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De Salvo A, Mancuso R, Wu XF. Carbonylative synthesis and functionalization of indoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:973-1000. [PMID: 38711593 PMCID: PMC11070973 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbonylation processes have become widely recognized as a versatile, convenient, and low-cost method for the synthesis of high-value compounds. Given the great importance of heterocyclic compounds, the carbonylative approach has become increasingly important for their synthesis. In this mini-review, as a class of benzo-fused nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, we summarized and discussed the recent achievements on the synthesis and functionalization of indole derivatives via carbonylative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex De Salvo
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Liaoning, China
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2
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Čarný T, Kisszékelyi P, Markovič M, Gracza T, Koóš P, Šebesta R. Mechanochemical Pd-Catalyzed Amino- and Oxycarbonylations using FeBr 2(CO) 4 as a CO Source. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38018997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of mechanochemical amino- and oxycarbonylation employing FeBr2(CO)4 as a solid CO source. This Pd/XantPhos-catalyzed reaction affords a range of carboxamides and esters from aryl iodides and various amines or phenols. Both primary and secondary amines, including amino acids, can be employed as N-nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Čarný
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Péter Kisszékelyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Markovič
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Gracza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Koóš
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Indolines via Dearomative Annulation of
N
‐acylindoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Sun A, Wang KK. Recent advances of three‐component reactions of simple indoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyong Wang
- Xinxiang University chemistry and chemical engineering Xinxiang 453000 Xinxiang CHINA
| | | | - Aili Sun
- Xinxiang University School of Pharmacy CHINA
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Tang B, Hua R. Cu(I)/Pd(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamidation and C-H Dehydrogenative Coupling of ortho-Alkynyl- N-arylbenzamides for Access to Isoindolo[2,1- a]Indol-6-Ones. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113393. [PMID: 35684329 PMCID: PMC9181885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient, atom-economic and one-pot synthesis of isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-ones via CuI/Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamidation of alkynyl group, and C-H dehydrogenative coupling of ortho-alkynyl-N-arylbenzamides has been developed. This transformation occurs with the use of oxygen as the oxidant, and water is the only by-product. The reaction shows a high tolerance to a variety of functional groups, and affords isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-ones in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China;
- College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6279-2596
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Shelke YG, Hande PE, Gharpure SJ. Recent advances in the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2- a]indoles and their derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7544-7574. [PMID: 34524330 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole unit is a privileged heterocycle found in numerous natural products and has been shown to exhibit diverse pharmacological properties. Thus, recent years have witnessed immense interest from the synthesis community on the synthesis of this scaffold. In light of the ever-increasing demand for pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles in drug discovery, this review provides an overview of recent synthesis methods for the preparation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles and their derivatives. The mechanistic pathway and stereo-electronic factors affecting the yield and selectivity of the product are briefly explained. Furthermore, we have attempted to demonstrate the utility of the developed methods in the synthesis of bioactive molecules and natural products, wherever offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh G Shelke
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Pankaj E Hande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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Wang Z, Xu S, Wang K, Kong N, Liu X. Recent Studies of Bifunctionalization of Simple Indoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Shaohong Xu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Niuniu Kong
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Chemistry Lishui University Zhejiang P. R. China
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Duan SB, Gao XJ, Zhang HY, Lu CC, Zhao J, Han YP, Zhang Y, Liang YM. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular tandem dearomatization of indoles for the synthesis of tetracyclic indolines. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Savela R, Méndez‐Gálvez C. Isoindolinone Synthesis via One-Pot Type Transition Metal Catalyzed C-C Bond Forming Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:5344-5378. [PMID: 33125790 PMCID: PMC8048987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Isoindolinone structure is an important privileged scaffold found in a large variety of naturally occurring as well as synthetic, biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds. Owing to its crucial role in a number of applications, the synthetic methodologies for accessing this heterocyclic skeleton have received significant attention during the past decade. In general, the synthetic strategies can be divided into two categories: First, direct utilization of phthalimides or phthalimidines as starting materials for the synthesis of isoindolinones; and second, construction of the lactam and/or aromatic rings by different catalytic methods, including C-H activation, cross-coupling, carbonylation, condensation, addition and formal cycloaddition reactions. Especially in the last mentioned, utilization of transition metal catalysts provides access to a broad range of substituted isoindolinones. Herein, the recent advances (2010-2020) in transition metal catalyzed synthetic methodologies via formation of new C-C bonds for isoindolinones are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto Savela
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry CentreLaboratory of Molecular Science and TechnologyÅbo Akademi UniversityBiskopsgatan 820500TurkuFinland
| | - Carolina Méndez‐Gálvez
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry CentreLaboratory of Molecular Science and TechnologyÅbo Akademi UniversityBiskopsgatan 820500TurkuFinland
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Reductive intramolecular coupling of phthalimides with esters and ketones by low-valent titanium. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Markovič M, Koóš P, Čarný T, Gracza T. Recent advances in the construction of isoindolo[2,1-a]indol/indolin-6-ones via C C cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shaughnessy KH. Monodentate Trialkylphosphines: Privileged Ligands in Metal-catalyzed Crosscoupling Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200211114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphines are widely used ligands in transition metal-catalyzed reactions.
Arylphosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, were among the first phosphines to show
broad utility in catalysis. Beginning in the late 1990s, sterically demanding and electronrich
trialkylphosphines began to receive attention as supporting ligands. These ligands
were found to be particularly effective at promoting oxidative addition in cross-coupling
of aryl halides. With electron-rich, sterically demanding ligands, such as tri-tertbutylphosphine,
coupling of aryl bromides could be achieved at room temperature. More
importantly, the less reactive, but more broadly available, aryl chlorides became accessible
substrates. Tri-tert-butylphosphine has become a privileged ligand that has found application
in a wide range of late transition-metal catalyzed coupling reactions. This success
has led to the use of numerous monodentate trialkylphosphines in cross-coupling reactions. This review
will discuss the general properties and features of monodentate trialkylphosphines and their application in
cross-coupling reactions of C–X and C–H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, United States
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