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Urrutia-Ortega IM, Valencia I, Ispanixtlahuatl-Meraz O, Benítez-Flores JC, Espinosa-González AM, Estrella-Parra EA, Flores-Ortiz CM, Chirino YI, Avila-Acevedo JG. Full-spectrum cannabidiol reduces UVB damage through the inhibition of TGF-β1 and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38958000 DOI: 10.1111/php.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The thermodynamic characteristics, antioxidant potential, and photoprotective benefits of full-spectrum cannabidiol (FS-CBD) against UVB-induced cellular death were examined in this study. In silico analysis of CBD showed antioxidant capacity via proton donation and UV absorption at 209.09, 254.73, and 276.95 nm, according to the HAT and SPLET methodologies. FS-CBD protected against UVB-induced bacterial death for 30 min. FS-CBD protected against UVB-induced cell death by 42% (1.5 μg/mL) and 35% (3.5 μg/mL) in an in vitro keratinocyte cell model. An in vivo acute irradiated CD-1et/et mouse model (UVB-irradiated for 5 min) presented very low photoprotection when FS-CBD was applied cutaneously, as determined by histological analyses. In vivo skin samples showed that FS-CBD regulated inflammatory responses by inhibiting the inflammatory markers TGF-β1 and NLRP3. The docking analysis showed that the CBD molecule had a high affinity for TGF-β1 and NLRP3, indicating that protection against inflammation might be mediated by blocking these proinflammatory molecules. This result was corroborated by the docking interactions between CBD and TGF-β1 and NLRP3, which resulted in a high affinity and inhibition of both proteins The present work suggested a FS-CBD moderate photoprotective agent against UVB light-induced skin damage and that this effect is partially mediated by its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Urrutia-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - I Valencia
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - O Ispanixtlahuatl-Meraz
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J C Benítez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Histología, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A M Espinosa-González
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - E A Estrella-Parra
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - C M Flores-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Y I Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J G Avila-Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
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Hu Z, Qin Z, Xie J, Qu Y, Yin L. Cannabidiol and its application in the treatment of oral diseases: therapeutic potentials, routes of administration and prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116271. [PMID: 38788594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the most important active ingredients in cannabis, has been reported to have some pharmacological effects such as antibacterial and analgesic effects, and to have therapeutic potential in the treatment of oral diseases such as oral cancer, gingivitis and periodontal diseases. However, there is a lack of relevant systematic research and reviews. Therefore, based on the etiology and clinical symptoms of several common oral diseases, this paper focuses on the therapeutic potential of CBD in periodontal diseases, pulp diseases, oral mucosal diseases, oral cancer and temporomandibular joint diseases. The pharmacological effects of CBD and the distribution and function of its receptors in the oral cavity are also summarized. In order to provide reference for future research and further clinical application of CBD, we also summarize several possible routes of administration and corresponding characteristics. Finally, the challenges faced while applying CBD clinically and possible solutions are discussed, and we also look to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Hu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zishun Qin
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinhong Xie
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Qu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lihua Yin
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Dai X, Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang S, Guo Q, Feng X, Zhao F, Li Y, Lan L, Li X. DYZY01 alleviates pulmonary hypertension via inhibiting endothelial cell pyroptosis and rescuing endothelial dysfunction. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176785. [PMID: 38942262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a malignant pulmonary vascular disease with a poor prognosis. Although the development of targeted drugs for this disease has made some breakthroughs in recent decades, PH remains incurable. Therefore, innovative clinical treatment methods and drugs for PH are still urgently needed. DYZY01 is a new drug whose main ingredient is high-purity cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive constituent of cannabinoids that was demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-pyroptosis properties. Several recent studies have found cannabidiol could improve experimental PH, whereas the mechanistic effect of it warrants further investigation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether DYZY01 can treat PH by inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis and to reveal its underlying mechanism. We established hypoxia and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rat models in vivo and treated them with either DYZY01 (10,50 mg/kg/d) or Riociguat (10 mg/kg/d) by oral administration. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), and extent of vascular remodeling were measured. Meanwhile, the effect of DYZY01 on human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) was assessed in vitro. The results indicated that DYZY01 significantly reduced mPAP and RVHI in PH rats and reversed the extent of pulmonary vascular remodeling. This improvement may have been achieved by reducing endothelial cell pyroptosis via inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway. Furthermore, DYZY01 could improve endothelial vascular function, possibly by regulating the secretion of vasodilator factors and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of pulmonary endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yusi Wu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Deyi Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 102600, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Deyi Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 102600, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexiang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Feilong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Deyi Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 102600, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Liu Z, Liu W, Han M, Wang M, Li Y, Yao Y, Duan Y. A comprehensive review of natural product-derived compounds acting on P2X7R: The promising therapeutic drugs in disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155334. [PMID: 38554573 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is known to play a significant role in regulating various pathological processes associated with immune regulation, neuroprotection, and inflammatory responses. It has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of diseases. In addition to chemically synthesized small molecule compounds, natural products have gained attention as an important source for discovering compounds that act on the P2X7R. PURPOSE To explore the research progress made in the field of natural product-derived compounds that act on the P2X7R. METHODS The methods employed in this review involved conducting a thorough search of databases, include PubMed, Web of Science and WIKTROP, to identify studies on natural product-derived compounds that interact with P2X7R. The selected studies were then analyzed to categorize the compounds based on their action on the receptor and to evaluate their therapeutic applications, chemical properties, and pharmacological actions. RESULTS The natural product-derived compounds acting on P2X7R can be classified into three categories: P2X7R antagonists, compounds inhibiting P2X7R expression, and compounds regulating the signaling pathway associated with P2X7R. Moreover, highlight the therapeutic applications, chemical properties and pharmacological actions of these compounds, and indicate areas that require further in-depth study. Finally, discuss the challenges of the natural products-derived compounds exploration, although utilizing compounds from natural products for new drug research offers unique advantages, problems related to solubility, content, and extraction processes still exist. CONCLUSION The detailed information in this review will facilitate further development of P2X7R antagonists and potential therapeutic strategies for P2X7R-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Liu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Wenjin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengyao Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Yinchao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yongfang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Pingyuan Laboratory (Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Nogalska W, Maszewska Z, Maleszka M, Dobroń M, Szary A, Kępa A, Żarowski M, Hojan K, Lukowicz M, Cielecka-Piontek J. The Use of Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa in the Treatment of Epilepsy, Painful Conditions, and Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5749. [PMID: 38891938 PMCID: PMC11171823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders present a wide range of symptoms and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Cannabis sativa, with its diverse chemical composition, offers potential therapeutic benefits due to its anticonvulsive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Beyond cannabinoids, cannabis contains terpenes and polyphenols, which synergistically enhance its pharmacological effects. Various administration routes, including vaporization, oral ingestion, sublingual, and rectal, provide flexibility in treatment delivery. This review shows the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis in managing neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, and painful pathologies. Drawing from surveys, patient studies, and clinical trials, it highlights the potential of cannabis in alleviating symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving overall quality of life for patients. Understanding the diverse therapeutic mechanisms of cannabis can open up possibilities for using this plant for individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Wiktoria Nogalska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Zofia Maszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Mateusz Maleszka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Maria Dobroń
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Szary
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kępa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Marcin Żarowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewski 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Hojan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swięcickiego 6, 61-847 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Lukowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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Li H, Puopolo T, Seeram NP, Liu C, Ma H. Anti-Ferroptotic Effect of Cannabidiol in Human Skin Keratinocytes Characterized by Data-Independent Acquisition-Based Proteomics. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1493-1499. [PMID: 38373879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Skin cells are susceptible to oxidative stress and various types of cell death, including an iron-dependent form known as ferroptosis. Cannabidiol (CBD) can protect skin cells against oxidative stress, but whether this is attributed to the inhibition of ferroptosis is unknown. Herein, we evaluated the anti-ferroptotic effect of CBD in human keratinocytes using biochemical assays (radical scavenging and iron chelating) and cell-based models (for lipid peroxidation and intracellular iron). CBD's anti-ferroptotic effect was further characterized by proteomic analysis. This study identifies anti-ferroptosis as a mechanism of CBD's skin protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Tess Puopolo
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Naya NM, Kelly J, Hogwood A, Abbate A, Toldo S. Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024. [PMID: 38703078 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2351513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabidiol (CBD) is the primary non-psychoactive chemical derived from Cannabis Sativa, and its growing popularity is due to its potential therapeutic properties while avoiding the psychotropic effects of other phytocannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Numerous pre-clinical studies in cellular and animal models and human clinical trials have demonstrated a positive impact of CBD on physiological and pathological processes. Recently, the FDA approved its use for the treatment of seizures, and clinical trials to test the efficacy of CBD in myocarditis and pericarditis are ongoing. AREAS COVERED We herein reviewed the current literature on the reported effects of CBD in the cardiovascular system, highlighting the physiological effects and the outcomes of using CBD as a therapeutic tool in pathological conditions to address this significant global health concern. EXPERT OPINION The comprehensive examination of the literature emphasizes the potential of CBD as a therapeutic option for treating cardiovascular diseases through its anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidant properties in different conditions such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Martinez Naya
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jazmin Kelly
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Austin Hogwood
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Lyu P, Li H, Wan J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Wu P, Wan Y, Seeram NP, Chamcheu JC, Liu C, Ma H. Bipiperidinyl Derivatives of Cannabidiol Enhance Its Antiproliferative Effects in Melanoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:478. [PMID: 38671925 PMCID: PMC11047683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis and its major cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) are reported to exhibit anticancer activity against skin tumors. However, the cytotoxic effects of other minor cannabinoids and synthetic CBD derivatives in melanoma are not fully elucidated. Herein, the antiproliferative activity of a panel of phytocannabinoids was screened against murine (B16F10) and human (A375) melanoma cells. CBD was the most cytotoxic natural cannabinoid with respective IC50 of 28.6 and 51.6 μM. Further assessment of the cytotoxicity of synthetic CBD derivatives in B16F10 cells identified two bipiperidinyl group-bearing derivatives (22 and 34) with enhanced cytotoxicity (IC50 = 3.1 and 8.5 μM, respectively). Furthermore, several cell death assays including flow cytometric (for apoptosis and ferroptosis) and lactate dehydrogenase (for pyroptosis) assays were used to characterize the antiproliferative activity of CBD and its bipiperidinyl derivatives. The augmented cytotoxicity of 22 and 34 in B16F10 cells was attributed to their capacity to promote apoptosis (as evidenced by increased apoptotic population). Taken together, this study supports the notion that CBD and its derivatives are promising lead compounds for cannabinoid-based interventions for melanoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Lyu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Junzhao Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (P.L.); (H.L.)
