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Maffioli E, Nonnis S, Negri A, Fontana M, Frabetti F, Rossi AR, Tedeschi G, Toni M. Environmental Temperature Variation Affects Brain Lipid Composition in Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9629. [PMID: 39273578 PMCID: PMC11394874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves deeper into the impact of environmental temperature variations on the nervous system in teleost fish. Previous research has demonstrated that exposing adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 18 °C and 34 °C for 4 or 21 days induces behavioural changes compared to fish kept at a control temperature of 26 °C, suggesting alterations in the nervous system. Subsequent studies revealed that these temperature conditions also modify brain protein expression, indicating potential neurotoxic effects. The primary aim of this work was to investigate the effects of prolonged exposure (21 days) to 18 °C or 34 °C on the brain lipidomes of adult zebrafish compared to a control temperature. Analysis of the brain lipidome highlighted significant alteration in the relative abundances of specific lipid molecules at 18 °C and 34 °C, confirming distinct effects induced by both tested temperatures. Exposure to 18 °C resulted in an increase in levels of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine, alongside a general reduction in levels of sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin. Conversely, exposure to 34 °C produced more pronounced effects, with increases in levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and those of various sphingolipids such as ceramide, gangliosides, and sphingomyelin, alongside a reduction in levels of ether phospholipids, including lysophosphatidylethanolamine ether, phosphatidylethanolamine ether, and phosphatidylglycerol ether, as well as levels of glycolipids like monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. These results, when integrated with existing proteomic and behavioural data, offer new insights into the effects of thermal variations on the nervous system in teleost fish. Specifically, our proteomic and lipidomic findings suggest that elevated temperatures may disrupt mitochondrial function, increase neuronal susceptibility to oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, alter axonal myelination, impair nerve impulse transmission, hinder synapse function and neurotransmitter release, and potentially lead to increased neuronal death. These findings are particularly relevant in the fields of cell biology, neurobiology, and ecotoxicology, especially in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- CRC "Innovation for Well-Being and Environment" (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Armando Negri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Manuela Fontana
- Unitech OMICs, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Frabetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- CRC "Innovation for Well-Being and Environment" (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Spathopoulou A, Sauerwein GA, Marteau V, Podlesnic M, Lindlbauer T, Kipura T, Hotze M, Gabassi E, Kruszewski K, Koskuvi M, Réthelyi JM, Apáti Á, Conti L, Ku M, Koal T, Müller U, Talmazan RA, Ojansuu I, Vaurio O, Lähteenvuo M, Lehtonen Š, Mertens J, Kwiatkowski M, Günther K, Tiihonen J, Koistinaho J, Trajanoski Z, Edenhofer F. Integrative metabolomics-genomics analysis identifies key networks in a stem cell-based model of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02568-8. [PMID: 38684795 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neuropsychiatric disorder, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The etiology behind the disorder remains elusive although it is hypothesized to be associated with the aberrant response to neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate. Therefore, investigating the link between dysregulated metabolites and distorted neurodevelopment holds promise to offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanism of this complex disorder. In this study, we aimed to explore a presumed correlation between the transcriptome and the metabolome in a SCZ model based on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). For this, iPSCs were differentiated towards cortical neurons and samples were collected longitudinally at various developmental stages, reflecting neuroepithelial-like cells, radial glia, young and mature neurons. The samples were analyzed by both RNA-sequencing and targeted metabolomics and the two modalities were used to construct integrative networks in silico. This multi-omics analysis revealed significant perturbations in the polyamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthetic pathways during rosette maturation in SCZ lines. We particularly observed the downregulation of the glutamate decarboxylase encoding genes GAD1 and GAD2, as well as their protein product GAD65/67 and their biochemical product GABA in SCZ samples. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase resulted in further decrease of GABA levels suggesting a compensatory activation of the ornithine/putrescine pathway as an alternative route for GABA production. These findings indicate an imbalance of cortical excitatory/inhibitory dynamics occurring during early neurodevelopmental stages in SCZ. Our study supports the hypothesis of disruption of inhibitory circuits to be causative for SCZ and establishes a novel in silico approach that enables for integrative correlation of metabolic and transcriptomic data of psychiatric disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Spathopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriella A Sauerwein
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentin Marteau
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Podlesnic
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theresa Lindlbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Kipura
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madlen Hotze
