Li S, Zhang L, Wang L, Ji J, He J, Zheng X, Cao L, Li K. BiMPADR: A Deep Learning Framework for Predicting Adverse Drug Reactions in New Drugs. Molecules 2024; 29:1784. [PMID: 38675604 PMCID: PMC11051887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Detecting the unintended adverse reactions of drugs (ADRs) is a crucial concern in pharmacological research. The experimental validation of drug-ADR associations often entails expensive and time-consuming investigations. Thus, a computational model to predict ADRs from known associations is essential for enhanced efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Here, we propose BiMPADR, a novel model that integrates drug gene expression into adverse reaction features using a message passing neural network on a bipartite graph of drugs and adverse reactions, leveraging publicly available data. By combining the computed adverse reaction features with the structural fingerprints of drugs, we predict the association between drugs and adverse reactions. Our models obtained high AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) values ranging from 0.861 to 0.907 in an external drug validation dataset under differential experiment conditions. The case study on multiple BET inhibitors also demonstrated the high accuracy of our predictions, and our model's exploration of potential adverse reactions for HWD-870 has contributed to its research and development for market approval. In summary, our method would provide a promising tool for ADR prediction and drug safety assessment in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.L.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.L.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (X.Z.)
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7
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Su K, Vázquez O. Enlightening epigenetics: optochemical tools illuminate the path. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:290-304. [PMID: 38350805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Optochemical tools have become potent instruments for understanding biological processes at the molecular level, and the past decade has witnessed their use in epigenetics and epitranscriptomics (also known as RNA epigenetics) for deciphering gene expression regulation. By using photoresponsive molecules such as photoswitches and photocages, researchers can achieve precise control over when and where specific events occur. Therefore, these are invaluable for studying both histone and nucleotide modifications and exploring disease-related mechanisms. We systematically report and assess current examples in the field, and identify open challenges and future directions. These outstanding proof-of-concept investigations will inspire other chemical biologists to participate in these emerging fields given the potential of photochromic molecules in research and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg D-35043, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg D-35043, Germany; Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University of Marburg, Marburg D-35043, Germany.
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8
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Stein EM, Fathi AT, Harb WA, Colak G, Fusco A, Mangan JK. Results from phase 1 of the MANIFEST clinical trial to evaluate the safety and tolerability of pelabresib in patients with myeloid malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:503-510. [PMID: 38259250 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2300710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Pelabresib (CPI-0610), a BET protein inhibitor, is in clinical development for hematologic malignancies, given its ability to target NF-κB gene expression. The MANIFEST phase 1 study assessed pelabresib in patients with acute leukemia, high-risk myelodysplastic (MDS) syndrome, or MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPNs) (NCT02158858). Forty-four patients received pelabresib orally once daily (QD) at various doses (24-400 mg capsule or 225-275 mg tablet) on cycles of 14 d on and 7 d off. The most frequent drug-related adverse events were nausea, decreased appetite, and fatigue. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 225 mg tablet QD. One patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) showed partial remission. In total, 25.8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and 38.5% of high-risk MDS patients had stable disease. One AML patient and one CMML patient showed peripheral hematologic response. The favorable safety profile supports the ongoing pivotal study of pelabresib in patients with myelofibrosis using the recommended phase 2 dose of 125 mg tablet QD.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02158858.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan M Stein
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amir T Fathi
- Leukemia Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wael A Harb
- Horizon Oncology and Research Center, Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gozde Colak
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a MorphoSys Company, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Fusco
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a MorphoSys Company, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James K Mangan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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9
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Shukla S, Li D, Nguyen H, Conner J, Bayshtok G, Cho WH, Pachai M, Teri N, Campeau E, Attwell S, Trojer P, Ostrovnaya I, Gopalan A, Corey E, Chi P, Chen Y. BET inhibitors as a therapeutic intervention in gastrointestinal gene signature-positive castration-resistant prostate cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.09.584256. [PMID: 38559135 PMCID: PMC10979872 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.09.584256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A subgroup of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) aberrantly expresses a gastrointestinal (GI) transcriptome governed by two GI-lineage-restricted transcription factors, HNF1A and HNF4G. In this study, we found that expression of GI transcriptome in CRPC correlates with adverse clinical outcomes to androgen receptor signaling inhibitor treatment and shorter overall survival. Bromo- and extra-terminal domain inhibitors (BETi) downregulated HNF1A, HNF4G, and the GI transcriptome in multiple CRPC models, including cell lines, patient-derived organoids, and patient-derived xenografts, while AR and the androgen-dependent transcriptome were largely spared. Accordingly, BETi selectively inhibited growth of GI transcriptome-positive preclinical models of prostate cancer. Mechanistically, BETi inhibited BRD4 binding at enhancers globally, including both AR and HNF4G bound enhancers while gene expression was selectively perturbed. Restoration of HNF4G expression in the presence of BETi rescued target gene expression without rescuing BRD4 binding. This suggests that inhibition of master transcription factors expression underlies the selective transcriptional effects of BETi. SIGNIFICANCE GI transcriptome expression in CRPC is regulated by the HNF1A-HNF4G-BRD4 axis and correlates with worse clinical outcomes. Accordingly, BET inhibitors significantly reduce tumor cell growth in multiple GI-transcriptome-positive preclinical models of CRPC. Our studies point that expression of GI transcriptome could serve as a predictive biomarker to BETi therapy response.
