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Wu GX, Zhao HY, Peng C, Liu F, Xiong L. Eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids: Structural diversity and biological activity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35270. [PMID: 39170406 PMCID: PMC11336486 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids are integral constituents of terpenoid-bearing plants, comprising a diverse and abundant class of natural compounds, among which eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids have bicyclic structures that feature the fusion of two six-membered carbon rings, thereby attracting considerable attention. They are widespread in nature, with multifaceted biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and insecticidal activities, thus gaining focus in life science research. The discovery and identification of these active compounds have laid a foundation for unraveling their potential medicinal value. In this review, we comprehensively explore the natural eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids isolated (totaling 391 compounds) between 2016 and 2022, elucidating their chemical structures, plant distribution patterns, and pertinent biological properties. Accordingly, the study serves not only as a framework for researchers to thoroughly comprehend these compounds but also as a robust reference for future endeavors aimed at exploring the pharmaceutical potential and prospective applications of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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2
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Wu Q, Liu L, Lu YB, Guo LL, Yang MN, Li HJ, Liu CM, Ye LJ, Zhang ZX, Shao YL, Fei DQ. Two Undescribed Germacrane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Salvia cavaleriei var. simplicifolia Stib. and Their Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400511. [PMID: 38538539 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Two undescribed germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, salcasins A (1) and B (2), together with three known compounds (3-5) were isolated and identified from the whole plant of Salvia cavaleriei var. simplicifolia Stib. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, such as HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were established by analyzing their NOESY spectra as well as by 13C NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comparing experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-Alzheimer's disease activities of 1-5 were evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans AD pathological model. Among all isolated compounds, salcasin A (1) significantly delayed AD-like symptoms of worm paralysis, which may be a potential anti-AD candidate agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Le-Le Guo
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Mi-Na Yang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Li
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jia Ye
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Liang Shao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Fei
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang S, Xiang LJ, Long XX, Guo LJ, Wei X, Zhou YQ, Feng TT, Zhou Y, Yin X. Anti-Inflammatory and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Triterpenoid with Diverse Carbon Skeletons from the Fruits of Rosa roxburghii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11503-11514. [PMID: 38634424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The fruits of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. are edible nutritional food with high medicinal value and have been traditionally used as Chinese folk medicine for a long time. In this study, 26 triterpenoids including four new pentacyclic triterpenoids, roxbuterpenes A-D (1, 4, 5, and 24), along with 22 known analogues (2, 3, 6-23, 25, and 26), were isolated from the fruits of R. roxburghii. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (including IR, HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopy). The absolute configuration of roxbuterpene A (1) was determined by an X-ray crystallographic analysis. This is the first report of the crystal structure of 5/6/6/6/6-fused system pentacyclic triterpenoid. Notably, roxbuterpenes A and B (1 and 4) possessed the A-ring contracted triterpenoid and nortriterpenoid skeletons with a rare 5/6/6/6/6-fused system, respectively. Compounds 1-7, 11, 13-15, 18-20, 24, and 25 exhibited moderate or potent inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. Compounds 2, 4, 6, 11, and 14 showed strong activities against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 8.4 ± 1.6, 7.3 ± 2.2, 13.6 ± 1.4, 0.9 ± 0.4, and 12.5 ± 2.4 μM, respectively (positive control acarbose, 10.1 ± 0.8 μM). Compounds 13, 14, and 16 moderately inhibited the release of NO (nitric oxide) with IC50 values ranging from 25.1 ± 2.0 to 51.4 ± 3.1 μM. Furthermore, the expressions of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) were detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and compounds 13, 14, and 16 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on TNF-α and IL-6 release in a dose-dependent manner ranging from 12.5 to 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Xiang Long
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Jiao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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Zhu L, Sun Y, Ullah N, Zhang G, Liu H, Xu L. UBC Gene Family Analysis in Salvia castanea and Roles of ScUBC2/5 Genes under Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1353. [PMID: 38794424 PMCID: PMC11125094 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Salvia castanea Diels, a relative of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, belongs to the genus Salvia and family Lamiaceae. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBC) is an important ubiquitin-binding enzyme in protein ubiquitination. This study aimed to analyze the regulatory role of UBC genes, particularly ScUBC2/5, on the growth and adaptation of S. castanea to extreme environments including cold or drought stress. We identified nine UBC genes in S. castanea and found that these genes were extremely stable and more highly expressed in the roots than other tissues. This suggested that UBC genes might play a role in promoting root adaptation to cold and dry environments. Further analysis of UBC gene expression in hairy roots under cold (4 °C) and UV stress also confirmed their importance under stress. The contents of tanshinone and salvianolic acid in hairy roots with the overexpression of ScUBC2/5 were increased compared to non-transgenic wild type, and the cold and UV resistance of hairy roots was increased compared with that of wild type. Together, these findings highlighted the role of ScUBC2/5 in enhancing secondary metabolite accumulation and regulation in response to cold and ultraviolet stress in S. castanea, providing a new perspective for genetic improvement in its phytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyi Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yuee Sun
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Faculty of Science, UWA Institute of Agriculture, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (G.Z.)