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisa Gabassi
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Kruszewski
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marja Koskuvi
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- HUN-REN RCNS, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manching Ku
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Udo Müller
- biocrates life sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Ilkka Ojansuu
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Vaurio
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Neurosciences, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Günther
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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3
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Chaves-Filho AM, Braniff O, Angelova A, Deng Y, Tremblay MÈ. Chronic inflammation, neuroglial dysfunction, and plasmalogen deficiency as a new pathobiological hypothesis addressing the overlap between post-COVID-19 symptoms and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110702. [PMID: 37423295 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
After five waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, it has been recognized that a significant portion of the affected individuals developed long-term debilitating symptoms marked by chronic fatigue, cognitive difficulties ("brain fog"), post-exertional malaise, and autonomic dysfunction. The onset, progression, and clinical presentation of this condition, generically named post-COVID-19 syndrome, overlap significantly with another enigmatic condition, referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Several pathobiological mechanisms have been proposed for ME/CFS, including redox imbalance, systemic and central nervous system inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Chronic inflammation and glial pathological reactivity are common hallmarks of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and have been consistently associated with reduced central and peripheral levels of plasmalogens, one of the major phospholipid components of cell membranes with several homeostatic functions. Of great interest, recent evidence revealed a significant reduction of plasmalogen contents, biosynthesis, and metabolism in ME/CFS and acute COVID-19, with a strong association to symptom severity and other relevant clinical outcomes. These bioactive lipids have increasingly attracted attention due to their reduced levels representing a common pathophysiological manifestation between several disorders associated with aging and chronic inflammation. However, alterations in plasmalogen levels or their lipidic metabolism have not yet been examined in individuals suffering from post-COVID-19 symptoms. Here, we proposed a pathobiological model for post-COVID-19 and ME/CFS based on their common inflammation and dysfunctional glial reactivity, and highlighted the emerging implications of plasmalogen deficiency in the underlying mechanisms. Along with the promising outcomes of plasmalogen replacement therapy (PRT) for various neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders, we sought to propose PRT as a simple, effective, and safe strategy for the potential relief of the debilitating symptoms associated with ME/CFS and post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Braniff
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - Yuru Deng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) and Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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4
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Palm D, Uzoni A, Kronenberg G, Thome J, Faltraco F. Human Derived Dermal Fibroblasts as in Vitro Research Tool to Study Circadian Rhythmicity in Psychiatric Disorders. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2023; 56:87-100. [PMID: 37187177 DOI: 10.1055/a-1147-1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A number of psychiatric disorders are defined by persistent or recurrent sleep-wake disturbances alongside disruptions in circadian rhythm and altered clock gene expression. Circadian rhythms are present not only in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus but also in peripheral tissues. In this respect, cultures of human derived dermal fibroblasts may serve as a promising new tool to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of mental illness. In this article, we discuss the advantages of fibroblast cultures to study psychiatric disease. More specifically, we provide an update on recent advances in modeling circadian rhythm disorders using human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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5
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Santarriaga S, Gerlovin K, Layadi Y, Karmacharya R. Human stem cell-based models to study synaptic dysfunction and cognition in schizophrenia: A narrative review. Schizophr Res 2023:S0920-9964(23)00084-1. [PMID: 36925354 PMCID: PMC10500041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is the strongest predictor of functional outcomes in schizophrenia and is hypothesized to result from synaptic dysfunction. However, targeting synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in patients remains a significant clinical challenge. A comprehensive understanding of synaptic plasticity and the molecular basis of learning and memory in a disease context can provide specific targets for the development of novel therapeutics targeting cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Here, we describe the role of synaptic plasticity in cognition, summarize evidence for synaptic dysfunction in schizophrenia and demonstrate the use of patient derived induced-pluripotent stem cells for studying synaptic plasticity in vitro. Lastly, we discuss current advances and future technologies for bridging basic science research of synaptic dysfunction with clinical and translational research that can be used to predict treatment response and develop novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Santarriaga