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10
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Li Y, Shen Z, Ratia K, Zhao J, Huang F, Dubrovyskyii O, Indukuri D, Fu J, Lozano Ramos O, Thatcher GRJ, Xiong R. Structure-Guided Design and Synthesis of Pyridinone-Based Selective Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain (BET)-First Bromodomain (BD1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2712-2731. [PMID: 38295759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers, regulating transcription via two highly homologous tandem bromodomains, BD1 and BD2. Clinical development of nonselective pan-BD BET inhibitors has been challenging, partly due to dose-limiting side effects such as thrombocytopenia. This has prompted the push for domain-selective BET inhibitors to achieve a more favorable therapeutic window. We report a structure-guided drug design campaign that led to the development of a potent BD1-selective BET inhibitor, 33 (XL-126), with a Kd of 8.9 nM and 185-fold BD1/BD2 selectivity. The high selectivity was first assayed by SPR, validated by a secondary time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer assay, and further corroborated by BROMOscan (∼57-373 fold selectivity). The cocrystal of 33 with BRD4 BD1 and BD2 demonstrates the source of selectivity: repulsion with His437 and lost binding with the leucine clamp. Notably, the BD1 selectivity of BET inhibitor 33 leads to both the preservation of platelets and potent anti-inflammatory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Li
- UICentre (Drug Discovery@UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- UICentre (Drug Discovery@UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Kiira Ratia
- UICentre (Drug Discovery@UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Fei Huang
- UICentre (Drug Discovery@UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Oleksii Dubrovyskyii
- UICentre (Drug Discovery@UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Divakar Indukuri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jiqiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Omar Lozano Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- UICentre (Drug Discovery@UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rui Xiong
- UICentre (Drug Discovery@UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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11
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Chen X, Wu T, Du Z, Kang W, Xu R, Meng F, Liu C, Chen Y, Bao Q, Shen J, You Q, Cao D, Jiang Z, Guo X. Discovery of a brain-permeable bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) inhibitor with selectivity for BD1 for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116080. [PMID: 38142510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease and lacks effective therapeutic agents. Dysregulation of transcription mediated by bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins containing two different bromodomains (BD1 and BD2) is an important factor in multiple diseases, including MS. Herein, we identified a series of BD1-biased inhibitors, in which compound 16 showed nanomolar potency for BD1 (Kd = 230 nM) and a 60-fold selectivity for BRD4 BD1 over BD2. The co-crystal structure of BRD4 BD1 with 16 indicated that the hydrogen bond interaction of 16 with BD1-specific Asp145 is important for BD1 selectivity. 16 showed favorable brain distribution in mice and PK properties in rats. 16 was able to inhibit microglia activation and had significant therapeutic effects on EAE mice including improvement of spinal cord inflammatory conditions and demyelination protection. Overall, these results suggest that brain-permeable BD1 inhibitors have the potential to be further investigated as therapeutic agents for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Chen
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhiyan Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Kang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rujun Xu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fanying Meng
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chihong Liu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qichao Bao
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingkang Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Danyan Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiaoke Guo
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Jiang W, Hou Q, Xu H, Yang K, Wang X, Zhang K, Zeng Y, Li W, Wang B, Luo G, Zhao X, Shen H, Xu Y, Wu X. Discovery of Novel Phenoxyaryl Pyridones as Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain (BET) Inhibitors with High Selectivity for the Second Bromodomain (BD2) to Potentially Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1513-1532. [PMID: 38175809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Bromodomain-selective BET inhibition has emerged as a promising strategy to improve the safety profiles of pan-BET inhibitors. Herein, we report the discovery of potent phenoxyaryl pyridones as highly BD2-selective BET inhibitors. Compound 23 (IC50 = 2.9 nM) exhibited a comparable BRD4 BD2 inhibitory activity relative to 10 (IC50 = 1.0 nM) and remarkably improved selectivity over BRD4 BD1 (23: 2583-fold; 10: 344-fold). This lead compound significantly inhibited the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines through induction of G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in vitro. Excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy with 23 was achieved in an MV;411 mouse xenograft model. Pleasingly, compound 23 (hERG IC50 > 30 μM) mitigated the inhibition of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) ion channel compared with 10 (hERG IC50 = 2.8 μM). This work provides a promising BD2-selective lead for the development of more effective and safe BET inhibitors as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiangqiang Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongrui Xu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bingrui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guangmei Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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13
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Palumbo GA, Duminuco A. Myelofibrosis: In Search for BETter Targeted Therapies. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:5044-5048. [PMID: 37751563 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Palumbo
- Department of Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia," University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Duminuco
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Beljkas M, Ilic A, Cebzan A, Radovic B, Djokovic N, Ruzic D, Nikolic K, Oljacic S. Targeting Histone Deacetylases 6 in Dual-Target Therapy of Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2581. [PMID: 38004560 PMCID: PMC10674519 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are the major regulators of the balance of acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins. In contrast to other HDAC isoforms, HDAC6 is mainly involved in maintaining the acetylation balance of many non-histone proteins. Therefore, the overexpression of HDAC6 is associated with tumorigenesis, invasion, migration, survival, apoptosis and growth of various malignancies. As a result, HDAC6 is considered a promising target for cancer treatment. However, none of selective HDAC6 inhibitors are in clinical use, mainly because of the low efficacy and high concentrations used to show anticancer properties, which may lead to off-target effects. Therefore, HDAC6 inhibitors with dual-target capabilities represent a new trend in cancer treatment, aiming to overcome the above problems. In this review, we summarize the advances in tumor treatment with dual-target HDAC6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katarina Nikolic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (A.I.); (A.C.); (B.R.); (N.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Slavica Oljacic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (A.I.); (A.C.); (B.R.); (N.D.); (D.R.)
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15
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Pan Z, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xie X, Liu M, Zhang K, Wang L, Bai D, Foster LJ, Shu R, He G. Targeting bromodomain-containing proteins: research advances of drug discovery. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:13. [PMID: 37142850 PMCID: PMC10159834 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain (BD) is an evolutionarily conserved protein module found in 46 different BD-containing proteins (BCPs). BD acts as a specific reader for acetylated lysine residues (KAc) and serves an essential role in transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, and cell proliferation. On the other hand, BCPs have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancers, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections. Over the past decade, researchers have brought new therapeutic strategies to relevant diseases by inhibiting the activity or downregulating the expression of BCPs to interfere with the transcription of pathogenic genes. An increasing number of potent inhibitors and degraders of BCPs have been developed, some of which are already in clinical trials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in the study of drugs that inhibit or down-regulate BCPs, focusing on the development history, molecular structure, biological activity, interaction with BCPs and therapeutic potentials of these drugs. In addition, we discuss current challenges, issues to be addressed and future research directions for the development of BCPs inhibitors. Lessons learned from the successful or unsuccessful development experiences of these inhibitors or degraders will facilitate the further development of efficient, selective and less toxic inhibitors of BCPs and eventually achieve drug application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Xie
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Saleh K, Ribrag V. An evaluation of fedratinib for adult patients with newly diagnosed and previously treated myelofibrosis. Expert Rev Hematol 2023; 16:227-236. [PMID: 36939633 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2023.2192473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelofibrosis (MF) is a life-shortening myeloproliferative neoplasm that has multiple features such as clonal proliferation, fibrosis and splenomegaly. Until recently, ruxolitinib, a Janus Kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor was the only targeted therapy approved for transplant-ineligible patients with MF and who require treatment for symptoms and/or splenomegaly. However, the discontinuation rate with ruxolitinib at 3 to 5 years is high and mostly due to loss of response or toxicity, and these patients had no subsequent treatment. AREAS COVERED Fedratinib, a selective JAK2 inhibitor, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August 2019 for the treatment of intermediate-2 or high-risk primary or secondary MF, regardless of prior JAK inhibitor treatment for the management of symptoms and splenomegaly. We discuss herein the development of fedratinib and its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics as well as the clinical development and the future directions. We used PubMed for the search of articles related to fedratinib and myelofibrosis. EXPERT OPINION Fedratinib provided a second-line treatment for patients with MF who failed or discontinued ruxolitinib. New combinations of JAK inhibitors with other targeted therapies are a must in order to improve the management of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saleh
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent Ribrag
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Departement d'Innovation Therapeutique Et d'Essais Precoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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17
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Li J, Zhu R, Zhuang X, Zhang C, Shen H, Wu X, Zhang M, Huang C, Xiang Q, Zhao L, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Rational Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzo[d]isoxazole Derivatives as Potent BET Bivalent Inhibitors for Potential Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106495. [PMID: 37004437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Multivalency is an attractive strategy for effective binding to target protein. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family features two tandem bromodomains (BD1, BD2), which are considered to be potential new targets for prostate cancer. Herein, we report the rational design, optimization, and evaluation of a class of novel BET bivalent inhibitors based on our monovalent BET inhibitor 7 (Y06037). The representative bivalent inhibitor 17b effectively inhibited the cell growth of LNCaP, exhibiting 32 folds more potency than monovalent inhibitor 7. Besides, 17b induced 95.1 % PSA regression in LNCaP cell at 2 μM. Docking study was further carried out to reveal the potential binding mode of 17b with two BET bromodomains. Our study demonstrates that 17b (Y13021) is a promising BET bivalent inhibitor for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Run Zhu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xishan Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Maofeng Zhang
- Suzhou Vocational Health College, No. 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Cen Huang
- Jiangsu S&T Exchange Center with Foreign Countries, No. 175 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qiuping Xiang
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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18
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Guo J, Zheng Q, Peng Y. BET proteins: Biological functions and therapeutic interventions. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 243:108354. [PMID: 36739915 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family member proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT) play a pivotal role in interpreting the epigenetic information of histone Kac modification, thus controlling gene expression, remodeling chromatin structures and avoid replicative stress-induced DNA damages. Abnormal activation of BET proteins is tightly correlated to various human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, BET bromodomain inhibitors (BBIs) were considered as promising therapeutics to treat BET-related diseases, raising >70 clinical trials in the past decades. Despite preliminary effects achieved, drug resistance and adverse events represent two major challenges for current BBIs development. In this review, we will introduce the biological functions of BET proteins in both physiological and pathological conditions; and summarize the progress in current BBI drug development. Moreover, we will also discuss the major challenges in the front of BET inhibitor development and provide rational strategies to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingquan Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China.