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5
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Sun Y, Xin J, Xu Y, Wang X, Zhao F, Niu C, Liu S. Research Progress on Sesquiterpene Compounds from Artabotrys Plants of Annonaceae. Molecules 2024; 29:1648. [PMID: 38611927 PMCID: PMC11013193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Artabotrys, a pivotal genus within the Annonaceae family, is renowned for its extensive biological significance and medicinal potential. The genus's sesquiterpene compounds have attracted considerable interest from the scientific community due to their structural complexity and diverse biological activities. These compounds exhibit a range of biological activities, including antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory analgesic, and anti-tumor properties, positioning them as promising candidates for medical applications. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the variety, species, and structural characteristics of sesquiterpene compounds isolated from Artabotrys plants. Furthermore, it delves into their pharmacological activities and underlying mechanisms, offering a comprehensive foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Jianzeng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Yaxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Changshan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
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6
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Ning Z, Hu B, Sun YY, Ding JF, Han XY, Lu XL, Yin ZF, He Y, Jiao BH, Yu HB, Liu XY. Eutypellaolides A-J, Sesquiterpene diversity expansion of the polar fungus Eutypella sp. D-1. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1349151. [PMID: 38333587 PMCID: PMC10850561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Eight new 12,8-eudesmanolide sesquiterpenes, eutypellaolides A-H (1-8), and two new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, eutypellaolides I-J (9-10), along with four known 12,8-eudesmanolide compounds 11-14, were isolated from the culture extract of the polar fungus Eutypella sp. D-1 by one strain many compounds (OSMAC) approach. The structures of these compounds were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic data and experimental and calculated ECD analysis. Antibacterial, immunosuppressive, and PTP1B inhibition activities of these compounds were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 11 exhibited strong inhibitory activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, with each showing an MIC value of 2 μg/mL. Compound 9 displayed weak immunosuppressive activity against ConA-induced T-cell proliferation with an inhibitory rate of 61.7% at a concentration of 19.8 μM. Compounds 5, 11, and 14 exhibited weak PTP1B inhibition activities with IC50 values of 44.8, 43.2, and 49.5 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ning
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Feng Ding
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Han
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Fei Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Bing Yu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zhang J, Li W, Zhang B, Zhang G, Liu C. Screening of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors from natural products via origami microfluidic paper-based analytical devices with colorimetric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115833. [PMID: 37926038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the screening of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on an origami microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) using colorimetric detection. The hydrolysis product reacts with ninhydrin, resulting in a purple color at the detection zones. Images of the μPADs are captured using a common cell phone and analyzed with Photoshop software. This platform allows six independent colorimetric reactions to take place simultaneously, and the IC50 values can be obtained in a single run within 22 min. The relative standard deviations of inhibition efficiencies are generally lower than 4.0 % (n = 5). The IC50 values of captopril and five products from natural plants were obtained and corresponded well with UV methods. The relative deviations between the two methods are within the range of -5 % to +5 %. This work is a proof-of-concept successfully demonstrating the use of μPADs technology to screen enzyme inhibitors from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi' an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Medicine, Xi' an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi' an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Medicine, Xi' an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi' an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guangju Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi' an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chunye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi' an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Medicine, Xi' an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
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8
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Siridechakorn I, Bhattarakosol P, Sasivimolrattana T, Anoma S, Wongwad E, Nuengchamnong N, Kowitdamrong E, Boonyasuppayakorn S, Waranuch N. Inhibitory efficiency of Andrographis paniculata extract on viral multiplication and nitric oxide production. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19738. [PMID: 37957171 PMCID: PMC10643440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees is a medicinal plant previously reported with broad-spectrum antivirals but the mode of inhibition remains elusive. The objective of this study was to identify the most active fraction from A. paniculata ethanol extract (APE, APE-2A, APE-2B and APE-2C) and dry powder extract (APSP) against influenza A (H3N2), representing RNA viruses, and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), representing DNA viruses. The results showed that the fractions APSP, APE, APE-2B, and APE-2C directly neutralized the HSV-1 and influenza A (H3N2) when incubated at room temperature for 60 min before infecting the cells. The results also showed that the additional APE-2A fraction also directly neutralized the influenza A (H3N2), but not the HSV-1. The APE, APE-2B and APE-2C inhibited the HSV-1 by more than 0.5 log when the fractions were introduced after infection. Similarly, the APSP and APE inhibited the influenza A (H3N2) more than 0.5 log after infection. Only 50 μg/mL APE-2C inhibited the viruses greater than 0.5 log. In addition, A. paniculata extracts were also evaluated for their interfering capacities against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. As well, APE-2C potently inhibited NO production at the IC50 of 6.08 μg/mL. HPLC and LC-MS analysis indicated that the most actively antiviral fractions did not contain any andrographolide derivatives, whereas the andrographolide-rich fractions showed moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ittipon Siridechakorn
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanayod Sasivimolrattana
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sasiprapa Anoma
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Eakkaluk Wongwad
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Nitra Nuengchamnong
- Faculty of Science, Science Laboratory Centre, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Ekasit Kowitdamrong
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
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9
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Ortiz-Mendoza N, Martínez-Gordillo MJ, Martínez-Ambriz E, Basurto-Peña FA, González-Trujano ME, Aguirre-Hernández E. Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Properties of the Subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) in Inflammatory Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3752. [PMID: 37960108 PMCID: PMC10648697 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Nepetoideae is the most diverse subfamily of Lamiaceae, and some species are well known for their culinary and medicinal uses. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the therapeutic properties of the species of this group regarding inflammatory illnesses. This study aims to collect information on traditional uses through ethnobotanical, pharmacological, and phytochemical information of the subfamily Nepetoideae related to inflammatory diseases. UNAM electronic resources were used to obtain the information. The analysis of the most relevant literature was compiled and organised in tables. From this, about 106 species of the subfamily are traditionally recognised to alleviate chronic pain associated with inflammation. Pharmacological studies have been carried out in vitro and in vivo on approximately 308 species belonging to the genera Salvia, Ocimum, Thymus, Mentha, Origanum, Lavandula, and Melissa. Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluations have been performed and mostly prepared as essential oil or high polarity extracts, whose secondary metabolites are mainly of a phenolic nature. Other interesting and explored metabolites are diterpenes from the abietane, clerodane, and kaurane type; however, they have only been described in some species of the genera Salvia and Isodon. This review reveals that the Nepetoideae subfamily is an important source for therapeutics of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ortiz-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Juana Martínez-Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Martínez-Ambriz
