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Zhao Q, Zhang B, Hui W, Su Z, Wang H, Zhang Q, Gao K, Zhang X, Li BH, Gao X, Wang X, De Wolf S, Wang K, Pang S. Oxygen Vacancy Mediation in SnO 2 Electron Transport Layers Enables Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19108-19117. [PMID: 38847788 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Previous findings have suggested a close association between oxygen vacancies in SnO2 and charge carrier recombination as well as perovskite decomposition at the perovskite/SnO2 interface. Underlying the fundamental mechanism holds great significance in achieving a more favorable balance between the efficiency and stability. In this study, we prepared three SnO2 samples with different oxygen vacancy concentrations and observed that a low oxygen vacancy concentration is conducive to long-term device stability. Iodide ions were observed to easily diffuse into regions with high oxygen vacancies, thereby speeding up the deprotonation of FAI, as made evident by the detection of the decomposition product formamide. In contrast, a high oxygen vacancy concentration in SnO2 could prevent hole injection, leading to a decrease in interfacial recombination losses. To suppress this decomposition reaction and address the trade-off, we designed a bilayer SnO2 structure to ensure highly efficient carrier transport still while maintaining a chemically inert surface. As a result, an enhanced efficiency of 25.06% (certified at 24.55% with an active area of 0.09 cm2 under fast scan) was achieved, and the extended operational stability maintained 90% of their original efficiency (24.52%) after continuous operation for nearly 2000 h. Additionally, perovskite submodules with an active area of 14 cm2 were successfully assembled with a PCE of up to 22.96% (20.09% with an aperture area).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zhao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Bingqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hui
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Management, Xián Polytechnic University, Xián 710048, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Han Li
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, and KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Pang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
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Mohamad Noh MF, Arzaee NA, Harif MN, Mat Teridi MA, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Mahmood Zuhdi AW. Defect Engineering at Buried Interface of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400385. [PMID: 39031619 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have developed rapidly since the past decade with the aim to produce highly efficient photovoltaic technology at a low cost. Recently, physical and chemical defects at the buried interface of PSC including vacancies, impurities, lattice strain, and voids are identified as the next formidable hurdle to the further advancement of the performance of devices. The presence of these defects has unfavorably impacted many optoelectronic properties in the PSC, such as band alignment, charge extraction/recombination dynamics, ion migration behavior, and hydrophobicity. Herein, a broad but critical discussion on various essential aspects related to defects at the buried interface is provided. In particular, the defects existing at the surface of the underlying charge transporting layer (CTL) and the bottom surface of the perovskite film are initially elaborated. In situ and ex situ characterization approaches adopted to unveil hidden defects are elucidated to determine their influence on the efficiency, operational stability, and photocurrent-voltage hysteresis of PSC. A myriad of innovative strategies including defect management in CTL, the introduction of passivation materials, strain engineering, and morphological control used to address defects are also systematically elucidated to catalyze the further development of more efficient, reliable, and commercially viable photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Noh
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Affiqah Arzaee
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Najib Harif
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, 72000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Asri Mat Teridi
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Wafi Mahmood Zuhdi
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
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Das D, Shyam S. Reduced Work Function in Anatase ⟨101⟩ TiO 2 Films Self-Doped by O-Vacancy-Dependent Ti 3+ Bonds Controlling the Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10502-10517. [PMID: 38711250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
TiO2 has the proven capability of catalytically decomposing pollutants under light illumination, thereby embracing potential applications in wastewater management. The photocatalytic dye degradation activity is largely controlled by the optical band gap that dictates the extent of electron-hole pair generation via photon absorption, and the recombination kinetics of charges. In this context, the material's work function governs how easily the charge carriers can be transferred at the dye-adsorbed photocatalytically active sites. Accordingly, nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films are grown in the anatase phase with ⟨101⟩ orientation, using RF magnetron sputtering at 200 °C. Besides studying the film's structural morphology, optical band gap, and elemental composition, the electronic properties are extensively investigated. The work function of the material was controlled by varying the O-vacancy-dependent Ti3+ bonding configuration in the network. It has been demonstrated how the photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation activity of the nanocrystalline TiO2 films of predominantly the anatase phase improves on reducing the sputtering pressure during deposition. At a low deposition pressure of 20 mTorr, a low work function of ∼4.2 eV of the film, resulting from the formation of a Ti3+-bond through the O vacancies in the network, potentially increases its carrier lifetime and delivers the superior photocatalytic activity (∼82.7% dye degradation with a rate constant of k ∼ 0.0073 min-1) via silently facilitating fast electron transfer from the photocatalyst to the dye in the aqueous solution. The higher stoichiometric film prepared at p = 40 mTorr exhibits an inferior photocatalytic activity (∼20.4% dye degradation with a rate constant of k ∼ 0.0009 min-1), as retarded by its higher work function of ∼4.62 eV, despite retaining a relatively low band gap. Thus, without using any heterojunction or extrinsically doped photocatalyst, the dye degradation can be controlled simply by reducing the work function of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films via controlling the O-vacancy-dependent Ti3+ bonding in its self-doped network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Das