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19
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Chen C, Lu T, Chen P, Li Z, Yang Y, Fan S, Zhang Y, Chen K, Fu W, Wang Y, Luo C, Zhou B. Cyclization strategy leads to highly potent Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) Bromodomain inhibitors for the treatment of acute liver injury. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115023. [PMID: 36566713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) is characteristic of abrupt hepatic dysfunction and inflammatory response, and currently the main treatment for ALI is merely supportive rather than curative. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for ALI therapy is highly desirable. The emerging biological understanding of the role of BET Bromodomains has opened up an exciting opportunity to develop potent BET Bromodomain inhibitors as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute liver injury. Herein, we synthesized a series of potent BET Bromodomain inhibitors with a tetracyclic scaffold, exemplified by compound 28 which showed good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and good therapeutic effects in the LPS-induced acute liver injury model without obvious cytotoxicity, suggesting that compound 28 is a highly promising candidate worthy for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tian Lu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Panyu Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zizhou Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yaxi Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shijie Fan
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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20
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Recent Advances in the Applications of Small Molecules in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032645. [PMID: 36768967 PMCID: PMC9917049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy for multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic neoplasm of plasma cells, has undergone remarkable changes over the past 25 years. Small molecules (molecular weight of less than one kDa), together with newer immunotherapies that include monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and most recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, have combined to double the disease's five-year survival rate to over 50% during the past few decades. Despite these advances, the disease is still considered incurable, and its treatment continues to pose substantial challenges, since therapeutic refractoriness and patient relapse are exceedingly common. This review focuses on the current pipeline, along with the contemporary roles and future prospects for small molecules in MM therapy. While small molecules offer prospective benefits in terms of oral bioavailability, cellular penetration, simplicity of preparation, and improved cost-benefit considerations, they also pose problems of toxicity due to off-target effects. Highlighted in the discussion are recent developments in the applications of alkylating agents, immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, apoptosis inducers, kinesin spindle protein inhibitors, blockers of nuclear transport, and drugs that affect various kinases involved in intracellular signaling pathways. Molecular and cellular targets are described for each class of agents in relation to their roles as drivers of MM.
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21
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Suárez-Lustres A, Martínez-Yáñez N, Velasco-Rubio Á, Varela JA, Saá C. Palladium-Catalyzed [5 + 2] Rollover Annulation of 1-Benzylpyrazoles with Alkynes: A Direct Entry to Tricyclic 2-Benzazepines. Org Lett 2023; 25:794-799. [PMID: 36720009 PMCID: PMC9926515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The first Pd-catalyzed [5 + 2] rollover annulation of 1-benzylpyrazoles with alkynes to assemble 10H-benzo[e]pyrazolo[1,5-a]azepines (tricyclic 2-benzazepines) has been developed. The rollover annulation implies a twofold C-H activation of aryl and heteroaryl Csp2-H bonds (C-H/C-H) of 1-benzylpyrazoles (five-atom partners) and alkynes to give the [5 + 2] annulated compounds.
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22
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Ren L, Yang Y, Li W, Yang H, Zhang Y, Ge B, Zhang S, Du G, Wang J. Recent advances in epigenetic anticancer therapeutics and future perspectives. Front Genet 2023; 13:1085391. [PMID: 36685834 PMCID: PMC9845602 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1085391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development is frequently accompanied by abnormal expression of multiple genomic genes, which can be broadly viewed as decreased expression of tumor suppressor genes and upregulated expression of oncogenes. In this process, epigenetic regulation plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression without alteration of DNA or RNA sequence, including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Therefore, drugs developed for the above epigenetic modulation have entered clinical use or preclinical and clinical research stages, contributing to the development of antitumor drugs greatly. Despite the efficacy of epigenetic drugs in hematologic caners, their therapeutic effects in solid tumors have been less favorable. A growing body of research suggests that epigenetic drugs can be applied in combination with other therapies to increase efficacy and overcome tumor resistance. In this review, the progress of epigenetics in tumor progression and oncology drug development is systematically summarized, as well as its synergy with other oncology therapies. The future directions of epigenetic drug development are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jinhua Wang,
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23
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Humphreys PG, Anderson NA, Bamborough P, Baxter A, Chung CW, Cookson R, Craggs PD, Dalton T, Fournier JCL, Gordon LJ, Gray HF, Gray MW, Gregory R, Hirst DJ, Jamieson C, Jones KL, Kessedjian H, Lugo D, McGonagle G, Patel VK, Patten C, Poole DL, Prinjha RK, Ramirez-Molina C, Rioja I, Seal G, Stafford KAJ, Shah RR, Tape D, Theodoulou NH, Tomlinson L, Ukuser S, Wall ID, Wellaway N, White G. Identification and Optimization of a Ligand-Efficient Benzoazepinone Bromodomain and Extra Terminal (BET) Family Acetyl-Lysine Mimetic into the Oral Candidate Quality Molecule I-BET432. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15174-15207. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niall A. Anderson
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Bamborough
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Andrew Baxter
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rosa Cookson
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter D. Craggs
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Toryn Dalton
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Laurie J. Gordon
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Heather F. Gray
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Matthew W. Gray
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Richard Gregory
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - David J. Hirst
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Craig Jamieson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | | | | | - David Lugo
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Grant McGonagle
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Darren L. Poole
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Inmaculada Rioja
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Gail Seal
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Rishi R. Shah
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Daniel Tape
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Laura Tomlinson
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Sabri Ukuser
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian D. Wall
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Natalie Wellaway
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Gemma White
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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24
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Markouli M, Strepkos D, Piperi C. Impact of Histone Modifications and Their Therapeutic Targeting in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13657. [PMID: 36362442 PMCID: PMC9654260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by complex pathogenetic mechanisms. The abnormal regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and specifically, histone modifications, has been demonstrated to play a central role in hematological cancer pathogenesis and progression. A variety of epigenetic enzymes that affect the state of histones have been detected as deregulated, being either over- or underexpressed, which induces changes in chromatin compaction and, subsequently, affects gene expression. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have revealed novel therapeutic targets, with many epigenetic drugs being investigated in clinical trials. The present review focuses on the biological impact of histone modifications in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies, describing a wide range of therapeutic agents that have been discovered to target these alterations and are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (D.S.)