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaia Gerlovin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yasmine Layadi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chimie ParisTech, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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6
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Honsho M, Fujiki Y. Regulation of plasmalogen biosynthesis in mammalian cells and tissues. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:118-123. [PMID: 36720320 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogens are a unique family of cellular glycerophospholipids that contain a vinyl-ether bond. Synthesis of plasmalogens is initiated in peroxisomes and completed in the endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of plasmalogens in several organs of patients with deficiency in peroxisome biogenesis suggests that de novo synthesis of plasmalogens contributes significantly to plasmalogen homeostasis in humans. Plasmalogen biosynthesis is spatiotemporally regulated by a feedback mechanism that senses the amount of plasmalogens in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and regulates the stability of fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (FAR1), the rate-limiting enzyme for plasmalogen biosynthesis. Dysregulation of plasmalogen synthesis impairs cholesterol synthesis in cells and brain, resulting in the reduced expression of genes such as mRNA encoding myelin basic protein, a phenotype found in the cerebellum of plasmalogen-deficient mice. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of plasmalogen biosynthesis and the link between plasmalogen homeostasis and cholesterol biosynthesis, and address the pathogenesis of impaired plasmalogen homeostasis in rodent and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Honsho
- Department of Neuroinflammation and Brain Fatigue Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food-Kyushu University Collaboration Program, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan.
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7
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Kathuria A, Lopez-Lengowski K, McPhie D, Cohen BM, Karmacharya R. Disease-specific differences in gene expression, mitochondrial function and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids and cortical neurons in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:8. [PMID: 36915374 PMCID: PMC9998323 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-023-00031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
We compared transcriptomic profiles of cerebral organoids differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells of eight schizophrenia and eight bipolar disorder patients to identify genes that were differentially expressed in cerebral organoids between two disorders. Gene ontology analysis showed relative up-regulation in schizophrenia organoids of genes related to response to cytokines, antigen binding and clathrin-coated vesicles, while showing up-regulation in bipolar disorder of genes involved in calcium binding. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment in schizophrenia of genes involved in mitochondrial and oxidative phosphorylation while showing enrichment in bipolar disorder of genes involved in long term potentiation and neuro-transporters. We compared mitochondrial function in cerebral organoids from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder subjects and found that while schizophrenia organoids showed deficits in basal oxygen consumption rate and ATP production when compared to healthy control organoids, while bipolar disorder organoids did not show these deficits. Gene ontology analyses also revealed enrichment in bipolar disorder of genes in ion binding and regulation of transport. Experiments examining the interaction between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in cortical neurons from bipolar disorder subjects showed a significantly lower number of contact sites between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum when compared to cortical neurons from schizophrenia patients. These results point to disease-specific deficits in mitochondrial respiration in schizophrenia and in mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in bipolar disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44192-023-00031-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kathuria
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kara Lopez-Lengowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Donna McPhie
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
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8
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Wanders RJA, Baes M, Ribeiro D, Ferdinandusse S, Waterham HR. The physiological functions of human peroxisomes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:957-1024. [PMID: 35951481 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00051.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles that play a central role in human physiology by catalyzing a range of unique metabolic functions. The importance of peroxisomes for human health is exemplified by the existence of a group of usually severe diseases caused by an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Among others these include the Zellweger spectrum disorders, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum disease. To fulfill their role in metabolism, peroxisomes require continued interaction with other subcellular organelles including lipid droplets, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. In recent years it has become clear that the metabolic alliance between peroxisomes and other organelles requires the active participation of tethering proteins to bring the organelles physically closer together, thereby achieving efficient transfer of metabolites. This review intends to describe the current state of knowledge