- Energy Research Unit, School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sukalyan Shyam
- Energy Research Unit, School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Wan H, Jung ED, Zhu T, Park SM, Pina JM, Xia P, Bertens K, Wang YK, Atan O, Chen H, Hou Y, Lee S, Won YH, Kim KH, Hoogland S, Sargent EH. Nickel Oxide Hole Injection Layers for Balanced Charge Injection in Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402371. [PMID: 38597692 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are promising for next-generation displays, but suffer from carrier imbalance arising from lower hole injection compared to electron injection. A defect engineering strategy is reported to tackle transport limitations in nickel oxide-based inorganic hole-injection layers (HILs) and find that hole injection is able to enhance in high-performance InP QLEDs using the newly designed material. Through optoelectronic simulations, how the electronic properties of NiOx affect hole injection efficiency into an InP QD layer, finding that efficient hole injection depends on lowering the hole injection barrier and enhancing the acceptor density of NiOx is explored. Li doping and oxygen enriching are identified as effective strategies to control intrinsic and extrinsic defects in NiOx, thereby increasing acceptor density, as evidenced by density functional theory calculations and experimental validation. With fine-tuned inorganic HIL, InP QLEDs exhibit a luminance of 45 200 cd m-2 and an external quantum efficiency of 19.9%, surpassing previous inorganic HIL-based QLEDs. This study provides a path to designing inorganic materials for more efficient and sustainable lighting and display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Eui Dae Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - So Min Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Joao M Pina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Pan Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Koen Bertens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Ozan Atan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Haijie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yu-Ho Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
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Palomares-Reyna D, Palomino-Resendiz RL, García-Pérez UM, Fuentes-Camargo I, Lartundo-Rojas L, Sosa-Rodríguez FS, Vilar VJP, Vazquez-Arenas J. Influence of oxygen vacancies, surface composition, and crystallite size on the photoelectrochemical oxidation activity of C,N-codoped TiO 2 for cefadroxil abatement along with O 3. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140133. [PMID: 37704085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims the development of photoelectrodes to be incorporated in a photoelectrocatalytic ozonation (PECO) process for tertiary treatment of urban wastewaters, targeting the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). PECO tests were performed using urban wastewater after secondary treatment fortified with Cefadroxil (CFX, C16H17N3O5S), as target model CEC. Three Nitrogen and Carbon doped TiO2 (CN-TiO2) electrodes were synthesized by anodizing at 50, 70, and 90 V, and calcined. These materials were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, to correlate defects with photoactivity. All photoanodes considerably reduced their main bandgaps by the incorporation of C and N species, to enable absorption capacities in the UV region using a Xe lamp. The lowest oxygen vacancy content and largest crystallite size were found for CN-TiO2-70, favoring the reduction of bulk defects that could act as recombination of charge carriers. Therefore, oxygen vacancies affect more the TiO2 photoactivity compared to the crystallite size or the light absorption capacity, confirming that a lower content of vacancies in the material bulk and surface doping significantly influence the activity as detected by Rietveld refinement, DRS, and XPS. The electrochemical techniques confirm that the highest photocurrent was obtained for CN-TiO2-70, whence this photoanode was chosen to carry out the CFX degradation. A point defect model simulating Nyquist plot reveals that the photoactivity depends on the speed to diffuse oxygen vacancies through the TiO2 coating. All abatement processes were followed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). At neutral and alkaline conditions, CFX is eliminated to levels below the analytical detection limit after 90 min of treatment (TOC removals of 87 and 91%, respectively), indicating that the coupling between the CN-TiO2-70 photocatalyst and ozone is effective in eliminating the contaminant due to parallel routes forming •OH species. Lower CFX degradation observed at acidic pH (TOC removal of 70%) is assigned to the difficulty of oxidizing protonated CFX species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Palomares-Reyna
- Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. La Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, Mexico; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Sanfandila s/n, Pedro Escobedo, 76703, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Roberto L Palomino-Resendiz
- Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. La Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, Mexico
| | - Ulises M García-Pérez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica, Carretera a Salinas Victoria Km 2.3, C.P. 66600, Apodaca, N.L., Mexico
| | - Iliana Fuentes-Camargo
- Ing. Química Ambiental, ESIQIE-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - Luis Lartundo-Rojas
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro Nanotecnologías-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Luis Enrique Erro s/n, U. P. Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - Fabiola S Sosa-Rodríguez
- Research Area of Growth and Environment, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Azcapotzalco (UAM-A), Av. San Pablo 180, Mexico City, 02200, Mexico
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Vazquez-Arenas
- Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. La Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, Mexico.