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25
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Understanding the Roles of the NSD Protein Methyltransferases in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112013. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent non-skin cancer in the world. While immunotherapy has revolutionized the standard of care treatment in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC, more than 70% of patients do not respond to this treatment, making the identification of novel therapeutic targets urgent. Recently, research endeavors have focused on how epigenetic modifications may affect tumor initiation and progression of HNSCC. The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) family of protein methyltransferases NSD1-NSD3 is of particular interest for HNSCC, with NSD1 and NSD3 being amongst the most commonly mutated or amplified genes respectively in HNSCC. Preclinical studies have identified both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing properties across NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 within the context of HNSCC. The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of the contribution of the NSD family of protein methyltransferases to the pathogenesis of HNSCC, underscoring their promise as novel therapeutic targets in this devastating disease.
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26
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Zhang MF, Luo XY, Zhang C, Wang C, Wu XS, Xiang QP, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization of N-(3-ethylbenzo[d]isoxazol-5-yl) sulfonamide derivatives as BRD4 inhibitors against acute myeloid leukemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2735-2748. [PMID: 35264812 PMCID: PMC8905034 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BRD4 plays a key role in the regulation of gene transcription and has been identified as an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this study, we designed 26 new compounds by modifying 3-ethyl-benzo[d]isoxazole core with sulfonamides. Most compounds exhibited potent BRD4 binding activities with ΔTm values exceeding 6 °C. Two crystal structures of 11h and 11r in complex with BRD4(1) were obtained to characterize the binding patterns. Compounds 11h and 11r were effective for BRD4(1) binding and showed remarkable anti-proliferative activity against MV4-11 cells with IC50 values of 0.78 and 0.87 μM. Furthermore, 11r (0.5-10 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited the expression levels of oncogenes including c-Myc and CDK6 in MV4-11 cells. Moreover, 11r (0.5-10 μM) concentration-dependently blocked cell cycle in MV4-11 cells at G0/G1 phase and induced cell apoptosis. Compound 11r may serve as a new lead compound for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Luo
- Guangzhou Younan Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi-Shan Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Xiang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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27
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Evaluation of the Synergistic Potential of Simultaneous Pan- or Isoform-Specific BET and SYK Inhibition in B-Cell Lymphoma: An In Vitro Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194691. [PMID: 36230614 PMCID: PMC9564024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B-cell lymphomas represent the majority of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and are the most common lymphoid malignancies in the Western world. Genetic alterations or epigenetic modulations can lead to tumor initiation and tumor progression. Aside from standard care, targeted, individualized therapies can be highly effective. Here, we evaluated the impact of simultaneous specific inhibition of two key regulators involved in B lymphoid tumor progression. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a B-cell receptor-associated kinase acting as a proto-oncogene in B-cell malignancies, while bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic reader proteins involved in histone recognition and transcription regulation. The simultaneous inhibition of SYK and BET showed enhanced anti-proliferative effects, as well as inducing a distinct combination-specific gene expression profile, suggesting SYK and BET inhibition as a promising combination in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. Abstract Background: Both bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) represent promising targets in diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL). We evaluated the anti-lymphoma activity of the isoform-specific bivalent BET inhibitor AZD5153 (AZD) and the pan-BET inhibitor I-BET151 (I-BET) as single agents and in combination with SYK inhibitor Entospletinib (Ento) in vitro. Methods: The effect of the single agents on cell proliferation and metabolic activity was evaluated in two DLBCL and two BL cell lines. Proliferation, metabolic activity, apoptosis, cell cycle and morphology were further investigated after a combined treatment of AZD or I-BET and Ento. RNAseq profiling of combined AZD+Ento treatment was performed in SU-DHL-4 cells. Results: Both BET inhibitors reduced cell proliferation and metabolic activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combined BET and SYK inhibition enhanced the anti-proliferative effect and induced a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. SU-DHL-4 demonstrated a pronounced modulation of gene expression by AZD, which was markedly increased by additional SYK inhibition. Functional enrichment analyses identified combination-specific GO terms related to DNA replication and cell division. Genes such as ADGRA2, MYB, TNFRSF11A, S100A10, PLEKHH3, DHRS2 and FOXP1-AS1 were identified as possible key regulators. Conclusion: Simultaneous inhibition of BET and SYK enhanced the anti-proliferative effects, and induced a combination-specific gene expression signature.
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28
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Wu S, Li X, Shang L, Wu L, Li T, Li P, Ji Z, Hou J, Yin M, Xu W. The novel BRDT inhibitor NHWD870 shows potential as a male contraceptive in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1789-1800. [PMID: 36239350 PMCID: PMC10157631 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins have emerged as promising options not only for the treatment of multiple cancers but also for disturbing the process of sperm maturation with potential for use as viable contraceptive targets. In this study, we find that the BET family inhibitor NHWD870 and BRDT can bind well in vitro through bioinformatics software prediction and protein binding inhibition experiments. NHWD870 can produce a good contraceptive effect through animal experiments in vivo, and the fertility can be restored to normal after drug withdrawal. Transcriptomics and proteomics results suggest that NHWD870 affects pathways related to spermatogenesis and maturation, further contributing to the male infertility phenotype. Our results show that NHWD870 can induce a complete and reversible contraceptive effect in mice, which is stronger than that of JQ1 and its synthesized derivatives. This study is expected to eventually lead to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Wu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Reproductive Medical Centre, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijun Shang
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8BD, UK
| | - Lvying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peiyv Li
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianwen Hou
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Heath and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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29
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Typical Enhancers, Super-Enhancers, and Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184375. [PMID: 36139535 PMCID: PMC9496678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cancer genome has been exhaustively studied upon the advent of Next-Generation Sequencing technologies. Coding and non-coding sequences have been defined as hotspots of genomic variations that affect the naïve gene expression programs established in normal cells, thus working as endogenous drivers of carcinogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize fundamental aspects of gene expression regulation, with emphasis on the impact of sequence and structural variations mapped across non-coding cis-acting elements of genes encoding for tumor-related transcription factors. Chromatin architecture, epigenome reprogramming, transcriptional enhancers and Super-enhancers, oncogene regulation, cutting-edge technologies, and pharmacological treatment are substantially highlighted. Abstract Non-coding segments of the human genome are enriched in cis-regulatory modules that constitute functional elements, such as transcriptional enhancers and Super-enhancers. A hallmark of cancer pathogenesis is the dramatic dysregulation of the “archetype” gene expression profiles of normal human cells. Genomic variations can promote such deficiencies when occurring across enhancers and Super-enhancers, since they affect their mechanistic principles, their functional capacity and specificity, and the epigenomic features of the chromatin microenvironment across which these regulatory elements reside. Here, we comprehensively describe: fundamental mechanisms of gene expression dysregulation in cancers that involve genomic abnormalities within enhancers’ and Super-enhancers’ (SEs) sequences, which alter the expression of oncogenic transcription factors (TFs); cutting-edge technologies applied for the analysis of variation-enriched hotspots of the cancer genome; and pharmacological approaches for the treatment of Super-enhancers’ aberrant function. Finally, we provide an intratumor meta-analysis, which highlights that genomic variations in transcription-factor-driven tumors are accompanied overexpression of genes, a portion of which encodes for additional cancer-related transcription factors.