about the metabolic role of peroxisomes in humans, with particular emphasis on the metabolic partnership between peroxisomes and other organelles and the consequences of genetic defects in these processes. We also describe the biogenesis of peroxisomes and the consequences of the multiple genetic defects therein. In addition, we discuss the functional role of peroxisomes in different organs and tissues and include relevant information derived from model systems, notably peroxisomal mouse models. Finally, we pay particular attention to a hitherto underrated role of peroxisomes in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Candidate metabolic biomarkers for schizophrenia in CNS and periphery: Do any possible associations exist? Schizophr Res 2020; 226:95-110. [PMID: 30935700 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limitations of analytical techniques and the complicity of schizophrenia, nowadays it is still a challenge to diagnose and stratify schizophrenia patients accurately. Many attempts have been made to identify and validate available biomarkers for schizophrenia from CSF and/or peripheral blood in clinical studies with consideration to disease stages, antipsychotic effects and even gender differences. However, conflicting results handicap the validation and application of biomarkers for schizophrenia. In view of availability and feasibility, peripheral biomarkers have superior advantages over biomarkers in CNS. Meanwhile, schizophrenia is considered to be a devastating neuropsychiatric disease mainly taking place in CNS featured by widespread defects in multiple metabolic pathways whose dynamic interactions, until recently, have been difficult to difficult to investigate. Evidence for these alterations has been collected piecemeal, limiting the potential to inform our understanding of the interactions among relevant biochemical pathways. Taken these points together, it will be interesting to investigate possible associations of biomarkers between CNS and periphery. Numerous studies have suggested putative correlations within peripheral and CNS systems especially for dopaminergic and glutamatergic metabolic biomarkers. In addition, it has been demonstrated that blood concentrations of BDNF protein can also reflect its changes in the nervous system. In turn, BDNF also interacts with glutamatergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. Therefore, this review will summarize metabolic biomarkers identified both in the CNS (brain tissues and CSF) and peripheral blood. Further, more attentions will be paid to discussing possible physical and functional associations between CNS and periphery, especially with respect to BDNF.
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10
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Kathuria A, Lopez-Lengowski K, Jagtap SS, McPhie D, Perlis RH, Cohen BM, Karmacharya R. Transcriptomic Landscape and Functional Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cerebral Organoids in Schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:745-754. [PMID: 32186681 PMCID: PMC7081156 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Three-dimensional cerebral organoids generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may be used to interrogate cellular-molecular underpinnings of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE To determine transcriptomic profiles and functional characteristics of cerebral organoids from patients with schizophrenia using gene expression studies, complemented with investigations of mitochondrial function through measurement of real-time oxygen consumption rate, and functional studies of neuronal firing with microelectrode arrays. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study was conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital between 2017 and 2019. Transcriptomic profiling of iPSC-derived cerebral organoids from 8 patients with schizophrenia and 8 healthy control individuals was undertaken to identify cellular pathways that are aberrant in schizophrenia. Induced pluripotent stem cells and cerebral organoids were generated from patients who had been diagnosed as having schizophrenia and from heathy control individuals. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Transcriptomic analysis of iPSC-derived cerebral organoids from patients with schizophrenia show differences in expression of genes involved in synaptic biology and neurodevelopment and are enriched for genes implicated in schizophrenia genome-wide association studies (GWAS). RESULTS The study included iPSC lines generated from 11 male and 5 female white participants, with a mean age of 38.8 years. RNA sequencing data from iPSC-derived cerebral organoids in schizophrenia showed differential expression of genes involved in synapses, in nervous system development, and in antigen processing. The differentially expressed genes were enriched for genes implicated in schizophrenia, with 23% of GWAS genes showing differential expression in schizophrenia and control organoids: 10 GWAS genes were upregulated in schizophrenia organoids while 15 GWAS genes were downregulated. Analysis of the gene expression profiles suggested dysregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial function and those involved in modulation of excitatory and inhibitory pathways. Studies of mitochondrial respiration showed lower basal consumption rate, adenosine triphosphate production, proton leak, and nonmitochondrial oxygen consumption in schizophrenia cerebral organoids, without any differences in the extracellular acidification rate. Microelectrode array studies of cerebral organoids showed no differences in baseline electrical activity in schizophrenia but revealed a diminished response to stimulation and depolarization. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Investigations of patient-derived cerebral organoids in schizophrenia revealed gene expression patterns suggesting dysregulation of a number of pathways in schizophrenia, delineated differences in mitochondrial function, and showed deficits in response to stimulation and depolarization in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kathuria
