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Smirnova O, Efremov Y, Klyucherev T, Peshkova M, Senkovenko A, Svistunov A, Timashev P. Direct and cell-mediated EV-ECM interplay. Acta Biomater 2024; 186:63-84. [PMID: 39043290 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of lipid particles excreted by cells. They play an important role in regeneration, development, inflammation, and cancer progression, together with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which they constantly interact with. In this review, we discuss direct and indirect interactions of EVs and the ECM and their impact on different physiological processes. The ECM affects the secretion of EVs, and the properties of the ECM and EVs modulate EVs' diffusion and adhesion. On the other hand, EVs can affect the ECM both directly through enzymes and indirectly through the modulation of the ECM synthesis and remodeling by cells. This review emphasizes recently discovered types of EVs bound to the ECM and isolated by enzymatic digestion, including matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBV) and tissue-derived EV (TiEV). In addition to the experimental studies, computer models of the EV-ECM-cell interactions, from all-atom models to quantitative pharmacology models aiming to improve our understanding of the interaction mechanisms, are also considered. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Application of extracellular vesicles in tissue engineering is an actively developing area. Vesicles not only affect cells themselves but also interact with the matrix and change it. The matrix also influences both cells and vesicles. In this review, different possible types of interactions between vesicles, matrix, and cells are discussed. Furthermore, the united EV-ECM system and its regulation through the cellular activity are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Smirnova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timofey Klyucherev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Peshkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Senkovenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Cho J, Tae N, Song Y, Kim CW, Lee SJ, Ahn JH, Lee KH, Lee BH, Kim BS, Chang SY, Kim DH, Ko HJ. The expression of PD-L1 on tumor-derived exosomes enhances infiltration and anti-tumor activity of αCD3 × αPD-L1 bispecific antibody-armed T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:196. [PMID: 39105814 PMCID: PMC11303351 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 × α programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) bispecific T-cell engager (BsTE)-bound T-cells (BsTE:T) are a promising new cancer treatment agent. However, the mechanisms of action of bispecific antibody-armed activated T-cells are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor mechanism and efficacy of BsTE:T. The BsTE:T migration was assessed in vivo and in vitro using syngeneic and xenogeneic tumor models, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, transwell migration assays, microfluidic chips, Exo View R100, western blotting, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology. In murine B16 melanoma, MC38 colon cancer, and human multiple myeloma cells, BsTE:T exhibited superior tumor elimination relative to that of T-cells or BsTE alone. Moreover, BsTE:T migration into tumors was significantly enhanced owing to the presence of PD-L1 in tumor cells and secretion of PD-L1-containing exosomes. Furthermore, increased infiltration of CD44highCD62Llow effector memory CD8+ T-cells into tumors was closely associated with the anti-tumor effect of BsTE:T. Therefore, BsTE:T is an innovative potential anti-tumor therapy, and exosomal PD-L1 plays a crucial role both in vitro and in vivo in the anti-tumor activity of BsTE:T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Tae
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Won Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Joo Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Ahn
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 25561, Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Dae Hee Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
- Global/Gangwon Innovative Biologics-Regional Leading Research Center (GIB-RLRC), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
- Innovative Drug Development Research Team for Intractable Diseases (BK21 plus), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
- Global/Gangwon Innovative Biologics-Regional Leading Research Center (GIB-RLRC), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Abyadeh M, Mirshahvaladi S, Kashani SA, Paulo JA, Amirkhani A, Mehryab F, Seydi H, Moradpour N, Jodeiryjabarzade S, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Shekari F, Salekdeh GH. Proteomic profiling of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Impact of isolation methods on protein cargo. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e159. [PMID: 38947171 PMCID: PMC11212298 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are secreted by cells and play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication. Despite the promising reports regarding their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, the utilization of EVs in the clinical setting is limited due to insufficient information about their cargo and a lack of standardization in isolation and analysis methods. Considering protein cargos in EVs as key contributors to their therapeutic potency, we conducted a tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis of three subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs obtained through three different isolation techniques: ultracentrifugation (UC), high-speed centrifugation (HS), and ultracentrifugation on sucrose cushion (SU). Subsequently, we checked EV marker expression, size distribution, and morphological characterization, followed by bioinformatic analysis. The bioinformatic analysis of the proteome results revealed that these subpopulations exhibit distinct molecular and functional characteristics. The choice of isolation method impacts the proteome of isolated EVs by isolating different subpopulations of EVs. Specifically, EVs isolated through the high-speed centrifugation (HS) method exhibited a higher abundance of ribosomal and mitochondrial proteins. Functional apoptosis assays comparing isolated mitochondria with EVs isolated through different methods revealed that HS-EVs, but not other EVs, induced early apoptosis in cancer cells. On the other hand, EVs isolated using the sucrose cushion (SU) and ultracentrifugation (UC) methods demonstrated a higher abundance of proteins primarily involved in the immune response, cell-cell interactions and extracellular matrix interactions. Our analyses unveil notable disparities in proteins and associated biological functions among EV subpopulations, underscoring the importance of meticulously selecting isolation methods and resultant EV subpopulations based on the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sara Assar Kashani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Australian Proteome Analysis FacilityMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Homeyra Seydi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
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Jimenez L, Stolzenbach V, Ozawa PMM, Ramirez-Solano M, Liu Q, Sage J, Weaver AM. Extracellular vesicles from non-neuroendocrine SCLC cells promote adhesion and survival of neuroendocrine SCLC cells. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300030. [PMID: 37926756 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors are made up of distinct cell subpopulations, including neuroendocrine (NE) and non-neuroendocrine (non-NE) cells. While secreted factors from non-NE SCLC cells have been shown to support the growth of the NE cells, the underlying molecular factors are not well understood. Here, we show that exosome-type small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) secreted from non-NE SCLC cells promote adhesion and survival of NE SCLC cells. Proteomic analysis of purified SEVs revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and integrins are highly enriched in SEVs of non-NE cells whereas nucleic acid-binding proteins are enriched in SEVs purified from NE cells. Addition of select purified ECM proteins identified in purified extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically fibronectin, laminin 411, and laminin 511, were able to substitute for the role of non-NE-derived SEVs in promoting adhesion and survival of NE SCLC cells. Those same proteins were differentially expressed by human SCLC subtypes. These data suggest that ECM-carrying SEVs secreted by non-NE cells play a key role in supporting the growth and survival of NE SCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Jimenez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Victor Stolzenbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patricia M M Ozawa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marisol Ramirez-Solano
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Abyadeh M, Kaya A. Application of Multiomics Approach to Investigate the Therapeutic Potentials of Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations for Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593647. [PMID: 38798317 PMCID: PMC11118424 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a complex interplay of molecular alterations, yet understanding its pathogenesis remains a challenge. In this study, we delved into the intricate landscape of proteome and transcriptome changes in AD brains compared to healthy controls, examining 788 brain samples revealing common alterations at both protein and mRNA levels. Moreover, our analysis revealed distinct protein-level changes in aberrant energy metabolism pathways in AD brains that were not evident at the mRNA level. This suggests that the changes in protein expression could provide a deeper molecular representation of AD pathogenesis. Subsequently, using a comparative proteomic approach, we explored the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs), isolated through various methods, in mitigating AD-associated changes at the protein level. Our analysis revealed a particular EV-subtype that can be utilized for compensating dysregulated mitochondrial proteostasis in the AD brain. By using network biology approaches, we further revealed the potential regulators of key therapeutic proteins. Overall, our study illuminates the significance of proteome alterations in AD pathogenesis and identifies the therapeutic promise of a specific EV subpopulation with reduced pro-inflammatory protein cargo and enriched proteins to target mitochondrial proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
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6
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Cappe B, Vandenabeele P, Riquet FB. A guide to the expanding field of extracellular vesicles and their release in regulated cell death programs. FEBS J 2024; 291:2068-2090. [PMID: 37872002 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Homeostasis disruption is visible at the molecular and cellular levels and may often lead to cell death. This vital process allows us to maintain the more extensive system's integrity by keeping the different features (genetic, metabolic, physiologic, and individual) intact. Interestingly, while cells can die in different manners, dying cells still communicate with their environment. This communication was, for a long time, perceived as only driven by the release of soluble factors. However, it has now been reconsidered with the increasing interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are discovered to be released during different regulated cell death programs, with the observation of specific effects. EVs are game changers in the paradigm of cell-cell communication with tremendous implications in fundamental research with regard to noncell autonomous functions, as well as in biomarkers research, all of which are geared toward diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review is composed of two main parts. The first is a comprehensive presentation of the state of the art of the EV field at large. In the second part, we focus on EVs discovered to be released during different regulated cell death programs, also known as cell death EVs (cdEVs), and EV-associated specific effects on recipient cells in the context of cell death and inflammation/inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cappe
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Franck B Riquet
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, France
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7