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico;
| | | | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
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10
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Sharif Swallah M, Bondzie-Quaye P, Wang H, Shao CS, Hua P, Alrasheed Bashir M, Benjamin Holman J, Sossah FL, Huang Q. Potentialities of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as functional ingredients in food formulation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113161. [PMID: 37689913 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the recognized therapeutic characteristics of G. lucidum, it is one of the most extensively researched mushrooms as a chemopreventive agent and as a functional food. It is a known wood-degrading basidiomycete possessing numerous pharmacological functions and is termed a natural pharmacy store due to its rich number of active compounds which have proved to portray numerous therapeutic properties. This current review highlights studies on the potentialities of G. lucidum extracts as functional ingredients on organoleptic and nutritional properties of food products (e.g., dairy, wine, beverage, bakery, meat, and other products). In addition, the study delved into various aspects of encapsulated G. lucidum extracts, their morphological and rheological characteristics, prebiotic and immunomodulatory importance, the effects on apoptosis, autophagy, cancer therapy, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, antioxidant activities, and safety concerns. These findings have significant implications for the development of new products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. On the other hand, the various active compounds extracted from G. lucidum exhibited no toxic or adverse effects, and the appeal for it as a dietary food, natural remedy, and health-fortifying food is drastically increasing as well as attracting the interest of both the industrial and scientific communities. Furthermore, the formation of functional foods based on G. lucidum appears to have actual promise and exciting prospects in nutrition, food, and pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Precious Bondzie-Quaye
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Shao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Pei Hua
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mona Alrasheed Bashir
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Joseph Benjamin Holman
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Frederick Leo Sossah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Oil Palm Research Institute, Coconut Research Programme, P.O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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11
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Zhu MZ, Li Y, Zhou JC, Lv DX, Fu XJ, Liang Z, Yuan SZ, Han JJ, Zhang JZ, Xu ZJ, Chang WQ, Lou HX. Ent-eudesmane sesquiterpenoids from the Chinese liverwort Chiloscyphus polyanthus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 214:113796. [PMID: 37499849 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
- Seven previously undescribed ent-eudesmane sesquiterpenoids (1-7), as well as seven known analogs (8-14), were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Chiloscyphus polyanthus var. rivularis. Their structures were established based on comprehensive spectroscopy analysis, electronic circular dichroism calculations, as well as biosynthetic considerations. The cytotoxicity against HepG2 (Human hepatocellular carcinomas) cancer cell line, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC5314 of all isolated ent-eudesmane sesquiterpenoids were preliminarily tested, results showed that the tested compounds did not display obvious cytotoxicity and antifungal activities under the tested concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jin-Chuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Dong-Xue Lv
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Fu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shuang-Zhi Yuan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jing-Jing Han
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jiao-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Chang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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12
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Chen XH, Liu X, Cui WB, An FL, Liu L, Wu Q, Yu JN, Dai JY, Zhang ZX, Fei DQ. Highly oxygenated germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids from the whole plant of Salvia cavaleriei H.Lév. and their biological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 211:113686. [PMID: 37105352 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The entire plant Salvia cavaleriei H.Lév. (Lamiaceae) is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Its leaves are edible, and the flowers can be soaked in water to make a health-care tea. In an effort to find natural bioactive chemical components, twelve undescribed germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, salcavalins A-L, were isolated from the whole plant of S. cavaleriei and were identified as analogs. This is the first study to isolate highly oxygenated germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids from this plant. The structures of these undescribed compounds were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, and their absolute configurations were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu Kα radiation and electronic circular dichroism calculations. The biological activity of these undescribed compounds on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lipopolysaccharide induced NR8383 cells was evaluated, and salcavalins I and K showed anti-inflammatory activity to some extent. Salcavalins A-C, F and L were found to be neuroprotective with antiparkinsonic potential in a nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) model. In addition, salcavalins F and I displayed marked phytotoxic activity against radish seeds at a low concentration of 50 ppm. Our findings provide scientific justification to show that bioactive sesquiterpenoids from the edible herb have anti-inflammatory in vitro, neuroprotective and phytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wen-Bo Cui
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Feng-Li An
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jian-Ning Yu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jian-Ye Dai
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhan-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - Dong-Qing Fei
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides and their application in new drug research. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115164. [PMID: 36758451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are the ubiquitous molecules of life. In order to translate human bioglycosylation into clinical applications, homogeneous samples of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates can be obtained by chemical, enzymatic or other biological methods for systematic studies. However, the structural complexity and diversity of glycans and their conjugates present a major challenge for the synthesis of such molecules. This review summarizes the chemical synthesis methods of oligosaccharides, the application of oligosaccharides in the field of medicinal chemistry according to their related biological activities, and shows the great prospect of oligosaccharides in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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14
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Impact of Agro-Industrial Side-Streams on Sesquiterpene Production by Submerged Cultured Cerrena unicolor. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030668. [PMID: 36766196 PMCID: PMC9914794 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and harvest of essential oils depend on a large number of factors, most of which are hard to control in an open-field environment. Therefore, Basidiomycota have gained attention as a source for biotechnologically produced terpenoids. The basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor (Cun) was cultivated in submerged culture, and the production of sesquiterpenoids was analyzed via stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), followed by thermo-desorption gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (TDS-GC-MS). Identification of aroma-active sesquiterpenoids was supported by GC, coupled with an olfactory detection port (ODP). Following the ideal of a circular bioeconomy, Cun was submerged (up-scalable) cultivated, and supplemented with a variety of food industrial side-streams. The effects of the different supplementations and of pure fatty acids were evaluated by liquid extraction and analysis of the terpenoids via GC-MS. As sesquiterpenoid production was enhanced by the most by lipid-rich side-streams, a cultivation with 13C-labeled acetate was conducted. Data confirmed that lipid-rich side-streams enhanced the sesquiterpene production through an increased acetyl-CoA pool.
