1
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Kommidi SSR, Atkinson KM, Smith BD. Steric protection of near-infrared fluorescent dyes for enhanced bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:8310-8320. [PMID: 39101969 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01281j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Near-fluorescent (NIR) dyes that absorb and emit light in the wavelength range of 650-1700 nm are well-suited for bioimaging due to the improved image contrast and increased penetration of the long-wavelength light through biological tissue. However, the imaging performance of NIR fluorescent dyes is limited by several inherent photophysical and physicochemical properties including, low fluorescence quantum yield, high chemical and photochemical reactivity, propensity to self-aggregate in water, non-specific association with off-target biological sites, and non-optimal pharmacokinetic profiles in living subjects. In principle, all these drawbacks can be alleviated by steric protection which is a structural process that surrounds the fluorophore with bulky groups that block undesired intermolecular interactions. The literature methods to sterically protect a long-wavelength dye can be separated into two general strategies, non-covalent dye encapsulation and covalent steric appendage. Illustrative examples of each method show how steric protection improves bioimaging performance by providing: (a) increased fluorescence brightness, (b) higher fluorophore ground state stability, (c) decreased photobleaching, and (d) superior pharmacokinetic profile. Some sterically protected dyes are commercially available and further success with future systems will require experts in chemistry, microscopy, cell biology, medical imaging, and clinical medicine to work closely as interdisciplinary teams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirk M Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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2
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Chowdhury P, Lu ZY, Su SP, Liu MH, Lin CY, Wang MW, Luo YC, Lee YJ, Chiang HK, Chan YH. Ultrabright Dibenzofluoran-Based Polymer Dots with NIR-IIa Emission Maxima and Unusual Large Stokes Shifts for 3D Rotational Stereo Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400606. [PMID: 38683681 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Emerging organic molecules with emissions in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region are garnering significant attention. Unfortunately, achieving accountable organic emission intensity over the NIR-IIa (1300 nm) region faces challenges due to the intrinsic energy gap law. Up to the current stage, all reported organic NIR-IIa emitters belong to polymethine-based dyes with small Stokes shifts (<50 nm) and low quantum yield (QY; ≤0.015%). However, such polymethines have proved to cause self-absorption with constrained emission brightness, limiting advanced development in deep-tissue imaging. Here a new NIR-IIa scaffold based on rigid and highly conjugated dibenzofluoran core terminated by amino-containing moieties that reveal emission peaks of 1230-1305 nm is designed. The QY is at least 10 times higher than all synthesized or reported NIR-IIa polymethines with extraordinarily large Stokes shifts of 370-446 nm. DBF-BJ is further prepared as a polymer dot to demonstrate its in vivo 3D stereo imaging of mouse vasculature with a 1400 nm long-pass filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Chowdhury
- Department of Applied Chemistry/Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Yu Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry/Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Po Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Huan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry/Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry/Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Man-Wen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry/Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chi Luo
- Department of Applied Chemistry/Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Huihua Kenny Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry/Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
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3
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Obloy LM, Jockusch S, Tarnovsky AN. Shortwave infrared polymethine dyes for bioimaging: ultrafast relaxation dynamics and excited-state decay pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38895857 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Excited-state relaxation in two prototypical shortwave infrared (SWIR) polymethine dyes developed for bioimaging, heptamethine chromenylium Chrom7 and flavylium Flav7, is studied by means of femtosecond transient absorption with broadband ultraviolet-to-SWIR probing complemented by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence and phosphorescence measurements. The relaxation processes of the dyes in dichloromethane are resolved with sub-100 fs temporal resolution using SWIR, near-IR, and visible photoexcitation. Different population members of the ground-state inhomogeneous ensemble are found to equilibrate via skeletal deformation changes with time constants of 90 fs and either 230 fs (Chrom7) and 350 fs (Flav7) followed by slower evolution matching the 1-ps timescale of diffusive solvation dynamics. Molecules excited into high-lying singlet electronic states (Sn) by visible excitation repopulate with time constants of 400 fs (Chrom7) and 450 fs (Flav7) the corresponding first excited singlet S1 states, which decay within several hundreds of picoseconds in dichloromethane and chloroform solvents. Vibrational relaxation in S1 for both Chrom7 and Flav7 in dichloromethane occurs with time constants of 350 and 800 fs for excess of vibrational energy of ∼1000 and 10 000 cm-1 deposited by near-IR and visible excitation, respectively. Two competing non-radiative processes are present in S1: temperature-independent internal conversion, and thermally-activated twisting about a carbon-carbon bond of the conjugated chain, which is substantial at room temperature but essentially nonreactive, producing traces of isomer product. Intersystem crossing in S1, and thus the triplet quantum yield, is minor. The importance of absorption bands from the excited S1 state in applications requiring high-intensity excitation conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Obloy
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| | - Alexander N Tarnovsky
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
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4
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Chen X, Li J, Roy S, Ullah Z, Gu J, Huang H, Yu C, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang Y, Guo B. Development of Polymethine Dyes for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304506. [PMID: 38441392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) is burgeoning because of its higher imaging fidelity in monitoring physiological and pathological processes than clinical visible/the second near-infrared window fluorescence imaging. Notably, the imaging fidelity is heavily dependent on fluorescence agents. So far, indocyanine green, one of the polymethine dyes, with good biocompatibility and renal clearance is the only dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration, but it shows relatively low NIR-II brightness. Importantly, tremendous efforts are devoted to synthesizing polymethine dyes for imaging preclinically and clinically. They have shown feasibility in the customization of structure and properties to fulfill various needs in imaging and therapy. Herein, a timely update on NIR-II polymethine dyes, with a special focus on molecular design strategies for fluorescent, photoacoustic, and multimodal imaging, is offered. Furthermore, the progress of polymethine dyes in sensing pathological biomarkers and even reporting drug release is illustrated. Moreover, the NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided therapies with polymethine dyes are summarized regarding chemo-, photothermal, photodynamic, and multimodal approaches. In addition, artificial intelligence is pointed out for its potential to expedite dye development. This comprehensive review will inspire interest among a wide audience and offer a handbook for people with an interest in NIR-II polymethine dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jieyan Li
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zia Ullah
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingsi Gu
- Education Center and Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xuejin Wang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yinghe Zhang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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5
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Martin A, Rivera-Fuentes P. Fluorogenic polymethine dyes by intramolecular cyclization. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102444. [PMID: 38520774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging plays a pivotal role in the study of biological processes, and cell-permeable fluorogenic dyes are crucial to visualize intracellular structures with high specificity. Polymethine dyes are vitally important fluorophores in single-molecule localization microscopy and in vivo imaging, but their use in live cells has been limited by high background fluorescence and low membrane permeability. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of fluorogenic polymethine dyes via intramolecular cyclization. Finally, we offer an outlook on the prospects of fluorogenic polymethine dyes for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabell Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Li H, Wang J, Jiao L, Hao E. BODIPY-based photocages: rational design and their biomedical application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5770-5789. [PMID: 38752310 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Photocages, also known as photoactivated protective groups (PPGs), have been utilized to achieve controlled release of target molecules in a non-invasive and spatiotemporal manner. In the past decade, BODIPY fluorophores, a well-established class of fluorescent dyes, have emerged as a novel type of photoactivated protective group capable of efficiently releasing cargo species upon irradiation. This is due to their exceptional properties, including high molar absorption coefficients, resistance to photochemical and thermal degradation, multiple modification sites, favorable uncaging quantum yields, and highly adjustable spectral properties. Compared to traditional photocages that mainly absorb UV light, BODIPY-based photocages that absorb visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) light offer advantages such as deeper tissue penetration and reduced bio-autofluorescence, making them highly suitable for various biomedical applications. Consequently, different types of photoactivated protective groups based on the BODIPY skeleton have been established. This highlight provides a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed to construct BODIPY photocages by substituting leaving groups at different positions within the BODIPY fluorophore, including the meso-methyl position, boron position, 2,6-position, and 3,5-position. Furthermore, the application of these BODIPY photocages in biomedical fields, such as fluorescence imaging and controlled release of active species, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Erhong Hao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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7