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Garcia LFC, Wowk PF, Albrecht L. Unraveling the Impact of Extracellular Vesicle-Depleted Serum on Endothelial Cell Characteristics over Time. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4761. [PMID: 38731980 PMCID: PMC11084606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all kinds of cells, including endothelial cells. It has been observed that EVs present in fetal bovine serum (FBS), broadly used in cell culture, can be a confounding factor and lead to misinterpretation of results. To investigate this phenomenon, human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were cultured for 2 or 24 h in the presence of EV-depleted FBS (EVdS). Cell death, gene and protein expression, and the presence of EVs isolated from these cells were evaluated. The uptake of EVs, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression, and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells exposed to EVs were also evaluated. Our results revealed higher apoptosis rates in cells cultured with EVdS for 2 and 24 h. There was an increase in interleukin 8 (IL8) expression after 2 h and a decrease in interleukin 6 (IL6) and IL8 expression after 24 h of culture. Among the proteins identified in EVs isolated from cells cultured for 2 h (EV2h), several were related to ribosomes and carbon metabolism. EVs from cells cultured for 24 h (EV24h) presented a protein profile associated with cell adhesion and platelet activation. Additionally, HBMECs exhibited increased uptake of EV2h. Treatment of endothelial cells with EV2h resulted in greater ICAM-1 expression and greater adherence to monocytes than did treatment with EV24h. According to our data, HBMEC cultivated with EVdS produce EVs with different physical characteristics and protein levels that vary over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pryscilla Fanini Wowk
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil;
| | - Letusa Albrecht
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, ICC-Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil;
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8
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Smith SC, Krystofiak E, Ogden KM. Mammalian orthoreovirus can exit cells in extracellular vesicles. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011637. [PMID: 38206991 PMCID: PMC10807757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Several egress pathways have been defined for many viruses. Among these pathways, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to function as vehicles of non-lytic viral egress. EVs are heterogenous populations of membrane-bound structures released from cells as a form of intercellular communication. EV-mediated viral egress may enable immune evasion and collective viral transport. Strains of nonenveloped mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) differ in cell lysis phenotypes, with T3D disrupting cell membranes more efficiently than T1L. However, mechanisms of reovirus egress and the influence of transport strategy on infection are only partially understood. To elucidate reovirus egress mechanisms, we infected murine fibroblasts (L cells) and non-polarized human colon epithelial (Caco-2) cells with T1L or T3D reovirus and enriched cell culture supernatants for large EVs, medium EVs, small EVs, and free reovirus. We found that both reovirus strains exit cells in association with large and medium EVs and as free virus particles, and that EV-enriched fractions are infectious. While reovirus visually associates with large and medium EVs, only medium EVs offer protection from antibody-mediated neutralization. EV-mediated protection from neutralization is virus strain- and cell type-specific, as medium EVs enriched from L cell supernatants protect T1L and T3D, while medium EVs enriched from Caco-2 cell supernatants largely fail to protect T3D and only protect T1L efficiently. Using genetically barcoded reovirus, we provide evidence that large and medium EVs can convey multiple particles to recipient cells. Finally, T1L or T3D infection increases the release of all EV sizes from L cells. Together, these findings suggest that in addition to exiting cells as free particles, reovirus promotes egress from distinct cell types in association with large and medium EVs during lytic or non-lytic infection, a mode of exit that can mediate multiparticle infection and, in some cases, protection from antibody neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydni Caet Smith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Ogden
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Suo J, Wang Y, Wang L, Qiu B, Wang Z, Yan A, Qiang B, Han W, Peng X. RAB31 in glioma-derived endothelial cells promotes glioma cell invasion via extracellular vesicle-mediated enrichment of MYO1C. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:138-147. [PMID: 37953466 PMCID: PMC10761932 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV), important messengers in intercellular communication, can load and transport various bioactive components and participate in different biological processes. We previously isolated glioma human endothelial cells (GhECs) and found that GhECs, rather than normal human brain endothelial cells (NhECs), exhibit specific enrichment of MYO1C into EVs and promote the migration of glioma cells. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which MYO1C is secreted into EVs. We report that such secretion is dependent on RAB31, RAB27B, and FAS. When expression of RAB31 increases, MYO1C is enriched in secretory EVs. Finally, we identified an EV export mechanism for MYO1C that promotes glioma cell invasion and is dependent on RAB31 in GhECs. In summary, our data indicate that the knockdown of RAB31 can reduce enrichment of MYO1C in extracellular vesicles, thereby attenuating the promotion of glioma cell invasion by GhEC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Suo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Bojun Qiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zhixing Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - An Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Boqin Qiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityBeijingChina
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases,Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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10
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Cantley J, Eizirik DL, Latres E, Dayan CM. Islet cells in human type 1 diabetes: from recent advances to novel therapies - a symposium-based roadmap for future research. J Endocrinol 2023; 259:e230082. [PMID: 37493471 PMCID: PMC10502961 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing understanding that the early phases of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are characterised by a deleterious dialogue between the pancreatic beta cells and the immune system. This, combined with the urgent need to better translate this growing knowledge into novel therapies, provided the background for the JDRF-DiabetesUK-INNODIA-nPOD symposium entitled 'Islet cells in human T1D: from recent advances to novel therapies', which took place in Stockholm, Sweden, in September 2022. We provide in this article an overview of the main themes addressed in the symposium, pointing to both promising conclusions and key unmet needs that remain to be addressed in order to achieve better approaches to prevent or reverse T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cantley
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - D L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles Faculté de Médecine, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - E Latres
- JDRF International, New York, NY, USA
| | - C M Dayan
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - the JDRF-DiabetesUK-INNODIA-nPOD Stockholm Symposium 2022
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles Faculté de Médecine, Bruxelles, Belgium
- JDRF International, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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11
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Smith SC, Krystofiak E, Ogden KM. Mammalian orthoreovirus can exit cells in extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555250. [PMID: 37693509 PMCID: PMC10491149 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Several egress pathways have been defined for many viruses. Among these pathways, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to function as vehicles of non-lytic viral egress. EVs are heterogenous populations of membrane-bound structures released from cells as a form of intercellular communication. EV-mediated viral egress may enable immune evasion and collective viral transport. Strains of nonenveloped mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) differ in cell lysis phenotypes, with T3D disrupting cell membranes more efficiently than T1L. However, mechanisms of reovirus egress and the influence of transport strategy on infection are only partially understood. To elucidate reovirus egress mechanisms, we infected murine fibroblasts (L cells) and non-polarized human colon epithelial (Caco-2) cells with T1L or T3D reovirus and enriched cell culture supernatants for large EVs, medium EVs, small EVs, and free reovirus. We found that both reovirus strains exit cells in association with large and medium EVs and as free virus particles, and that EV-enriched fractions are infectious. While reovirus visually associates with large and medium EVs, only medium EVs offer protection from antibody-mediated neutralization. EV-mediated protection from neutralization is virus strain- and cell type-specific, as medium EVs enriched from L cell supernatants protect T1L and T3D, while medium EVs enriched from Caco-2 cell supernatants largely fail to protect T3D and only protect T1L efficiently. Using genetically barcoded reovirus, we provide evidence that large and medium EVs can convey multiple particles to recipient cells. Finally, T1L or T3D infection increases the release of all EV sizes from L cells. Together, these findings suggest that in addition to exiting cells as free particles, reovirus promotes egress from distinct cell types in association with large and medium EVs during lytic or non-lytic infection, a mode of exit that can mediate multiparticle infection and, in some cases, protection from antibody neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydni Caet Smith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University
| | - Kristen M. Ogden
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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12
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Kulus J, Kranc W, Kulus M, Bukowska D, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Antosik P. New Gene Markers of Exosomal Regulation Are Involved in Porcine Granulosa Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11873. [PMID: 37511632 PMCID: PMC10380331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal regulation is intimately involved in key cellular processes, such as migration, proliferation, and adhesion. By participating in the regulation of basic mechanisms, extracellular vesicles are important in intercellular signaling and the functioning of the mammalian reproductive system. The complexity of intercellular interactions in the ovarian follicle is also based on multilevel intercellular signaling, including the mechanisms involving cadherins, integrins, and the extracellular matrix. The processes in the ovary leading to the formation of a fertilization-ready oocyte are extremely complex at the molecular level and depend on the oocyte's ongoing relationship with granulosa cells. An analysis of gene expression from material obtained from a primary in vitro culture of porcine granulosa cells was employed using microarray technology. Genes with the highest expression (LIPG, HSD3B1, CLIP4, LOX, ANKRD1, FMOD, SHAS2, TAGLN, ITGA8, MXRA5, and NEXN) and the lowest expression levels (DAPL1, HSD17B1, SNX31, FST, NEBL, CXCL10, RGS2, MAL2, IHH, and TRIB2) were selected for further analysis. The gene expression results obtained from the microarrays were validated using quantitative RT-qPCR. Exosomes may play important roles regarding intercellular signaling between granulosa cells. Therefore, exosomes may have significant applications in regenerative medicine, targeted therapy, and assisted reproduction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kulus
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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13