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Cui Sun M, Otálora-Alcaraz A, Prenderville JA, Downer EJ. Toll-like receptor signalling as a cannabinoid target. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116082. [PMID: 38438052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have become a focus in biomedicine and biomedical research given the roles of this unique family of innate immune proteins in immune activation, infection, and autoimmunity. It is evident that TLR dysregulation, and subsequent alterations in TLR-mediated inflammatory signalling, can contribute to disease pathogenesis, and TLR targeted therapies are in development. This review highlights evidence that cannabinoids are key regulators of TLR signalling. Cannabinoids include component of the plant Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa), synthetic and endogenous ligands, and overall represent a class of compounds whose therapeutic potential and mechanism of action continues to be elucidated. Cannabinoid-based medicines are in the clinic, and are furthermore under intense investigation for broad clinical development to manage symptoms of a range of disorders. In this review, we present an overview of research evidence that signalling linked to a range of TLRs is targeted by cannabinoids, and such cannabinoid mediated effects represent therapeutic avenues for further investigation. First, we provide an overview of TLRs, adaptors and key signalling events, alongside a summary of evidence that TLRs are linked to disease pathologies. Next, we discuss the cannabinoids system and the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics. Finally, for the bulk of this review, we systematically outline the evidence that cannabinoids (plant-derived cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endogenous cannabinoid ligands) can cross-talk with innate immune signalling governed by TLRs, focusing specifically on each member of the TLR family. Cannabinoids should be considered as key regulators of signalling controlled by TLRs, and such regulation should be a major focus in terms of the anti-inflammatory propensity of the cannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Cui Sun
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Almudena Otálora-Alcaraz
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jack A Prenderville
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Transpharmation Ireland Limited, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eric J Downer
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Zhu Y, Tang H, Zhao H, Lu J, Lin K, Ni J, Zhao B, Wu G, Tan C. Vinpocetine represses the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by mediating inflammasome components via NF-κB signaling. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2024; 47:366-376. [PMID: 37562770 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasome activation is known to be involved in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Vinpocetine is a derivative of vincamine and is reported to suppress the activation of inflammasome. METHODS This study explored the therapeutical potential of Vinpocetine on NASH. Mice were fed with a choline-deficient (MCD) or chow diet in the presence or absence of Vinpocetine for 8 weeks. H&E staining and biochemical assays were determined to evaluate the hepatic steatosis and fibrosis symptoms. In addition, primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were isolated and induced by MCD or lipopolysaccharides/cholesterol crystals with or without Vinpocetine. ELISAs, qPCR, and Western blotting were applied to determine the levels of NASH-related biomarkers in both in vivo mouse model and in vitro cell models. RESULTS Treatment of Vinpocetine did not cause observable side effects against and MCD-induced cells and mouse NASH model. However, treatment of Vinpocetine ameliorated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and suppressed the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transferase in the mouse NASH model. In addition, treatment of Vinpocetine suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of inflammasome components both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Vinpocetine suppressed NASH in mice by mediating inflammasome components via nuclear factor κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangnan University Medical Center (JUMC), No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangnan University Medical Center (JUMC), No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangnan University Medical Center (JUMC), No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangnan University Medical Center (JUMC), No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangnan University Medical Center (JUMC), No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingbin Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangnan University Medical Center (JUMC), No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangnan University Medical Center (JUMC), No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaojue Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangnan University Medical Center (JUMC), No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunxiao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangnan University Medical Center (JUMC), No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China.
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Li X, Mai K, Ai Q. Palmitic acid activates NLRP3 inflammasome through NF-κB and AMPK-mitophagy-ROS pathways to induce IL-1β production in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159428. [PMID: 38029958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies on marine fish showed that vegetable oils substituted for excessive fish oil increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. However, whether the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has a substantial role in fatty acid-induced IL-1β production in fish remains unclear. The associated specific mechanism is also unknown. In this study, nlrp3, caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (asc) were successfully cloned, and NLRP3 inflammasome consisted of NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC in large yellow croaker. Primary hepatocytes of fish incubated with palmitic acid (PA) exhibited the highest expression of pro-inflammatory genes (il-1β and tnfα) and NLRP3 inflammasome related genes (nlrp3, caspase-1 and asc), caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production among different treatments. Furthermore, PA-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was confirmed to require two signals: the first signal was that PA promoted the NF-κB (P65) protein into the nucleus, and NF-κB increased NLRP3 promoter activity and nlrp3 transcription. The second signal was that PA inhibited AMPK phosphorylation and decreased mitophagy by inhibiting the expression of PINK and parkin proteins, thereby damaging the mitochondria that could not be effectively cleared. Mitochondrial damage generated excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species, which activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and then induced caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production. Therefore, excessive dietary PA activated NLRP3 inflammasome through NF-κB and AMPK-mitophagy-ROS pathways to induce IL-1β production, thereby leading to inflammation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Li H, Watkins LR, Wang X. Microglia in neuroimmunopharmacology and drug addiction. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02443-6. [PMID: 38302560 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic and debilitating disease that is considered a global health problem. Various cell types in the brain are involved in the progression of drug addiction. Recently, the xenobiotic hypothesis has been proposed, which frames substances of abuse as exogenous molecules that are responded to by the immune system as foreign "invaders", thus triggering protective inflammatory responses. An emerging body of literature reveals that microglia, the primary resident immune cells in the brain, play an important role in the progression of addiction. Repeated cycles of drug administration cause a progressive, persistent induction of neuroinflammation by releasing microglial proinflammatory cytokines and their metabolic products. This contributes to drug addiction via modulation of neuronal function. In this review, we focus on the role of microglia in the etiology of drug addiction. Then, we discuss the dynamic states of microglia and the correlative and causal evidence linking microglia to drug addiction. Finally, possible mechanisms of how microglia sense drug-related stimuli and modulate the addiction state and how microglia-targeted anti-inflammation therapies affect addiction are reviewed. Understanding the role of microglia in drug addiction may help develop new treatment strategies to fight this devastating societal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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13
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Chu FX, Wang X, Li B, Xu LL, Di B. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a vital player in inflammation and mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:227-242. [PMID: 38191853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome is a vital player in the emergence of inflammation. The priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major trigger for inflammation which is a defense response against adverse stimuli. However, the excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can lead to the development of various inflammatory diseases. Cannabidiol, as the second-most abundant component in cannabis, has a variety of pharmacological properties, particularly anti-inflammation. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol has a lower affinity for cannabinoid receptors, which may be the reason why it is not psychoactive. Notably, the mechanism by which cannabidiol exerts its anti-inflammatory effect is still unclear. METHODS We have performed a literature review based on published original and review articles encompassing the NLRP3 inflammasome and cannabidiol in inflammation from central databases, including PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In this review, we first summarize the composition and activation process of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Then, we list possible molecular mechanisms of action of cannabidiol. Next, we explain the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabidiol in inflammatory disorders. Finally, we emphasize the capacity of cannabidiol to suppress inflammation by blocking the NLRP3 signaling pathway, which indicates that cannabidiol is a quite promising anti-inflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xin Chu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bo Li
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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14