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Gamage RS, Smith BD. Fluorescence Imaging Using Deep-Red Indocyanine Blue, a Complementary Partner for Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 2:384-397. [PMID: 38817322 PMCID: PMC11134606 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.4c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Indocyanine Blue (ICB) is the deep-red pentamethine analogue of the widely used clinical near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dye Indocyanine Green (ICG). The two fluorophores have the same number of functional groups and molecular charge and vary only by a single vinylene unit in the polymethine chain, which produces a predictable difference in spectral and physicochemical properties. We find that the two dyes can be employed as a complementary pair in diverse types of fundamental and applied fluorescence imaging experiments. A fundamental fluorescence spectroscopy study used ICB and ICG to test a recently proposed Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) mechanism for enhanced fluorescence brightness in heavy water (D2O). The results support two important corollaries of the proposal: (a) the strategy of using heavy water to increase the brightness of fluorescent dyes for microscopy or imaging is most effective when the dye emission band is above 650 nm, and (b) the magnitude of the heavy water florescence enhancement effect for near-infrared ICG is substantially diminished when the ICG surface is dehydrated due to binding by albumin protein. Two applied fluorescence imaging studies demonstrated how deep-red ICB can be combined with a near-infrared fluorophore for paired agent imaging in the same living subject. One study used dual-channel mouse imaging to visualize increased blood flow in a model of inflamed tissue, and a second mouse tumor imaging study simultaneously visualized the vasculature and cancerous tissue in separate fluorescence channels. The results suggest that ICB and ICG can be incorporated within multicolor fluorescence imaging methods for perfusion imaging and hemodynamic characterization of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rananjaya S Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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8
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Bagheri N, Chen H, Rabasovic M, Widengren J. Non-fluorescent transient states of tyrosine as a basis for label-free protein conformation and interaction studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6464. [PMID: 38499633 PMCID: PMC10948778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine have been extensively used for different label-free protein studies, based on the intensity, lifetime, wavelength and/or polarization of their emitted fluorescence. Similar to most fluorescent organic molecules, these amino acids can undergo transitions into dark meta-stable states, such as triplet and photo-radical states. On the one hand, these transitions limit the fluorescence signal, but they are also highly environment-sensitive and can offer an additional set of parameters, reflecting interactions, folding states, and immediate environments around the proteins. In this work, by analyzing the average intensity of tyrosine emission under different excitation modulations with the transient state monitoring (TRAST) technique, we explored the photo physics of tyrosine as a basis for such environment-sensitive readouts. From how the dark state transitions of tyrosine varied with excitation intensity and solvent conditions we first established a photophysical model for tyrosine. Next, we studied Calmodulin (containing two tyrosines), and how its conformation is changed upon calcium binding. From these TRAST experiments, performed with 280 nm time-modulated excitation, we show that tyrosine dark state transitions clearly change with the calmodulin conformation, and may thus represent a useful source of information for (label-free) analyses of protein conformations and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Bagheri
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mihailo Rabasovic
- Laboratory for Biophysics, Institute of Physics Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Jiang G, Liu H, Liu H, Ke G, Ren TB, Xiong B, Zhang XB, Yuan L. Chemical Approaches to Optimize the Properties of Organic Fluorophores for Imaging and Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315217. [PMID: 38081782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorophores are indispensable tools in cells, tissue and in vivo imaging, and have enabled much progress in the wide range of biological and biomedical fields. However, many available dyes suffer from insufficient performances, such as short absorption and emission wavelength, low brightness, poor stability, small Stokes shift, and unsuitable permeability, restricting their application in advanced imaging technology and complex imaging. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been made to improve these performances of fluorophores. Starting with the luminescence principle of fluorophores, this review clarifies the mechanisms of the insufficient performance for traditional fluorophores to a certain extent, systematically summarizes the modified approaches of optimizing properties, highlights the typical applications of the improved fluorophores in imaging and sensing, and indicates existing problems and challenges in this area. This progress not only proves the significance of improving fluorophores properties, but also provide a theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
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10
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P Neme N, Jansen TLC, Havenith RWA. Cyclopentene ring effects in cyanine dyes: a handle to fine-tune photophysical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6235-6241. [PMID: 38305348 PMCID: PMC10866127 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the photophysical properties of a cyanine dye analogue by performing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT. Cationic cyanine dyes are the subject of great importance due to their versatile applications and the tunability of their photophysical properties, such as by modifying their end groups and chain length. An example of this is the vinylene shift, which is experimentally known for these molecules, and it consists of a bathochromic (red) shift of approximately 100 nm of the 0-0 vibronic transition when a vinyl group is added to the polymethine chain. Our study shows that when the saturated moiety C2H4 of the cyclopentene ring is added to the chain, it interacts with the conjugated π-system, resulting in a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap. Here, we demonstrate the origin of this interaction and how it can be used to fine tune the absorption energies of this class of dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália P Neme
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
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11
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Grabenhorst L, Sturzenegger F, Hasler M, Schuler B, Tinnefeld P. Single-Molecule FRET at 10 MHz Count Rates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3539-3544. [PMID: 38266173 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
A bottleneck in many studies utilizing single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer is the attainable photon count rate, as it determines the temporal resolution of the experiment. As many biologically relevant processes occur on time scales that are hardly accessible with currently achievable photon count rates, there has been considerable effort to find strategies to increase the stability and brightness of fluorescent dyes. Here, we use DNA nanoantennas to drastically increase the achievable photon count rates and observe fast biomolecular dynamics in the small volume between two plasmonic nanoparticles. As a proof of concept, we observe the coupled folding and binding of two intrinsically disordered proteins, which form transient encounter complexes with lifetimes on the order of 100 μs. To test the limits of our approach, we also investigated the hybridization of a short single-stranded DNA to its complementary counterpart, revealing a transition path time of 17 μs at photon count rates of around 10 MHz, which is an order-of-magnitude improvement compared to the state of the art. Concomitantly, the photostability was increased, enabling many seconds long megahertz fluorescence time traces. Due to the modular nature of the DNA origami method, this platform can be adapted to a broad range of biomolecules, providing a promising approach to study previously unobservable ultrafast biophysical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Grabenhorst
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | | | - Moa Hasler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Schuler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
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12
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Janeková H, Friedman HC, Russo M, Zyberaj M, Ahmed T, Hua AS, Sica AV, Caram JR, Štacko P. Deuteration of heptamethine cyanine dyes enhances their emission efficacy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1000-1003. [PMID: 38167671 PMCID: PMC10805072 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05153f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The design of bright short-wave infrared fluorophores remains a grand challenge. Here we investigate the impact of deuteration on the properties in a series of heptamethine dyes, the absorption of which spans near-infrared and SWIR regions. We demonstrate that it is a generally applicable strategy that leads to enhanced quantum yields of fluorescence, longer-lived singlet excited states and suppressed rates of non-radiative deactivation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Janeková
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Hannah C Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Mergime Zyberaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Tasnim Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Ash Sueh Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Anthony V Sica