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Sariano PA, Mizenko RR, Shirure VS, Brandt AK, Nguyen BB, Nesiri C, Shergill BS, Brostoff T, Rocke DM, Borowsky AD, Carney RP, George SC. Convection and extracellular matrix binding control interstitial transport of extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12323. [PMID: 37073802 PMCID: PMC10114097 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) influence a host of normal and pathophysiological processes in vivo. Compared to soluble mediators, EVs can traffic a wide range of proteins on their surface including extracellular matrix (ECM) binding proteins, and their large size (∼30-150 nm) limits diffusion. We isolated EVs from the MCF10 series-a model human cell line of breast cancer progression-and demonstrated increasing presence of laminin-binding integrins α3β1 and α6β1 on the EVs as the malignant potential of the MCF10 cells increased. Transport of the EVs within a microfluidic device under controlled physiological interstitial flow (0.15-0.75 μm/s) demonstrated that convection was the dominant mechanism of transport. Binding of the EVs to the ECM enhanced the spatial concentration and gradient, which was mitigated by blocking integrins α3β1 and α6β1. Our studies demonstrate that convection and ECM binding are the dominant mechanisms controlling EV interstitial transport and should be leveraged in nanotherapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Sariano
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel R. Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Venktesh S. Shirure
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Abigail K. Brandt
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bryan B. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cem Nesiri
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Terza Brostoff
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - David M. Rocke
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavis, SacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven C. George
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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14
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Acevedo-Sánchez V, Martínez-Ruiz RS, Aguilar-Ruíz SR, Torres-Aguilar H, Chávez-Olmos P, Garrido E, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Romero-Tlalolini MDLA. Quantitative Proteomics for the Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins in the Extracellular Vesicles of Cervical Cancer Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:702. [PMID: 36992411 PMCID: PMC10051161 DOI: 10.3390/v15030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) in a tumoral microenvironment can exert different functions by transferring their content, which has been poorly described in cervical cancer. Here, we tried to clarify the proteomic content of these EVs, comparing those derived from cancerous HPV (+) keratinocytes (HeLa) versus those derived from normal HPV (-) keratinocytes (HaCaT). We performed a quantitative proteomic analysis, using LC-MS/MS, of the EVs from HeLa and HaCaT cell lines. The up- and downregulated proteins in the EVs from the HeLa cell line were established, along with the cellular component, molecular function, biological processes, and signaling pathways in which they participate. The biological processes with the highest number of upregulated proteins are cell adhesion, proteolysis, lipid metabolic process, and immune system processes. Interestingly, three of the top five signaling pathways with more up- and downregulated proteins are part of the immune response. Due to their content, we can infer that EVs can have a significant role in migration, invasion, metastasis, and the activation or suppression of immune system cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Acevedo-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Calz. San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico
| | - Roy S. Martínez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Calz. San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico
| | - Sergio R. Aguilar-Ruíz
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Calz. San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico
| | - Honorio Torres-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad S/N, Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico
| | - Pedro Chávez-Olmos
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Efraín Garrido
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, CONACYT—Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Calz. San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico
| | - María de los A. Romero-Tlalolini
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, CONACYT—Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Calz. San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico
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15
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Jalaludin I, Lubman DM, Kim J. A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:844-872. [PMID: 34747512 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (small extracellular vesicles) in living organisms play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation or intercellular communication. Recently, exosomes have been extensively investigated for biomarker discoveries for various diseases. An important aspect of exosome analysis involves the development of enrichment methods that have been introduced for successful isolation of exosomes. These methods include ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, polyethylene glycol-based precipitation, immunoaffinity-based enrichment, ultrafiltration, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation among others. To confirm the presence of exosomes, various characterization methods have been utilized such as Western blot analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, optical methods, zeta potential, visual inspection, and mass spectrometry. Recent advances in high-resolution separations, high-performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Herein we review various exosome enrichment methods, characterization methods, and recent trends of exosome investigations using mass spectrometry-based approaches for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Barranco I, Sanchez-López CM, Bucci D, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Marcilla A, Roca J. The Proteome of Large or Small Extracellular Vesicles in Pig Seminal Plasma Differs, Defining Sources and Biological Functions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100514. [PMID: 36796643 PMCID: PMC10017305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma contains many morphologically heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These are sequentially released by cells of the testis, epididymis, and accessory sex glands and involved in male and female reproductive processes. This study aimed to define in depth sEV subsets isolated by ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography, decode their proteomic profiles using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and quantify identified proteins using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra. The sEV subsets were defined as large (L-EVs) or small (S-EVs) by their protein concentration, morphology, size distribution, and EV-specific protein markers and purity. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified a total of 1034 proteins, 737 of them quantified by SWATH in S-EVs, L-EVs, and non-EVs-enriched samples (18-20 size exclusion chromatography-eluted fractions). The differential expression analysis revealed 197 differentially abundant proteins between both EV subsets, S-EVs and L-EVs, and 37 and 199 between S-EVs and L-EVs versus non-EVs-enriched samples, respectively. The gene ontology enrichment analysis of differentially abundant proteins suggested, based on the type of protein detected, that S-EVs could be mainly released through an apocrine blebbing pathway and be involved in modulating the immune environment of the female reproductive tract as well as during sperm-oocyte interaction. In contrast, L-EVs could be released by fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane becoming involved in sperm physiological processes, such as capacitation and avoidance of oxidative stress. In conclusion, this study provides a procedure capable of isolating subsets of EVs from pig seminal plasma with a high degree of purity and shows differences in the proteomic profile between EV subsets, indicating different sources and biological functions for the sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barranco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian M Sanchez-López
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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17
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Cypryk W, Czernek L, Horodecka K, Chrzanowski J, Stańczak M, Nurmi K, Bilicka M, Gadzinowski M, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Stensland M, Eklund K, Fendler W, Nyman TA, Matikainen S. Lipopolysaccharide Primes Human Macrophages for Noncanonical Inflammasome-Induced Extracellular Vesicle Secretion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:322-334. [PMID: 36525001 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human macrophages secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with numerous immunoregulatory proteins. Vesicle-mediated protein secretion in macrophages is regulated by poorly characterized mechanisms; however, it is now known that inflammatory conditions significantly alter both the quantities and protein composition of secreted vesicles. In this study, we employed high-throughput quantitative proteomics to characterize the modulation of EV-mediated protein secretion during noncanonical caspase-4/5 inflammasome activation via LPS transfection. We show that human macrophages activate robust caspase-4-dependent EV secretion upon transfection of LPS, and this process is also partially dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-5. A similar effect occurs with delivery of the LPS with Escherichia coli-derived outer membrane vesicles. Moreover, sensitization of the macrophages through TLR4 by LPS priming prior to LPS transfection dramatically augments the EV-mediated protein secretion. Our data demonstrate that this process differs significantly from canonical inflammasome activator ATP-induced vesiculation, and it is dependent on the autocrine IFN signal associated with TLR4 activation. LPS priming preceding the noncanonical inflammasome activation significantly enhances vesicle-mediated secretion of inflammasome components caspase-1, ASC, and lytic cell death effectors GSDMD, MLKL, and NINJ1, suggesting that inflammatory EV transfer may exert paracrine effects in recipient cells. Moreover, using bioinformatics methods, we identify 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 and parthenolide as inhibitors of caspase-4-mediated inflammation and vesicle secretion, indicating new therapeutic potential of these anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Cypryk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Liliana Czernek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Horodecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Chrzanowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Stańczak
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katariina Nurmi
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcelina Bilicka
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mariusz Gadzinowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Maria Stensland
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Kari Eklund
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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The Roles of Exosomes in the Diagnose, Development and Therapeutic Resistance of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031968. [PMID: 36768288 PMCID: PMC9916286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, of which more than half of patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage with poor prognosis due to recurrence, metastasis and resistant to treatment. Thus, it is imperative to further explore the potential mechanism of development and drug resistance of oral cancer. Exosomes are small endosome-derived lipid nanoparticles that are released by cells. Since the cargoes of exosomes were inherited from their donor cells, the cargo profiles of exosomes can well recapitulate that of their donor cells. This is the theoretical basis of exosome-based liquid biopsy, providing a tool for early diagnosis of oral cancer. As an important intracellular bioactive cargo delivery vector, exosomes play a critical role in the development of oral cancer by transferring their cargoes to receipt cells. More importantly, recent studies have revealed that exosomes could induce therapy-resistance in oral cancer through multiple ways, including exosome-mediated drug efflux. In this review, we summarize and compare the role of exosomes in the diagnosis, development and therapy-resistant of oral cancer. We also highlight the clinical application of exosomes, and discuss the advantages and challenges of exosomes serving as predictive biomarker, therapy target and therapy vector in oral cancer.