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30
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Harrison CN, Gupta VK, Gerds AT, Rampal R, Verstovsek S, Talpaz M, Kiladjian JJ, Mesa R, Kuykendall AT, Vannucchi AM, Palandri F, Grosicki S, Devos T, Jourdan E, Wondergem MJ, Al-Ali HK, Buxhofer-Ausch V, Alvarez-Larrán A, Patriarca A, Kremyanskaya M, Mead AJ, Akhani S, Sheikine Y, Colak G, Mascarenhas J. Phase III MANIFEST-2: pelabresib + ruxolitinib vs placebo + ruxolitinib in JAK inhibitor treatment-naive myelofibrosis. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2987-2997. [PMID: 35950489 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm, typically associated with disease-related symptoms, splenomegaly, cytopenias and bone marrow fibrosis. Patients experience a significant symptom burden and a reduced life expectancy. Patients with MF receive ruxolitinib as the current standard of care, but the depth and durability of responses and the percentage of patients achieving clinical outcome measures are limited; thus, a significant unmet medical need exists. Pelabresib is an investigational small-molecule bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitor currently in clinical development for MF. The aim of this article is to describe the design of the ongoing, global, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled MANIFEST-2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of pelabresib and ruxolitinib versus placebo and ruxolitinib in patients with JAKi treatment-naive MF. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04603495 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N Harrison
- Guys & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Vikas K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z5, Canada
| | - Aaron T Gerds
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Raajit Rampal
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5936, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Kiladjian
- Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM CIC 1427), Université Paris Cité and Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Ruben Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Andrew T Kuykendall
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- Department of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, 50139, Italy
| | - Francesca Palandri
- Department of Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Sebastian Grosicki
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, 40-055, Poland
| | - Timothy Devos
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven & Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (Rega Institute), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Eric Jourdan
- Department of Hematology, C.H.U., Nîmes, 30029, France
| | - Marielle J Wondergem
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | | | - Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch
- Department of Internal Medicine I with Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen & Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Patriarca
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità di Novara, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Marina Kremyanskaya
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adam J Mead
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DX, UK
| | | | - Yuri Sheikine
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a MorphoSys Company, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Gozde Colak
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a MorphoSys Company, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives as potential BRD4 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Blum KA, Supko JG, Maris MB, Flinn IW, Goy A, Younes A, Bobba S, Senderowicz AM, Efuni S, Rippley R, Colak G, Trojer P, Abramson JS. A Phase I Study of Pelabresib (CPI-0610), a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of BET Proteins, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:795-805. [PMID: 36923307 PMCID: PMC10010313 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose NF-κB, a transcription factor essential for inflammatory responses, is constitutively activated in many lymphomas. In preclinical studies, pelabresib (CPI-0610), an investigational (BET) bromodomain inhibitor, downregulated NF-κB signaling and demonstrated antitumor activity in vitro. Here we report the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary clinical activity from the first-in-human phase I study of pelabresib in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphomas (NCT01949883). Experimental Design Sixty-four patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma (median of 4 prior lines of therapy) were treated with either capsule (6, 12, 24, 48, 80, 120, 170, 230, 300 mg) or tablet (125, 225 mg) doses of pelabresib orally once daily on a 14 days on, 7 days off schedule. Results The MTD was determined as the 225 mg tablet daily. The most frequent adverse events were fatigue, nausea, and decreased appetite. Thrombocytopenia, a class effect for all BET inhibitors, was dose-dependent, reversible, and noncumulative. Pelabresib exhibited dose-proportional increases in systemic exposure, rapid absorption, and a half-life of approximately 15 hours (supporting once daily dosing). The bioavailability of the tablet formulation was 60% greater than the capsules. Pelabresib suppressed IL8 and CCR1 mRNA at doses above 120 and 170 mg, respectively. Four patients (6.2%) had an objective response (2 complete response and 2 partial response) and 5 patients had prolonged stable disease. Conclusions/Discussion Pelabresib is capable of BET target gene suppression in an exposure-dependent manner with an acceptable safety profile leading to the recommended phase II dose of the 125 mg tablet once daily. Significance BET proteins inhibition can potentially modify the pathogenic pathways which contribute to many diseases including malignancies. Pelabresib (CPI-0610), a potent and selective small molecule BET proteins inhibitor, has a MTD of 225 mg once daily for 14 days with a 7-day break, clear pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship, and manageable clinical safety profile. These findings are part of the foundation for the ongoing pivotal study of pelabresib in patients with myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian W Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andre Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Anas Younes
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Suresh Bobba
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals (a Morphosys Company), Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sergey Efuni
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals (a Morphosys Company), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronda Rippley
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals (a Morphosys Company), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gozde Colak
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals (a Morphosys Company), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Trojer
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals (a Morphosys Company), Boston, Massachusetts
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Di Francesco B, Verzella D, Capece D, Vecchiotti D, Di Vito Nolfi M, Flati I, Cornice J, Di Padova M, Angelucci A, Alesse E, Zazzeroni F. NF-κB: A Druggable Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143557. [PMID: 35884618 PMCID: PMC9319319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary AML is a highly heterogeneous hematological disease and is the second most common form of leukemia. Around 40% of AML patients display elevated nuclear NF-κB activity, providing a compelling rationale for targeting the NF-κB pathway in AML. Here we summarize the main drivers of the NF-κB pathway in AML pathogenesis as well as the conventional and novel therapeutic strategies targeting NF-κB to improve the survival of AML patients. Abstract Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that relies on highly heterogeneous cytogenetic alterations. Although in the last few years new agents have been developed for AML treatment, the overall survival prospects for AML patients are still gloomy and new therapeutic options are still urgently needed. Constitutive NF-κB activation has been reported in around 40% of AML patients, where it sustains AML cell survival and chemoresistance. Given the central role of NF-κB in AML, targeting the NF-κB pathway represents an attractive strategy to treat AML. This review focuses on current knowledge of NF-κB’s roles in AML pathogenesis and summarizes the main therapeutic approaches used to treat NF-κB-driven AML.
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Super-Enhancers, Phase-Separated Condensates, and 3D Genome Organization in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122866. [PMID: 35740532 PMCID: PMC9221043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
3D chromatin organization plays an important role in transcription regulation and gene expression. The 3D genome is highly maintained by several architectural proteins, such as CTCF, Yin Yang 1, and cohesin complex. This structural organization brings regulatory DNA elements in close proximity to their target promoters. In this review, we discuss the 3D chromatin organization of super-enhancers and their relationship to phase-separated condensates. Super-enhancers are large clusters of DNA elements. They can physically contact with their target promoters by chromatin looping during transcription. Multiple transcription factors can bind to enhancer and promoter sequences and recruit a complex array of transcriptional co-activators and RNA polymerase II to effect transcriptional activation. Phase-separated condensates of transcription factors and transcriptional co-activators have been implicated in assembling the transcription machinery at particular enhancers. Cancer cells can hijack super-enhancers to drive oncogenic transcription to promote cell survival and proliferation. These dysregulated transcriptional programs can cause cancer cells to become highly dependent on transcriptional regulators, such as Mediator and BRD4. Moreover, the expression of oncogenes that are driven by super-enhancers is sensitive to transcriptional perturbation and often occurs in phase-separated condensates, supporting therapeutic rationales of targeting SE components, 3D genome organization, or dysregulated condensates in cancer.