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Puopolo T, Chen Y, Ma H, Liu C, Seeram NP. Exploring immunoregulatory properties of a phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract through integrated proteomics and in vitro assays. Food Funct 2024; 15:172-182. [PMID: 38019191 PMCID: PMC11017828 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has established a comprehensive program to investigate the phytochemical composition and nutritional/medicinal properties of phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX). Previous studies support MSX's therapeutic potential in diverse disease models, primarily through its anti-inflammatory effects. We recently demonstrated MSX's ability to regulate inflammatory signaling pathways and modulate inflammatory markers and proteins in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis mouse model. However, MSX's immunoregulatory properties remain unknown. Herein, we investigated MSX's immunoregulatory properties for the first time using an integrated approach, combining data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategies in a proteomic analysis of spleen tissue collected from the aforementioned peritonitis mouse model. Additionally, we conducted immune cell activation assays using macrophages and T lymphocytes. The DIA analysis unveiled a distinctive expression pattern involving three proteins-Krt83, Thoc2, and Vps16-which were present in both the control and MSX-treated groups but absent in the LPS-induced model group. Furthermore, proteins Ppih and Dpp9 exhibited significant reductions in the MSX-treated group. Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that MSX may modulate several critical signaling pathways, exerting a suppressive effect on immune responses in various cell types involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Our in vitro cell assays supported findings from the proteomics, revealing that MSX significantly reduced the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated human macrophage cells, as well as the levels of IL-2 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28-induced Jurkat T cells. Taken together, our investigations provide evidence that MSX exerts immune regulatory effects that impact both innate and adaptive immunity, which adds to the data supporting MSX's development as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Puopolo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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15
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Puopolo T, Cai A, Liu C, Ma H, Seeram NP. Investigating cannabinoids as P2X purinoreceptor 4 ligands by using surface plasmon resonance and computational docking. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21265. [PMID: 37920520 PMCID: PMC10618793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2X4) is an ATP-gated ion channel receptor with diverse neurophysiological functions, and P2X4 modulators hold promise as potential therapeutics for neuropathic pain, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. While several cannabinoids have been reported as modulators of purinoreceptors, their specific purinoreceptor-binding characteristics remain elusive. In this study, we established a comprehensive workflow that included a binding screening platform and a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) competitive assay, complemented by computational docking, to identify potential P2X4 binders among a panel of twenty-eight cannabinoids. Through SPR, we determined the binding affinities of cannabinoids (KD values ranging from 3.4 × 10-4 M to 1 × 10-6 M), along with two known P2X4 antagonists, BX430 (KD = 4.5 × 10-6 M) and 5-BDBD (KD = 7.8 × 10-6 M). The competitive SPR assay validated that BX430 and 5-BDBD acted as non-competitive binders with P2X4. In the following competitive assays, two cannabinoids including cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabivarin (CBV) were identified as competitive P2X4-binders with 5-BDBD, while the remaining cannabinoids exhibited non-competitive binding with either BX430 or 5-BDBD. Our molecular docking experiments further supported these findings, demonstrating that both CBD and CBV shared identical binding sites with residues in the 5-BDBD binding pocket on P2X4. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the P2X4-binding affinity of cannabinoids through SPR and sheds light on the interactions between cannabinoids (CBD and CBV) and P2X4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Puopolo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ang Cai
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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16
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Gojani EG, Wang B, Li DP, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Minor Cannabinoids CBC, THCV, and CBN in Human Macrophages. Molecules 2023; 28:6487. [PMID: 37764262 PMCID: PMC10534668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural response of the body to signals of tissue damage or infection caused by pathogens. However, when it becomes imbalanced, it can lead to various disorders such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular problems, neurological conditions, and diabetes. The endocannabinoid system, which is present throughout the body, plays a regulatory role in different organs and influences functions such as food intake, pain perception, stress response, glucose tolerance, inflammation, cell growth and specialization, and metabolism. Phytocannabinoids derived from Cannabis sativa can interact with this system and affect its functioning. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of three minor phytocannabinoids including tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabinol (CBN) using an in vitro system. We pre-treated THP-1 macrophages with different doses of phytocannabinoids or vehicle for one hour, followed by treating the cells with 500 ng/mL of LPS or leaving them untreated for three hours. To induce the second phase of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, LPS-treated cells were further treated with 5 mM ATP for 30 min. Our findings suggest that the mitigation of the PANX1/P2X7 axis plays a significant role in the anti-inflammatory effects of THCV and CBC on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, we observed that CBC and THCV could also downregulate the IL-6/TYK-2/STAT-3 pathway. Furthermore, we discovered that CBN may exert its inhibitory impact on the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing PANX1 cleavage. Interestingly, we also found that the elevated ADAR1 transcript responded negatively to THCV and CBC in LPS-macrophages, indicating a potential involvement of ADAR1 in the anti-inflammatory effects of these two phytocannabinoids. THCV and CBN inhibit P-NF-κB, downregulating proinflammatory gene transcription. In summary, THCV, CBC, and CBN exert anti-inflammatory effects by influencing different stages of gene expression: transcription, post-transcriptional regulation, translation, and post-translational regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (E.G.G.); (B.W.); (D.-P.L.)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (E.G.G.); (B.W.); (D.-P.L.)
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17
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Pénzes Z, Alimohammadi S, Horváth D, Oláh A, Tóth BI, Bácsi A, Szöllősi AG. The dual role of cannabidiol on monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240800. [PMID: 37680639 PMCID: PMC10482398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracts and compounds isolated from hemp (Cannabis sativa) are increasingly gaining popularity in the treatment of a number of diseases, with topical formulations for dermatological conditions leading the way. Phytocannabinoids such as ( )-cannabidiol, ( )-cannabinol and ( )-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (CBD, CBN, and THCV, respectively), are present in variable amounts in the plant, and have been shown to have mostly anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, albeit dominantly in murine models. The role of phytocannabinoids in regulating responses of dendritic cells (DCs) remains unclear. Methods Our research aimed to investigate the effects of CBD, CBN, and THCV on human DCs differentiated from monocytes (moDCs). moDCs were treated with up to 10 μM of each phytocannabinoid, and their effects on viability, differentiation, and maturation were assessed both alone, and in conjunction with TLR agonists. The effects of CBD on cytokine production, T cell activation and polarization as well as the transcriptome of moDCs was also determined. Results Phytocannabinoids did not influence the viability of moDCs up to 10 μM, and only CBD had effects on maturational markers of moDCs, and neither compound influenced LPS-induced activation at 10 μM. Since only CBD had measurable effects on moDCs, in our subsequent experiments we tested the effect only of that pCB. On moDCs differentiated in the presence of CBD subsequent activation by LPS induced a markedly different, much more tolerogenic response. CBD-treated moDCs also produced significantly more interleukin (IL)-6, TNFα and, importantly, IL-10 in response to LPS, which shows a shift toward anti-inflammatory signaling, as well as a more robust secretory response in general. To rule out the possibility that these effects of CBD are specific to TLR4 signaling, we determined the effect of CBD on TLR7/8-induced maturation as well, and saw similar, although less marked responses. CBD-treated moDCs were also less efficient at activating naïve T cells after LPS stimulation, further supporting the tolerogenic effect of this phytocannabinoid on moDCs. Reactome pathway analysis showed an inflammatory response to LPS in moDCs, and to a lesser extent to CBD as well. In contrast CBD-treated moDCs responded to LPS with a shift towards a more tolerogenic phenotype, as IL-10 signaling was the most prominently induced pathway in this group. Discussion Our results show that CBD achieves an anti-inflammatory effect on adaptive immune responses only in the presence of an activating stimuli on moDCs by reprogramming cells during long-term treatment, and not through acute, short-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Pénzes
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Shahrzad Alimohammadi
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dorottya Horváth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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18
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Martinez Naya N, Kelly J, Corna G, Golino M, Abbate A, Toldo S. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Action of Cannabidiol. Molecules 2023; 28:5980. [PMID: 37630232 PMCID: PMC10458707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is the primary non-psychoactive chemical from Cannabis Sativa, a plant used for centuries for both recreational and medicinal purposes. CBD lacks the psychotropic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and has shown great therapeutic potential. CBD exerts a wide spectrum of effects at a molecular, cellular, and organ level, affecting inflammation, oxidative damage, cell survival, pain, vasodilation, and excitability, among others, modifying many physiological and pathophysiological processes. There is evidence that CBD may be effective in treating several human disorders, like anxiety, chronic pain, psychiatric pathologies, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. Multiple cellular and pre-clinical studies using animal models of disease and several human trials have shown that CBD has an overall safe profile. In this review article, we summarize the pharmacokinetics data, the putative mechanisms of action of CBD, and the physiological effects reported in pre-clinical studies to give a comprehensive list of the findings and major effects attributed to this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Martinez Naya
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (N.M.N.); (J.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Jazmin Kelly
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (N.M.N.); (J.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Giuliana Corna
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 22903, USA; (G.C.); (M.G.)