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6
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Liu J, Li S, Qiu Z, Liu Y, Qiu C, Zhang W, Qi J, Chen K, Wang W, Wang C, Cui Z, Su Y, Hu Y, Mei A, Han H. Stratified Oxygen Vacancies Enhance the Performance of Mesoporous TiO 2 Electron Transport Layer in Printable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300737. [PMID: 37060225 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The low electrical conductivity and the high surface defect density of the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) limit the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of corresponding perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the conductivity and defect modulation of the mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2 ) ETL via oxygen vacancy (OV) management by the reduction and oxidation treatment are reported. Reduction treatment via reducing agent introduces abundant OVs into the TiO2 nanocrystalline particles on the surface and at the subsurface. The following oxidation treatment via hydrogen peroxide removes the surface OVs while remains the subsurface OVs, resulting in stratified OVs. The stratified OVs improve the conductivity of TiO2 ETL by increasing carrier donors and decrease nonradiative centers by reducing surface defects. Such synergy ensures the capability of mp-TiO2 as the well-performed ETL with improved energy level alignment, suppressed interface recombination, enhanced carrier extraction, and transport. As a result, printable hole-conductor-free carbon-based mesoscopic PSCs based on the modulated mp-TiO2 ETL demonstrate a highest reported PCE of 18.96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Liu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zexiong Qiu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianhang Qi
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhen Cui
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yaqiong Su
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Anyi Mei
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
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7
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Recovery of oxidized two-dimensional MXenes through high frequency nanoscale electromechanical vibration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 36596770 PMCID: PMC9810719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MXenes hold immense potential given their superior electrical properties. The practical adoption of these promising materials is, however, severely constrained by their oxidative susceptibility, leading to significant performance deterioration and lifespan limitations. Attempts to preserve MXenes have been limited, and it has not been possible thus far to reverse the material's performance. In this work, we show that subjecting oxidized micron or nanometer thickness dry MXene films-even those constructed from nanometer-order solution-dispersed oxidized flakes-to just one minute of 10 MHz nanoscale electromechanical vibration leads to considerable removal of its surface oxide layer, whilst preserving its structure and characteristics. Importantly, electrochemical performance is recovered close to that of their original state: the pseudocapacitance, which decreased by almost 50% due to its oxidation, reverses to approximately 98% of its original value, with good capacitance retention ( ≈ 93%) following 10,000 charge-discharge cycles at 10 A g-1. These promising results allude to the exciting possibility for rejuvenating the material for reuse, therefore offering a more economical and sustainable route that improves its potential for practical translation.