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19
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Ganesh V, Seol D, Gomez-Contreras PC, Keen HL, Shin K, Martin JA. Exosome-Based Cell Homing and Angiogenic Differentiation for Dental Pulp Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:466. [PMID: 36613910 PMCID: PMC9820194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have attracted attention due to their ability to promote intercellular communication leading to enhanced cell recruitment, lineage-specific differentiation, and tissue regeneration. The object of this study was to determine the effect of exosomes on cell homing and angiogenic differentiation for pulp regeneration. Exosomes (DPSC-Exos) were isolated from rabbit dental pulp stem cells cultured under a growth (Exo-G) or angiogenic differentiation (Exo-A) condition. The characterization of exosomes was confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and an antibody array. DPSC-Exos significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration when treated with 5 × 108/mL exosomes. In gene expression analysis, DPSC-Exos enhanced the expression of angiogenic markers including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1), and platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1). Moreover, we identified key exosomal microRNAs in Exo-A for cell homing and angiogenesis. In conclusion, the exosome-based cell homing and angiogenic differentiation strategy has significant therapeutic potential for pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswaran Ganesh
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Roy J. Carver Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dongrim Seol
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Henry L. Keen
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kyungsup Shin
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Roy J. Carver Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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20
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Martel R, Shen ML, DeCorwin-Martin P, de Araujo LO, Juncker D. Extracellular Vesicle Antibody Microarray for Multiplexed Inner and Outer Protein Analysis. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3817-3828. [PMID: 36515500 PMCID: PMC9791990 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are found both outside and inside of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and govern the properties and functions of EVs, while also constituting a signature of the cell of origin and of biological function and disease. Outer proteins on EVs can be directly bound by antibodies to either enrich EVs, or probe the expression of a protein on EVs, including in a combinatorial manner. However, co-profiling of inner proteins remains challenging. Here, we present the high-throughput, multiplexed analysis of EV inner and outer proteins (EVPio). We describe the optimization of fixation and heat-induced protein epitope retrieval for EVs, along with oligo-barcoded antibodies and branched DNA signal amplification for sensitive, multiplexed, and high-throughput assays. We captured four subpopulations of EVs from colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines HT29 and SW403 based on EpCAM, CD9, CD63, and CD81 expression, and quantified the co-expression of eight outer [integrins (ITGs) and tetraspanins] and four inner (heat shock, endosomal, and inner leaflet) proteins. The differences in co-expression patterns were consistent with the literature and known biological function. In conclusion, EVPio analysis can simultaneously detect multiple inner and outer proteins in EVs immobilized on a surface, opening the way to extensive combinatorial protein profiles for both discovery and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Martel
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Molly L. Shen
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Philippe DeCorwin-Martin
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Lorenna Oliveira
Fernandes de Araujo
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada,
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21
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Álvarez D, Rúa C, Velásquez Berrío M, Cataño JU, Escudero C, Cadavid J ÁP. Extracellular vesicles released upon stimulation with antiphospholipid antibodies: An actual direct procoagulant mechanism or a new factor in the lupus anticoagulant paradox? J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102905. [PMID: 36115210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) lead to a hypercoagulable state in vivo. Paradoxically, some of these autoantibodies perform as inhibitors of the coagulation cascade in vitro (a phenomenon referred to as "lupus anticoagulant"). The presence of lupus anticoagulant has been related to an increased quantity of plasma extracellular vesicles, which may constitute a direct procoagulant mechanism in antiphospholipid syndrome. This study investigates whether or not endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles released upon stimulation with aPL (aPL-EDEVs) are related to a higher direct coagulation activity. Using an in vitro model of endothelium, flow cytometry and a recalcified plasma-based assay, we found that the coagulation activity of aPL-EDEVs is mainly conditioned by the lupus anticoagulant-like activity of autoantibodies. Nevertheless, in the presence of β2 glycoprotein I, a cofactor of aPL during the stimulation of endothelial cells, the coagulation activity of EDEVs is restored in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2)-dependent manner. This phenomenon was especially evident when using immunoglobulins G from patients with vascular and obstetric primary antiphospholipid syndrome who manifest refractoriness to treatment. Our findings suggest that the role of aPL-EDEVs in the antiphospholipid syndrome-related hypercoagulable state may not rely on their capacity to enhance clotting directly. While β2 glycoprotein I performs as a procoagulant cofactor and restores the coagulation activity of extracellular vesicles via MEK1/2 pathway, proportionally, autoantibodies interact with aPL-EDEVs and exhaust their coagulation properties. Further analysis is required to establish whether lupus anticoagulant-like autoantibodies opsonise extracellular vesicles and whether opsonised vesicles may lead to thrombosis by indirect means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Álvarez
- Grupo Reproducción, Departamento Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Carolina Rúa
- Grupo de Investigación en Trombosis, Departamento Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuela Velásquez Berrío
- Grupo Reproducción, Departamento Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - John Ubeimar Cataño
- Grupo de Investigación en Trombosis, Departamento Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia; Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ángela P Cadavid J
- Grupo Reproducción, Departamento Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Trombosis, Departamento Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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22
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Tran DT, Pottekat A, Lee K, Raghunathan M, Loguercio S, Mir SA, Paton AW, Paton JC, Arvan P, Kaufman RJ, Itkin-Ansari P. Inflammatory Cytokines Rewire the Proinsulin Interaction Network in Human Islets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3100-3110. [PMID: 36017587 PMCID: PMC10233482 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aberrant biosynthesis and secretion of the insulin precursor proinsulin occurs in both type I and type II diabetes. Inflammatory cytokines are implicated in pancreatic islet stress and dysfunction in both forms of diabetes, but the mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effect of the diabetes-associated cytokines on proinsulin folding, trafficking, secretion, and β-cell function. METHODS Human islets were treated with interleukin-1β and interferon-γ for 48 hours, followed by analysis of interleukin-6, nitrite, proinsulin and insulin release, RNA sequencing, and unbiased profiling of the proinsulin interactome by affinity purification-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Cytokine treatment induced secretion of interleukin-6, nitrites, and insulin, as well as aberrant release of proinsulin. RNA sequencing showed that cytokines upregulated genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress, and, consistent with this, affinity purification-mass spectrometry revealed cytokine induced proinsulin binding to multiple endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and oxidoreductases. Moreover, increased binding to the chaperone immunoglobulin binding protein was required to maintain proper proinsulin folding in the inflammatory environment. Cytokines also regulated novel interactions between proinsulin and type 1 and type 2 diabetes genome-wide association studies candidate proteins not previously known to interact with proinsulin (eg, Ataxin-2). Finally, cytokines induced proinsulin interactions with a cluster of microtubule motor proteins and chemical destabilization of microtubules with Nocodazole exacerbated cytokine induced proinsulin secretion. CONCLUSION Together, the data shed new light on mechanisms by which diabetes-associated cytokines dysregulate β-cell function. For the first time, we show that even short-term exposure to an inflammatory environment reshapes proinsulin interactions with critical chaperones and regulators of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc T Tran
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Plexium, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anita Pottekat
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kouta Lee
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megha Raghunathan
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Saiful A Mir
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Peter Arvan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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23
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Kulkarni A, Muralidharan C, May SC, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Inside the β Cell: Molecular Stress Response Pathways in Diabetes Pathogenesis. Endocrinology 2022; 164:bqac184. [PMID: 36317483 PMCID: PMC9667558 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pathogeneses of the 2 major forms of diabetes, type 1 and type 2, differ with respect to their major molecular insults (loss of immune tolerance and onset of tissue insulin resistance, respectively). However, evidence suggests that dysfunction and/or death of insulin-producing β-cells is common to virtually all forms of diabetes. Although the mechanisms underlying β-cell dysfunction remain incompletely characterized, recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways that contribute to the demise of the β-cell. Cellular and environmental factors contribute to β-cell dysfunction/loss through the activation of molecular pathways that exacerbate endoplasmic reticulum stress, the integrated stress response, oxidative stress, and impaired autophagy. Whereas many of these stress responsive pathways are interconnected, their individual contributions to glucose homeostasis and β-cell health have been elucidated through the development and interrogation of animal models. In these studies, genetic models and pharmacological compounds have enabled the identification of genes and proteins specifically involved in β-cell dysfunction during diabetes pathogenesis. Here, we review the critical stress response pathways that are activated in β cells in the context of the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kulkarni
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Charanya Muralidharan
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Sarah C May
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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24
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Seminal extracellular vesicles subsets modulate gene expression in cumulus cells of porcine in vitro matured oocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19096. [PMID: 36351965 PMCID: PMC9646759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP), a fluid composed mainly by secretions from accessory sex glands, contains a heterogenous population of extracellular vesicles (EVs), involved in several reproductive physiological processes. Seminal plasma has been found to modulate ovary function, in terms of hormone secretion and immune regulation. This study evaluated the potential effect of SP-EV-subsets on the modulation of cumulus-oocyte-complex (COCs) physiology during in vitro maturation (IVM). Two SP-EV-subsets, small-EVs (S-EVs) and large-EVs (L-EVs), were isolated from pig SP by size-exclusion-chromatography. Next, COCs were IVM in the absence (control) or presence of each SP-EV-subset to evaluate their uptake by COCs (PKH67-EVs labelling) and their effect on oocyte and cumulus cells (CCs) (gene expression, and progesterone and estradiol-17β levels). S-EVs and L-EVs were able to bind CCs but not oocytes. Supplementation with L-EVs induced changes (P ≤ 0.05) in the transcript levels of oocyte maturation- (HAS2) and steroidogenesis-related genes (CYP11A1 and HSD3B1) in CCs. No effect on nuclear oocyte maturation and progesterone and estradiol-17β levels was observed when COCs were IVM with any of the two SP-EV-subsets. In conclusion, while SP-EV-subsets can be integrated by CCs during IVM, they do not affect oocyte maturation and only L-EVs are able to modulate CCs function, mainly modifying the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes.