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15
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Xu Z, Liu H, Ullah N, Tung SA, Ali B, Li X, Chen S, Xu L. Insights into accumulation of active ingredients and rhizosphere microorganisms between Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. castanea. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad102. [PMID: 37863834 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important traditional herbal medicine, and its extracts could be used for treating cardiovascular disease. Although these medicinal compounds are functionally similar, their wild relative, S. castanea, produces significantly different concentrations of these compounds. The reason for their differences is still unknown. In a series of soil and plant-based analyses, we explored and compared the rhizosphere microbiome of S. miltiorrhiza and S. castanea. To further investigate the geographical distribution of S. castanea, MaxEnt models were used to predict the future suitable habitat areas of S. castanea in China. Results revealed the distributions and structure of the rhizosphere microbial community of S. miltiorrhiza and S. castanea at different times. In addition, differences in altitude and soil moisture resulting from changes in climate and geographical location are also critical environmental factors in the distribution of S. castanea. The findings of this study increase our understanding of plant adaptation to their geographical environment through secondary metabolites. It also highlights the complex interplay between rhizospheric factors and plant metabolism, which provides the theoretical basis for the cultivation of S. miltiorrhiza and the use of S. castanea resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shahbaz Atta Tung
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Xin Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shubin Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Ge J, Liu Z, Zhong Z, Wang L, Zhuo X, Li J, Jiang X, Ye XY, Xie T, Bai R. Natural terpenoids with anti-inflammatory activities: Potential leads for anti-inflammatory drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Uncommon Terpenoids from Salvia Species: Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Biological Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031128. [PMID: 35164392 PMCID: PMC8838292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The search for new bioactive compounds from plant sources has been and continues to be one of the most important fields of research in drug discovery. However, Natural Products research has continuously evolved, and more and more has gained a multidisciplinary character. Despite new developments of methodologies and concepts, one intriguing aspect still persists, i.e., different species belonging to the same genus can produce different secondary metabolites, whereas taxonomically different genera can produce the same compounds. The genus Salvia L. (Family Lamiaceae) comprises myriad distinct medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine worldwide that show different pharmacological activities due to the presence of a variety of interesting specialized metabolites, including mono-, sesqui-, di-, sester-, tri-, tetra-, and higher terpenoids as well as phenylpropanoids, phenolic acid derivatives, lignans, flavonoids, and alkaloids. We herein summarize the research progress on some uncommon terpenoids, isolated from members of the genus Salvia, which are well recognized for their potential pharmacological activities. This review also provides a current knowledge on the biosynthesis and occurrence of some interesting phytochemicals from Salvia species, viz. C23-terpenoids, sesterterpenoids (C25), dammarane triterpenoids (C30), and uncommon triterpenoids (C20+C10). The study was carried out by searching various scientific databases, including Elsevier, ACS publications, Taylor and Francis, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, Springer, Thieme, and ProQuest. Therefore, 106 uncommon terpenoids were identified and summarized. Some of these compounds possessed a variety of pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic and tubulin tyrosine ligase inhibitory activities. Due to the lack of pharmacological information for the presented compounds gathered from previous studies, biological investigation of these compounds should be reinvestigated.
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Li Y, Wang H, Wang H, Wu Y, Li Y, Guo F. Nine new sesquiterpenes from Curcuma wenyujin rhizomes. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang MM, Li YN, Ming WK, Wu PF, Yi P, Gong ZP, Hao XJ, Yuan CM. Bioassay-guided isolation of human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitory and antioxidant constituents from Laportea bulbifera: Inhibition interactions and molecular mechanism. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kim M, Kim JY, Yang HS, Choe JS, Hwang IG. Nepetoidin B from Salvia plebeia R. Br. Inhibits Inflammation by Modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Macrophage Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081208. [PMID: 34439456 PMCID: PMC8388923 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia plebeia has been used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases, as well as colds and bronchitis. Macrophages have antioxidant defense mechanisms to cope with the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced as part of the immune response. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway in inflamed macrophages is an appealing target due to its protective effect against ROS-induced cell damage. In this study, nepetoidin B (NeB) was first isolated from S. plebeia and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NeB reduced pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In the NeB-treated group, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher, and ROS expression decreased. By activating Nrf2 signaling, NeB enhanced HO-1 expression. Furthermore, when the cells were pretreated with tin protoporphyrin (an HO-1 inhibitor), the anti-inflammatory effects of NeB were reduced. Therefore, NeB may activate the Nrf2/ HO-1 pathway. These results reveal the NeB isolated from S. plebeia exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating NF-κB signaling and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
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Effects of citronellol grafted chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives on regulating anti-inflammatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117972. [PMID: 33838788 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), chitosan oligosaccharide graft citronellol derivatives (COS-g-Cit1-3) were successfully synthesized via grafting citronellol (Cit) onto COS backbone. The degrees of substitution (DS) of COS-g-Cit1-3 were 0.165, 0.199 and 0.182, respectively. The structure of COS-g-Cit1-3 was confirmed by UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity evaluation results displayed that COS-g-Cit1-3 drastically reduced the paw swelling, and the oedema inhibitions were 22.58 %, 29.03 % and 25.81 %, respectively. The results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects of COS-g-Cit1-3 were significantly higher than COS and COS-g-Cit2 exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory ability. The results also presented that COS-g-Cit1-3 reduced the expression levels of TNF-α by promoting the secretion of IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, western blot analysis data proved that COS-g-Cit1-3 inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway via inhibiting the phosphorylation of p65, IKBα and IKKβ.