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8
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Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Cancer Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles with Self-Functionalized 3D Nanosensor for Real-Time Cancer Diagnosis: Eliminating the Roadblocks in Liquid Biopsy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12226-12243. [PMID: 35968931 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy for determining the presence of cancer and the underlying tissue of origin is crucial to overcome the limitations of existing tissue biopsy and imaging-based techniques by capturing critical information from the dynamic tumor heterogeneity. A newly emerging liquid biopsy with extracellular vesicles (EVs) is gaining momentum, but its clinical relevance is in question due to the biological and technical challenges posed by existing technologies. The biological barriers of existing technologies include the inability to generate fundamental details of molecular structure, chemical composition as well as functional variations in EVs by gathering simultaneous information on multiple intra-EV molecules, unavailability of holistic qualitative analysis, in addition to the inability to identify tissue of origin. Technological barriers include reliance on EV isolation with a few labeled biomarkers, resulting in the inability to generate comprehensive information on the disease. A more favorable approach would be to generate holistic information on the disease without the use of labels. Such a marker-free diagnosis is impossible with the existing liquid biopsy due to the unavailability clinically validated cancer stem cells (CSC)-specific markers and dependence of existing technologies on EV isolation, undermining the clinical relevance of EV-based liquid biopsy. Here, CSC EVs were employed as an independent liquid biopsy modality. We hypothesize that tracking the signals of CSCs in peripheral blood with CSC EVs will provide a reliable solution for accurate cancer diagnosis, as CSC are the originators of tumor contributing to tumor heterogeneity. We report nanoengineered 3D sensors of extremely small nano-scaled probes self-functionalized for SERS, enabling integrative molecular and functional profiling of otherwise undetectable CSC EVs. A substantially enhanced SERS and ultralow limit of detection (10 EVs per 10 μL) were achieved. This was attributed to the efficient probe-EV interaction due to the 3D networks of nanoprobes, ensuring simultaneous detection of multiple EV signals. We experimentally demonstrate the crucial role of CSC EVs in cancer diagnosis. We then completed a pilot validation of this modality for cancer detection as well as for identification of the tissue of origin. An artificial neural network distinguished cancer from noncancer with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for three hard to detect cancers (breast, lung, and colorectal cancer). Binary classification to distinguish one tissue of origin against all other achieved 100% accuracy, while simultaneous identification of all three tissues of origin with multiclass classification achieved up to 79% accuracy. This noninvasive tool may complement existing cancer diagnostics, treatment monitoring as well as longitudinal disease monitoring by validation with a large cohort of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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9
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The Potential Effect of Annealing Mesostructured Titanium Dioxide Electrode in a Closed Box Furnace on the Concentration of Lead (II) Iodide Solution Required for Optimal Performance of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly reproducible mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be fabricated using two-step sequential deposition of organo-lead halide (perovskite) active layer. However, differences in the processing conditions of individual layers which are subsequently assembled to construct the ultimate device can result in variations in the solar cell performance. For instance, here we report trends in the device performance as a function of PbI2 solution concentration, where the compact and mesoporous TiO2 layers were annealed in a closed box furnace (instead of doing it in open air). We observed that the devices prepared using 1.2 M PbI2 solution concentration performed better than those prepared from 0.8 M and 1 M PbI2 solutions. Generally, the researchers use the hot plate in an open-air environment or use a special hot plate where a continuous flow of air is ensured while annealing TiO2 electron selective layers (ESL) for perovskite solar cells. In this case, the highest possible device efficiencies are achieved using 1 M concentration of PbI2 solution. Although the influence of PbI2 solution concentration has been previously studied in detail, here our prime focus is to briefly comment on slight differences in the device performance trends which we observed in comparison to the previously reported results, where TiO2 layers were calcined in open air.
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10
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Ding Y, Ding B, Kanda H, Usiobo OJ, Gallet T, Yang Z, Liu Y, Huang H, Sheng J, Liu C, Yang Y, Queloz VIE, Zhang X, Audinot JN, Redinger A, Dang W, Mosconic E, Luo W, De Angelis F, Wang M, Dörflinger P, Armer M, Schmid V, Wang R, Brooks KG, Wu J, Dyakonov V, Yang G, Dai S, Dyson PJ, Nazeeruddin MK. Single-crystalline TiO 2 nanoparticles for stable and efficient perovskite modules. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:598-605. [PMID: 35449409 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells, going from individual small-size devices into large-area modules while preserving their commercial competitiveness compared with other thin-film solar cells remains a challenge. Major obstacles include reduction of both the resistive losses and intrinsic defects in the electron transport layers and the reliable fabrication of high-quality large-area perovskite films. Here we report a facile solvothermal method to synthesize single-crystalline TiO2 rhombohedral nanoparticles with exposed (001) facets. Owing to their low lattice mismatch and high affinity with the perovskite absorber, their high electron mobility and their lower density of defects, single-crystalline TiO2 nanoparticle-based small-size devices achieve an efficiency of 24.05% and a fill factor of 84.7%. The devices maintain about 90% of their initial performance after continuous operation for 1,400 h. We have fabricated large-area modules and obtained a certified efficiency of 22.72% with an active area of nearly 24 cm2, which represents the highest-efficiency modules with the lowest loss in efficiency when scaling up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ding
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL VALAIS, Sion, Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ding