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Peter Štacko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
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13
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Pal R, Lwin TM, Krishnamoorthy M, Collins HR, Chan CD, Prilutskiy A, Nasrallah MP, Dijkhuis TH, Shukla S, Kendall AL, Marshall MS, Carp SA, Hung YP, Shih AR, Martinez-Lage M, Zukerberg L, Sadow PM, Faquin WC, Nahed BV, Feng AL, Emerick KS, Mieog JSD, Vahrmeijer AL, Rajasekaran K, Lee JYK, Rankin KS, Lozano-Calderon S, Varvares MA, Tanabe KK, Kumar ATN. Fluorescence lifetime of injected indocyanine green as a universal marker of solid tumours in patients. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1649-1666. [PMID: 37845517 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The surgical resection of solid tumours can be enhanced by fluorescence-guided imaging. However, variable tumour uptake and incomplete clearance of fluorescent dyes reduces the accuracy of distinguishing tumour from normal tissue via conventional fluorescence intensity-based imaging. Here we show that, after systemic injection of the near-infrared dye indocyanine green in patients with various types of solid tumour, the fluorescence lifetime (FLT) of tumour tissue is longer than the FLT of non-cancerous tissue. This tumour-specific shift in FLT can be used to distinguish tumours from normal tissue with an accuracy of over 97% across tumour types, and can be visualized at the cellular level using microscopy and in larger specimens through wide-field imaging. Unlike fluorescence intensity, which depends on imaging-system parameters, tissue depth and the amount of dye taken up by tumours, FLT is a photophysical property that is largely independent of these factors. FLT imaging with indocyanine green may improve the accuracy of cancer surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope Hospital, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Murali Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hannah R Collins
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Corey D Chan
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrey Prilutskiy
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - MacLean P Nasrallah
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tom H Dijkhuis
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Shriya Shukla
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Amy L Kendall
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan A Carp
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela R Shih
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Martinez-Lage
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence Zukerberg
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen L Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin S Emerick
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Sven D Mieog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Y K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Rankin
- The North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Santiago Lozano-Calderon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand T N Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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14
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Lu H, Wang Y, Hill SK, Jiang H, Ke Y, Huang S, Zheng D, Perrier S, Song Q. Supra-Cyanines: Ultrabright Cyanine-Based Fluorescent Supramolecular Materials in Solution and in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311224. [PMID: 37840434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent materials with high brightness play a crucial role in the advancement of various technologies such as bioimaging, photonics, and OLEDs. While significant efforts are dedicated to designing new organic dyes with improved performance, enhancing the brightness of existing dyes holds equal importance. In this study, we present a simple supramolecular strategy to develop ultrabright cyanine-based fluorescent materials by addressing long-standing challenges associated with cyanine dyes, including undesired cis-trans photoisomerization and aggregation-caused quenching. Supra-cyanines are obtained by incorporating cyanine moieties in a cyclic peptide-based supramolecular scaffold, and exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields (up to 50 %) in both solution and in the solid state. These findings offer a versatile approach for constructing highly emissive cyanine-based supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicheng Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sophie K Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Hanqiu Jiang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101499, China
| | - Dunjin Zheng
- LightEdge Technologies Limited, Zhongshan, 528451, China
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Qiao Song
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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15
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Elian C, Mourot B, Benbouziyane C, Malval JP, Lajnef S, Peyrot F, Massuyeau F, Siri O, Jacquemin D, Pascal S, Versace DL. Tris-benzo[cd]indole Cyanine Enables the NIR-photosensitized Radical and Thiol-ene Polymerizations at 940 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305963. [PMID: 37539471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared-absorbing heptamethine (HM+ ) incorporating three bulky benzo[cd]indole heterocycles was designed to efficiently prevent self-aggregation of the dye, which results in a strong enhancement of its photoinitiating reactivity as compared to a parent bis-benzo[cd]indole heptamethine (HMCl+ ) used as a reference system. In this context, we highlight an efficient free-radical NIR-polymerization up to a 100 % acrylates C=C bonds conversion even under air conditions. Such an important initiating performance was obtained by incorporating our NIR-sensitizer into a three-component system leading to its self-regeneration. This original photoredox cycle was thoroughly investigated through the identification of each intermediary species using EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Elian
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR-CNRS 7182-UPEC, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
| | - Benjamin Mourot
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, case 913, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Camil Benbouziyane
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, case 913, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS UMR 7361, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Sonia Lajnef
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne-Université, Institut National Supérieur du Professorat et de l'Education (INSPE) de l'Académie de Paris, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Florian Massuyeau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Siri
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, case 913, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Simon Pascal
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, case 913, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR-CNRS 7182-UPEC, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
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16
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Ploetz E, Ambrose B, Barth A, Börner R, Erichson F, Kapanidis AN, Kim HD, Levitus M, Lohman TM, Mazumder A, Rueda DS, Steffen FD, Cordes T, Magennis SW, Lerner E. A new twist on PIFE: photoisomerisation-related fluorescence enhancement. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 12:012001. [PMID: 37726007 PMCID: PMC10570931 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acfb58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PIFE was first used as an acronym for protein-induced fluorescence enhancement, which refers to the increase in fluorescence observed upon the interaction of a fluorophore, such as a cyanine, with a protein. This fluorescence enhancement is due to changes in the rate ofcis/transphotoisomerisation. It is clear now that this mechanism is generally applicable to interactions with any biomolecule. In this review, we propose that PIFE is thereby renamed according to its fundamental working principle as photoisomerisation-related fluorescence enhancement, keeping the PIFE acronym intact. We discuss the photochemistry of cyanine fluorophores, the mechanism of PIFE, its advantages and limitations, and recent approaches to turning PIFE into a quantitative assay. We provide an overview of its current applications to different biomolecules and discuss potential future uses, including the study of protein-protein interactions, protein-ligand interactions and conformational changes in biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ploetz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ambrose
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Barth
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Börner
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, Mittweida University of Applied Sciences, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Felix Erichson
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, Mittweida University of Applied Sciences, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Achillefs N Kapanidis
- Biological Physics Research Group, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harold D Kim
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Marcia Levitus
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, 551 E. University Drive, Tempe, AZ,85287, United States of America
| | - Timothy M Lohman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Mazumder
- CSIR-Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - David S Rueda
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio D Steffen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steven W Magennis
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eitan Lerner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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17
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Schnermann MJ, Lavis LD. Rejuvenating old fluorophores with new chemistry. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102335. [PMID: 37269674 PMCID: PMC10524207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic chemistry began with 19th century scientists identifying and then expanding upon synthetic dye molecules for textiles. In the 20th century, dye chemistry continued with the aim of developing photographic sensitizers and laser dyes. Now, in the 21st century, the rapid evolution of biological imaging techniques provides a new driving force for dye chemistry. Of the extant collection of synthetic fluorescent dyes for biological imaging, two classes reign supreme: rhodamines and cyanines. Here, we provide an overview of recent examples where modern chemistry is used to build these old-but-venerable classes of optically responsive molecules. These new synthetic methods access new fluorophores, which then enable sophisticated imaging experiments leading to new biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 376, Frederick, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