- Interventional Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1199, Argentina
| | - Michele Golino
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 22903, USA; (G.C.); (M.G.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 2110 Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (N.M.N.); (J.K.); (A.A.)
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 22903, USA; (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (N.M.N.); (J.K.); (A.A.)
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Ebadi SR, Saleki K, Adl Parvar T, Rahimi N, Aghamollaii V, Ranji S, Tafakhori A. The effect of cannabidiol on seizure features and quality of life in drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy patients: a triple-blind controlled trial. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1143783. [PMID: 37470002 PMCID: PMC10352113 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1143783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment-resistant epileptic seizures are associated with reduced quality of life (QoL). As polypharmacy with routine antiseizure medications has many side effects, novel add-on treatments are necessary. Recent research showed the efficacy of add-on therapy by cannabidiol (CBD) on refractory epilepsy. We attempted to extend data on the efficacy and safety profile of CBD in patients with frontal lobe treatment-resistant epilepsy. Methods A total of 27 patients were recruited into two CBD (n = 12) and placebo (n = 15) groups. The CBD group received a highly purified liposomal preparation of the drug in addition to routine antiseizure medications. The placebo group only received antiseizure medications. This experiment followed a triple-blinding protocol. Outcome measures were seizure frequency, the Chalfont seizure severity scale (CSSS), and the quality of life questionnaire score (QOLIE-31) assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Results At 4 weeks, results indicated that a higher fraction of patients in the CBD group (66.67%) showed improvement in seizure, compared to the placebo group (20.00%). Before-after comparison revealed that CBD, unlike routine ADEs, was effective in reducing the occurrence of seizures at the study's final timepoint [mean difference 45.58, 95% CI (8.987 to 82.18), p = 0.009]. Seizure severity was not affected by study groups or time intervals (repeated-measures ANOVA p > 0.05). Post-hoc tests found that the QoLI-31 score was improved at 8 weeks compared to baseline [mean diff. -5.031, 95% CI (-9.729 to -0.3328), p = 0.032]. The difference in cases who experienced enhanced QoL was meaningful between the CBD and placebo groups at 8 weeks [RR: 2.160, 95% CI (1.148 to 4.741), p = 0.018] but not at 4 weeks (p = 0.653). A positive finding for QoL improvement was associated with a positive finding for seizure frequency reduction [r = 0.638, 95% CI (0.296 to 0.835), p = 0.001]. Interestingly, limiting the correlation analysis to cases receiving CBD indicated that QoL improvement was not linked with seizure parameters such as severity and frequency (p > 0.05). Conclusion The present study suggests the benefit of a purified and highly efficient preparation of CBD for seizure frequency reduction and improvement of QoL in refractory frontal lobe epilepsy. Further study with longer follow-ups and larger sample size is advised. Clinical trial registration https://www.irct.ir/trial/56790, identifier: IRCT20210608051515N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Reza Ebadi
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Saleki
- School of Management and Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tanin Adl Parvar
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Rahimi
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Aghamollaii
- Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Division, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ranji
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Bellocchio L, Patano A, Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G, Isacco CG, de Ruvo E, Rapone B, Mancini A, Lorusso F, Scarano A, Malcangi G, Inchingolo AM. Cannabidiol for Oral Health: A New Promising Therapeutical Tool in Dentistry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119693. [PMID: 37298644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The medical use of cannabis has a very long history. Although many substances called cannabinoids are present in cannabis, Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) are the three main cannabinoids that are most present and described. CBD itself is not responsible for the psychotropic effects of cannabis, since it does not produce the typical behavioral effects associated with the consumption of this drug. CBD has recently gained growing attention in modern society and seems to be increasingly explored in dentistry. Several subjective findings suggest some therapeutic effects of CBD that are strongly supported by research evidence. However, there is a plethora of data regarding CBD's mechanism of action and therapeutic potential, which are in many cases contradictory. We will first provide an overview of the scientific evidence on the molecular mechanism of CBD's action. Furthermore, we will map the recent developments regarding the possible oral benefits of CBD. In summary, we will highlight CBD's promising biological features for its application in dentistry, despite exiting patents that suggest the current compositions for oral care as the main interest of the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation, University of Bordeaux, 33063 Bordeaux, France
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta de Ruvo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Biagio Rapone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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21
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Yndart Arias A, Kolishetti N, Vashist A, Madepalli L, Llaguno L, Nair M. Anti-inflammatory effects of CBD in human microglial cell line infected with HIV-1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7376. [PMID: 37147420 PMCID: PMC10162654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a chronic inflammatory stage and continuous activation of inflammasome pathway. We studied the anti-inflammatory effects of the compound cannabidiol (CBD) in comparison with Δ (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ(9)-THC] in human microglial cells (HC69.5) infected with HIV. Our results showed that CBD reduced the production of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as MIF, SERPIN E1, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, MCP-1, CXCL1, CXCL10, and IL-1 β compared to Δ(9)-THC treatment. In addition, CBD led to the deactivation of caspase 1, reduced NLRP3 gene expression which play a crucial role in the inflammasome cascade. Furthermore, CBD significantly reduced the expression of HIV. Our study demonstrated that CBD has anti-inflammatory properties and exhibits significant therapeutic potential against HIV-1 infections and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yndart Arias
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Arti Vashist
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Lakshmana Madepalli
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Lorgeleys Llaguno
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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22
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CB2R activation ameliorates late adolescent chronic alcohol exposure-induced anxiety-like behaviors during withdrawal by preventing morphological changes and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in prefrontal cortex microglia in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:60-79. [PMID: 36754245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol exposure (CAE) during late adolescence increases the risk of anxiety development. Alcohol-induced prefrontal cortex (PFC) microglial activation, characterized by morphological changes and increased associations with neurons, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of anxiety. Alcohol exposure increases NLRP3 inflammasome expression, increasing cytokine secretion by activated microglia. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R), an essential receptor of the endocannabinoid system, regulates microglial activation and neuroinflammatory reactions. We aimed to investigate the role of CB2R activation in ameliorating late adolescent CAE-induced anxiety-like behaviors and microglial activation in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were acclimated for 7 days and then were administered alcohol by gavage (4 g/kg, 25 % w/v) for 28 days. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with the specific CB2R agonist AM1241 1 h before alcohol treatment. Anxiety-like behaviors during withdrawal were assessed by open field test and elevated plus maze test 24 h after the last alcohol administration. Microglial activation, microglia-neuron interactions, and CB2R and NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecule expression in the PFC were measured using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical, qPCR, and Western blotting assays. Microglial morphology was evaluated by Sholl analysis and the cell body-to-total cell size index. Additionally, N9 microglia were activated by LPS in vitro, and the effects of AM1241 on NLRP3 and N9 microglial activation were investigated. RESULTS After CAE, mice exhibited severe anxiety-like behaviors during withdrawal. CAE induced obvious microglia-neuron associations, and increased expression of microglial activation markers, CB2R, and NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in the PFC. Microglia also showed marked filament retraction and reduction and cell body enlargement after CAE. AM1241 treatment ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors in CAE model mice, and it prevented microglial morphological changes, reduced microglial activation marker expression, and suppressed the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion induced by CAE. AM1241 suppressed the LPS-induced increase in NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules, IL-1β release, and M1 phenotype markers (iNOS and CD86) in N9 cell, which was reversed by CB2R antagonist treatment. CONCLUSIONS CAE caused anxiety-like behaviors in late adolescent mice at least partly by inducing microglial activation and increasing microglia-neuron associations in the PFC. CB2R activation ameliorated these effects by preventing morphological changes and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in PFC microglia.