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston,Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kara Lopez-Lengowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston,Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Smita S. Jagtap
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston
| | - Donna McPhie
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program,
McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Roy H. Perlis
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program,
McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston,Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program,
McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts,Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
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11
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Abstract
With the seminal discovery of somatic cell reprogramming with defined genetic factors, it is now a routine laboratory procedure to reprogram somatic cells to generate patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) [1] Patient-specific iPSCs can be differentiated to generate mature neurons as well as three-dimensional brain organoids that show appropriate functional activity in electrophysiological studies [2,3]. However, there is a significant gap in the thoughtful incorporation of patient-derived neuronal cells in clinical studies addressing disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Karmacharya
- Program in Neuroscience and Chemical Biology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & McLean Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and King's College London,London, United Kingdom
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12
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Cao B, Wang D, Pan Z, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E, Subramanieapillai M, Nozari Y, Wang J. Metabolic profiling for water-soluble metabolites in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls in a Chinese population: A case-control study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:357-367. [PMID: 31161852 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1615639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Objective measures integrated with clinical symptoms may improve early prevention and detection of schizophrenia. Herein we aim to evaluate potential water-soluble metabolic biomarkers in schizophrenia.Methods: We recruited adults with schizophrenia (n = 113) who had not received pharmacological treatment for at least 1 month prior to enrollment and 111 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects from Weifang, Shandong province, China. All serum samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column.Results: Eleven metabolites, namely carnitines (oleoylcarnitine, l-palmitoylcarnitine, 9-decenoylcarnitine and 2-trans,4-cis-decadienoylcarnitine), polar lipids (lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)(P-16:0), LPC (16:0), LPC (15:0) and LPC(14:0)), amino acids (taurine and l-arginine), and organic acid (2,5-dichloro-4-oxohex-2-enedioate), separated the patients and healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, taurine, l-palmitoylcarnitine and oleoylcarnitine levels were higher, whereas the remaining eight metabolites were lower in patients with schizophrenia. A combination of four metabolites, i.e., oleoylcarnitine, 9-decenoylcarnitine, LPC (15:0) and LPC (14:0), provided the most robust between-group separation.Conclusions: This study appears to distinguish between groups of patients and controls, which should be considered as a contribution to putative potential biomarkers. The water-soluble metabolites were determined to be significantly different between the groups in the current study, and were primarily related to cellular bioenergetics, notably oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | | | - Zihang Pan
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mehala Subramanieapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasaman Nozari
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research, Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, P. R. China.,Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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13
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Fontaine D, Figiel S, Félix R, Kouba S, Fromont G, Mahéo K, Potier-Cartereau M, Chantôme A, Vandier C. Roles of endogenous ether lipids and associated PUFAs in the regulation of ion channels and their relevance for disease. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:840-858. [PMID: 32265321 PMCID: PMC7269763 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ether lipids (ELs) are lipids characterized by the presence of either an ether linkage (alkyl lipids) or a vinyl ether linkage [i.e., plasmalogens (Pls)] at the sn1 position of the glycerol backbone, and they are enriched in PUFAs at the sn2 position. In this review, we highlight that ELs have various biological functions, act as a reservoir for second messengers (such as PUFAs) and have roles in many diseases. Some of the biological effects of ELs may be associated with their ability to regulate ion channels that control excitation-contraction/secretion/mobility coupling and therefore cell physiology. These channels are embedded in lipid membranes, and lipids can regulate their activities directly or indirectly as second messengers or by incorporating into membranes. Interestingly, ELs and EL-derived PUFAs have been reported to play a key role in several pathologies, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Investigations leading to a better understanding of their mechanisms of action in pathologies have opened a new field in cancer research. In summary, newly identified lipid regulators of ion channels, such as ELs and PUFAs, may represent valuable targets to improve disease diagnosis and advance the development of new therapeutic strategies for managing a range of diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Fontaine