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18
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Li DH, Gamage RS, Oliver AG, Patel NL, Muhammad Usama S, Kalen JD, Schnermann MJ, Smith BD. Doubly Strapped Zwitterionic NIR-I and NIR-II Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes for Bioconjugation and Fluorescence Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305062. [PMID: 37163228 PMCID: PMC10330731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Heptamethine cyanine dyes enable deep tissue fluorescence imaging in the near infrared (NIR) window. Small molecule conjugates of the benchmark dye ZW800-1 have been tested in humans. However, long-term imaging protocols using ZW800-1 conjugates are limited by their instability, primarily because the chemically labile C4'-O-aryl linker is susceptible to cleavage by biological nucleophiles. Here, we report a modular synthetic method that produces novel doubly strapped zwitterionic heptamethine cyanine dyes, including a structural analogue of ZW800-1, with greatly enhanced dye stability. NIR-I and NIR-II versions of these doubly strapped dyes can be conjugated to proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, without causing undesired fluorophore degradation or dye stacking on the protein surface. The fluorescent antibody conjugates show excellent tumor-targeting specificity in a xenograft mouse tumor model. The enhanced stability provided by doubly strapped molecular design will enable new classes of in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging experiments with possible translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rananjaya S Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Nimit L Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Syed Muhammad Usama
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joseph D Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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19
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Ploetz E, Ambrose B, Barth A, Börner R, Erichson F, Kapanidis AN, Kim HD, Levitus M, Lohman TM, Mazumder A, Rueda DS, Steffen FD, Cordes T, Magennis SW, Lerner E. A new twist on PIFE: photoisomerisation-related fluorescence enhancement. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2302.12455v2. [PMID: 36866225 PMCID: PMC9980184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PIFE was first used as an acronym for protein-induced fluorescence enhancement, which refers to the increase in fluorescence observed upon the interaction of a fluorophore, such as a cyanine, with a protein. This fluorescence enhancement is due to changes in the rate of cis/trans photoisomerisation. It is clear now that this mechanism is generally applicable to interactions with any biomolecule and, in this review, we propose that PIFE is thereby renamed according to its fundamental working principle as photoisomerisation-related fluorescence enhancement, keeping the PIFE acronym intact. We discuss the photochemistry of cyanine fluorophores, the mechanism of PIFE, its advantages and limitations, and recent approaches to turn PIFE into a quantitative assay. We provide an overview of its current applications to different biomolecules and discuss potential future uses, including the study of protein-protein interactions, protein-ligand interactions and conformational changes in biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ploetz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ambrose
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK, Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Anders Barth
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Börner
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, Mittweida University of Applied Sciences, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Felix Erichson
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, Mittweida University of Applied Sciences, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Achillefs N. Kapanidis
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Biological Physics, The University of Oxford, UK
| | - Harold D. Kim
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Marcia Levitus
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, 551 E. University Drive, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Timothy M. Lohman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abhishek Mazumder
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Biological Physics, The University of Oxford, UK
| | - David S. Rueda
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK, Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Fabio D. Steffen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr, 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steven W. Magennis
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eitan Lerner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401, Israel, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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20
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Mao Z, Rha H, Kim J, You X, Zhang F, Tao W, Kim JS. THQ-Xanthene: An Emerging Strategy to Create Next-Generation NIR-I/II Fluorophores. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301177. [PMID: 37114796 PMCID: PMC10288261 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is vital for exploring the biological world. The short emissions (<650 nm) and small Stokes shifts (<30 nm) of current xanthene dyes obstruct their biological applications since a long time. Recently, a potent and universal THQ structural modification technique that shifts emission to the NIR-I/II range and enables a substantial Stokes shift (>100 nm) for THQ-modified xanthene dyes is established. Thus, a timely discussion of THQ-xanthene and its applications is extensive. Hence, the advent, working principles, development trajectory, and biological applications of THQ-xanthene dyes, especially in the fields of fluorescence probe-based sensing and imaging, cancer theranostics, and super-resolution imaging, are introduced. It is envisioned that the THQ modification tactic is a simple yet exceptional approach to upgrade the performance of conventional xanthene dyes. THQ-xanthene will advance the strides of xanthene-based potentials in early fluorescent diagnosis of diseases, cancer theranostics, and imaging-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Mao
- College of Health Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Hyeonji Rha
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Jungryun Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Xinru You
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Health Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
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21
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Wei R, Dong Y, Wang X, Li J, Lei Z, Hu Z, Chen J, Sun H, Chen H, Luo X, Qian X, Yang Y. Rigid and Photostable Shortwave Infrared Dye Absorbing/Emitting beyond 1200 nm for High-Contrast Multiplexed Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216464 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral region beyond 1200 nm offers optimal tissue penetration depth and has broad potential in diagnosis, therapy, and surgery. Here, we devised a novel class of fluorochromic scaffold, i.e., a tetra-benzannulated xanthenoid (EC7). EC7 absorbs/emits maximally at 1204/1290 nm in CH2Cl2 and exhibits an unparalleled molar absorptivity of 3.91 × 105 cm-1 M-1 and high transparency to light at 400-900 nm. It also exhibited high resistance toward both photobleaching and symmetry breaking due to its unique structural rigidity. It is feasible for in vivo bioimaging and particularly suitable to couple with the shorter-wavelength analogues for high-contrast multiplexing. High-contrast dual-channel intraoperative imaging of the hepatobiliary system and three-channel in vivo imaging of the intestine, the stomach, and the vasculature were showcased. EC7 is a benchmark fluorochrome for facile biomedical exploitation of the SWIR region beyond 1200 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zuhai Lei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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22
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Wang C, Jiang W, Tan D, Huang L, Li J, Qiao Q, Yadav P, Liu X, Xu Z. Monitoring amyloid aggregation via a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT)-based fluorescent sensor array. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4786-4795. [PMID: 37181777 PMCID: PMC10171079 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06710b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation is critical for understanding the pathology and aiding the pre-symptomatic intervention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid aggregation consists of multiple phases with increasing viscosities and demands probes with broad dynamic ranges and gradient sensitivities for continuous monitoring. Yet, existing probes designed based on the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) mechanism mainly focused on donor engineering, limiting the sensitivities and/or dynamic ranges of these fluorophores to a narrow window. Herein, using quantum chemical calculations, we investigated multiple factors affecting the TICT process of fluorophores. It includes the conjugation length, the net charge of the fluorophore scaffold, the donor strength, and the geometric pre-twisting. We have established an integrative framework for tuning TICT tendencies. Based on this framework, a platter of hemicyanines with varied sensitivities and dynamic ranges is synthesized, forming a sensor array and enabling the observation of various stages of Aβ aggregations. This approach will significantly facilitate the development of TICT-based fluorescent probes with tailored environmental sensitivities for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Wenchao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Davin Tan
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Lu Huang
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
- Ocean College, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qinglong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Priya Yadav
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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23