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25
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Counts of hyaluronic acid-containing extracellular vesicles decrease in naturally occurring equine osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17550. [PMID: 36266410 PMCID: PMC9585069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with inadequately understood pathogenesis leading to pain and functional limitations. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by synovial joint cells can induce both pro- and anti-OA effects. Hyaluronic acid (HA) lubricates the surfaces of articular cartilage and is one of the bioactive molecules transported by EVs. In humans, altered EV counts and composition can be observed in OA synovial fluid (SF), while EV research is in early stages in the horse-a well-recognized OA model. The aim was to characterize SF EVs and their HA cargo in 19 horses. SF was collected after euthanasia from control, OA, and contralateral metacarpophalangeal joints. The SF HA concentrations and size distribution were determined with a sandwich-type enzyme-linked sorbent assay and size-exclusion chromatography. Ultracentrifugation followed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were utilized to quantify small EVs, while confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and image analysis characterized larger EVs. The number and size distribution of small EVs measured by NTA were unaffected by OA, but these results may be limited by the lack of hyaluronidase pre-treatment of the samples. When visualized by CLSM, the number and proportion of larger HA-containing EVs (HA-EVs) decreased in OA SF (generalized linear model, count: p = 0.024, %: p = 0.028). There was an inverse association between the OA grade and total EV count, HA-EV count, and HA-EV % (rs = - 0.264 to - 0.327, p = 0.012-0.045). The total HA concentrations were also lower in OA (generalized linear model, p = 0.002). To conclude, the present study discovered a potential SF biomarker (HA-EVs) for naturally occurring equine OA. The roles of HA-EVs in the pathogenesis of OA and their potential as a joint disease biomarker and therapeutic target warrant future studies.
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26
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Aguirre RS, Kulkarni A, Becker MW, Lei X, Sarkar S, Ramanadham S, Phelps EA, Nakayasu ES, Sims EK, Mirmira RG. Extracellular vesicles in β cell biology: Role of lipids in vesicle biogenesis, cargo, and intercellular signaling. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101545. [PMID: 35817393 PMCID: PMC9294332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder whose pathogenesis involves an intricate interplay between β cells of the pancreatic islet, other islet cells, and cells of the immune system. Direct intercellular communication within the islet occurs via cell surface proteins and indirect intercellular communication has traditionally been seen as occurring via secreted proteins (e.g., endocrine hormones and cytokines). However, recent literature suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by β cells constitute an additional and biologically important mechanism for transmitting signals to within the islet. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the general mechanisms of EV formation, with a particular focus on how lipids and lipid signaling pathways influence their formation and cargo. We review the implications of EV release from β cells for T1D pathogenesis, how EVs and their cargo might be leveraged as biomarkers of this process, and how EVs might be engineered as a therapeutic candidate to counter T1D outcomes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Islet β cells have been viewed as initiators and propagators of the cellular circuit giving rise to autoimmunity in T1D. In this context, emerging literature suggests that EVs may represent a conduit for communication that holds more comprehensive messaging about the β cells from which they arise. As the field of EV biology advances, it opens the possibility that intervening with EV formation and cargo loading could be a novel disease-modifying approach in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew W. Becker
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily K. Sims
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author. 900 E. 57th St., KCBD 8130, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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27
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Yuan X, Sun L, Jeske R, Nkosi D, York SB, Liu Y, Grant SC, Meckes DG, Li Y. Engineering extracellular vesicles by three-dimensional dynamic culture of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12235. [PMID: 35716062 PMCID: PMC9206229 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown therapeutic potential in recent studies. However, the corresponding therapeutic components are largely unknown, and scale-up production of hMSC EVs is a major challenge for translational applications. In the current study, hMSCs were grown as 3D aggregates under wave motion to promote EV secretion. Results demonstrate that 3D hMSC aggregates promote activation of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent and -independent pathways. mRNA sequencing revealed global transcriptome alterations for 3D hMSC aggregates. Compared to 2D-hMSC-EVs, the quantity of 3D-hMSC-EVs was enhanced significantly (by 2-fold), with smaller sizes, higher miR-21 and miR-22 expression, and an altered protein cargo (e.g., upregulation of cytokines and anti-inflammatory factors) uncovered by proteomics analysis, possibly due to altered EV biogenesis. Functionally, 3D-hMSC-EVs rejuvenated senescent stem cells and exhibited enhanced immunomodulatory potentials. In summary, this study provides a promising strategy for scalable production of high-quality EVs from hMSCs with enhanced therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
- Present address:
Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California‐Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- The National High Magnetic Field LaboratoryTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Dingani Nkosi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Sara B. York
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Samuel C. Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
- The National High Magnetic Field LaboratoryTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - David G. Meckes
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
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28
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Fatty Acid Fingerprints and Hyaluronic Acid in Extracellular Vesicles from Proliferating Human Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105613. [PMID: 35628422 PMCID: PMC9146557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as conveyors of fatty acids (FAs) and other bioactive lipids and can modulate the gene expression and behavior of target cells. EV lipid composition influences the fluidity and stability of EV membranes and reflects the availability of lipid mediator precursors. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) secrete EVs that transport hyaluronic acid (HA). FLSs play a central role in inflammation, pannus formation, and cartilage degradation in joint diseases, and EVs have recently emerged as potential mediators of these effects. The aim of the present study was to follow temporal changes in HA and EV secretion by normal FLSs, and to characterize the FA profiles of FLSs and EVs during proliferation. The methods used included nanoparticle tracking analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, sandwich-type enzyme-linked sorbent assay, quantitative PCR, and gas chromatography. The expression of hyaluronan synthases 1-3 in FLSs and HA concentrations in conditioned media decreased during cell proliferation. This was associated with elevated proportions of 20:4n-6 and total n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in high-density cells, reductions in n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios, and up-regulation of cluster of differentiation 44, tumor necrosis factor α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and PPAR-γ. Compared to the parent FLSs, 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1n-9 were enriched in the EV fraction. EV counts decreased during cell growth, and 18:2n-6 in EVs correlated with the cell count. To conclude, FLS proliferation was featured by increased 20:4n-6 proportions and reduced n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios, and FAs with a low degree of unsaturation were selectively transferred from FLSs into EVs. These FA modifications have the potential to affect membrane fluidity, biosynthesis of lipid mediators, and inflammatory processes in joints, and could eventually provide tools for translational studies to counteract cartilage degradation in inflammatory joint diseases.
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29
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Channon LM, Tyma VM, Xu Z, Greening DW, Wilson JS, Perera CJ, Apte MV. Small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and their cargo in pancreatic cancer: Key roles in the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188728. [PMID: 35385773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease, offering poor mortality rates for patients. The current challenge being faced is the inability to diagnose patients in a timely manner, where potentially curative resection provides the best chance of survival. Recently, small/nanosized extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including exosomes, have gained significant preclinical and clinical attention due to their emerging roles in cancer progression and diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype of recipient cells. This review provides an overview of the role of EVs, their subtypes and their oncogenic cargo (as characterised by targeted studies as well as agnostic '-omics' analyses) in the pathobiology of pancreatic cancer. The discussion covers the progress of 'omics technology' that has enabled elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that mediate the role of EVs and their cargo in pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M Channon
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Victoria M Tyma
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia, Victoria 3800, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia.
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30
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Ben-Nissan G, Katzir N, Füzesi-Levi MG, Sharon M. Biology of the Extracellular Proteasome. Biomolecules 2022; 12:619. [PMID: 35625547 PMCID: PMC9139032 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are traditionally considered intracellular complexes that play a critical role in maintaining proteostasis by degrading short-lived regulatory proteins and removing damaged proteins. Remarkably, in addition to these well-studied intracellular roles, accumulating data indicate that proteasomes are also present in extracellular body fluids. Not much is known about the origin, biological role, mode(s) of regulation or mechanisms of extracellular transport of these complexes. Nevertheless, emerging evidence indicates that the presence of proteasomes in the extracellular milieu is not a random phenomenon, but rather a regulated, coordinated physiological process. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of extracellular proteasomes. To this end, we examine 143 proteomic datasets, leading us to the realization that 20S proteasome subunits are present in at least 25 different body fluids. Our analysis also indicates that while 19S subunits exist in some of those fluids, the dominant proteasome activator in these compartments is the PA28α/β complex. We also elaborate on the positive correlations that have been identified in plasma and extracellular vesicles, between 20S proteasome and activity levels to disease severity and treatment efficacy, suggesting the involvement of this understudied complex in pathophysiology. In addition, we address the considerations and practical experimental methods that should be taken when investigating extracellular proteasomes. Overall, we hope this review will stimulate new opportunities for investigation and thoughtful discussions on this exciting topic that will contribute to the maturation of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (G.B.-N.); (N.K.); (M.G.F.-L.)