- Inserm N2C UMR1069, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours CEDEX 1, France
| | - Sandy Figiel
- Inserm N2C UMR1069, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours CEDEX 1, France
| | - Romain Félix
- Inserm N2C UMR1069, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours CEDEX 1, France
| | - Sana Kouba
- Inserm N2C UMR1069, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours CEDEX 1, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Inserm N2C UMR1069, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours CEDEX 1, France; Department of Pathology, CHRU Bretonneau, F-37044 Tours CEDEX 9, France
| | - Karine Mahéo
- Inserm N2C UMR1069, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours CEDEX 1, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Aurélie Chantôme
- Inserm N2C UMR1069, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours CEDEX 1, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Inserm N2C UMR1069, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours CEDEX 1, France. mailto:
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14
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Kathuria A, Lopez-Lengowski K, Vater M, McPhie D, Cohen BM, Karmacharya R. Transcriptome analysis and functional characterization of cerebral organoids in bipolar disorder. Genome Med 2020; 12:34. [PMID: 32306996 PMCID: PMC7168850 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reprogramming human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells and generating three-dimensional brain organoids from these iPSCs provide access to live human neuronal tissue with disease-specific genetic backgrounds. Methods Cerebral organoids were generated from iPSCs of eight bipolar disorder (BPI) patients and eight healthy control individuals. RNA-seq experiments were undertaken using RNA isolated from the cerebral organoids. Functional activity in the cerebral organoids was studied using microelectrode arrays. Results RNA-seq data comparing gene expression profiles in the cerebral organoids showed downregulation of pathways involved in cell adhesion, neurodevelopment, and synaptic biology in bipolar disorder along with upregulation of genes involved in immune signaling. The central hub in the network analysis was neurocan (NCAN), which is located in a locus with evidence for genome-wide significant association in BPI. Gene ontology analyses suggested deficits related to endoplasmic reticulum biology in BPI, which was supported by cellular characterization of ER–mitochondria interactions. Functional studies with microelectrode arrays revealed specific deficits in response to stimulation and depolarization in BPI cerebral organoids. Conclusions Our studies in cerebral organoids from bipolar disorder showed dysregulation in genes involved in cell adhesion, immune signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum biology; implicated a central role for the GWAS hit NCAN in the biology of BPI; and showed evidence of deficits in neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kathuria
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kara Lopez-Lengowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Magdalena Vater
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna McPhie
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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Iaconelli J, Xuan L, Karmacharya R. HDAC6 Modulates Signaling Pathways Relevant to Synaptic Biology and Neuronal Differentiation in Human Stem-Cell-Derived Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071605. [PMID: 30935091 PMCID: PMC6480207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has important roles in the human brain, especially in the context of a number of nervous system disorders. Animal models of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders show that HDAC6 modulates important biological processes relevant to disease biology. Pan-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors had been studied in animal behavioral assays and shown to induce synaptogenesis in rodent neuronal cultures. While most studies of HDACs in the nervous system have focused on class I HDACs located in the nucleus (e.g., HDACs 1,2,3), recent findings in rodent models suggest that the cytoplasmic class IIb HDAC, HDAC6, plays an important role in regulating mood-related behaviors. Human studies suggest a significant role for synaptic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus in depression. Studies of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in human neuronal cells show that HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6i) increase the acetylation of specific lysine residues in proteins involved in synaptogenesis. This has led to the hypothesis that HDAC6i may modulate synaptic biology not through effects on the acetylation of histones, but by regulating acetylation of non-histone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Iaconelli
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Lucius Xuan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- Chemical Biology PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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16