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22
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Guo H, Chen L, Li C, Wang D, Luo Y, Sun G, Sun X. Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of the compound Danshen tablet: roles of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anticoagulation, and anti-apoptosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:744. [PMID: 34268357 PMCID: PMC8246178 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia could cause some serious harm to human health diseases, such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease. This study sought to investigate the effects of the compound Danshen tablet (CDT) on hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet in ApoE-/- mice and related antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anticoagulation, and anti-apoptosis mechanisms. Methods The control group (Group 1) comprised 15 male C57BL/6N mice, and the other 5 groups (Groups 2-6) comprised 75 male ApoE-/- mice. These 75 mice were randomly divided into 1 of the following 5 groups: Group 2, a model group; Groups 3-5, the CDT groups, each of which was administered 375, 750, or 1,500 mg/kg of CDT; and Group 6, an atorvastatin group, which was administered 5.2 mg/kg of atorvastatin. All the mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks and intragastrically administered with CDT or atorvastatin once a day according to their body weight. After 16 weeks, serum was collected, the aorta was isolated, and blood lipid levels were detected. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The thickness of the aortic wall was measured by ultrasonography. Atherosclerotic plaque and endothelial cell apoptosis in the aortic root were evaluated using oil red O staining and terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays, respectively. Results A comparison of mice in the CDT group and mice in the model group showed that CDT significantly inhibited mice's weight gain. CDT reduced the levels of the inflammatory factor ICAM-1 and the oxidative damage molecule 4-HNE. In the coagulation system, CDT significantly increased tPA levels and reduced TXB2 and PAI-1 levels. Ultrasonography showed that CDT increased the thickness of the aortic wall. The oil red O staining results revealed that CDT significantly ameliorated lipid accumulation in the aortic valve. TUNEL assays indicated that CDT reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the aortic valve. Conclusions CDT has a certain protective effect on hyperlipidemia. The mechanism of CDT may be related to antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anticoagulation, and anti-apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibiao Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyuan Li
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Deqin Wang
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nhoek P, Chae HS, Kim YM, Pel P, Huh J, Kim HW, Choi YH, Lee K, Chin YW. Sesquiterpenoids from the Aerial Parts of Salvia plebeia with Inhibitory Activities on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Expression. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:220-229. [PMID: 33567826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Salvia plebeia aided by a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA expression screening assay in HepG2 cells led to the identification of 19 compounds including one new norsesquiterpene (1), six new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids (2-5, 8, and 11), and 12 known compounds. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and MS data. Furthermore, computational prediction of ECD or chemical shifts was used to propose the absolute configurations of the new structures. All isolates were assessed for their inhibitory activities against PCSK9 mRNA expression and PCSK9-low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) interactions. None of the isolated compounds inhibited PCSK9 and LDLR interactions. However, compounds 1, 9, and 10 downregulated PCSK9 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piseth Nhoek
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pisey Pel
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmoo Huh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kim MH, Lim HJ, Bak SG, Park EJ, Jang HJ, Lee SW, Lee S, Lee KM, Cheong SH, Lee SJ, Rho MC. Eudebeiolide B Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Regulating RANKL-Induced NF-κB, c-Fos and Calcium Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120468. [PMID: 33339187 PMCID: PMC7765597 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudebeiolide B is a eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from Salvia plebeia R. Br., and little is known about its biological activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of eudebeiolide B on osteoblast differentiation, receptor activator nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. Eudebeiolide B induced the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium accumulation during MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation. In mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), eudebeiolide B suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of BMMs and bone resorption. Eudebeiolide B downregulated the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1) and c-fos, transcription factors induced by RANKL. Moreover, eudebeiolide B attenuated the RANKL-induced expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes, including cathepsin K (Ctsk), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and dendrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). Regarding the molecular mechanism, eudebeiolide B inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB p65. In addition, it downregulated the expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) in RANKL-induced calcium signaling. In an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model, intragastric injection of eudebeiolide B prevented OVX-induced bone loss, as shown by bone mineral density and contents, microarchitecture parameters and serum levels of bone turnover markers. Eudebeiolide B not only promoted osteoblast differentiation but inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through calcium signaling and prevented OVX-induced bone loss. Therefore, eudebeiolide B may be a new therapeutic agent for osteoclast-related diseases, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hwa Kim
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Jin Lim
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.-J.P.); (S.W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Seon Gyeong Bak
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.-J.P.); (S.W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Eun-Jae Park
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.-J.P.); (S.W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea;
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.-J.P.); (S.W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.-J.P.); (S.W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Kang Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.-J.P.); (S.W.L.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (M.-C.R.)
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.G.B.); (E.-J.P.); (S.W.L.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (M.-C.R.)
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25
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Choodej S, Hanthanong S, Aree T, Pudhom K. Diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Euphorbia antiquorum and their efficacy on nitric oxide inhibition. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 180:112523. [PMID: 33007619 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eight previously undescribed diterpenoids of different types were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia antiquorum L., along with fifteen known diterpenoids. Their structures and configurations were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, MS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Additionally, the absolute configuration of ent-12-oxo-2,3-secobeyer-15-en-2,3-dioic acid-3-methyl ester was confirmed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Efficacy of the compounds on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage J774.A1 cells was evaluated. ent-15-Acetoxylabda-8(17),13E-diene-3-one, ent-15-oxolabda-8(17),13E-diene-3-one and rhizophorin B was significantly suppressed NO production with IC50 values of 11.7, 12.5 and 16.1 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwattra Choodej
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254, Phayatai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sujitra Hanthanong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254, Phayatai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thammarat Aree
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254, Phayatai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanitha Pudhom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254, Phayatai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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26