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Tovtik R, Muchová E, Štacková L, Slavíček P, Klán P. Spin-Vibronic Control of Intersystem Crossing in Iodine-Substituted Heptamethine Cyanines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37146036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling between electronic states of different multiplicity can be strongly coupled to molecular vibrations, and this interaction is becoming recognized as an important mechanism for controlling the course of photochemical reactions. Here, we show that the involvement of spin-vibronic coupling is essential for understanding the photophysics and photochemistry of heptamethine cyanines (Cy7), bearing iodine as a heavy atom in the C3' position of the chain and/or a 3H-indolium core, as potential triplet sensitizers and singlet oxygen producers in methanol and aqueous solutions. The sensitization efficiency was found to be an order of magnitude higher for the chain-substituted than the 3H-indolium core-substituted derivatives. Our ab initio calculations demonstrate that while all optimal structures of Cy7 are characterized by negligible spin-orbit coupling (tenths of cm-1) with no dependence on the position of the substituent, molecular vibrations lead to its significant increase (tens of cm-1 for the chain-substituted cyanines), which allowed us to interpret the observed position dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Tovtik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technické 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Štacková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technické 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Sandberg E, Piguet J, Kostiv U, Baryshnikov G, Liu H, Widengren J. Photoisomerization of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes Results in Red-Emissive Species: Implications for Near-IR, Single-Molecule, and Super-Resolution Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3208-3222. [PMID: 37011608 PMCID: PMC10108366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoisomerization kinetics of the near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore Sulfo-Cyanine7 (SCy7) was studied by a combination of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and transient state (TRAST) excitation modulation spectroscopy. A photoisomerized state with redshifted emission was identified, with kinetics consistent with a three-state photoisomerization model. Combining TRAST excitation modulation with spectrofluorimetry (spectral-TRAST) further confirmed an excitation-induced redshift in the emission spectrum of SCy7. We show how this red-emissive photoisomerized state contributes to the blinking kinetics in different emission bands of NIR cyanine dyes, and how it can influence single-molecule, super-resolution, as well as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and multicolor readouts. Since this state can also be populated at moderate excitation intensities, it can also more broadly influence fluorescence readouts, also readouts not relying on high excitation conditions. However, this additional red-emissive state and its photodynamics, as identified and characterized in this work, can also be used as a strategy to push the emission of NIR cyanine dyes further into the NIR and to enhance photosensitization of nanoparticles with absorption spectra further into the NIR. Finally, we show that the photoisomerization kinetics of SCy7 and the formation of its redshifted photoisomer depend strongly on local environmental conditions, such as viscosity, polarity, and steric constraints, which suggests the use of SCy7 and other NIR cyanine dyes as environmental sensors. Such environmental information can be monitored by TRAST, in the NIR, with low autofluorescence and scattering conditions and on a broad range of samples and experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sandberg
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Piguet
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Uliana Kostiv
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Dept. Science and Technology, Linköping University, Campus Norrköping, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Haichun Liu
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Li J, Dong Y, Wei R, Jiang G, Yao C, Lv M, Wu Y, Gardner SH, Zhang F, Lucero MY, Huang J, Chen H, Ge G, Chan J, Chen J, Sun H, Luo X, Qian X, Yang Y. Stable, Bright, and Long-Fluorescence-Lifetime Dyes for Deep-Near-Infrared Bioimaging. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14351-14362. [PMID: 35905456 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores absorbing maximally in the region beyond 800 nm, i.e., deep-NIR spectral region, are actively sought for biomedical applications. Ideal dyes are bright, nontoxic, photostable, biocompatible, and easily derivatized to introduce functionalities (e.g., for bioconjugation or aqueous solubility). The rational design of such fluorophores remains a major challenge. Silicon-substituted rhodamines have been successful for bioimaging applications in the red spectral region. The longer-wavelength silicon-substituted congeners for the deep-NIR spectral region are unknown to date. We successfully prepared four silicon-substituted bis-benzannulated rhodamine dyes (ESi5a-ESi5d), with an efficient five-step cascade on a gram-scale. Because of the extensive overlapping of their HOMO-LUMO orbitals, ESi5a-ESi5d are highly absorbing (λabs ≈ 865 nm and ε > 105 cm-1 M-1). By restraining both the rotational freedom via annulation and the vibrational freedom via silicon-imparted strain, the fluorochromic scaffold of ESi5 is highly rigid, resulting in an unusually long fluorescence lifetime (τ > 700 ps in CH2Cl2) and a high fluorescence quantum yield (ϕ = 0.14 in CH2Cl2). Their half-lives toward photobleaching are 2 orders of magnitude longer than the current standard (ICG in serum). They are stable in the presence of biorelevant concentration of nucleophiles or reactive oxygen species. They are minimally toxic and readily metabolized. Upon tail vein injection of ESi5a (as an example), the vasculature of a nude mouse was imaged with a high signal-to-background ratio. ESi5 dyes have broad potentials for bioimaging in the deep-NIR spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ruwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuyang Wu
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Sarah H Gardner
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Melissa Y Lucero
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jian Huang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, 1111 Halei Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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26
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Alachouzos G, Schulte AM, Mondal A, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Computational Design, Synthesis, and Photochemistry of Cy7-PPG, an Efficient NIR-Activated Photolabile Protecting Group for Therapeutic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201308. [PMID: 35181979 PMCID: PMC9311213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photolabile Protecting Groups (PPGs) are molecular tools used, for example, in photopharmacology for the activation of drugs with light, enabling spatiotemporal control over their potency. Yet, red-shifting of PPG activation wavelengths into the NIR range, which penetrates the deepest in tissue, has often yielded inefficient or insoluble molecules, hindering the use of PPGs in the clinic. To solve this problem, we report herein a novel concept in PPG design, by transforming clinically-applied NIR-dyes with suitable molecular orbital configurations into new NIR-PPGs using computational approaches. Using this method, we demonstrate how Cy7, a class of NIR dyes possessing ideal properties (NIR-absorption, high molecular absorptivity, excellent aqueous solubility) can be successfully converted into Cy7-PPG. We report a facile synthesis towards Cy7-PPG from accessible precursors and confirm its excellent properties as the most redshifted oxygen-independent NIR-PPG to date (λmax =746 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Alachouzos
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty for Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Albert M. Schulte
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty for Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty for Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Department of RadiologyMedical Imaging CenterUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty for Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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27
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Liu J, Wang L, Shen R, Zhao J, Qian Y. A novel heptamethine cyanine photosensitizer for FRET-amplified photodynamic therapy and two-photon imaging in A-549 cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 274:121083. [PMID: 35248855 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new cyanine-based photosensitizer Cy-N-Rh was developed for photodynamic therapy. Based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, utilizing the absorption of the donor rhodamine (Rh), the acceptor heptamethine cyanine unit (Cy) was indirectly excited to produce singlet oxygen (1O2). The efficiency of energy transfer from the donor Rh to the acceptor Cy was 78.5%. Meanwhile, the singlet oxygen yield of Cy-N-Rh (ΦΔ = 12.00%) was much higher than that of the acceptor Cy (ΦΔ = 4.35%) without FRET. Moreover, the dual cation gave Cy-N-Rh with excellent mitochondria-targeting ability with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.90 and 0.91, respectively. In the MTT test, Cy-N-Rh had low dark cytotoxicity with cell survival rate above 90% and high photo cytotoxicity with cell survival rate below 40%. The cell apoptosis assay also demonstrated the role of the photosensitizer Cy-N-R visually. More importantly, Cy-N-Rh fulfilled two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging under the 800 nm femtosecond laser. All results indicate that this design strategy provides a new method for the development of higher-level cyanine photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ronghua Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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28
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Wong KCY, Sletten EM. Extending optical chemical tools and technologies to mice by shifting to the shortwave infrared region. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 68:102131. [PMID: 35366502 PMCID: PMC9583727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is an indispensable method for studying biological processes non-invasively in cells and transparent organisms. Extension into the shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000-2000 nm) region of the electromagnetic spectrum has allowed for imaging in mammals with unprecedented depth and resolution for optical imaging. In this review, we summarize recent advances in imaging technologies, dye scaffold modifications, and incorporation of these dyes into probes for SWIR imaging in mice. Finally, we offer an outlook on the future of SWIR detection in the field of chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Y Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States.