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Dhara HN, Rakshit A, Alam T, Patel BK. Metal-catalyzed reactions of organic nitriles and boronic acids to access diverse functionality. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4243-4277. [PMID: 35552581 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nitrile or cyano (-CN) group is one of the most appreciated and effective functional groups in organic synthesis, having a polar unsaturated C-N triple bond. Despite sufficient stability and being intrinsically inert, the nitrile group can be easily transformed into many other functional groups, such as amines, carboxylic acids, ketones, etc. which makes it a vital group in organic synthesis. On the other hand, despite several boronic acids having a low level of genotoxicity, they have found wide applicability in the field of organic synthesis, especially in transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Recently, transition-metal-catalyzed cascade additions or addition/cyclization processes of boronic acids to the nitrile group open up exciting and useful strategies to prepare a variety of functional molecules through the formation of C-C, C-N and CO bonds. Boronic acids can be added to the cyano functionality through catalytic carbometallation or through a radical cascade process to provide newer pathways for the rapid construction of various important acyclic ketones or amides, carbamidines, carbocycles and N,O-heterocycles. The present review focuses on various transition-metal-catalyzed additions of boronic acids via carbometallation or radical cascade processes using the cyano group as an acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirendra Nath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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Novel dual-targeting c-Myc inhibitor D347-2761 represses myeloma growth via blocking c-Myc/Max heterodimerization and disturbing its stability. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:73. [PMID: 35619182 PMCID: PMC9137135 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factor c-Myc plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological events. c-Myc gene rearrangement is closely associated with multiple myeloma (MM) progression and drug resistance. Thereby, targeting c-Myc is expected to be a useful therapeutic strategy for hematological disease, especially in MM.
Methods Molecular docking-based virtual screening and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to identify novel c-Myc inhibitors. Cell viability and flow cytometry were performed for evaluating myeloma cytotoxicity. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, GST pull down and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay were performed for protein expression and interaction between c-Myc and Max. c-Myc downstream targets were measured by Q-PCR and Chromatin immunoprecipitation methods. Animal experiments were used to detect myeloma xenograft and infiltration in vivo. Results We successfully identified a novel c-Myc inhibitor D347-2761, which hindered the formation of c-Myc/Max heterodimer and disturbed c-Myc protein stability simultaneously. Compound D347-2761 dose-and time-dependently inhibited myeloma cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Dual knockout Bak/Bax partially restored D347-2761-mediated cell death. Additionally, compound D347-2761 could, in combination with bortezomib (BTZ), enhance MM cell DNA damage and overcome BTZ drug resistance. Our in vivo studies also showed that compound D347-2761 repressed myeloma growth and distal infiltration by downregulating c-Myc expression. Mechanistically, novel dual-targeting c-Myc inhibitor D347-2761 promoted c-Myc protein degradation via stimulating c-Myc Thr58 phosphorylation levels, which ultimately led to transcriptional repression of CDK4 promoter activity. Conclusions We identified a novel dual-targeting c-Myc small molecular inhibitor D347-2761. And this study may provide a solid foundation for developing a novel therapeutic agent targeting c-Myc. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00868-6.
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Zheng M, Tao X, Yi J, Mu D, Cao X. The prognostic significance of bromodomain protein 4 expression in solid tumor patients: A meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153918. [PMID: 35561521 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. At present, several inhibitors of bromodomain protein 4 have shown promising anti-tumor responses in clinical trials. Numerous studies have reported the value of bromodomain protein 4 expression in predicting the prognosis of patients with cancers, but their conclusions remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association between bromodomain protein 4 and patient prognosis with the aim to provide new directions for the development of strategies for targeted cancer therapy. METHODS The meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; Registration No. CRD42020184948) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. PubMed Central, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase were thoroughly searched to identify eligible studies published through March 31, 2021. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to demonstrate the relationship between bromodomain protein 4 expression and clinicopathological features. We computed pooled estimated hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals using Stata 12.0 software to clarify the relationship between bromodomain protein 4 expression and overall survival of various cancers. A quality assessment of the eligible articles was performed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS A total of 974 patients from 10 studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Our results revealed that compared to low bromodomain protein 4 expression, high bromodomain protein 4 expression in cancer tissues was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (Odds ratio = 3.59, 95% confidence interval: 2.62-4.91), distant metastasis (Odds ratio = 4.22, 95% confidence interval: 2.40-7.45), advanced TNM stage (III+IV vs. I+II: Odds ratio = 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.29-8.08), and poorly differentiated tumors (Odds ratio = 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.33-2.63). In addition, an elevated expression of bromodomain protein 4 tended to shorten survival time (Hazard ratio = 2.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.62-3.07). The subgroup analysis results showed that bromodomain protein 4 upregulation was related to poor prognosis in patients with digestive system cancers (Hazard ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.85-3.50). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that bromodomain protein 4 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for cancers and a direct effective cancer treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Wang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yingli Fu
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuerong Tao
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jiaxin Yi
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Dongmei Mu
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Njomen E, Vanecek A, Lansdell TA, Yang YT, Schall PZ, Harris CM, Bernard MP, Isaac D, Alkharabsheh O, Al-Janadi A, Giletto MB, Ellsworth E, Taylor C, Tang T, Lau S, Bailie M, Bernard JJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Tepe JJ. Small Molecule 20S Proteasome Enhancer Regulates MYC Protein Stability and Exhibits Antitumor Activity in Multiple Myeloma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050938. [PMID: 35625675 PMCID: PMC9138505 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the addition of several new agents to the armamentarium for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) in the last decade and improvements in outcomes, the refractory and relapsing disease continues to take a great toll, limiting overall survival. Therefore, additional novel approaches are needed to improve outcomes for MM patients. The oncogenic transcription factor MYC drives cell growth, differentiation and tumor development in many cancers. MYC protein levels are tightly regulated by the proteasome and an increase in MYC protein expression is found in more than 70% of all human cancers, including MM. In addition to the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MYC by the 26S proteasome, MYC levels are also regulated in a ubiquitin-independent manner through the REGγ activation of the 20S proteasome. Here, we demonstrate that a small molecule activator of the 20S proteasome, TCH-165, decreases MYC protein levels, in a manner that parallels REGγ protein-mediated MYC degradation. TCH-165 enhances MYC degradation and reduces cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo models of multiple myeloma by enhancing apoptotic signaling, as assessed by targeted gene expression analysis of cancer pathways. Furthermore, 20S proteasome enhancement is well tolerated in mice and dogs. These data support the therapeutic potential of small molecule-driven 20S proteasome activation for the treatments of MYC-driven cancers, especially MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Njomen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.N.); (A.V.); (C.M.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Allison Vanecek
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.N.); (A.V.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Theresa A. Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (P.Z.S.)
| | - Peter Z. Schall
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (P.Z.S.)
| | - Christi M. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.N.); (A.V.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Matthew P. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Daniel Isaac
- Breslin Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (D.I.); (O.A.); (A.A.-J.)
| | - Omar Alkharabsheh
- Breslin Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (D.I.); (O.A.); (A.A.-J.)
| | - Anas Al-Janadi
- Breslin Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (D.I.); (O.A.); (A.A.-J.)
| | - Matthew B. Giletto
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Edmund Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Catherine Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (C.T.); (T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Terence Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (C.T.); (T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Sarah Lau
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (C.T.); (T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Marc Bailie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Jamie J. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (P.Z.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (V.Y.-G.); (J.J.T.)
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.N.); (A.V.); (C.M.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.Y.-G.); (J.J.T.)