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Wang D, Cheng SL, Fei Q, Gu H, Raftery D, Cao B, Sun X, Yan J, Zhang C, Wang J. Metabolic profiling identifies phospholipids as potential serum biomarkers for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:18-29. [PMID: 30579177 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a multifactorial psychiatric disorder. However, the molecular pathogenesis of SCZ remains largely unknown, and no reliable diagnostic test is currently available. Phospholipid metabolism is known to be disturbed during disease processes of SCZ. In this study, we used an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolic profiling approach to measure lipid metabolites in serum samples from 119 SCZ patients and 109 healthy controls, to identify potential lipid biomarkers for the discrimination between SCZ patients and healthy controls. 51 lipid metabolites were identified to be significant for discriminating SCZ patients from healthy controls, including phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) and sphingomyelins (SMs). Compared to healthy controls, most PCs and LPCs, as well as all PEs in patients were decreased, while most LPEs and all SMs were increased. A panel of six lipid metabolites could effectively discriminate SCZ patients from healthy controls with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.991 in the training samples and 0.980 in the test samples. These findings suggest that extensive disturbances of phospholipids may be involved in the development of SCZ. This LC-MS-based metabolic profiling approach shows potential for the identification of putative serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing 400015, PR China
| | - Sunny Lihua Cheng
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130061, PR China
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bing Cao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- Weifang Mental Health Center, Weifang, Shandong Province 262400, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China; Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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17
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Enhanced Molecular Appreciation of Psychiatric Disorders Through High-Dimensionality Data Acquisition and Analytics. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2011:671-723. [PMID: 31273728 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The initial diagnosis, molecular investigation, treatment, and posttreatment care of major psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia and bipolar depression) are all still significantly hindered by the current inability to define these disorders in an explicit molecular signaling manner. High-dimensionality data analytics, using large datastreams from transcriptomic, proteomic, or metabolomic investigations, will likely advance both the appreciation of the molecular nature of major psychiatric disorders and simultaneously enhance our ability to more efficiently diagnose and treat these debilitating conditions. High-dimensionality data analysis in psychiatric research has been heterogeneous in aims and methods and limited by insufficient sample sizes, poorly defined case definitions, methodological inhomogeneity, and confounding results. All of these issues combine to constrain the conclusions that can be extracted from them. Here, we discuss possibilities for overcoming methodological challenges through the implementation of transcriptomic, proteomic, or metabolomics signatures in psychiatric diagnosis and offer an outlook for future investigations. To fulfill the promise of intelligent high-dimensionality data-based differential diagnosis in mental disease diagnosis and treatment, future research will need large, well-defined cohorts in combination with state-of-the-art technologies.
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18
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Abstract
Ether lipids, such as plasmalogens, are peroxisome-derived glycerophospholipids in which the hydrocarbon chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone is attached by an ether bond, as opposed to an ester bond in the more common diacyl phospholipids. This seemingly simple biochemical change has profound structural and functional implications. Notably, the tendency of ether lipids to form non-lamellar inverted hexagonal structures in model membranes suggests that they have a role in facilitating membrane fusion processes. Ether lipids are also important for the organization and stability of lipid raft microdomains, cholesterol-rich membrane regions involved in cellular signaling. In addition to their structural roles, a subset of ether lipids are thought to function as endogenous antioxidants, and emerging studies suggest that they are involved in cell differentiation and signaling pathways. Here, we review the biology of ether lipids and their potential significance in human disorders, including neurological diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Dean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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19
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Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Berger J. From peroxisomal disorders to common neurodegenerative diseases - the role of ether phospholipids in the nervous system. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2761-2788. [PMID: 28796901 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The emerging diverse roles of ether (phospho)lipids in nervous system development and function in health and disease are currently attracting growing interest. Plasmalogens, a subgroup of ether lipids, are important membrane components involved in vesicle fusion and membrane raft composition. They store polyunsaturated fatty acids and may serve as antioxidants. Ether lipid metabolites act as precursors for the formation of glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol anchors; others, like platelet-activating factor, are implicated in signaling functions. Consolidating the available information, we attempt to provide molecular explanations for the dramatic neurological phenotype in ether lipid-deficient human patients and mice by linking individual functional properties of ether lipids with pathological features. Furthermore, recent publications have identified altered ether lipid levels in the context of many acquired neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autism. Finally, current efforts to restore ether lipids in peroxisomal disorders as well as AD are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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