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29
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Abstract
Currently, there is a substantial research effort to develop near-infrared fluorescent polymethine cyanine dyes for biological imaging and sensing. In water, cyanine dyes with extended conjugation are known to cross over the "cyanine limit" and undergo a symmetry breaking Peierls transition that favors an unsymmetric distribution of π-electron density and produces a broad absorption profile and low fluorescence brightness. This study shows how supramolecular encapsulation of a newly designed series of cationic, cyanine dyes by cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) can be used to alter the π-electron distribution within the cyanine chromophore. For two sets of dyes, supramolecular location of the surrounding CB7 over the center of the dye favors a nonpolar ground state, with a symmetric π-electron distribution that produces a sharpened absorption band with enhanced fluorescence brightness. The opposite supramolecular effect (i.e., broadened absorption and partially quenched fluorescence) is observed with a third set of dyes because the surrounding CB7 is located at one end of the encapsulated cyanine chromophore. From the perspective of enhanced near-infrared bioimaging and sensing in water, the results show how that the principles of host/guest chemistry can be employed to mitigate the "cyanine limit" problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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30
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Alachouzos G, Schulte AM, Mondal A, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Computational Design, Synthesis, and Photochemistry of Cy7PPG, an Efficient NIR‐Activated Photolabile Protecting Group for Therapeutic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Alachouzos
- Groningen University Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Faculty of Science and Engineering Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Albert M. Schulte
- Groningen University Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Faculty of Science and Engineering Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Groningen University Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Faculty of Science and Engineering Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- University Medical Centre Groningen: Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen Department of Radiology NETHERLANDS
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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31
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Wrona-Piotrowicz A, Makal A, Zakrzewski J. Highly Fluorescent Dyes Containing Conformationally Restrained Pyrazolylpyrene (Pyrazoolympicene) Chromophore. Molecules 2022; 27:1272. [PMID: 35209060 PMCID: PMC8875643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The triflic-acid-promoted cyclization of 1-phenyl-3-(pyren-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde afforded a mixture of 9-phenyl-7,9-dihydropyreno (10,1-fg)indazole and 9-phenylpyreno(10,1-fg)indazole-7(9H)-one, readily separable by column chromatography. Both products contained a rigid six-ringed pyrazoolympicene backbone and exhibited bright fluorescence in chloroform solution and a weak fluorescence in the solid state. DFT and TD DFT calculations revealed that the lowest excited state (S1) of these compounds is populated via HOMO →LUMO π-π * transition. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds behaved as weak bases and their emission spectra showed substantial changes upon protonation. Therefore, they may be of interest for sensing of strongly acidic fluorophore environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wrona-Piotrowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Makal
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Janusz Zakrzewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland;
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32
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Zhao X, Zhang F, Lei Z. The pursuit of polymethine fluorophores with NIR-II emission and high brightness for in vivo applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11280-11293. [PMID: 36320587 PMCID: PMC9533410 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymethine cyanine dyes, as the most important class of organic near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorophores, recently received increasing attention due to their high molar extinction coefficients, intensive fluorescence brightness, and flexible wavelength tunability for fluorescent bioimaging applications. Very recently, remarkable advances have been made in the development of NIR-II polymethine fluorophores with improved optical performance, mainly including tunable fluorescence, improved brightness, improved water solubility and stability. In this review, we summarize the recent research advances in molecular tailoring design strategies of NIR-II polymethine fluorophores, and then emphasize the representative bioimaging and biosensing applications. The potential challenges and perspectives of NIR-II polymethine fluorophores in this emerging field are also discussed. This review may provide guidance and reference for further development of high-performance NIR-II polymethine fluorophores to boost their clinical translation in the future. Overview of historical development for polymethine fluorophores with NIR-II emission and high brightness for in vivo applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Minhang Hospital and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zuhai Lei
- Minhang Hospital and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Eiring P, McLaughlin R, Matikonda SS, Han Z, Grabenhorst L, Helmerich DA, Meub M, Beliu G, Luciano M, Bandi V, Zijlstra N, Shi ZD, Tarasov SG, Swenson R, Tinnefeld P, Glembockyte V, Cordes T, Sauer M, Schnermann MJ. Targetable Conformationally Restricted Cyanines Enable Photon-Count-Limited Applications*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26685-26693. [PMID: 34606673 PMCID: PMC8649030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyanine dyes are exceptionally useful probes for a range of fluorescence-based applications, but their photon output can be limited by trans-to-cis photoisomerization. We recently demonstrated that appending a ring system to the pentamethine cyanine ring system improves the quantum yield and extends the fluorescence lifetime. Here, we report an optimized synthesis of persulfonated variants that enable efficient labeling of nucleic acids and proteins. We demonstrate that a bifunctional sulfonated tertiary amide significantly improves the optical properties of the resulting bioconjugates. These new conformationally restricted cyanines are compared to the parent cyanine derivatives in a range of contexts. These include their use in the plasmonic hotspot of a DNA-nanoantenna, in single-molecule Förster-resonance energy transfer (FRET) applications, far-red fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). These efforts define contexts in which eliminating cyanine isomerization provides meaningful benefits to imaging performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Eiring
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ryan McLaughlin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Siddharth S Matikonda
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Zhongying Han
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lennart Grabenhorst
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Dominic A Helmerich
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mara Meub
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerti Beliu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Luciano
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Venu Bandi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Niels Zijlstra
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zhen-Dan Shi
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Sergey G Tarasov
- Biophysics Resource in the Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rolf Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Viktorija Glembockyte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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34
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Friedman HC, Cosco ED, Atallah TL, Jia S, Sletten EM, Caram JR. Establishing design principles for emissive organic SWIR chromophores from energy gap laws. Chem 2021; 7:3359-3376. [PMID: 34901520 PMCID: PMC8664240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of bright near and shortwave infrared (NIR: 700-1000 SWIR: 1000- 2000 nm) emitters remains an open question with applications spanning imaging and photonics. Combining experiment and theory, we derive an energy gap quantum yield master equation (EQME), describing the fundamental limits in SWIR quantum yields (ϕ F ) for organic chromophores. Evaluating the photophysics of 21 polymethine NIR/SWIR chromophores to parameterize the EQME, we explain the precipitous decline of ϕ F past 900 nm through decreasing radiative rates and increasing nonradiative losses via high frequency vibrations relating to the energy gap. Using the EQME we develop an energy gap independent ϕ F NIR/SWIR chromophore comparison metric. We show electron donating character on polymethine heterocycles results in relative increases in radiative efficiency obscured by a simultaneous redshift. Finally, the EQME yields rational chromophore design insights shown by how deuteration (backed by our experimental results) or molecular aggregation increases SWIR ϕ F .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Emily D Cosco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305 USA
| | - Timothy L Atallah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Denison University, 500 West Loop, Granville, Ohio 43023
| | - Shang Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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35
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Eiring P, McLaughlin R, Matikonda SS, Han Z, Grabenhorst L, Helmerich DA, Meub M, Beliu G, Luciano M, Bandi V, Zijlstra N, Shi Z, Tarasov SG, Swenson R, Tinnefeld P, Glembockyte V, Cordes T, Sauer M, Schnermann MJ. Targetable Conformationally Restricted Cyanines Enable Photon‐Count‐Limited Applications**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Eiring
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ryan McLaughlin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Frederick MD 21702 USA
| | - Siddharth S. Matikonda
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Frederick MD 21702 USA
| | - Zhongying Han
- Physical and Synthetic Biology Faculty of Biology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadernerstr. 2–4 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Lennart Grabenhorst
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Dominic A. Helmerich
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mara Meub
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Gerti Beliu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Luciano
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Frederick MD 21702 USA
| | - Venu Bandi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Frederick MD 21702 USA
| | - Niels Zijlstra
- Physical and Synthetic Biology Faculty of Biology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadernerstr. 2–4 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Zhen‐Dan Shi
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Rockville MD 20850 USA
| | - Sergey G. Tarasov
- Biophysics Resource in the Center for Structural Biology Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Frederick MD 21702 USA
| | - Rolf Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Rockville MD 20850 USA
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Viktorija Glembockyte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Physical and Synthetic Biology Faculty of Biology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Großhadernerstr. 2–4 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin J. Schnermann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Frederick MD 21702 USA
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Štacko P, Šolomek T. Photoremovable Protecting Groups: Across the Light Spectrum to Near- Infrared Absorbing Photocages. Chimia (Aarau) 2021; 75:873-881. [PMID: 34728015 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss the past decade of progress in the field of photoremovable protecting groups that allowed the development of photocages activatable by near-IR light and highlight the individual conceptual advancements that lead to general guidelines to design new such photoremovable protecting groups. We emphasize the importance of understanding the individual photochemical reaction mechanisms that was necessary to achieve this progress and provide an outlook of the subsequent steps to facilitate a swift translation of this research into clinical praxis. Since this issue of CHIMIA is dedicated to the late Prof. Thomas Bally, we decided to provide a personal perspective on the field to which he contributed himself. We tried to write this review with the general readership of CHIMIA in mind in a hope to pay a tribute to the extraordinary dedication and clarity with which Thomas Bally used to explain abstract chemical concepts to his students or colleagues. We are uncertain whether we matched such challenge but we believe that he would have liked such approach very much.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Štacko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich; Prievidza Chemical Society, M. Hodžu 10/16, 971 01 Prievidza, Slovakia;,