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Zhou D, Huang X, Liu W, Huang Y, Yang R, Deng S, Li J. Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory constituents from the bark of Streblus zeylanicus. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104770. [PMID: 33157153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on anti-inflammatory activity to evaluate the effects to the release of NO, bio-assay guided separation of the bark of Streblus zeylanicus led to identify fifteen compounds, including four new terpenes (1, 2, 9, and 10), one new pentanoid glycoside (12), one new rumenic ester (13), together with nine known compounds (3-8, 11, 14, and 15). Their structures were elucidated using extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data analyses. The stereochemistry of compound 10 was established by comparing the calculated and experimental ECD spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate inhibition on nitric oxide (NO) production, with IC50 values of 10.21 μM and 15.53 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xishan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ruiyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shengping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Choi JG, Kim YS, Kim JH, Kim TI, Li W, Oh TW, Jeon CH, Kim SJ, Chung HS. Anticancer Effect of Salvia plebeia and Its Active Compound by Improving T-Cell Activity via Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction in Humanized PD-1 Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:598556. [PMID: 33224152 PMCID: PMC7674495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, increasingly used to treat malignant tumors, are revolutionizing cancer treatment by improving the patient survival expectations. Despite the high antitumor efficacy of antibody therapeutics that bind to PD-1/PD-L1, study on small molecule-based PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is required to overcome the side effects of antibody therapeutics caused by their size and affinity. Herein, we investigated antitumor potential of Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract (SPE), which has been used as a traditional oriental medicine and food in many countries, and its components by the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. SPE and its component cosmosiin effectively blocked the molecular interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. SPE also inhibited tumor growth by increasing CD8+ T-cells in the tumor through the activation of tumor-specific T-cells in a humanized PD-1 mouse model bearing hPD-L1 knock-in MC38 colon adenocarcinoma tumor. This finding presents a preclinical strategy to develop small molecule-based anticancer drugs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Jeon
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Ma Q, Wei R, Lu Q, Huang H, Guo D, Jiang L. Two New Flavones from Salvia plebeia and Their Anti-Angiogenic Activities. Chem Nat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-020-03218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Kim KH, Park YJ, Jang HJ, Lee SJ, Lee S, Yun BS, Lee SW, Rho MC. Rugosic acid A, derived from Rosa rugosa Thunb., is novel inhibitory agent for NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 axis in acute lung injury model. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3200-3210. [PMID: 32779813 PMCID: PMC7404680 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rosa rugosa Thunb., is as a medicinal plant known for anti‐diabetic, and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, the specific active compounds responsible for the individual pharmacological effects of in R. rugosa extract (95% EtOH) remain unknown. Here, we hypothesized that terpenoid structure, the most abundant constituents in R. rugosa extract, are responsible for its anti‐inflammatory activity. We investigated the phytochemical substituents (compounds 1–13) and newly purified 11‐methoxy polisin A, and 13‐methoxy bisaborosaol F using NMR and ESI‐MS and to screened their effects on NO production in LPS‐induced macrophages. Rugosic acid A (RA) induced to ameliorate NO production, iNOS, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines associated with the NF‐κB. And, RA suppressed IL‐6 secretion and IL‐6‐mediated STAT3 activation in LPS‐mediated inflammation. In addition, RA was evaluated in LPS‐mediated acute lung injury (ALI) model similar to acute pneumonia. Our results suggested that RA was suppressed to translocate nuclear NF‐κB and IL‐6‐mediated STAT3 activation. Finally, RA led to amelioration of ALI by decreasing myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inhibiting phosphorylation of NF‐κB and STAT3. Our group originally found that R. rugosa extract had new methoxy compounds and RA may be alternative natural agent for acute pneumonia similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hoon Kim
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Park
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biotechnology and Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology and Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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30
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Su HG, Peng XR, Shi QQ, Huang YJ, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Lanostane triterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activities from Ganoderma lucidum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 173:112256. [PMID: 32062196 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is one of the most famous medicinal fungi and is traditional Chinese medicine with various biological activities in Asian countries. To clarify its pharmacodynamic material basis, 15 lanostane triterpenoidswere obtained from the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum, including 8 previously undescribed lanostanoids. Their structures, including absolute configuration, were established based on ultraviolet, infrared, high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Ganoluciduone A was an unusual octonorlanostane, which was isolated from Ganoderma for the first time. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of all isolates were evaluated by observing their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells activated by a lipopolysaccharide. Ganoluciduone B exhibited moderate inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production, with an inhibition rate of 45.5% at a concentration of 12.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Guo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Lautié E, Russo O, Ducrot P, Boutin JA. Unraveling Plant Natural Chemical Diversity for Drug Discovery Purposes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:397. [PMID: 32317969 PMCID: PMC7154113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening and testing of extracts against a variety of pharmacological targets in order to benefit from the immense natural chemical diversity is a concern in many laboratories worldwide. And several successes have been recorded in finding new actives in natural products, some of which have become new drugs or new sources of inspiration for drugs. But in view of the vast amount of research on the subject, it is surprising that not more drug candidates were found. In our view, it is fundamental to reflect upon the approaches of such drug discovery programs and the technical processes that are used, along with their inherent difficulties and biases. Based on an extensive survey of recent publications, we discuss the origin and the variety of natural chemical diversity as well as the strategies to having the potential to embrace this diversity. It seemed to us that some of the difficulties of the area could be related with the technical approaches that are used, so the present review begins with synthetizing some of the more used discovery strategies, exemplifying some key points, in order to address some of their limitations. It appears that one of the challenges of natural product-based drug discovery programs should be an easier access to renewable sources of plant-derived products. Maximizing the use of the data together with the exploration of chemical diversity while working on reasonable supply of natural product-based entities could be a way to answer this challenge. We suggested alternative ways to access and explore part of this chemical diversity with in vitro cultures. We also reinforced how important it was organizing and making available this worldwide knowledge in an "inventory" of natural products and their sources. And finally, we focused on strategies based on synthetic biology and syntheses that allow reaching industrial scale supply. Approaches based on the opportunities lying in untapped natural plant chemical diversity are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lautié
- Centro de Valorização de Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia (CVACBA)-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Olivier Russo
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
| | - Pierre Ducrot
- Molecular Modelling Department, 'PEX Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Zou G, Li C, Yang W, Liu H, She Z. Anti-inflammatory activities of alkaloids from the mangrove endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. SYSUQYP-23. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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33
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Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenoids from the leaves of Datura metel L. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xu K, Li G, Zhu R, Xie F, Li Y, Yang W, Xu L, Shen T, Zhao Z, Lou H. Polyketides from the endolichenic fungus Eupenicillium javanicum and their anti-inflammatory activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112191. [PMID: 31731236 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed polyketides javanicols A-E, 5-epi-citreoviridin and 5-epi-isocitreoviridin, together with five known compounds, were isolated from the endolichenic fungus Eupenicillium javanicum. The structures of these polyketides were determined by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR shift calculations. These compounds were evaluated for potential anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Javanicol E and (+)-terrein displayed moderate inhibitory effects on NO production, with IC50 values of 17.00 and 13.46 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelan Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lintao Xu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuntian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China.