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31
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Bonifay A, Robert S, Champagne B, Petit P, Eugène A, Chareyre C, Duchez A, Vélier M, Fritz S, Vallier L, Lacroix R, Dignat‐George F. A new strategy to count and sort neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles: Validation in infectious disorders. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12204. [PMID: 35362257 PMCID: PMC8971553 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly recognized polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMNs) functions include the ability to release subcellular mediators such as neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) involved in immune and thrombo-inflammatory responses. Elevation of their plasmatic level has been reported in a variety of infectious and cardiovascular disorders, but the clinical use of this potential biomarker is hampered by methodological issues. Although flow cytometry (FCM) is currently used to detect NDEVs in the plasma of patients, an extensive characterization of NDEVs has never been done. Moreover, their detection remains challenging because of their small size and low antigen density. Therefore, the objective of the present study was first to establish a surface antigenic signature of NDEVs detectable by FCM and therefore to improve their detection in biological fluids by developing a strategy allowing to overcome their low fluorescent signal and reduce the background noise. By testing a large panel of 54 antibody specificities already reported to be positive on PMNs, we identified a profile of 15 membrane protein markers, including 4 (CD157, CD24, CD65 and CD66c) never described on NDEVs. Among them, CD15, CD66b and CD66c were identified as the most sensitive and specific markers to detect NDEVs by FCM. Using this antigenic signature, we developed a new strategy combining the three best antibodies in a cocktail and reducing the background noise by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This strategy allowed a significant improvement in NDEVs enumeration in plasma from sepsis patients and made it feasible to efficiently sort NDEVs from COVID-19 patients. Altogether, this work opens the door to a more valuable measurement of NDEVs as a potential biomarker in clinical practice. A similar strategy could also be applied to improve detection by FCM of other rare subpopulations of EVs generated by tissues with limited access, such as vascular endothelium, cancer cells or placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bonifay
- Aix‐Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260MarseilleFrance
- Department of Hematology and Vascular BiologyCHU La Conception, APHMMarseilleFrance
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix‐Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260MarseilleFrance
| | - Belinda Champagne
- Aix‐Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260MarseilleFrance
| | - Paul‐Rémi Petit
- Department of Hematology and Vascular BiologyCHU La Conception, APHMMarseilleFrance
| | - Aude Eugène
- Department of Hematology and Vascular BiologyCHU La Conception, APHMMarseilleFrance
| | - Corinne Chareyre
- Aix‐Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260MarseilleFrance
| | | | - Mélanie Vélier
- Aix‐Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260MarseilleFrance
- Department of Hematology and Vascular BiologyCHU La Conception, APHMMarseilleFrance
| | - Shirley Fritz
- Department of Hematology and Vascular BiologyCHU La Conception, APHMMarseilleFrance
| | - Loris Vallier
- Aix‐Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260MarseilleFrance
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix‐Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260MarseilleFrance
- Department of Hematology and Vascular BiologyCHU La Conception, APHMMarseilleFrance
| | - Françoise Dignat‐George
- Aix‐Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260MarseilleFrance
- Department of Hematology and Vascular BiologyCHU La Conception, APHMMarseilleFrance
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Stimulatory Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Leuconostoc holzapfelii That Exists in Human Scalp on Hair Growth in Human Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:845-866. [PMID: 35723343 PMCID: PMC8929027 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) located in hair follicles (HFs) play a pivotal role in hair follicle morphogenesis, hair cycling, and hair growth. Over the past few decades, probiotic bacteria (PB) have been reported to have beneficial effects such as improved skin health, anti-obesity, and immuno-modulation for conditions including atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PB can secrete 50~150 nm sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microbial DNA, miRNA, proteins, lipids, and cell wall components. These EVs can regulate communication between bacteria or between bacteria and their host. Although numerous biological effects of PB-EVs have been reported, the physiological roles of Leuconostoc holzapfelii (hs-Lh), which is isolated from human scalp tissue, and the extracellular vesicles derived from them (hs-LhEVs) are largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of hs-LhEVs on hair growth in HFDPCs. We show that hs-LhEVs increase cell proliferation, migration, and regulate the cell cycle. Furthermore, hs-LhEVs were found to modulate the mRNA expression of hair-growth-related genes in vitro. These data demonstrate that hs-LhEVs can reduce apoptosis by modulating the cell cycle and promote hair growth by regulation via the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway.
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Yang LP, Zheng JH, Zhang JK, Huang XH. Dysregulated miR-222-3p in plasma exosomes of preeclampsia patients and its In vitro effect on HTR8/SVneo extravillous trophoblast cells by targeting STMN1. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221138550. [PMID: 36475430 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221138550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of miR-222-3p in plasma exosomes (Exos) and plasma for preeclampsia (PE) and the effect of miR-222-3p targeting STMN1 in PE. METHODS MiR-222-3p levels in total plasma and plasma Exos were detected in PE patients and healthy controls. A bioinformatics database and dual-luciferase reporter assay were employed to verify the targeting relationship between miR-222-3p and STMN1. Trophoblast HTR-8/Svneo cells were transfected with miR-222-3p inhibitors with/without STMN1 shRNA, followed by MTT, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. The mRNA and protein expressions were measured by qRT‒PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS MiR-222-3p levels in total plasma and plasma Exos were higher in PE patients than in healthy controls, particularly in severe PE patients. In addition, miR-222-3p levels in total plasma and plasma Exos from PE patients were positively correlated with diastolic and systolic blood pressure. The area under the curve (AUC) of miR-222-3p in total plasma for PE diagnostic efficiency was 0.798, with a sensitivity of 76.67% and specificity of 71.93%, while the AUC of miR-222-3p in plasma Exos was 0.708 (sensitivity: 61.67%; specificity: 78.95%). In vitro, miR-222-3p targeted STMN1 in HTR-8/Svneo cells. Low miR-222-3p expression reversed the inhibitory effect of STMN1 shRNA on the proliferation, invasion and migration of HTR/SVneo cells. CONCLUSION PE patients had increased miR-222-3p expression in total plasma and plasma Exos, which both have high diagnostic efficiency for PE. MiR-222-3p can target STMN1 to promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of HTR-8/Svneo cells and is a potential therapeutic target of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Kun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Naito T, Jingushi K, Ueda K, Tsujikawa K. Azurocidin is loaded into small extracellular vesicles via its N-linked glycosylation and promotes intravasation of renal cell carcinoma cells. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2522-2532. [PMID: 34418081 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Azurocidin (AZU1) is an antimicrobial protein secreted by neutrophils that acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes and macrophages and a permeabilizer of vascular endothelial cells. We previously identified AZU1 to be specifically present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues. Here, we examined the relationship between N-linked glycosylation and AZU1 loading into small EVs (SEVs). Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation by introducing mutations in three glycosylation sites inhibited AZU1 loading into SEVs. Furthermore, SEVs released from AZU1-wild-type cells increased the Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells and the endothelial permeability, whereas SEVs released from AZU1-mutant cells had no significant effect. Anti-AZU1 antibodies diminished the effect of SEVs on endothelial cell sheets. Collectively, we found that N-linked glycosylation of AZU1 directs its loading into SEVs, thereby enabling AZU1-positive SEVs to function as potent permeabilizers of endothelial cells and leading to enhanced transendothelial migration of RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Naito
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jingushi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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35
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Endothelial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091525. [PMID: 34575601 PMCID: PMC8472224 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a key hallmark in the pathology of many neuroinflammatory disorders. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane-enclosed carriers of molecular cargo that are involved in cell-to-cell communication. Circulating endothelial EVs are increased in the plasma of patients with neurological disorders, and immune cell-derived EVs are known to modulate cerebrovascular functions. However, little is known about whether brain endothelial cell (BEC)-derived EVs themselves contribute to BBB dysfunction. Human cerebral microvascular cells (hCMEC/D3) were treated with TNFα and IFNy, and the EVs were isolated and characterised. The effect of EVs on BBB transendothelial resistance (TEER) and leukocyte adhesion in hCMEC/D3 cells was measured by electric substrate cell-substrate impedance sensing and the flow-based T-cell adhesion assay. EV-induced molecular changes in recipient hCMEC/D3 cells were analysed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. A stimulation of naïve hCMEC/D3 cells with small EVs (sEVs) reduced the TEER and increased the shear-resistant T-cell adhesion. The levels of microRNA-155, VCAM1 and ICAM1 were increased in sEV-treated hCMEC/D3 cells. Blocking the expression of VCAM1, but not of ICAM1, prevented sEV-mediated T-cell adhesion to brain endothelia. These results suggest that sEVs derived from inflamed BECs promote cerebrovascular dysfunction. These findings may provide new insights into the mechanisms involving neuroinflammatory disorders.