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23
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Effects of Cannabidiol on Innate Immunity: Experimental Evidence and Clinical Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043125. [PMID: 36834537 PMCID: PMC9964491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main non-psychotropic cannabinoid derived from cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., fam. Cannabaceae). CBD has received approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome. However, CBD also has prominent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; evidence exists that it could be beneficial in chronic inflammation, and even in acute inflammatory conditions, such as those due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this work, we review available evidence concerning CBD's effects on the modulation of innate immunity. Despite the lack so far of clinical studies, extensive preclinical evidence in different models, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, and even ex vivo experiments on cells from human healthy subjects, shows that CBD exerts a wide range of inhibitory effects by decreasing cytokine production and tissue infiltration, and acting on a variety of other inflammation-related functions in several innate immune cells. Clinical studies are now warranted to establish the therapeutic role of CBD in diseases with a strong inflammatory component, such as multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases, cancer, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases.
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24
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Huang S, Li H, Xu J, Zhou H, Seeram NP, Ma H, Gu Q. Chemical constituents of industrial hemp roots and their anti-inflammatory activities. J Cannabis Res 2023; 5:1. [PMID: 36642726 PMCID: PMC9841654 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-022-00168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Cannabis have been extensively studied, phytochemicals of Cannabis roots are not well characterized. Herein, we investigated the chemical constituents of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) roots and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of phytochemicals isolated from the hemp roots extract. METHODS An ethyl acetate extract of hemp roots was subjected to a combination of chromatographic columns to isolate phytochemicals. The chemical structures of the isolates were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses (by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry). The anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemicals from hemp roots were evaluated in an anti-inflammasome assay using human monocyte THP-1 cells. RESULTS Phytochemical investigation of hemp roots extract led to the identification of 32 structurally diverse compounds including six cannabinoids (1-6), three phytosterols (26-28), four triterpenoids (22-25), five lignans (17-21), and 10 hydroxyl contained compounds (7-16), three fatty acids (29-31), and an unsaturated chain hydrocarbon (32). Compounds 14-21, 23, 27, and 32 were identified from the Cannabis species for the first time. Cannabinoids (1-5) reduced the level of cytokine tumor necrosis-alpha (by 38.2, 58.4, 47.7, 52.2, and 56.1%, respectively) and 2 and 5 also decreased the interleukin-1β production (by 42.2 and 92.4%, respectively) in a cell-based inflammasome model. In addition, non-cannabinoids including 11, 13, 20, 25, 29, and 32 also showed selective inhibition of interleukin-1β production (by 23.7, 22.5, 25.6, 78.0, 24.1, 46.6, and 25.4%, respectively) in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION The phytochemical constituent of a hemp roots extract was characterized and compounds from hemp roots exerted promising anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Li
- grid.20431.340000 0004 0416 2242Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 02881 Kingston, RI USA
| | - Jun Xu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- grid.20431.340000 0004 0416 2242Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 02881 Kingston, RI USA
| | - Hang Ma
- grid.20431.340000 0004 0416 2242Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 02881 Kingston, RI USA
| | - Qiong Gu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XResearch Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
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25
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Hartmann A, Vila-Verde C, Guimarães FS, Joca SR, Lisboa SF. The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Stress Response: Another Target for the Promiscuous Cannabidiol. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:284-308. [PMID: 35410608 PMCID: PMC10190150 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many psychiatric patients do not respond to conventional therapy. There is a vast effort to investigate possible mechanisms involved in treatment resistance, trying to provide better treatment options, and several data points toward a possible involvement of inflammatory mechanisms. Microglia, glial, and resident immune cells are involved in complex responses in the brain, orchestrating homeostatic functions, such as synaptic pruning and maintaining neuronal activity. In contrast, microglia play a major role in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cell death. Increasing evidence implicate microglia dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. The mechanisms are still unclear, but one pathway in microglia has received increased attention in the last 8 years, i.e., the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Stress response and inflammation, including microglia activation, can be attenuated by Cannabidiol (CBD). CBD has antidepressant, anti-stress, antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory, and other properties. CBD effects are mediated by direct or indirect modulation of many receptors, enzymes, and other targets. This review will highlight some findings for neuroinflammation and microglia involvement in stress-related psychiatric disorders, particularly addressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Moreover, we will discuss evidence and mechanisms for CBD effects in psychiatric disorders and animal models and address its potential effects on stress response via neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hartmann
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla Vila-Verde
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R. Joca
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP);
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sabrina F. Lisboa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP);
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26
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Puopolo T, Chang T, Liu C, Li H, Liu X, Wu X, Ma H, Seeram NP. Gram-Scale Preparation of Cannflavin A from Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) and Its Inhibitory Effect on Tryptophan Catabolism Enzyme Kynurenine-3-Monooxygenase. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101416. [PMID: 36290320 PMCID: PMC9598531 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors targeting kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme in the neurotoxic kynurenine pathway (KP), are potential therapeutics for KP metabolites-mediated neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Although phytochemicals from Cannabis (C. sativa L.) have been reported to show modulating effects on enzymes involved in the KP metabolism, the inhibitory effects of C. sativa compounds, including phytocannabinoids and non-phytocannabinoids (i.e., cannflavin A; CFA), on KMO remain unknown. Herein, CFA (purified from hemp aerial material at a gram-scale) and a series of phytocannabinoids were evaluated for their anti-KMO activity. CFA showed the most active inhibitory effect on KMO, which was comparable to the positive control Ro 61-8048 (IC50 = 29.4 vs. 5.1 μM, respectively). Furthermore, a molecular docking study depicted the molecular interactions between CFA and the KMO protein and a biophysical binding assay with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique revealed that CFA bound to the protein with a binding affinity of 4.1×10−5 M. A competitive SPR binding analysis suggested that CFA and Ro 61-8048 bind to the KMO protein in a competitive manner. Our findings show that C. sativa derived phytochemicals, including CFA, are potential KMO inhibitors, which provides insight into the development of therapeutics targeting the KP and its related pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Puopolo
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Tanran Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Huifang Li
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Yunnan Hempmon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (N.P.S.)
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (N.P.S.)