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Prievidza Chemical Society, M. Hodžu 10/16, 971 01 Prievidza, Slovakia;,
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37
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Glembockyte V, Grabenhorst L, Trofymchuk K, Tinnefeld P. DNA Origami Nanoantennas for Fluorescence Enhancement. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3338-3348. [PMID: 34435769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to increase fluorescence by plasmonic effects in the near-field of metal nanostructures was recognized more than half a century ago. A major challenge, however, was to use this effect because placing single quantum emitters in the nanoscale plasmonic hotspot remained unsolved for a long time. This not only presents a chemical problem but also requires the nanostructure itself to be coaligned with the polarization of the excitation light. Additional difficulties arise from the complex distance dependence of fluorescence emission: in contrast to other surface-enhanced spectroscopies (such as Raman spectroscopy), the emitter should not be placed as close as possible to the metallic nanostructure but rather needs to be at an optimal distance on the order of a few nanometers to avoid undesired quenching effects.Our group addressed these challenges almost a decade ago by exploiting the unique positioning ability of DNA nanotechnology and reported the first self-assembled DNA origami nanoantennas. This Account summarizes our work spanning from this first proof-of-principle study to recent advances in utilizing DNA origami nanoantennas for single DNA molecule detection on a portable smartphone microscope.We summarize different aspects of DNA origami nanoantennas that are essential for achieving strong fluorescence enhancement and discuss how single-molecule fluorescence studies helped us to gain a better understanding of the interplay between fluorophores and plasmonic hotspots. Practical aspects of preparing the DNA origami nanoantennas and extending their utility are also discussed.Fluorescence enhancement in DNA origami nanoantennas is especially exciting for signal amplification in molecular diagnostic assays or in single-molecule biophysics, which could strongly benefit from higher time resolution. Additionally, biophysics can greatly profit from the ultrasmall effective detection volumes provided by DNA nanoantennas that allow single-molecule detection at drastically elevated concentrations as is required, e.g., in single-molecule DNA sequencing approaches.Finally, we describe our most recent progress in developing DNA NanoAntennas with Cleared HOtSpots (NACHOS) that are fully compatible with biomolecular assays. The developed DNA origami nanoantennas have proven robustness and remain functional after months of storage. As an example, we demonstrated for the first time the single-molecule detection of DNA specific to antibiotic-resistant bacteria on a portable and battery-driven smartphone microscope enabled by DNA origami nanoantennas. These recent developments mark a perfect moment to summarize the principles and the synthesis of DNA origami nanoantennas and give an outlook of new exciting directions toward using different nanomaterials for the construction of nanoantennas as well as for their emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Glembockyte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Lennart Grabenhorst
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Kateryna Trofymchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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38
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Maillard J, Rumble CA, Fürstenberg A. Red-Emitting Fluorophores as Local Water-Sensing Probes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9727-9737. [PMID: 34406003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are known for their ability to sense changes in their direct environment. We introduce here the idea that common red-emitting fluorophores recommended for biological labeling and typically used for simple visualization of biomolecules can also act as reporters of the water content in their first solvent sphere by a simple measurement of their fluorescence lifetime. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we investigated the excited-state dynamics of seven commercially available fluorophores emitting between 650 and 800 nm that are efficiently quenched by H2O. The amount of H2O in their direct surrounding was modulated in homogeneous H2O-D2O mixtures or, in heterogeneous systems, by confining them into reverse micelles, by encapsulating them into host-guest complexes with cyclodextrins, or by attaching them to peptides and proteins. We found that their fluorescence properties can be rationalized in terms of the amount of H2O in their direct surroundings, which provides a general mechanism for protein-induced fluorescence enhancements of red-emitting dyes and opens perspectives for directly counting water molecules in key biological environments or in polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A Rumble
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona College, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, Pennsylvania 16601, United States
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39
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Cosco ED, Arús BA, Spearman AL, Atallah TL, Lim I, Leland OS, Caram JR, Bischof TS, Bruns OT, Sletten EM. Bright Chromenylium Polymethine Dyes Enable Fast, Four-Color In Vivo Imaging with Shortwave Infrared Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6836-6846. [PMID: 33939921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging within the shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000-2000 nm) region of the electromagnetic spectrum has enabled high-resolution and high-contrast imaging in mice, non-invasively. Polymethine dyes, with their narrow absorption spectra and high absorption coefficients, are optimal probes for fast and multiplexed SWIR imaging. Here, we expand upon the multiplexing capabilities in SWIR imaging by obtaining brighter polymethine dyes with varied excitation wavelengths spaced throughout the near-infrared (700-1000 nm) region. Building on the flavylium polymethine dye scaffold, we explored derivatives with functional group substitution at the 2-position, deemed chromenylium polymethine dyes. The reported dyes have reduced nonradiative rates and enhanced emissive properties, enabling non-invasive imaging in mice in a single color at 300 fps and in three colors at 100 fps. Combined with polymethine dyes containing a red-shifted julolidine flavylium heterocycle and indocyanine green, distinct channels with well-separated excitation wavelengths provide non-invasive video-rate in vivo imaging in four colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Cosco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernardo A Arús
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anthony L Spearman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Timothy L Atallah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Irene Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Olivia S Leland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Thomas S Bischof
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Bruns
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, D-80333 München, Germany
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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40
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Lerner E, Barth A, Hendrix J, Ambrose B, Birkedal V, Blanchard SC, Börner R, Sung Chung H, Cordes T, Craggs TD, Deniz AA, Diao J, Fei J, Gonzalez RL, Gopich IV, Ha T, Hanke CA, Haran G, Hatzakis NS, Hohng S, Hong SC, Hugel T, Ingargiola A, Joo C, Kapanidis AN, Kim HD, Laurence T, Lee NK, Lee TH, Lemke EA, Margeat E, Michaelis J, Michalet X, Myong S, Nettels D, Peulen TO, Ploetz E, Razvag Y, Robb NC, Schuler B, Soleimaninejad H, Tang C, Vafabakhsh R, Lamb DC, Seidel CAM, Weiss S. FRET-based dynamic structural biology: Challenges, perspectives and an appeal for open-science practices. eLife 2021; 10:e60416. [PMID: 33779550 PMCID: PMC8007216 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) has become a mainstream technique for studying biomolecular structural dynamics. The rapid and wide adoption of smFRET experiments by an ever-increasing number of groups has generated significant progress in sample preparation, measurement procedures, data analysis, algorithms and documentation. Several labs that employ smFRET approaches have joined forces to inform the smFRET community about streamlining how to perform experiments and analyze results for obtaining quantitative information on biomolecular structure and dynamics. The recent efforts include blind tests to assess the accuracy and the precision of smFRET experiments among different labs using various procedures. These multi-lab studies have led to the development of smFRET procedures and documentation, which are important when submitting entries into the archiving system for integrative structure models, PDB-Dev. This position paper describes the current 'state of the art' from different perspectives, points to unresolved methodological issues for quantitative structural studies, provides a set of 'soft recommendations' about which an emerging consensus exists, and lists openly available resources for newcomers and seasoned practitioners. To make further progress, we strongly encourage 'open science' practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Lerner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Anders Barth
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-UniversitätDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Benjamin Ambrose
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Victoria Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO center, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Scott C Blanchard
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - Richard Börner
- Laserinstitut HS Mittweida, University of Applied Science MittweidaMittweidaGermany
| | - Hoi Sung Chung
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-MartinsriedGermany
| | - Timothy D Craggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Ashok A Deniz
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati School of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Jingyi Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Ruben L Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Irina V Gopich
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Christian A Hanke
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-UniversitätDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Centre, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Denmark Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sungchul Hohng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Seok-Cheol Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Physics, Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Thorsten Hugel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Antonino Ingargiola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Chirlmin Joo
- Department of BioNanoScience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
| | - Achillefs N Kapanidis
- Biological Physics Research Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Harold D Kim
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Ted Laurence
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreUnited States
| | - Nam Ki Lee
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB)MainzGermany
| | - Emmanuel Margeat
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Universitié de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Xavier Michalet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Sua Myong
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniel Nettels
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thomas-Otavio Peulen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Evelyn Ploetz
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchenGermany
| | - Yair Razvag
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nicole C Robb
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Schuler
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Hamid Soleimaninejad