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The Power of Extracellular Vesicles in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: "Crafting" a Microenvironment That Matters. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092316. [PMID: 34571965 PMCID: PMC8464728 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) are acquired clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cells and include Essential Thrombocythemia, Polycythemia Vera and Myelofibrosis. MPN are characterized by mutations in three driver genes (JAK2, CALR and MPL) and by a state of chronic inflammation. Notably, MPN patients experience increased risk of thrombosis, disease progression, second neoplasia and evolution to acute leukemia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of microparticles with a role in cell-cell communication. The EV-mediated cross-talk occurs via the trafficking of bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites and lipids. Growing interest is focused on EVs and their potential impact on the regulation of blood cancers. Overall, EVs have been suggested to orchestrate the complex interplay between tumor cells and the microenvironment with a pivotal role in "education" and "crafting" of the microenvironment by regulating angiogenesis, coagulation, immune escape and drug resistance of tumors. This review is focused on the role of EVs in MPN. Specifically, we will provide an overview of recent findings on the involvement of EVs in MPN pathogenesis and discuss opportunities for their potential application as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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37
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CAD increases the long noncoding RNA PUNISHER in small extracellular vesicles and regulates endothelial cell function via vesicular shuttling. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:388-405. [PMID: 34484864 PMCID: PMC8403722 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as biomarkers and regulators of cardiovascular disease. However, the expression pattern of circulating extracellular vesicle (EV)-incorporated lncRNAs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is still poorly investigated. A human lncRNA array revealed that certain EV-lncRNAs are significantly dysregulated in CAD patients. Circulating small EVs (sEVs) from patients with (n = 30) or without (n = 30) CAD were used to quantify PUNISHER (also known as AGAP2-antisense RNA 1 [AS1]), GAS5, MALAT1, and H19 RNA levels. PUNISHER (p = 0.002) and GAS5 (p = 0.02) were significantly increased in patients with CAD, compared to non-CAD patients. Fluorescent labeling and quantitative real-time PCR of sEVs demonstrated that functional PUNISHER was transported into the recipient cells. Mechanistically, the RNA-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK), interacts with PUNISHER, regulating its loading into sEVs. Knockdown of PUNISHER abrogated the EV-mediated effects on endothelial cell (EC) migration, proliferation, tube formation, and sprouting. Angiogenesis-related gene profiling showed that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) RNA was significantly increased in EV recipient cells. Protein stability and RNA immunoprecipitation indicated that the PUNISHER-hnRNPK axis regulates the stability and binding of VEGFA mRNA to hnRNPK. Loss of PUNISHER in EVs abolished the EV-mediated promotion of VEGFA gene and protein expression. Intercellular transfer of EV-incorporated PUNISHER promotes a pro-angiogenic phenotype via a VEGFA-dependent mechanism.
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38
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Bonner SE, Willms E. Intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles in cancer and evolutionary biology. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 165:80-87. [PMID: 34391800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane enclosed vesicles that are released by cells. While initially thought to be cellular detritus or particles involved in eliminating waste from cells, EVs have been recognised as important mediators of intercellular communication by transferring their bioactive cargoes. Notably, over the last two decades, a substantial research effort has been undertaken to understand the role of EVs in cancer. It is now understood that tumour derived EVs can transfer their contents to influence metastatic behaviour, as well as establish favourable microenvironments and pre-metastatic niches that support cancer development and progression. EV-mediated intercellular communication in cancer will be of importance to understanding the emerging paradigm which views cancer as the establishment of a new species within the host organism. Here, we provide a concise overview of EVs and the current understanding of their role and application in cancer. In addition, we explore the potential wider role of EVs in the transfer of inherited characteristics and evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Bonner
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Willms
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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39
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Veerman RE, Teeuwen L, Czarnewski P, Güclüler Akpinar G, Sandberg A, Cao X, Pernemalm M, Orre LM, Gabrielsson S, Eldh M. Molecular evaluation of five different isolation methods for extracellular vesicles reveals different clinical applicability and subcellular origin. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12128. [PMID: 34322205 PMCID: PMC8298890 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly tested as therapeutic vehicles and biomarkers, but still EV subtypes are not fully characterised. To isolate EVs with few co-isolated entities, a combination of methods is needed. However, this is time-consuming and requires large sample volumes, often not feasible in most clinical studies or in studies where small sample volumes are available. Therefore, we compared EVs rendered by five commonly used methods based on different principles from conditioned cell medium and 250 μl or 3 ml plasma, that is, precipitation (ExoQuick ULTRA), membrane affinity (exoEasy Maxi Kit), size-exclusion chromatography (qEVoriginal), iodixanol gradient (OptiPrep), and phosphatidylserine affinity (MagCapture). EVs were characterised by electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Bioanalyzer, flow cytometry, and LC-MS/MS. The different methods yielded samples of different morphology, particle size, and proteomic profile. For the conditioned medium, Izon 35 isolated the highest number of EV proteins followed by exoEasy, which also isolated fewer non-EV proteins. For the plasma samples, exoEasy isolated a high number of EV proteins and few non-EV proteins, while Izon 70 isolated the most EV proteins. We conclude that no method is perfect for all studies, rather, different methods are suited depending on sample type and interest in EV subtype, in addition to sample volume and budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne E. Veerman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Loes Teeuwen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemistry and BiophysicsNational Bioinformatics Infrastructure SwedenStockholm UniversitySolnaSweden
| | - Gözde Güclüler Akpinar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - AnnSofi Sandberg
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Lukas M. Orre
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Maria Eldh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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40
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Martínez-Greene JA, Hernández-Ortega K, Quiroz-Baez R, Resendis-Antonio O, Pichardo-Casas I, Sinclair DA, Budnik B, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Uribe-Querol E, Ramos-Godínez MDP, Martínez-Martínez E. Quantitative proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicle subgroups isolated by an optimized method combining polymer-based precipitation and size exclusion chromatography. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12087. [PMID: 33936570 PMCID: PMC8077108 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has revealed a great heterogeneity in their composition at a cellular and tissue level. Current isolation methods fail to efficiently separate EV subtypes for proteomic and functional analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a reproducible and scalable isolation workflow to increase the yield and purity of EV preparations. Through a combination of polymer‐based precipitation and size exclusion chromatography (Pre‐SEC), we analyzed two subsets of EVs based on their CD9, CD63 and CD81 content and elution time. EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot assays. To evaluate differences in protein composition between the early‐ and late‐eluting EV fractions, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of MDA‐MB‐468‐derived EVs. We identified 286 exclusive proteins in early‐eluting fractions and 148 proteins with a differential concentration between early‐ and late‐eluting fractions. A density gradient analysis further revealed EV heterogeneity within each analyzed subgroup. Through a systems biology approach, we found significant interactions among proteins contained in the EVs which suggest the existence of functional clusters related to specific biological processes. The workflow presented here allows the study of EV subtypes within a single cell type and contributes to standardizing the EV isolation for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Martínez-Greene
- Laboratory of Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica Mexico City Mexico
| | - Karina Hernández-Ortega
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Ricardo Quiroz-Baez
- Departamento de Investigación Básica Instituto Nacional de Geriatría Mexico City Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica Mexico City Mexico.,Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-Red de Apoyo a la Investigación Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
| | - Israel Pichardo-Casas
- Department of Genetics Paul F. Glenn Labs for the Biology of Aging Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics Paul F. Glenn Labs for the Biology of Aging Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Bogdan Budnik
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource Laboratory Division of Science Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica Mexico City Mexico
| | - Eileen Uribe-Querol
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica Mexico City Mexico
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41
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Sung BH, Parent CA, Weaver AM. Extracellular vesicles: Critical players during cell migration. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1861-1874. [PMID: 33811804 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, contributing to embryogenesis, wound healing, immune response, and other critical processes. It is also involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including immune deficiency disorders and cancer metastasis. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play important roles in cell migration. Here, we review recent studies describing the functions of EVs in multiple aspects of cell motility, including directional sensing, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and leader-follower behavior. We also discuss the role of EVs in migration during development and disease and the utility of imaging tools for studying the role of EVs in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Hwan Sung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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42
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Xavier CPR, Castro I, Caires HR, Ferreira D, Cavadas B, Pereira L, Santos LL, Oliveira MJ, Vasconcelos MH. Chitinase 3-like-1 and fibronectin in the cargo of extracellular vesicles shed by human macrophages influence pancreatic cancer cellular response to gemcitabine. Cancer Lett 2021; 501:210-223. [PMID: 33212158 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages have been implicated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) therapy response and Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by macrophages might have a role in this process. Here, we demonstrated that large EVs released by anti-inflammatory human macrophages decreased PDAC cellular sensitivity to gemcitabine. Using proteomic analysis, chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) and fibronectin (FN1) were identified as two of the most abundant proteins in the cargo of macrophages-derived EVs. Overexpression of CHI3L1 and FN1, using recombinant human proteins, induced PDAC cellular resistance to gemcitabine through ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) activation. Inhibition of CHI3L1 and FN1 by pentoxifylline and pirfenidone, respectively, partially reverted gemcitabine resistance. In PDAC patient samples, CHI3L1 and FN1 were expressed in the stroma, associated with the high presence of macrophages. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis revealed an association between CHI3L1 and FN1 gene expression, overall survival of PDAC patients, gemcitabine response, and macrophage infiltration. Altogether, our data identifies CHI3L1 and FN1 as potential targets for pharmacological inhibition in PDAC. Further pre-clinical in vivo work is warranted to study the possibility of repurposing pentoxifylline and pirfenidone as adjuvant therapies for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Castro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R Caires
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO - Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Genetic Diversity Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Genetic Diversity Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio L Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO - Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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43