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27
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A New Lactam from Cannabis sativa. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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28
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Luo Z, He H, Tang T, Zhou J, Li H, Seeram NP, Li D, Zhang K, Ma H, Wu P. Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of Betulinic Acid Derivatives With Inhibitory Activity on Hyaluronidase and Anti-Inflammatory Effects Against Hyaluronic Acid Fragment Induced Inflammation. Front Chem 2022; 10:892554. [PMID: 35601554 PMCID: PMC9115581 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.892554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the structural modifications of pentacyclic triterpenoids including oleanolic acid resulted in enhanced hyaluronidase inhibitory activity but whether this applies to other pentacyclic triterpenoids such as betulinic acid (BA) is unknown. Herein, we synthesized BA derivatives with an α,β-unsaturated ketene moiety and evaluated for their: 1) hyaluronidase inhibitory activity and, 2) anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammation. Compared to BA, the BA derivatives exerted improved anti-hyaluronidase activity (26.3%-72.8% vs. 22.6%) and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing nitrite production in BV2 cells (3.9%-46.8% vs. 3.4%) and RAW264.7 cells (22.7%-49.2% vs. 20.4%). BA derivatives inhibited LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells (15.2%-22.4%). BA derivatives also exerted promising anti-inflammatory effects against hyaluronic acid fragment induced nitrite production (8.6%-35.6%) in THP-1 cells. BA derivatives showed augmented anti-hyaluronidase and anti-inflammatory effects but further biological evaluations using in vivo models are warranted to confirm their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Hao He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, NY, United States,School of Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Science and Technology, Jincheng, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Huifang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, NY, United States
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, NY, United States
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China,*Correspondence: Kun Zhang, ; Hang Ma, ; Panpan Wu,
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Kun Zhang, ; Hang Ma, ; Panpan Wu,
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China,*Correspondence: Kun Zhang, ; Hang Ma, ; Panpan Wu,
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Peyravian N, Deo S, Daunert S, Jimenez JJ. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Acne. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2795-2801. [PMID: 35535052 PMCID: PMC9078861 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s355489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Peyravian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joaquin J Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Correspondence: Joaquin J Jimenez, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA, Tel +1 305 243 6586, Email
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Cannabinoids Alleviate the LPS-Induced Cytokine Storm via Attenuating NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling and TYK2-Mediated STAT3 Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091391. [PMID: 35563697 PMCID: PMC9103143 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, mainly cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are the most studied group of compounds obtained from Cannabis sativa because of their several pharmaceutical properties. Current evidence suggests a crucial role of cannabinoids as potent anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases; however, the mechanisms remain largely unclear. Cytokine storm, a dysregulated severe inflammatory response by our immune system, is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic inflammatory disorders, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which results in the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we hypothesized that CBD and THC reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting key inflammatory signaling pathways. The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling has been implicated in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, which results in the release of pyroptotic cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Likewise, the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) causes increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We studied the effects of CBD and THC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human THP-1 macrophages and primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Our results revealed that CBD and, for the first time, THC significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation following LPS + ATP stimulation, leading to a reduction in the levels of IL-1β in THP-1 macrophages and HBECs. CBD attenuated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and both cannabinoids inhibited the generation of oxidative stress post-LPS. Our multiplex ELISA data revealed that CBD and THC significantly diminished the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) after LPS treatment in THP-1 macrophages and HBECs. In addition, the phosphorylation of STAT3 was significantly downregulated by CBD and THC in THP-1 macrophages and HBECs, which was in turn attributed to the reduced phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase-2 (TYK2) by CBD and THC after LPS stimulation in these cells. Overall, CBD and THC were found to be effective in alleviating the LPS-induced cytokine storm in human macrophages and primary HBECs, at least via modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and STAT3 signaling pathways. The encouraging results from this study warrant further investigation of these cannabinoids in vivo.
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Puopolo T, Liu C, Ma H, Seeram NP. Inhibitory Effects of Cannabinoids on Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzyme Activities. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2022; 5:85-94. [PMID: 35702400 PMCID: PMC9149358 DOI: 10.1159/000524086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are two cholinergic enzymes catalyzing the reaction of cleaving acetylcholine into acetate and choline at the neuromuscular junction. Abnormal hyperactivity of AChE and BChE can lead to cholinergic deficiency, which is associated with several neurological disorders including cognitive decline and memory impairments. Preclinical studies support that some cannabinoids including cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may exert pharmacological effects on the cholinergic system, but it remains unclear whether cannabinoids can inhibit AChE and BChE activities. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of a panel of cannabinoids including CBD, Δ8-THC, cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabicitran (CBT), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabinol (CBN) on AChE and BChE activities. METHODS The inhibitory effects of cannabinoids on the activities of AChE and BChE enzymes were evaluated with the Ellman method using acetyl- and butyryl-thiocholines as substrates. The inhibition mechanism of cannabinoids on AChE and BChE was studied with enzyme kinetic assays including the Lineweaver-Burk and Michaelis-Menten analyses. In addition, computational-based molecular docking experiments were performed to explore the interactions between the cannabinoids and the enzyme proteins. RESULTS Cannabinoids including CBD, Δ8-THC, CBG, CBGA, CBT, CBDV, CBC, and CBN (at 200 µM) inhibited the activities of AChE and BChE by 70.8, 83.7, 92.9, 76.7, 66.0, 79.3, 13.7, and 30.5%, and by 86.8, 80.8, 93.2, 87.1, 77.0, 78.5, 27.9, and 22.0%, respectively. The inhibitory effects of these cannabinoids (with IC50 values ranging from 85.2 to >200 µM for AChE and 107.1 to >200 µM for BChE) were less potent as compared to the positive control galantamine (IC50 1.21 and 6.86 µM for AChE and BChE, respectively). In addition, CBD, as a representative cannabinoid, displayed a competitive type of inhibition on both AChE and BChE. Data from the molecular docking studies suggested that cannabinoids interacted with several amino acid residues on the enzyme proteins, which supported their overall inhibitory effects on AChE and BChE. CONCLUSION Cannabinoids showed moderate inhibitory effects on the activities of AChE and BChE enzymes, which may contribute to their modulatory effects on the cholinergic system. Further studies using cell-based and in vivo models are warranted to evaluate whether cannabinoids' neuroprotective effects are associated with their anti-cholinesterase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Puopolo
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Laudanski K, Wain J. Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030558. [PMID: 35160010 PMCID: PMC8836924 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased usage of recreational and medically indicated cannabinoid compounds has been an undeniable reality for anesthesiologists in recent years. These compounds’ complicated pharmacology, composition, and biological effects result in challenging issues for anesthesiologists during different phases of perioperative care. Here, we review the existing formulation of cannabinoids and their biological activity to put them into the context of the anesthesia plan execution. Perioperative considerations should include a way to gauge the patient’s intake of cannabinoids, the ability to gain consent properly, and vigilance to the increased risk of pulmonary and airway problems. Intraoperative management in individuals with cannabinoid use is complicated by the effects cannabinoids have on general anesthetics and depth of anesthesia monitoring while simultaneously increasing the potential occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Postoperative planning should involve higher vigilance to the risk of postoperative strokes and acute coronary syndromes. However, most of the data are not up to date, rending definite conclusions on the importance of perioperative cannabinoid intake on anesthesia management difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Justin Wain
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.W.)
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NADPH-Oxidase, Rho-Kinase and Autophagy Mediate the (Pro)renin-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Microglial Response and Enhancement of Dopaminergic Neuron Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091340. [PMID: 34572972 PMCID: PMC8472832 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the tissue renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in tissue oxidative and inflammatory responses. Among RAS components, renin, its precursor (pro)renin and its specific receptor (PRR) have been less investigated, particularly in the brain. We previously showed the presence of PRR in neurons and glial cells in the nigrostriatal system of rodents and primates, including humans. Now, we used rat and mouse models and cultures of BV2 and primary microglial cells to study the role of PRR in microglial pro-inflammatory responses. PRR was upregulated in the nigral region, particularly in microglia during the neuroinflammatory response. In the presence of the angiotensin type-1 receptor blocker losartan, to exclude angiotensin-related effects, treatment of microglial cells with (pro)renin induces the expression of microglial pro-inflammatory markers, which is mediated by upregulation of NADPH-oxidase and Rho-kinase activities, downregulation of autophagy and upregulation of inflammasome activity. Conditioned medium from (pro)renin-treated microglia increased dopaminergic cell death relative to medium from non-treated microglia. However, these effects were blocked by pre-treatment of microglia with the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil. Activation of microglial PRR enhances the microglial pro-inflammatory response and deleterious effects of microglia on dopaminergic cells, and microglial NADPH-oxidase, Rho-Kinase and autophagy are involved in this process.
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Neuroprotective and Symptomatic Effects of Cannabidiol in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168920. [PMID: 34445626 PMCID: PMC8396349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta, leading to classical PD motor symptoms. Current therapies are purely symptomatic and do not modify disease progression. Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the main phytocannabinoids identified in Cannabis Sativa, which exhibits a large spectrum of therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, suggesting its potential as disease-modifying agent for PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic treatment with CBD (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on PD-associated neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory processes, and motor deficits in the 6-hydroxydopamine model. Moreover, we investigated the potential mechanisms by which CBD exerted its effects in this model. CBD-treated animals showed a reduction of nigrostriatal degeneration accompanied by a damping of the neuroinflammatory response and an improvement of motor performance. In particular, CBD exhibits a preferential action on astrocytes and activates the astrocytic transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), thus, enhancing the endogenous neuroprotective response of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). These results overall support the potential therapeutic utility of CBD in PD, as both neuroprotective and symptomatic agent.