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Li B, Chen C, Jia J, He L. Research progress on antineoplastic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of seven-membered heterocyclic derivatives. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5076-5096. [PMID: 35345989 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220328123953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Seven-membered heterocyclic compounds are important drug scaffolds, because of their unique chemical structures. They widely exist in natural products and show a variety of biological activities. They have commonly been used in central nervous system drugs in the past 30 years. In the past decade, there are many studies on the activities of antitumor, antibacterial, etc. Herein, we summarize the research advances in different kinds of seven-membered heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur heteroatoms with antitumor, antisepsis, and anti-inflammation activities in the past ten years, which is expected to be beneficial to the development and design of novel drugs for the corresponding indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Chen J, Tang P, Wang Y, Wang J, Yang C, Li Y, Yang G, Wu F, Zhang J, Ouyang L. Targeting Bromodomain-Selective Inhibitors of BET Proteins in Drug Discovery and Development. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5184-5211. [PMID: 35324195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blocking the interactions between bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins and acetylated lysines of histones by small molecules has important implications for the treatment of cancers and other diseases. Many pan-BET inhibitors have shown satisfactory results in clinical trials, but their potential for poor tolerability and toxicity persist. However, recently reported studies illustrate that some BET bromodomain (BET-BD1 or BET-BD2)-selective inhibitors have advantage over pan-inhibitors, including reduced toxicity concerns. Furthermore, some selective BET inhibitors have similar or even better therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory diseases or cancers. Therefore, the development of selective BET inhibitors has become a hot spot for medicinal chemists. Here, we summarize the known selective BET-BD1 and BET-BD2 inhibitors and review the methods for enhancing the selectivity and potency of these inhibitors based on their different modes of interactions with BET-BD1 or BET-BD2. Finally, we discuss prospective strategies that selectively target the bromodomains of BET proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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41
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Chen L, Liu Z, Li X. Recent Advances in Dual BRD4-Kinase Inhibitors Base on Polypharmacology. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100731. [PMID: 35146935 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic reader BRD4 is involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation, making it a promising therapeutic target. However, during the past decades, the results of many BRD4 inhibitors that have entered clinical trials were, in the main, unsatisfactory, due to some therapeutic limitations such as off-target effects and drug resistance. Combining a BRD4 inhibitor with another drug was expected to be an ideal option to overcome these "bottlenecks" and achieve improved therapeutic outcomes. However, combination therapy might trigger toxicity caused by drug-drug interaction, complex pharmacokinetic and additive effects. Recently, the application of dual-target drugs targeting BRD4 and other kinases has emerged to be an attractive approach to remedy defects of a single BRD4 inhibitor. Herein, this review focuses on recent advances in the discovery of dual BRD4-kinase inhibitors, with emphasis on their co-crystal structures and structure-activity relationships (SARs), as well as perspective prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, Medicinal chemistry, West Wenhua Road 44, 250012, Jinnan, CHINA
| | - Zhaopeng Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Un, No.44 WhenHua XiLu, 250012, Jinan, CHINA
| | - Xun Li
- Shandong First Medical University, Institute of Materia Medica, CHINA
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42
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Liu Z, Li Y, Chen H, Lai HT, Wang P, Wu SY, Wold EA, Leonard PG, Joseph S, Hu H, Chiang CM, Brasier AR, Tian B, Zhou J. Discovery, X-ray Crystallography, and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bromodomain-containing Protein 4 (BRD4) BD1 Inhibitors Targeting a Distinct New Binding Site. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2388-2408. [PMID: 34982556 PMCID: PMC8989062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an emerging epigenetic drug target for intractable inflammatory disorders. The lack of highly selective inhibitors among BRD4 family members has stalled the collective understanding of this critical system and the progress toward clinical development of effective therapeutics. Here we report the discovery of a potent BRD4 bromodomain 1 (BD1)-selective inhibitor ZL0590 (52) targeting a unique, previously unreported binding site, while exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. The X-ray crystal structural analysis of ZL0590 in complex with human BRD4 BD1 and the associated mutagenesis study illustrate a first-in-class nonacetylated lysine (KAc) binding site located at the helix αB and αC interface that contains important BRD4 residues (e.g., Glu151) not commonly shared among other family members and is spatially distinct from the classic KAc recognition pocket. This new finding facilitates further elucidation of the complex biology underpinning bromodomain specificity among BRD4 and its protein-protein interaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul G Leonard
- Core for Biomolecular Structure and Function, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Sarah Joseph
- Core for Biomolecular Structure and Function, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | | | | | - Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 4248 Health Sciences Learning Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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43
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Dong R, Zhang C, Wang C, Zhou X, Li W, Zhang JY, Wang M, Xu Y, Sun LP. Design, synthesis and anticancer evaluation of 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives as novel selective bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 55:116592. [PMID: 34999525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing Protein 4 (BRD4), an 'epigenetic reader', regulates chromatin structure and gene expression via recognizing and binding acetylated lysine in histones. BRD4 has become a therapeutic target for cancers because it promotes the expression of the tumor genes, such as c-Myc, NF-κB, and Bcl-2. In this study, a new series of 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives were designed via virtual screening and structure-based optimization. All compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities to BRD4-BD1 and their antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines. Among them, several compounds (such as 9d, 9u and 9w) exhibited strong BRD4-BD1 affinities and inhibition activities, and potently suppressed MV4;11 cancer cell line proliferation. Among them, compound 9d showed excellent selectivity for BRD4 and effectively suppressed c-Myc, the downstream protein of BRD4. This study provided new lead compounds for further biological evaluation on BRD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai yuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai yuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jin-Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai yuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Yamatani K, Ai T, Saito K, Suzuki K, Hori A, Kinjo S, Ikeo K, Ruvolo V, Zhang W, Mak PY, Kaczkowski B, Harada H, Katayama K, Sugimoto Y, Myslinski J, Hato T, Miida T, Konopleva M, Hayashizaki Y, Carter BZ, Tabe Y, Andreeff M. Inhibition of BCL2A1 by STAT5 inactivation overcomes resistance to targeted therapies of FLT3-ITD/D835 mutant AML. Transl Oncol 2022; 18:101354. [PMID: 35114569 PMCID: PMC8818561 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL2A1 is upregulated and exerts a pro-survival function in FLT3-ITD/D835 AML cells. Upregulation of BCL2A1 attenuates sensitivity to quizartinib in FLT3-ITD/D835 cells. Gilteritinib decreases BCL2A1 through inactivation of STAT5 in FLT3-ITD/D835 cells. Gilteritinib/Venetoclax has a synergistic anti-tumor activity in FLT3-ITD/D835 cells.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are established drugs in the therapy of FLT3-ITD mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, acquired mutations, such as D835 in the tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-ITD/D835), can induce resistance to TKIs. A cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) technology revealed that the gene expression of BCL2A1 transcription start sites was increased in primary AML cells bearing FLT3-ITD/D835 compared to FLT3-ITD. Overexpression of BCL2A1 attenuated the sensitivity to quizartinib, a type II TKI, and venetoclax, a selective BCL2 inhibitor, in AML cell lines. However, a type I TKI, gilteritinib, inhibited the expression of BCL2A1 through inactivation of STAT5 and alleviated TKI resistance of FLT3-ITD/D835. The combination of gilteritinib and venetoclax showed synergistic effects in the FLT3-ITD/D835 positive AML cells. The promoter region of BCL2A1 contains a BRD4 binding site. Thus, the blockade of BRD4 with a BET inhibitor (CPI-0610) downregulated BCL2A1 in FLT3-mutated AML cells and extended profound suppression of FLT3-ITD/D835 mutant cells. Therefore, we propose that BCL2A1 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic target in treating FLT3-ITD/D835 mutated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotoko Yamatani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaori Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hori
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Kinjo
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 448, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 448, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Po Yee Mak
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 448, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Bogumil Kaczkowski
- Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jered Myslinski
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Marion, IN, United States
| | - Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Marion, IN, United States
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Leukemia Biology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Bing Z Carter