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL VALAIS, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL VALAIS, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Onovbaramwen Jennifer Usiobo
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Thibaut Gallet
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Zhenhai Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiang Sheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL VALAIS, Sion, Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL VALAIS, Sion, Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Valentin Ianis Emmanuel Queloz
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL VALAIS, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Xianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jean-Nicolas Audinot
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics (AINA), Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alex Redinger
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Wei Dang
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Edoardo Mosconic
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche 'Giulio Natta' (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia, Italy
| | - Wen Luo
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL VALAIS, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mingkui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Melina Armer
- Experimental Physics VI, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schmid
- Experimental Physics VI, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keith G Brooks
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL VALAIS, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Engineering Research Centre of Green Functional Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Guanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Songyuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL VALAIS, Sion, Switzerland.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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11
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Mo H, Wang D, Chen Q, Guo W, Maniyarasu S, Thomas AG, Curry RJ, Li L, Liu Z. Laser-Assisted Ultrafast Fabrication of Crystalline Ta-Doped TiO 2 for High-Humidity-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15141-15153. [PMID: 35330992 PMCID: PMC9098116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A titanium dioxide (TiO2) compact film is a widely used electron transport layer (ETL) for n-i-p planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, TiO2 sufferers from poor electrical conductivity, leading to high energy loss at the perovskite/ETL/transparent conductive oxide interface. Doping the TiO2 film with alkali- and transition-metal elements is an effective way to improve its electrical conductivity. The conventional method to prepare these metal-doped TiO2 films commonly requires time-consuming furnace treatments at 450-600 °C for 30 min to 3 h. Herein, a rapid one-step laser treatment is developed to enable doping of tantalum (Ta) in TiO2 (Ta-TiO2) and to simultaneously induce the crystallization of TiO2 films from its amorphous precursor to an anatase phase. The PSCs based on the Ta-TiO2 films treated with the optimized fiber laser (1070 nm) processing parameters (21 s with a peak processing temperature of 800-850 °C) show enhanced photovoltaic performance in comparison to that of the device fabricated using furnace-treated films at 500 °C for 30 min. The ambient-processed planar PSCs fabricated under high relative humidity (RH) of 50-70% display power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.34% and 16.04% for devices based on Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3 absorbers, respectively. These results are due to the improved physical and chemical properties of the Ta-TiO2 films treated by the optimal laser process in comparison to those for the furnace process. The laser process is rapid, simple, and potentially scalable to produce metal-doped TiO2 films for efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Mo
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Wei Guo
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Suresh Maniyarasu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Andrew G. Thomas
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Richard J. Curry
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Lin Li
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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12
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Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan A, Kiani A. Tracking the Evolution of Metastasis with Self-Functionalized 3D Nanoprobes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1633-1647. [PMID: 35316034 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in cancer treatment, metastasis is the cause of mortality in 90% of cancer cases. It has now been well-established that dissemination of cancer cells to distant sites occurs very early during tumorigenesis, resulting in the minimal effect of surgical or chemotherapeutic treatments after the detection of metastasis. The underlying reason for this challenge is mostly due to the limited understanding of molecular mechanisms of the metastasis cascade, particularly related to metastatic traits. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate this currently invisible evolution of metastasis. The tracking of metastasis evolution has not been addressed yet. Here, we introduce, for the first time, a synchronous approach to unveil the molecular mechanisms of the metastasis cascade. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) demonstrate cancer initiation, drug resistance, metastasis, and tumor relapse and can exist in a quasi-intermediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition state, the tumor-initiating events during a CSCs metamorphosis were monitored with single-cell sensitivity. Because of the invasive and resistive properties of the metastable intermediate CSCs, investigation of the molecular profiles of the quasi-intermediate CSCs was necessary for the detection of metastasis dissemination. For this purpose, the ultrasensitive technique of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was adopted. Titanium-based, biocompatible three-dimensional (3D) nanoprobes that were synthesized for multiphoton ionization achieved a substantial SERS enhancement of ∼80-fold due to the oxygen vacancy-enriched composition of the nanoprobes. The 3D interconnected complex nanoarchitecture of the nanoprobes enabled us to entrap the nonadherent CSCs of three metastatic cancer cell lines (triple negative breast adenocarcinoma (MDAMB231), human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma (COLO 205), and cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa)─all very aggressive forms of cancer). The nanoprobes not only promoted the CSC