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Zhou Z, Chen Y, Min HS, Wan Y, Shan H, Lin Y, Xia W, Yin F, Jiang C, Yu X. Merlin functions as a critical regulator in Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:815-823. [PMID: 34378805 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Merlin is known as a tumor suppressor, while its role in osteomyelitis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of Merlin in Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis and its underlying mechanisms. S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis mouse model was established in Merlinfl/fl Lyz2cre/+ and Merlinfl/fl Lyz2+/+ mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioassays, including quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, were conducted to determine the levels of target genes or proteins. Immunoprecipitation was applied to determine the interactions between proteins. DCAF1fl/fl mice were further crossed with Lyz2-Cre mice to establish myeloid cell conditional knockout mice (DCAF1fl/fl Lyz2cre/+ ). It was found that the level of Merlin was elevated in patients with osteomyelitis and S. aureus-infected BMDMs. Merlin deficiency in macrophages suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated the symptoms of osteomyelitis induced by S. aureus. Merlin deficiency in macrophages also suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines in BMDMs induced by LPS. The inhibitory effects of Merlin deficiency on the inflammatory response were associated with DDB1-Cul4-associated factor 1 (DCAF1). In summary, Merlin deficiency ameliorates S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis through the regulation of DCAF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanliang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hong Sung Min
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbai Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Haojie Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyang Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuli Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaolai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Ma H, Xu F, Liu C, Seeram NP. A Network Pharmacology Approach to Identify Potential Molecular Targets for Cannabidiol's Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021; 6:288-299. [PMID: 33998855 PMCID: PMC8380804 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Published preclinical and clinical studies support the anti-inflammatory activity of CBD, but the molecular targets (e.g., genes and proteins) that are involved in its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Herein, a network-based pharmacology analysis was performed to aid in the identification of potential molecular targets for CBD's anti-inflammatory activity. Materials and Methods: Target genes and proteins were obtained from several online databases, including Swiss target prediction, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and the DrugBank database. A compound-target-disease network was constructed with Cytoscape tool, and a network of protein-protein interactions was established with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database. Lead proteins identified from the compound-target-disease network were further studied for their interactions with CBD by computational docking. In addition, biological pathways involved in CBD's anti-inflammatory activity were identified with the Gene Ontology enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Results: A panel of proteins, including cellular tumor antigen p53, NF-kappa-B essential modulator, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor, transcription factor p65, NF-kappa-B p105, NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha, and epidermal growth factor receptor, were identified as lead targets involved in CBD's anti-inflammatory activity. This finding was further supported by molecular docking, which showed interactions between the lead proteins and CBD. In addition, several signaling pathways, including TNF, toll-like receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, were identified as key regulators in the mediation of CBD's anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: A network-based pharmacology analysis identified potential molecular targets and signaling pathways for CBD's anti-inflammatory activity. Findings from this study add to the growing body of data supporting the utilization of CBD as a promising anti-inflammatory natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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He H, Li H, Akanji T, Niu S, Luo Z, Li D, Seeram NP, Wu P, Ma H. Synthesis and biological evaluations of oleanolic acid indole derivatives as hyaluronidase inhibitors with enhanced skin permeability. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1665-1678. [PMID: 34309457 PMCID: PMC8317927 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1956487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural cosmeceutical compound with various skin beneficial activities including inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase but the anti-hyaluronidase activity and mechanisms of action of its synthetic analogues remain unclear. Herein, a series of OA derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase. Compared to OA, an induction of fluorinated (6c) and chlorinated (6g) indole moieties led to enhanced anti-hyaluronidase activity (IC50 = 80.3 vs. 9.97 and 9.57 µg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, spectroscopic and computational studies revealed that 6c and 6g can bind to hyaluronidase protein and alter its secondary structure leading to reduced enzyme activity. In addition, OA indole derivatives showed feasible skin permeability in a slightly acidic environment (pH = 6.5) and 6c exerted skin protective effect by reducing cellular reactive oxygen species in human skin keratinocytes. Findings from the current study support that OA indole derivatives are potential cosmeceuticals with anti-hyaluronidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Huifang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Toyosi Akanji
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Shengli Niu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhujun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Qi X, Lin W, Wu Y, Li Q, Zhou X, Li H, Xiao Q, Wang Y, Shao B, Yuan Q. CBD Promotes Oral Ulcer Healing via Inhibiting CMPK2-Mediated Inflammasome. J Dent Res 2021; 101:206-215. [PMID: 34269108 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211024528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral ulcer is a common oral inflammatory lesion accompanied by severe pain but with few effective treatments. Cannabidiol (CBD) is recently emerging for its therapeutic potential in a range of diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancers. Here we show that CBD oral spray on acid- or trauma-induced oral ulcers on mice tongue inhibits inflammation, relieves pain, and accelerates lesion closure. Notably, the enrichment of genes associated with the NOD, LRR, and NLRP3 pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway is downregulated after CBD treatment. The expression of cleaved-gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the percentage of pyroptotic cells are reduced as well. In addition, CBD decreases the expression of cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2), which subsequently inhibits the generation of oxidized mitochondria DNA and suppresses inflammasome activation. These immunomodulating effects of CBD are mostly blocked by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist and partially antagonized by CB1 receptor antagonist. Our results demonstrate that CBD accelerates oral ulcer healing by inhibiting CMPK2-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, which are mediated mostly by PPARγ in the nucleus and partially by CB1 in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - B Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Johnson CT, Bradshaw HB. Modulatory Potential of Cannabidiol on the Opioid-Induced Inflammatory Response. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021; 6:211-220. [PMID: 34115948 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are effective analgesics; however, there are many negative consequences of chronic use. One important side effect of chronic opioid use is the continuous engagement of the immune response that can exacerbate chronic pain. The opioid, morphine, initiates a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling cascade that drives the activation of NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome proteins, resulting in cytokine production and effectively creating a positive feedback loop for continuous TLR4 activation. In addition to driving cytokine production, morphine drives changes in proinflammatory lipid signaling. The alteration of both cytokine and lipid signaling systems by morphine suggests that its chronic use leads to a pathological immune response that would benefit from targeted therapy. Engaging the endogenous cannabinoid system has shown therapeutic benefit, particularly regarding its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Promising preclinical and clinical investigations suggest that cannabidiol (CBD) is an effective adjuvant for treatment of symptoms of opioid use disorders; however, the mechanism through which CBD drives this outcome is unclear. One potential source of insight into this mechanism is in how CBD regulates immune regulators such as cytokines and lipid signaling systems, including endocannabinoids and related immune-responsive lipids. In this review, we outline the immune response to chronic opioid use as well as CBD in the context of a lipopolysaccharide-induced immune response and speculate on the mechanism of CBD as a modulator of chronic opioid-induced immune system dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare T Johnson
- Department of Psychological & Brain Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Heather B Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological & Brain Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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40
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Liu C, Li H, Xu F, Jiang X, Ma H, Seeram NP. Cannabidiol Protects Human Skin Keratinocytes from Hydrogen-Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress via Modulation of the Caspase-1-IL-1β Axis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1563-1572. [PMID: 33955754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies support cannabidiol (CBD)'s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are linked to its skin protective effects, but there have been limited mechanistic studies reported. Herein we evaluated CBD's protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and explored its possible mechanism(s) of action. CBD (10 μM) protected HaCaT cells by alleviating H2O2 (200 μM)-induced cytotoxicity (by 11.3%) and reactive oxygen species (total- and mitochondrial-derived). Several NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes including CASP1 and IL1B were identified as potential molecular targets for CBD's antioxidant effects by multiplexed gene and network pharmacology analyses. CBD treatment down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of CASP1 and IL1B (by 32.9 and 51.0%, respectively) and reduced IL-1β level (by 16.2%) in H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, CBD inhibited the activity of caspase-1 enzyme (by 15.7%) via direct binding to caspase-1 protein, which was supported by data from a biophysical binding assay (surface plasmon resonance) and a computational docking experiment. In addition, CBD mitigated H2O2-induced pyroptosis (capase-1-mediated cell death) and apoptosis by 23.6 and 44.0%, respectively. The findings from the current study suggest that CBD exerts protective effects in human keratinocytes via the modulation of the caspase-1-IL-1β axis, supporting its potential skin health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Huifang Li