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 448, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 448, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Next Generation Hematology Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 448, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Humphreys PG, Atkinson SJ, Bamborough P, Bit RA, Chung CW, Craggs PD, Cutler L, Davis R, Ferrie A, Gong G, Gordon LJ, Gray M, Harrison LA, Hayhow TG, Haynes A, Henley N, Hirst DJ, Holyer ID, Lindon MJ, Lovatt C, Lugo D, McCleary S, Molnar J, Osmani Q, Patten C, Preston A, Rioja I, Seal JT, Smithers N, Sun F, Tang D, Taylor S, Theodoulou NH, Thomas C, Watson RJ, Wellaway CR, Zhu L, Tomkinson NCO, Prinjha RK. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of I-BET567, a Pan-Bromodomain and Extra Terminal (BET) Bromodomain Oral Candidate. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2262-2287. [PMID: 34995458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Through regulation of the epigenome, the bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) family of proteins represent important therapeutic targets for the treatment of human disease. Through mimicking the endogenous N-acetyl-lysine group and disrupting the protein-protein interaction between histone tails and the bromodomain, several small molecule pan-BET inhibitors have progressed to oncology clinical trials. This work describes the medicinal chemistry strategy and execution to deliver an orally bioavailable tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) pan-BET candidate. Critical to the success of this endeavor was a potency agnostic analysis of a data set of 1999 THQ BET inhibitors within the GSK collection which enabled identification of appropriate lipophilicity space to deliver compounds with a higher probability of desired oral candidate quality properties. SAR knowledge was leveraged via Free-Wilson analysis within this design space to identify a small group of targets which ultimately delivered I-BET567 (27), a pan-BET candidate inhibitor that demonstrated efficacy in mouse models of oncology and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Bamborough
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rino A Bit
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Craggs
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Cutler
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Davis
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ferrie
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - GangLi Gong
- WuXi Shanghai STA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., No. 90 Delin Road, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Laurie J Gordon
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Gray
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Lee A Harrison
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas G Hayhow
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Haynes
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Henley
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - David J Hirst
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Holyer
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Lindon
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Cerys Lovatt
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - David Lugo
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Scott McCleary
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Molnar
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Qendresa Osmani
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Patten
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Preston
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan T Seal
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Smithers
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Fenglai Sun
- WuXi Shanghai STA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., No. 90 Delin Road, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Dalin Tang
- WuXi Shanghai STA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., No. 90 Delin Road, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Simon Taylor
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie H Theodoulou
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.,WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Thomas
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Watson
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Linrong Zhu
- WuXi Shanghai STA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., No. 90 Delin Road, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Nicholas C O Tomkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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46
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Discovery of 1-(5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one derivatives as novel and potent bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors with anticancer efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113953. [PMID: 34731760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As epigenetic readers, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins bind to acetylated-lysine residues in histones and recruit protein complexes to promote transcription initiation and elongation. Inhibition of BET bromodomains by small molecule inhibitors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. Herein, we describe our efforts toward the discovery of a novel series of 1-(5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one derivatives as BET inhibitors. Intensive structural modifications led to the identification of compound 35f as the most active inhibitor of BET BRD4 with selectivity against BET family proteins. Further biological studies revealed that compound 35f can arrest the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase and induce apoptosis via decreasing the expression of c-Myc and other proteins related to cell cycle and apoptosis. More importantly, compound 35f showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and antitumor efficacy in MV4-11 mouse xenograft model with acceptable tolerability. These results indicated that BET inhibitors could be potentially used to treat hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors.
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47
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Das D, Karthik N, Taneja R. Epigenetic Small-Molecule Modulators Targeting Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:523-555. [PMID: 36301505 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic deregulation is a key factor in cancer progression. Epigenetic changes and metabolic rewiring are intertwined in cancer. Deregulated epigenetic modifiers cause metabolic aberrations by targeting the expression of metabolic enzymes. Conversely, metabolites and cofactors affect the expression and activity of epigenetic regulators. Small molecules are promising therapeutic approaches to target the epigenetic-metabolomic crosstalk in cancer. Here, we focus on the interplay between metabolic rewiring and epigenetic landscape in the context of tumourigenesis and highlight recent advances in the use of small-molecule drug targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Das
- Department of Physiology and Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nandini Karthik
- Department of Physiology and Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology and Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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48
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Chen F, Wang Y, Gao Z, Wang S, Liu J, Cui X, Wang Y, Li Z, Qin M, Liu Y, Gong P, Zhao Y, Hou Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pteridinone derivatives possessing a sulfonyl moiety as potent dual inhibitors of PLK1 and BRD4. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel simultaneous inhibition of PLK1 and BRD4 bromodomains by a single molecule, a series of novel pteridinone derivatives possessing a sulfonyl moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shihui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinhua Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuehan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mingze Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ping Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
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49
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Fernández-Serrano M, Winkler R, Santos JC, Le Pannérer MM, Buschbeck M, Roué G. Histone Modifications and Their Targeting in Lymphoid Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:253. [PMID: 35008680 PMCID: PMC8745418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a wide range of lymphoid neoplasms, the process of malignant transformation is associated with somatic mutations in B cells that affect the epigenetic machinery. Consequential alterations in histone modifications contribute to disease-specific changes in the transcriptional program. Affected genes commonly play important roles in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis-inducing signal transduction, and DNA damage response, thus facilitating the emergence of malignant traits that impair immune surveillance and favor the emergence of different B-cell lymphoma subtypes. In the last two decades, the field has made a major effort to develop therapies that target these epigenetic alterations. In this review, we discuss which epigenetic alterations occur in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, we aim to present in a close to comprehensive manner the current state-of-the-art in the preclinical and clinical development of epigenetic drugs. We focus on therapeutic strategies interfering with histone methylation and acetylation as these are most advanced in being deployed from the bench-to-bedside and have the greatest potential to improve the prognosis of lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Fernández-Serrano
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Winkler
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
| | - Juliana C. Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Marguerite-Marie Le Pannérer
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
- Program of Personalized and Predictive Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
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Chen S, He Y, Geng Y, Wang Z, Han L, Han W. Molecular Dynamic Simulations of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Protein 4 Bonded to Potent Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010118. [PMID: 35011350 PMCID: PMC8747027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) subfamily is the most studied subfamily of bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) family which can modulate acetylation signal transduction and produce diverse physiological functions. Thus, the BET family can be treated as an alternative strategy for targeting androgen-receptor (AR)-driven cancers. In order to explore the effect of inhibitors binding to BRD4 (the most studied member of BET family), four 150 ns molecular dynamic simulations were performed (free BRD4, Cpd4-BRD4, Cpd9-BRD4 and Cpd19-BRD4). Docking studies showed that Cpd9 and Cpd19 were located at the active pocket, as well as Cpd4. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that only Cpd19 binding to BRD4 can induce residue Trp81-Ala89 partly become α-helix during MD simulations. MM-GBSA calculations suggested that Cpd19 had the best binding effect with BRD4 followed by Cpd4 and Cpd9. Computational alanine scanning results indicated that mutations in Phe83 made the greatest effects in Cpd9-BRD4 and Cpd19-BRD4 complexes, showing that Phe83 may play crucial roles in Cpd9 and Cpd19 binding to BRD4. Our results can provide some useful clues for further BCPs family search.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lu Han
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (W.H.)
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