proliferation to successfully attain the quasi-intermediate states but also monitored its reprogramming into a cancer cell state. The nanoprobes substantially amplified weak intracellular Raman signals to capture the molecular events during a CSC transformation. The detection of cancer was achieved with 100% accuracy. We experimentally demonstrated that the molecular signatures of CSC reprogramming are cancer-type specific. This observation enabled us to identify the origin of metastasis with 100% accuracy, providing more clarity on the relatively unknown quasi-intermediate states. This first demonstration of CSC-based tracking of metastasis evolution has the potential to provide an insightful perspective of tumorigenesis that could be useful in cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as in the monitoring of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada.,Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing research facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada.,BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada.,Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Akshay Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A3K7, Canada
| | - Amirkianoosh Kiani
- Silicon Hall: Micro/Nano Manufacturing Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street N, Oshawa, Ontario L1G0C5, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street N, Oshawa, Ontario L1G0C5, Canada
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13
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Mahapatra AD, Lee JW. Metal oxide charge transporting layers for stable high-performance perovskite solar cells. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00825d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in metal oxide charge transporting layers to achieve stable high-performance perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Das Mahapatra
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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14
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Santos S, Olukan TA, Lai CY, Chiesa M. Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air. Molecules 2021; 26:7083. [PMID: 34885666 PMCID: PMC8658801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we discuss the effects that the dynamics of the hydration layer and other variables, such as the tip radius, have on the availability of imaging regimes in dynamic AFM-including multifrequency AFM. Since small amplitudes are required for high-resolution imaging, we focus on these cases. It is possible to fully immerse a sharp tip under the hydration layer and image with amplitudes similar to or smaller than the height of the hydration layer, i.e., ~1 nm. When mica or HOPG surfaces are only cleaved, molecules adhere to their surfaces, and reaching a thermodynamically stable state for imaging might take hours. During these first hours, different possibilities for imaging emerge and change, implying that these conditions must be considered and reported when imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Santos
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.A.O.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Tuza A. Olukan
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.A.O.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.A.O.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Chiesa
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.A.O.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory for Energy and NanoScience, Masdar Institute Campus, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan DB. Boosting the sub-cellular biomolecular cancer signals by self-functionalized tag-free nano sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 190:113407. [PMID: 34134072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-based sub-cellular cancer diagnosis can simultaneously obtain multiple biomolecular signals crucial in diagnostic platform for a heterogeneous disease like cancer. But, SERS-probes being typically tagged with chemical functionalization demonstrate limitations due to adverse biocompatibility, ineffective cellular internalization, SERS-signal quenching and spectral contamination. Although, tag-free SERS-probes overcome these limitations; complexity in spectral interpretation and detection insensitivity make it disadvantageous. In this study, we have exploited the inherent charges of cellular biomolecules and introduced self-functionalized complementary charged, tag-free SERS nano probes for biomolecule-specific investigation. Extremely small nano probes (sub 10 nm), synthesized with multiphoton ionization were functionalized with charge by physical synthesis without any ligands or chemical processes. The probes demonstrated significant SERS (EF~106) with analyte molecules (4ATP & 4MBA). Multifold signal boost was achieved for the signals of cellular components - amplification of ~7 fold for DNA, ~16 fold for proteins and ~24 fold for lipids with the commentary charged nano probes as compared to the neutral nano probes. The signal boost was attributed to the efficient delivery of extremely small, complementary charged probes to the cellular biomolecules of interest enabling simultaneous detection of sub-cellular biomolecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids and with high reproducibility. Cancer classification and investigation of drug resistance in cancer with single cell sensitivity was demonstrated. Such biomolecule-specific investigation of cancer from intact cells will open pathways for comprehensive cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada; Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada; Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Dr Bo Tan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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16
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Wu S, Manuputty MY, Sheng Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Kraft M, Xu R. Flame Synthesized Blue TiO 2- x with Tunable Oxygen Vacancies from Surface to Grain Boundary to Bulk. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000928. [PMID: 34927894 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of nonstoichiometric metal oxides containing oxygen vacancies (OVs) has been an effective strategy to modulate their (photo)catalytic or (photo)electrochemical performances which are all affected by charge transfer at the interface and in the bulk. Considerable efforts are still needed to achieve tunability of OVs, as well as their quantitative characterization. Herein, a one-step flame synthesis method is reported for the first time for fast fabrication of blue TiO2- x with controllable defect content and location. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) analysis is applied for the first time and found to be an excellent technique in both differentiating and quantifying OVs at the surface, grain boundary (GB), and bulk of TiO2- x . The results indicate that a moderate level of OVs can greatly enhance the charge transfer. Importantly, the OVs locked at GBs due to the thermal sintering of nanoparticles during the synthesis can facilitate the anchoring and reduction of Pt species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- C4T CREATE, National Research Foundation, CREATE Tower 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Manoel Y Manuputty