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Zong Y, Shan H, Yin F, Ma X, Jiang C, Wang N, Zhou L, Lin Y, Zhou Z, Yu X. Ddb1-Cullin4-Associated-Factor 1 in Macrophages Restricts the Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Osteomyelitis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1667-1676. [PMID: 33953594 PMCID: PMC8091595 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s307316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ddb1-cullin4-associated-factor 1 (DCAF1) is known to regulate protein ubiquitination, while the roles of DCAF1 in osteomyelitis remain unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of DCAF1 deficiency in macrophages on osteomyelitis and elucidate the molecular mechanism. Methods Staphylococcus aureus-induced mouse model of osteomyelitis was established on the DCAF1fl/flLyz2cre/+ and DCAF1fl/flLyz2+/+ (control) mice. Flow cytometry was conducted to analyze the populations of adaptive and innate immune cells. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were established. qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis were used to determine the levels of inflammation-related biomarkers. ELISA was used to determine the release of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF. Results The populations of immune cells in the bone marrow and spleen were not affected due to DCAF1 deficiency in macrophages. DCAF1 suppressed inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced BMDMs. Additionally, DCAF1 deficiency in macrophages induced severe symptoms including less bacterial load in the femur, cortical bone loss, and reactive bone formation. Mechanistic study revealed that DCAF1 deficiency induced p38 hyperactivation. Discussion DCAF1 in macrophages suppressed the Staphylococcus aureus-induced mouse model of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuli Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangshan First People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
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The Endocannabinoid, Anandamide, Acts as a Novel Inhibitor of LPS-Induced Inflammasome Activation in Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cell Line: Involvement of CB1 and TRPV1 Receptors. Mediators Inflamm 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6698049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation is a pivotal step for the maturation of IL-1β, which is involved in the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Endocannabinoids, such as anandamide (AEA), are emerging as new anticancer therapeutic agents; however, their effects on inflammasome components and underlying mechanisms have not been well elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the effects of AEA on the expression of inflammasome components in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated AGS cells. Moreover, we explored the involvement of cannabinoid receptors (CRs), including CB1R and TRPV1R, in the observed effects of AEA. Our results showed that inflammation was induced by LPS (10 μg/ml) in AGS cells, and inflammasome components (NLRP3, MLRC4, ASC, IL-18, and IL-1β) were overexpressed. Exposure to AEA (10 μM, 24 h) before or after inflammation induction downregulated the expression of inflammasome components and attenuated inflammasome activation as demonstrated by cleavage of caspase 1 and matured IL-1β secretion, although AEA pretreatment showed more reducing effects on the inflammasome activation. In addition, blocking of CB1R and TRPV1R by application of AM-251 and AMG-9810 antagonists remarkably reversed the observed effects of AEA and revealed that NLRP3, NLRC4, and IL-1β genes were mainly regulated via CB1R, while TRPV1R could only regulate the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 genes. In conclusion, our results would indicate a novel anticancer effect of anandamide by attenuation of inflammasome activation and consequently reducing IL-1β production in human AGS cancer cell line via CB1R and TRPV1R.
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Tomczyk M, Tomaszewska-Zaremba D, Bochenek J, Herman A, Herman AP. Anandamide Influences Interleukin-1β Synthesis and IL-1 System Gene Expressions in the Ovine Hypothalamus during Endo-Toxin-Induced Inflammation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020484. [PMID: 33673103 PMCID: PMC7918765 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pro-inflammatory cytokines are considered to be one of the most important mediators affecting the function of central nervous system during an immune/inflammatory challenge. It was found that in acting on different hypothalamic nuclei, pro-inflammatory cytokines influence the centrally regulated processes including reproduction. Recently, it has been shown that the endocannabinoid system and endogenous cannabinoids may attenuate the inflammatory response. Therefore, in our study we examined the influence of anandamide, one of the earliest known endocannabinoids, on the synthesis of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-1 system gene expressions in the hypothalamic structures involved in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-ergic activity, and thus the central control of reproduction, during immune stress induced by endotoxin injection. It was found that anandamide inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated synthesis of IL-1β in the hypothalamus, likely affecting posttranscriptional levels of this cytokine synthesis. Anti-inflammatory effect of anandamide at the level of central nervous system might also result from its stimulating action on IL-1 antagonist and IL-1 type II receptor gene expression. This study suggests the potential of endocannabinoids and/or their metabolites in the inhibition of inflammatory process at the level of the central nervous system, as well as their usefulness in the therapy of inflammation-induced neuroendocrine disorders, but further detailed research is required to investigate this issue. Abstract This study evaluated the effect of anandamide (AEA) on interleukin (IL)-1β synthesis and gene expression of IL-1β, its type I (IL-1R1) and II (IL-1R2) receptors, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) in the hypothalamic structures, involved in the central control of reproduction, during inflammation. Animals were intravenously (i.v.) injected with bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (400 ng/kg) or saline, and two hours after LPS administration., a third group received i.v. injection of AEA (10 μg/kg). Ewes were euthanized one hour later. AEA injection (p < 0.05) suppressed LPS-induced expression of IL-1β protein in the hypothalamus. The gene expression of IL-1β, IL-1RN, and IL-1R2 in the hypothalamic structures was higher (p < 0.05) in animals treated with both LPS and AEA in comparison to other experimental groups. AEA administration did not influence LPS-stimulated IL-1R1 gene expression. Our study shows that AEA suppressed IL-1β synthesis in the hypothalamus, likely affecting posttranscriptional levels of this cytokine synthesis. However, anti-inflammatory effect of AEA might also result from its stimulating action on IL-1RN and IL-1R2 gene expression. These results indicate the potential of endocannabinoids and/or their metabolites in the inhibition of inflammatory process at the level of central nervous system, and therefore their usefulness in the therapy of inflammation-induced neuroendocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tomczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bochenek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Anna Herman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw School of Engineering and Health, 02-366 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej P. Herman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.T.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-22-7653300
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Suryavanshi SV, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. Cannabinoids as Key Regulators of Inflammasome Signaling: A Current Perspective. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613613. [PMID: 33584697 PMCID: PMC7876066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic inflammatory signaling protein complexes that detect microbial materials, sterile inflammatory insults, and certain host-derived elements. Inflammasomes, once activated, promote caspase-1–mediated maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Current advances in inflammasome research support their involvement in the development of chronic inflammatory disorders in contrast to their role in regulating innate immunity. Cannabis (marijuana) is a natural product obtained from the Cannabis sativa plant, and pharmacologically active ingredients of the plant are referred to as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids and cannabis extracts have recently emerged as promising novel drugs for chronic medical conditions. Growing evidence indicates the potent anti-inflammatory potential of cannabinoids, especially Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and synthetic cannabinoids; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Several attempts have been made to decipher the role of cannabinoids in modulating inflammasome signaling in the etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss recently published evidence on the effect of cannabinoids on inflammasome signaling. We also discuss the contribution of various cannabinoids in human diseases concerning inflammasome regulation. Lastly, in the milieu of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we confer available evidence linking inflammasome activation to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 suggesting overall, the importance of cannabinoids as possible drugs to target inflammasome activation in or to support the treatment of a variety of human disorders including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Peyravian N, Deo S, Daunert S, Jimenez JJ. Cannabidiol as a Novel Therapeutic for Immune Modulation. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:131-140. [PMID: 32903924 PMCID: PMC7445536 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s263690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune-suppressive effects of cannabidiol (CBD) are attributed to the modulation of essential immunological signaling pathways and receptors. Mechanistic understanding of the pharmacological effects of CBD emphasizes the therapeutic potential of CBD as a novel immune modulator. Studies have observed that the antagonists of CB1 and CB2 receptors and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 reverse the immunomodulatory effects of CBD. CBD also inhibits critical activators of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway, as well as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway, in turn decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, CBD protects against cellular damage incurred during immune responses by modulating adenosine signaling. Ultimately, the data overwhelmingly support the immunosuppressive effects of CBD and this timely review draws attention to the prospective development of CBD as an effective immune modulatory therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Peyravian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,University of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joaquin J Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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