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Patel MR, Weaver AM. Astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles promote synapse formation via fibulin-2-mediated TGF-β signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108829. [PMID: 33691102 PMCID: PMC8002899 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal synapse formation is critical for brain development and depends on secreted factors from astrocytes. Here, we report that small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from primary astrocytes, but not from neurons or C6 glioma cells, greatly enhance spine and synapse formation by primary cortical neurons. A comparative proteomics analysis of small EVs from astrocytes, neurons, and C6 glioma cells identified fibulin-2 as a promising EV cargo to regulate synaptogenesis. Treatment of cortical neurons with recombinant fibulin-2 increased the formation of spines and synapses, similar to the effect of small EVs. In addition, treatment of neurons with fibulin-2 or astrocyte-derived small EVs led to increased phosphorylation of Smad2, an indicator of TGF-β signaling. Finally, the effects of fibulin-2 and astrocyte-derived small EVs on synapse formation were reversed by inhibiting transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. These data suggest a model in which astrocyte EVs promote synapse formation via fibulin-2-mediated activation of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikin R Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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44
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Yousif G, Qadri S, Haik M, Haik Y, Parray AS, Shuaib A. Circulating Exosomes of Neuronal Origin as Potential Early Biomarkers for Development of Stroke. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:163-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Fenselau C, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Molecular cargo in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their exosomes. Cell Immunol 2021; 359:104258. [PMID: 33338939 PMCID: PMC7802618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collaborative research is reviewed in which mass spectrometry-based proteomics and next generation sequencing were used qualitatively and quantitatively to interrogate proteins and RNAs carried in intact myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and exosomes shed in vitro by MDSC. In aggregate exosomes more than 4000 proteins were identified, including annexins and immunosuppressive mediators. Bioassays showed that exosomes induce MDSC chemotaxis dependent on S100A8 and S100A9 in their cargo. Surface selective chemistry identified glycoproteins on MDSC and exosome surfaces, including CD47 and thrombospondin 1, which both facilitate exosome-catalyzed chemotaxis. Large numbers of mRNAs and microRNAs were identified in aggregate exosomes, whose potential functions in receptor cells include angiogenesis, and proinflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. Inflammation was found to have asymmetric effects on MDSC and exosomal cargos. Collectively, our findings indicate that the exosomes shed by MDSC provide divergent and complementary functions that support the immunosuppression and tumor promotion activities of MDSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fenselau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
| | - Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 20742, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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Proteomic Profiling of Two Distinct Populations of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Human Seminal Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217957. [PMID: 33114768 PMCID: PMC7663558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluids contain many populations of extracellular vesicles (EV) that differ in size, cellular origin, molecular composition, and biological activities. EV in seminal plasma are in majority originating from prostate epithelial cells, and hence are also referred to as prostasomes. Nevertheless, EV are also contributed by other accessory sex glands, as well as by the testis and epididymis. In a previous study, we isolated EV from seminal plasma of vasectomized men, thereby excluding contributions from the testis and epididymis, and identified two distinct EV populations with diameters of 50 and 100 nm, respectively. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the protein composition of these two EV populations using quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total 1558 proteins were identified. Of these, ≈45% was found only in the isolated 100 nm EV, 1% only in the isolated 50 nm EV, and 54% in both 100 nm and 50 nm EV. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggest that both originate from the prostate, but with distinct biogenesis pathways. Finally, nine proteins, including KLK3, KLK2, MSMB, NEFH, PSCA, PABPC1, TGM4, ALOX15B, and ANO7, with known prostate specific expression and alternate expression levels in prostate cancer tissue were identified. These data have potential for the discovery of EV associated prostate cancer biomarkers in blood.
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Chen QG, Chen L, Zhong QH, Zhang L, Jiang YH, Li SQ, Qin TY, Sun F, You XH, Yang WM, Huang B, Wang XZ. Optimization of urinary small extracellular vesicle isolation protocols: implications in early diagnosis, stratification, treatment and prognosis of diseases in the era of personalized medicine. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6302-6313. [PMID: 33194031 PMCID: PMC7653599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles isolation from urine was severely interfered by polymeric Tamm-Harsefall protein due to its ability to entrap exosome. Studies had been reported to optimize the extraction of urine extracellular vesicles by using reducing agents, surfactants, salt precipitation or ultrafiltration, but rarely based on highly specific purification methods. We optimized the density gradient centrifugation method for the isolation of urinary small extracellular vesicles (sEV) and compared seven differential centrifugation protocols to obtain the high-yield and high-purity sEV isolation procedures. Our study showed Tris sucrose gradient centrifugation at 25°C had more concentrated distribution of exosomal marker in the gradient compared to Tris sucrose gradient centrifugation at 4°C and PBS sucrose gradient centrifugation. Dissolving the 16000 g pellet using Tris, Nonidet™ P 40 or Dithiothreitol then pooling the supernatants did not increase the exosomal markers and number of nanoparticles in sEV preparation compared to the control and PBS groups. Differential centrifugation at room temperature without ultrafiltration recovered more exosome-like vesicles, exosomal markers and nanoparticles than that at 4°C or combining ultrafiltration. Differential centrifugation at RT without ultrafiltration and salt precipitation recovered the highest number of nanoparticles than other protocols. However, differential centrifugation at RT combining 100 kd ultrafiltration obtained the highest purity of sEV calculated by Nanoparticle number/Total protein. In conclusion, we had established two urinary sEV isolation procedures that can recovered higher yield of sEV and more pure preparation of sEV. It is not recommended to treating 16000 g pellet with reducing agents or surfactants to increase the yield of sEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Gen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiong-Hui Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu-Huan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shu-Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting-Yu Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia-Hong You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei-Ming Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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48
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Extracellular Vesicles as an Efficient and Versatile System for Drug Delivery. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102191. [PMID: 33003285 PMCID: PMC7600121 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in drug development, the majority of novel therapeutics have not been successfully translated into clinical applications. One of the major factors hindering their clinical translation is the lack of a safe, non-immunogenic delivery system with high target specificity upon systemic administration. In this respect, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural carriers of bioactive cargo, have emerged as a promising solution and can be further modified to improve their therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we provide an overview of the biogenesis pathways, biochemical features, and isolation methods of EVs with an emphasis on their many intrinsic properties that make them desirable as drug carriers. We then describe in detail the current advances in EV therapeutics, focusing on how EVs can be engineered to achieve improved target specificity, better circulation kinetics, and efficient encapsulation of therapeutic payloads. We also identify the challenges and obstacles ahead for clinical translation and provide an outlook on the future perspective of EV-based therapeutics.
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Altei WF, Pachane BC, dos Santos PK, Ribeiro LNM, Sung BH, Weaver AM, Selistre-de-Araújo HS. Inhibition of αvβ3 integrin impairs adhesion and uptake of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:158. [PMID: 32988382 PMCID: PMC7520983 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound particles that are naturally released from cells and mediate cell-cell communication. Integrin adhesion receptors are enriched in small EVs (SEVs) and SEV-carried integrins have been shown to promote cancer cell migration and to mediate organ-specific metastasis; however, how integrins mediate these effects is not entirely clear and could represent a combination of EV binding to extracellular matrix and cells. METHODS To probe integrin role in EVs binding and uptake, we employed a disintegrin inhibitor (DisBa-01) of integrin binding with specificity for αvβ3 integrin. EVs were purified from MDA-MB-231 cells conditioned media by serial centrifugation method. Isolated EVs were characterized by different techniques and further employed in adhesion, uptake and co-culture experiments. RESULTS We find that SEVs secreted from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells carry αvβ3 integrin and bind directly to fibronectin-coated plates, which is inhibited by DisBa-01. SEV coating on tissue culture plates also induces adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells, which is inhibited by DisBa-01 treatment. Analysis of EV uptake and interchange between cells reveals that the amount of CD63-positive EVs delivered from malignant MDA-MB-231 breast cells to non-malignant MCF10A breast epithelial cells is reduced by DisBa-01 treatment. Inhibition of αvβ3 integrin decreases CD63 expression in cancer cells suggesting an effect on SEV content. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings demonstrate for the first time a key role of αvβ3 integrin in cell-cell communication through SEVs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa F. Altei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bianca C. Pachane
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Patty K. dos Santos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lígia N. M. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bong Hwan Sung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Alissa M. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Heloisa S. Selistre-de-Araújo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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50
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Gavinho B, Sabatke B, Feijoli V, Rossi IV, da Silva JM, Evans-Osses I, Palmisano G, Lange S, Ramirez MI. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Inhibition Abolishes the Production of Large Extracellular Vesicles From Giardia intestinalis, Affecting Host-Pathogen Interactions by Hindering Adhesion to Host Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:417. [PMID: 33072615 PMCID: PMC7539837 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a microaerophilic protozoan that is an important etiologic agent of diarrhea worldwide. There is evidence that under diverse conditions, the parasite is capable of shedding extracellular vesicles (EVs) which modulate the physiopathology of giardiasis. Here we describe new features of G. intestinalis EV production, revealing its capacity to shed two different enriched EV populations: large (LEV) and small extracellular vesicles (SEV) and identified relevant adhesion functions associated with the larger population. Proteomic analysis revealed differences in proteins relevant for virulence and host-pathogen interactions between the two EV subsets, such as cytoskeletal and anti-oxidative stress response proteins in LEVS. We assessed the effect of two recently identified inhibitors of EV release in mammalian cells, namely peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor and cannabidiol (CBD), on EV release from Giardia. The compounds were both able to effectively reduce EV shedding, the PAD-inhibitor specifically affecting the release of LEVs and reducing parasite attachment to host cells in vitro. Our results suggest that LEVs and SEVs have a different role in host-pathogen interaction, and that treatment with EV-inhibitors may be a novel treatment strategy for recurrent giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gavinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Sabatke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Veronica Feijoli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Evans-Osses
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Centro Universitario Santa Cruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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