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35
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STAT3-inhibitory activity of sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids from Curcuma phaeocaulis. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Wang CY, Kim D, Zhu YK, Oh DC, Huang RZ, Wang HS, Liang D, Lee SK. Glechomanamides A-C, Germacrane Sesquiterpenoids with an Unusual Δ 8-7,12-Lactam Moiety from Salvia scapiformis and Their Antiangiogenic Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3056-3064. [PMID: 31668072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three new germacrane sesquiterpenoid-type alkaloids with an unusual Δ8-7,12-lactam moiety, glechomanamides A-C (1-3), and two pairs of 7,12-hemiketal sesquiterpenoid epimers (4a/b, 5a/b) were isolated from Salvia scapiformis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HRESIMS, IR, UV, and 1D and 2D NMR and also confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The chemical transformation of compounds 1-5 in a solution environment was analyzed by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The aza acetallactams (1-3) were stable in organic solvent, while single crystals of the hemiacetal esters (4a/b, 5a/b) underwent a tautomeric equilibrium after being dissolved. Single crystals of 4a, 4b, and 5a were obtained for the first time as their naturally occurring forms. Glechomanamide B (2) exhibited antiangiogenic activity by suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation through modulation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-mediated signaling pathways in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, compound 2 also showed the significant suppression of mRNA expression associated with glycolysis and angiogenesis biomarkers in high glucose (30 mM)-induced HUVECs. These findings suggest that compound 2 might be a potential lead compound candidate for the management of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yi Wang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Kui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ri Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Salvia plebeia R. Br. : an overview about its traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacology and modern applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109589. [PMID: 31810130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SP), has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It contains a number of chemical components and reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. SP is distributed in many countries such as China, Korea, Japan, Afghanistan and India. SP was first described in Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming dynasty. The aim of this review is to compile all the information reported in the literature on SP. This review covers traditional uses, including 16 TCM classics and 21 traditional prescriptions; a total of 93 compounds from SP have been reported, including flavonoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenes, phenolic acids etc; biological actives such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative, antiasthmatic, antiviral, antitumour, hepatoprotective effects etc. In addition, this paper also compiled the quality control studies and clinical applications. The future prospects and the existing problems of SP were also discussed. Overall, we believe this review will be a comprehensive record of SP for researchers to refer for carrying out for further research.
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1-Carbomethoxy-β-Carboline, Derived from Portulaca oleracea L., Ameliorates LPS-Mediated Inflammatory Response Associated with MAPK Signaling and Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224042. [PMID: 31703464 PMCID: PMC6891712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea is as a medicinal plant known for its neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiulcerogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the specific active compounds responsible for the individual pharmacological effects of P. oleracea extract (95% EtOH) remain unknown. Here, we hypothesized that alkaloids, the most abundant constituents in P. oleracea extract, are responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity. We investigated the phytochemical substituents (compounds 1–22) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and screened their effects on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. Compound 20, 1-carbomethoxy-β-carboline, as an alkaloid structure, ameliorated nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and proinflammatory cytokines associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Subsequently, we observed that compound 20 suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) using immunocytochemistry. Moreover, we recently reported that compound 8, trans-N-feruloyl-3’, 7’-dimethoxytyramine, was originally purified from P. oleracea extracts. Our results suggest that 1-carbomethoxy-β-carboline, the most effective anti-inflammatory agent among alkaloids in the 95% EtOH extract of P. oleracea, was suppressing the MAPK pathway and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Therefore, P. oleracea extracts and specifically 1-carbomethoxy-β-carboline may be novel therapeutic candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB.
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Su XD, Jang HJ, Li HX, Kim YH, Yang SY. Identification of potential inflammatory inhibitors from Aster tataricus. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103208. [PMID: 31473471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aster tataricus L.f. is a traditional Eastern Asian herbal medicine used for the relief of cough-related illnesses. In this study, 32 known compounds and two novel monoterpene glycosides were isolated from the roots of A. tataricus. With the aid of reported data, elucidation of the root-extract components was carried out using a multitude of spectroscopic techniques. All isolates were investigated for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) secretion in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells. Compound 7 remarkably suppressed NO production with an IC50 value of 8.5 µM. In addition, compound 7 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the production of inflammatory cytokines (prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta) and the expression of inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Moreover, compound 7 effectively prevented the downstream activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway by inhibiting phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and p38. These results outline compound 7 as a potential inhibitor for the broad treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and various allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Xu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao M, Yuan X, Pei YH, Ye HY, Peng AH, Tang MH, Guo DL, Deng Y, Chen LJ. Anti-inflammatory Ellagitannins from Cleidion brevipetiolatum for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2409-2418. [PMID: 31419126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Six new ellagitannins, brevipetins B-G (5 and 7-11), and a new phenolic glucoside, brevipetin A (4), along with six known compounds were isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Cleidion brevipetiolatum. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods, and TD-DFT-ECD calculations. Compounds 5-11 exhibited NO inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 1.9-8.2 μM, and 9 showed the most potent inhibitory effect (IC50: 1.9 μM). An in vivo anti-inflammatory assessment of 9 showed that it exerts therapeutic effects in both the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models at 50 mg/kg oral administration. The enhanced protein and mRNA expression levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were dose-dependently suppressed by 9. An anti-inflammatory mechanistic study revealed that 9 suppressed NF-κB activity by inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation and blocking translocation of p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus. Therefore, 9 might have the potential to be developed as a lead compound for relieving rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-He Pei
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hua Peng
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Le Guo
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Deng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , People's Republic of China
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Ba Vinh L, Jang HJ, Viet Phong N, Dan G, Won Cho K, Ho Kim Y, Young Yang S. Bioactive triterpene glycosides from the fruit of Stauntonia hexaphylla and insights into the molecular mechanism of its inflammatory effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2085-2089. [PMID: 31301930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromatography of the ethanol extract of the medicinal fruit Stauntonia hexaphylla resulted in the purification of 26 compounds (1-26), including two undescribed triterpene saponins 1 and 2 (hexaphylosides A and B). Their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic data, including IR, HR QTOF MS, 1H, 13C NMR, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and TOCSY, and HPLC sugar analysis after acid hydrolysis. The anti-inflammatory effects of the high-purity constituents (1-26) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells were investigated by screening nitric oxide production. The NO inhibitory activity of compounds 6 and 10 with the IC50 values of 1.33 and 1.10 µM, respectively. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the isolated compounds were also analyzed. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 10 inhibited the protein expression inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 via Western blotting analysis. This showed that compounds 6 and 10 contributed to the anti-inflammatory effects of S. hexaphylla fruit, which could be developed as a natural nutraceutical and functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ba Vinh
- Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Medicinal Materials, Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Department of Marine Medicinal Materials, Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Gao Dan
- Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Cho
- Chong Kun Dang Healthcare Corporation, 47, Beodeunaru-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Chemical constituents from Vietnamese mangrove Calophyllum inophyllum and their anti-inflammatory effects. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Human disorders associated with inflammation and the evolving role of natural products to overcome. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:272-309. [PMID: 31255927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological function which triggered after the mechanical tissue disruption or from the responses by the incidence of physical, chemical or biological negotiator in body. These responses are essential act provided by the immune system during infection and tissue injury to maintain normal tissue homeostasis. Inflammation is a quite complicated process at molecular level with the involvement of several proinflammatory expressions. Several health problems are associated with prolonged inflammation, which effects nearly all major to minor diseases. The molecular and epidemiological studies jagged that the inflammation is closely associated with several disorders with their specific targets. It would be great achievement for human health around the world to overcome on inflammation. Mostly used anti-inflammatory drugs are at high risk of side effects and also expensive. Hence, the plant-based formulations gained a wide acceptance by the public and medical experts to treat it. Due to extensive dispersal, chemical diversity and systematically established biological potentials of natural products have induced renewed awareness as a gifted source for medications. However, today's urgent need to search for cheaper, more potent and safe anti-inflammatory medications to overcome on current situation. The goal of this review to compile an update on inflammation, associated diseases, molecular targets, inflammatory mediators and role of natural products. The entire text concise the involvement of various cytokines in pathogenesis of various human disorders. This assignment discussed about 321 natural products with their promising anti-inflammatory potential discovered during January 2009 to December 2018 with 262 citations.
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Su XD, Jang HJ, Wang CY, Lee SW, Rho MC, Kim YH, Yang SY. Anti-inflammatory Potential of Saponins from Aster tataricus via NF-κB/MAPK Activation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1139-1148. [PMID: 30931559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Four new aster saponins (1-4) together with five known analogues (5-9) were isolated from Aster tataricus. The chemical structures of 1-4 were elucidated based on spectrometric and spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. The potential anti-inflammatory activities of aster saponins 1-9 were evaluated subsequently by measuring lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-enhanced nitric oxide (NO) formation in murine macrophages. Among these, aster saponin B (6) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50: 1.2 μM). Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels were dose-dependently suppressed by 6 in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory mechanism indicated that 6 attenuated the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), which led to the blocking of NF-κB p65 translocation to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Su
- College of Pharmacy , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil , Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 , Korea
| | - Cai-Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil , Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 , Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil , Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 , Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
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Zhang Q, Ma L, Qu Z, Hou G, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhao F. Purification, characterization, crystal structure and NO production inhibitory activity of three new sesquiterpenoids from homalomena occulta. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:1440-1446. [PMID: 30398200 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618013815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two new isodaucane-type sesquiterpenoids, namely (1R,4S,5S,6R,7S,10R)-isodauc-6,7,10-triol, C15H28O3, (1), and (1R,4S,5S,6S,7S,10R)-isodauc-6,7,10-triol, (2), and a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid, 1β,4β,5α-trihydroxyeudesmane, (3), were obtained from the rhizomes of homalomena occulta with the aid of column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The structure of (1) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the absolute configuration was assigned with respect to that of the precursor. The single-crystal structure reveals that adjacent molecules of (1) embrace through two groups of intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds to generate a two-dimensional sheet with a 63-net topology. The three compounds were evaluated for their activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitrogen oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, and (1) showed an inhibitory effect on NO production, with IC50 values of 5.7±0.22 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai 264001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Qu
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
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Wang CY, Jang HJ, Han YK, Su XD, Lee SW, Rho MC, Wang HS, Yang SY, Kim YH. Alkaloids from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061445. [PMID: 29899226 PMCID: PMC6099609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids 1–10 were isolated from the aerial parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (APTH) and obtained from species of the genus Tetrastigma for the first time. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by NMR, UV, and MS analyses. Their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Among all the isolates, compounds 6, 7 and 10 showed potent inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated NO production in RAW264.7 cells (IC50: 31.9, 25.2 and 6.3 μM, respectively). Furthermore, APTH and S-(−)-trolline (10) inhibited induction of inflammatory cytokines or mediators such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via suppression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) translocation into the nucleus. In addition, 10 suppressed extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. These results conclusively demonstrated that compound 10 displays anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of NF-κB activation and the ERK-MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Yoo Kyong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Xiang Dong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Li S, Niu H, Qiao Y, Zhu R, Sun Y, Ren Z, Yuan H, Gao Y, Li Y, Chen W, Zhou J, Lou H. Terpenoids isolated from Chinese liverworts Lepidozia reptans and their anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2392-2400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yang S, Li Z, Wang J, Ruan J, Zheng C, Huang P, Han L, Zhang Y, Wang T. Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpene Glycosides from Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. Molecules 2018; 23:E642. [PMID: 29533968 PMCID: PMC6017781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes have been reported to exhibit varieties of biological activities. During the process of investigating this kind of natural product from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., 13 eudesmane-type sesquiterpene glycosides including six new isolates, named as dictameudesmnosides A₁ (1), A₂ (2), B (3), C (4), D (5), and E (6), together with seven known ones (7-13), were obtained. Herein, their structures were determined by the analysis of physical data, spectroscopic analysis, and chemical methods. The existence of α-configuration glucose units in their structures (1-5, 8) is not very common in natural glycosidic components. Meanwhile, compounds 3-5, 7, and 9-13 displayed TG accumulation inhibitory effects on HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengcai Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Jianli Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Jingya Ruan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Chang Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Peijian Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
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