- C4T CREATE, National Research Foundation, CREATE Tower 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yuan Sheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- C4T CREATE, National Research Foundation, CREATE Tower 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Haojing Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yong Yan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- C4T CREATE, National Research Foundation, CREATE Tower 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Markus Kraft
- C4T CREATE, National Research Foundation, CREATE Tower 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Rong Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- C4T CREATE, National Research Foundation, CREATE Tower 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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17
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Zhang Y, Kirs A, Ambroz F, Lin CT, Bati ASR, Parkin IP, Shapter JG, Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ. Ambient Fabrication of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000744. [PMID: 34927807 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge technology. Over the past few years, excellent progress in fabricating PSCs in ambient conditions has been made. These advancements have drawn considerable research interest in the photovoltaic community and shown great promise for the successful commercialization of efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, after providing an overview to the influence of an ambient fabrication environment on perovskite films, recent advances in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs in ambient conditions are discussed. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient PSCs under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ashleigh Kirs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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18
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Wu S, Ishisone K, Sheng Y, Manuputty MY, Kraft M, Xu R. TiO 2 with controllable oxygen vacancies for efficient isopropanol degradation: photoactivity and reaction mechanism. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00417d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flame-synthesized TiO2−x with controllable defects exhibits a remarkable photooxidation efficiency of gaseous isopropanol with the reaction mechanism investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
- C4T CREATE
| | - Kana Ishisone
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Yuan Sheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
- C4T CREATE
| | - Manoel Y. Manuputty
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
- C4T CREATE
| | - Markus Kraft
- C4T CREATE
- National Research Foundation
- Singapore 138602
- Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
| | - Rong Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
- C4T CREATE
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19
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Ko J, Berger R, Lee H, Yoon H, Cho J, Char K. Electronic effects of nano-confinement in functional organic and inorganic materials for optoelectronics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3585-3628. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01501f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the electronic effects of nano-confinement (from 1D to 3D geometries) on optoelectronic materials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkuk Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Physics at Interfaces
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Seoul National University of Science & Technology
- Seoul 01811
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Yoon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Seoul National University of Science & Technology
- Seoul 01811
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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20
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Liu Z, Wu S, Yang X, Zhou Y, Jin J, Sun J, Zhao L, Wang S. The dual interfacial modification of 2D g-C 3N 4 for high-efficiency and stable planar perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5396-5402. [PMID: 36132046 PMCID: PMC9417438 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Carrier recombination and charge loss at the interfaces of perovskite layers have a significant influence on high-performance planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We employed two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which is a heat-resistant n-type semiconductor, to modify the electron-transport layer/perovskite and perovskite/hole-transport layer interfaces, respectively. g-C3N4 could passivate the surface trap states of the methylammonium lead iodide light absorber through the formation of a Lewis adduct between N and the under-coordinated Pb, and it could also remarkably reduce the grain boundaries between perovskite crystal particles. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.67% (V oc = 1.14 V, J sc = 21.45 mA cm-2, FF = 0.807) could be obtained from planar PSCs with long-term stability using dual-positioned g-C3N4. Therefore, we consider that ultrathin semiconductor films with a Lewis base nature are suitable as dual-functional transport materials for devices. This work provides new guidance for dual-interfacial modification to improve the PCE and stability of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Wuhan 430062 PR China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Shuzhen Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Wuhan 430062 PR China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Wuhan 430062 PR China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Wuhan 430062 PR China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Jiaren Jin
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Wuhan 430062 PR China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Junmei Sun
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 P. R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Wuhan 430062 PR China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Wuhan 430062 PR China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
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21