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform (BOMP), University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Chun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, PKU-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Reza Vafabakhsh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Don C Lamb
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchenGermany
| | - Claus AM Seidel
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-UniversitätDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Physiology, CaliforniaNanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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41
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Exner RM, Cortezon‐Tamarit F, Pascu SI. Explorations into the Effect of meso-Substituents in Tricarbocyanine Dyes: A Path to Diverse Biomolecular Probes and Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6230-6241. [PMID: 32959963 PMCID: PMC7985877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymethine cyanine dyes have been widely recognized as promising chemical tools for a range of life science and biomedical applications, such as fluorescent staining of DNA and proteins in gel electrophoresis, fluorescence guided surgery, or as ratiometric probes for probing biochemical pathways. The photophysical properties of such dyes can be tuned through the synthetic modification of the conjugated backbone, for example, by altering aromatic cores or by varying the length of the conjugated polymethine chain. Alternative routes to shaping the absorption, emission, and photostability of dyes of this family are centered around the chemical modifications on the polymethine chain. This Minireview aims to discuss strategies for the introduction of substituents in the meso-position, their effect on the photophysical properties of these dyes and some structure-activity correlations which could help overcome common limitations in the state of the art in the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger M. Exner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | | | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
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42
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Sun P, Zhang H, Sun Y, Liu J. The recent development of fluorescent probes for the detection of NADH and NADPH in living cells and in vivo. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 245:118919. [PMID: 32977107 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and its phosphate ester (NADPH) participate in numerous metabolic processes in living cells as electron carriers. The levels of NADH and NADPH in a cell are closely related to its metabolic and pathological state. It is important to monitor the levels of NADH and NADPH in living cells and in vivo in real-time. This review mainly focuses on fluorescent probes developed for monitoring NADH and NADPH in living cells and in vivo, and classifies them according to the recognition units. These fluorescence probes can rapidly respond to changes in NADH and NADPH levels without interference from other biomolecules, both in cell culture and in vivo. These probes have been employed to monitor NADH and NADPH levels in living cells, tumor spheroids, and in vivo; moreover, some of them can be used to discriminate normal cells from cancer cells, and detect cancer cell death due to reductive stress induced by natural antioxidants. This review is expected to inspire the generation of novel fluorescent probes for the detection of NADH and NADPH, and stimulate more attention in the development of fluorescent probes based on carbon dots and nanoparticles, as well as metal complex-based, time-gated luminescent probes for monitoring NADH and NADPH in both living cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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43
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Pascal S, David S, Andraud C, Maury O. Near-infrared dyes for two-photon absorption in the short-wavelength infrared: strategies towards optical power limiting. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6613-6658. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the field of two-photon absorbing chromophores in the short-wavelength infrared spectral range (SWIR 1100–2500 nm) are summarized, highlighting the development of optical power limiting devices in this spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pascal
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Sylvain David
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Olivier Maury
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
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44
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Exner RM, Cortezon‐Tamarit F, Pascu SI. Explorations into the Effect of
meso
‐Substituents in Tricarbocyanine Dyes: A Path to Diverse Biomolecular Probes and Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger M. Exner
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | | | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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45
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Josa‐Culleré L, Llebaria A. In the Search for Photocages Cleavable with Visible Light: An Overview of Recent Advances and Chemical Strategies. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Josa‐Culleré
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
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46
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Shrestha P, Dissanayake KC, Gehrmann EJ, Wijesooriya CS, Mukhopadhyay A, Smith EA, Winter AH. Efficient Far-Red/Near-IR Absorbing BODIPY Photocages by Blocking Unproductive Conical Intersections. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15505-15512. [PMID: 32786742 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Photocages are light-sensitive chemical protecting groups that give investigators control over activation of biomolecules using targeted light irradiation. A compelling application of far-red/near-IR absorbing photocages is their potential for deep tissue activation of biomolecules and phototherapeutics. Toward this goal, we recently reported BODIPY photocages that absorb near-IR light. However, these photocages have reduced photorelease efficiencies compared to shorter-wavelength absorbing photocages, which has hindered their application. Because photochemistry is a zero-sum competition of rates, improvement of the quantum yield of a photoreaction can be achieved either by making the desired photoreaction more efficient or by hobbling competitive decay channels. This latter strategy of inhibiting unproductive decay channels was pursued to improve the release efficiency of long-wavelength absorbing BODIPY photocages by synthesizing structures that block access to unproductive singlet internal conversion conical intersections, which have recently been located for simple BODIPY structures from excited state dynamic simulations. This strategy led to the synthesis of new conformationally restrained boron-methylated BODIPY photocages that absorb light strongly around 700 nm. In the best case, a photocage was identified with an extinction coefficient of 124000 M-1 cm-1, a quantum yield of photorelease of 3.8%, and an overall quantum efficiency of 4650 M-1 cm-1 at 680 nm. This derivative has a quantum efficiency that is 50-fold higher than the best known BODIPY photocages absorbing >600 nm, validating the effectiveness of a strategy for designing efficient photoreactions by thwarting competitive excited state decay channels. Furthermore, 1,7-diaryl substitutions were found to improve the quantum yields of photorelease by excited state participation and blocking ion pair recombination by internal nucleophilic trapping. No cellular toxicity (trypan blue exclusion) was observed at 20 μM, and photoactivation was demonstrated in HeLa cells using red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Komadhie C Dissanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Gehrmann
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Chamari S Wijesooriya
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Atreyee Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Emily A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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47
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Štacková L, Muchová E, Russo M, Slavíček P, Štacko P, Klán P. Deciphering the Structure–Property Relations in Substituted Heptamethine Cyanines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9776-9790. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Štacková
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Štacko
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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48
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Matikonda SS, Ivanic J, Gomez M, Hammersley G, Schnermann MJ. Core remodeling leads to long wavelength fluoro-coumarins. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7302-7307. [PMID: 34123014 PMCID: PMC8159424 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02566f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight, uncharged far-red and NIR dyes would be enabling for a range of imaging applications. Rational redesign of the coumarin scaffold leads to Fluoro-Coumarins (FCs), the lowest molecular weight dyes with emission maxima beyond 700, 800, and 900 nm. FCs display large Stokes shifts and high environmental sensitivity, with a 40-fold increase in emission intensity in hydrophobic solvents. Untargeted variants exhibit selective lipid droplet and nuclear staining in live cells. Furthermore, sulfo-lipid derivatization enables active targeting to the plasma membrane. Overall, these studies report a promising platform for the development of biocompatible, context-responsive imaging agents. Fluoro-Coumarins are a novel class of far-red and near-infrared solvent sensitive dyes of exceptionally low molecular weight.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth S Matikonda
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - Joseph Ivanic
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - Miguel Gomez
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - Gabrielle Hammersley
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
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49
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Matikonda SS, Götz R, McLaughlin R, Sauer M, Schnermann MJ. Conformationally restrained pentamethine cyanines and use in reductive single molecule localization microscopy. Methods Enzymol 2020; 641:225-244. [PMID: 32713524 PMCID: PMC10759545 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pentamethine cyanines are a class of far-red fluorophores that find extensive use in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), as well as a broad range of other techniques. A drawback of this scaffold is its relatively low quantum yields, which is due to excited state deactivation via trans-to-cis chromophore isomerization. Here we describe a synthetic strategy to improve the photon output of these molecules. In the key synthetic transformation, a protected dialdehyde precursor undergoes a cascade reaction that forms a tetracyclic ring system. The resulting conformationally restrained analogs exhibit improved fluorescence quantum yield and extended fluorescence lifetimes. These properties, together with their ability to efficiently recover from hydride reduction, enable a uniquely simple form of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth S Matikonda
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ralph Götz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ryan McLaughlin
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States.
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50
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Feng L, Chen W, Ma X, Liu SH, Yin J. Near-infrared heptamethine cyanines (Cy7): from structure, property to application. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9385-9397. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heptamethine cyanine dyes (Cy7) have attracted much attention in the field of biological application due to their unique structure and attractive near infrared (NIR) photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis; International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health; College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis; International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health; College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis; International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health; College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis; International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health; College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis; International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health; College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
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