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Ko J, Kim Y, Kang JS, Berger R, Yoon H, Char K. Enhanced Vertical Charge Transport of Homo- and Blended Semiconducting Polymers by Nanoconfinement. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908087. [PMID: 31984584 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of conjugated polymers has critical influences on electronic and optical properties of optoelectronic devices. Even though lots of techniques and methods are suggested to control the morphology of polymers, very few studies have been performed inducing high charge transport along out-of-plane direction. In this study, the self-assembly of homo- and blended conjugated polymers which are confined in nanostructures is utilized. The resulting structures lead to high charge mobility along vertical direction for both homo- and blended conjugated polymers. Both semicrystalline and amorphous polymers show highly increased population of face-on crystallite despite intrinsic crystallinity of polymers. They result in more than two orders of magnitude enhanced charge mobility along vertical direction revealed by nanoscale conductive scanning force microscopy and macroscale IV characteristic measurements. Moreover, blends of semicrystalline and amorphous polymers, which are known to show inferior optical and electrical properties due to their structural incompatibility, are formed into harmonious states by this approach. Assembly of blends of semicrystalline and amorphous polymers under nanoconfinement shows charge mobility in out-of-plane direction of 0.73 cm2 V-1 s-1 with wide range of absorption wavelength from 300 to 750 nm demonstrating the synergistic effects of two different polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkuk Ko
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Youngkeol Kim
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hyunsik Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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22
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Chavan RD, Tavakoli MM, Prochowicz D, Yadav P, Lote SS, Bhoite SP, Nimbalkar A, Hong CK. Atomic Layer Deposition of an Effective Interface Layer of TiN for Efficient and Hysteresis-Free Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8098-8106. [PMID: 31994862 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced outstanding advances in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) by employing new electron transport layers (ETLs), interface engineering, optimizing perovskite morphology, and improving charge collection efficiency. In this work, we study the role of a new ultrathin interface layer of titanium nitride (TiN) conformally deposited on a mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2) scaffold using the atomic layer deposition method. Our characterization results revealed that the presence of TiN at the ETL/perovskite interface improves the charge collection as well as reduces the interface recombination. We find that the morphology (grain size) and optical properties of the perovskite film deposited on the optimized mp-TiO2/TiN ETL are improved drastically, leading to devices with a maximum PCE of 19.38% and a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.148 V with negligible hysteresis and improved environmental (∼40% RH) and thermal (80 °C) stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit D Chavan
- Polymer Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , South Korea
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Sharif University of Technology , Tehran 14588 , Iran
| | - Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Solar Energy, School of Technology , Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University , Gandhinagar 382 007 , Gujarat , India
| | - Shivani S Lote
- Polymer Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , South Korea
| | - Sangram P Bhoite
- Polymer Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , South Korea
| | - Ajaysing Nimbalkar
- Polymer Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , South Korea
| | - Chang Kook Hong
- Polymer Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , South Korea
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23
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Li Y, Hoye RLZ, Gao HH, Yan L, Zhang X, Zhou Y, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Gan J. Over 20% Efficiency in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability via "in Situ Solidification" of the TiO 2 Compact Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7135-7143. [PMID: 31961122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the device performance is strongly influenced by the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL). Typically, the ETL needs to simultaneously be thin and pinhole-free to have high transmittance and avoid shunting. In this work, we develop an "in situ solidification" process following spin coating in which the titanium-based precursor (titanium(diisopropoxide) bis(2,4-pentanedionate)) is dried under vacuum to rapidly achieve continuous TiO2 layers. We refer to this as "gas-phase quenching". This results in thin (60 ± 10 nm), uniform, and pinhole-free TiO2 films. The PSCs based on the gas-phase quenched TiO2 exhibits improved power conversion efficiency, with a median value of 18.23% (champion value of 20.43%), compared to 9.03 and 14.09% for the untreated devices. Gas-phase quenching is further shown to be effective in enabling efficient charge transfer at the MAPbI3/TiO2 heterointerface. Furthermore, the stability of the gas-phase quenched devices is enhanced in ambient air as well as under 1 sun illumination. In addition, we achieve 12.1% efficiency in upscaled devices (1.1 cm2 active area).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Huan-Huan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lihe Yan
- School of Electronic & Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Jiantuo Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
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24
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Wang B, Zhang M, Cui X, Wang Z, Rager M, Yang Y, Zou Z, Wang ZL, Lin Z. Unconventional Route to Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xun Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zewei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Matthew Rager
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yingkui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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25
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Wang B, Zhang M, Cui X, Wang Z, Rager M, Yang Y, Zou Z, Wang ZL, Lin Z. Unconventional Route to Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1611-1618. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xun Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zewei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Matthew Rager
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yingkui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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