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Fucito M, Spedicato M, Felletti S, Yu AC, Busin M, Pasti L, Franchina FA, Cavazzini A, De Luca C, Catani M. A Look into Ocular Diseases: The Pivotal Role of Omics Sciences in Ophthalmology Research. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:247-259. [PMID: 38910860 PMCID: PMC11191728 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Precision medicine is a new medical approach which considers both population characteristics and individual variability to provide customized healthcare. The transition from traditional reactive medicine to personalized medicine is based on a biomarker-driven process and a deep knowledge of biological mechanisms according to which the development of diseases occurs. In this context, the advancements in high-throughput omics technologies represent a unique opportunity to discover novel biomarkers and to provide an unbiased picture of the biological system. One of the medical fields in which omics science has started to be recently applied is that of ophthalmology. Ocular diseases are very common, and some of them could be highly disabling, thus leading to vision loss and blindness. The pathogenic mechanism of most ocular diseases may be dependent on various genetic and environmental factors, whose effect has not been yet completely understood. In this context, large-scale omics approaches are fundamental to have a comprehensive evaluation of the whole system and represent an essential tool for the development of novel therapies. This Review summarizes the recent advancements in omics science applied to ophthalmology in the last ten years, in particular by focusing on proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics applications from an analytical perspective. The role of high-efficiency separation techniques coupled to (high-resolution) mass spectrometry ((HR)MS) is also discussed, as well as the impact of sampling, sample preparation and data analysis as integrating parts of the analytical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurine Fucito
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Spedicato
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department
of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Angeli Christy Yu
- Department
of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Busin
- Department
of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department
of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Flavio A. Franchina
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Council
for Agricultural Research and Economics, via della Navicella 2/4, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Botello-Marabotto M, Martínez-Bisbal MC, Pinazo-Durán MD, Martínez-Máñez R. Tear metabolomics for the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Talanta 2024; 273:125826. [PMID: 38479028 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is the most prevalent glaucoma type, and the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Identification of early POAG biomarkers is of enormous value, as there is not an effective treatment for the glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration (OND). In this pilot study, a metabolomic analysis, by using proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was conducted in tears, in order to determine the changes of specific metabolites in the initial glaucoma eyes and to discover potential diagnostic biomarkers. A classification model, based on the metabolomic fingerprint in tears was generated as a non-invasive tool to support the preclinical and clinical POAG diagnosis. 1H NMR spectra were acquired from 30 tear samples corresponding to the POAG group (n = 11) and the control group (n = 19). Data were analysed by multivariate statistics (partial least squares-discriminant analysis: PLS-DA) to determine a model capable of differentiating between groups. The whole data set was split into calibration (65%)/validation (35%), to test the performance and the ability for glaucoma discrimination. The calculated PLS-DA model showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 1, as well as a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 83.3% to distinguish POAG group versus control group tear data. This model included 11 metabolites, potential biomarkers of the disease. When comparing the study groups, a decrease in the tear concentration of phenylalanine, phenylacetate, leucine, n-acetylated compounds, formic acid, and uridine, was found in the POAG group. Moreover, an increase in the tear concentration of taurine, glycine, urea, glucose, and unsaturated fatty acids was observed in the POAG group. These results highlight the potential of tear metabolomics by 1H NMR spectroscopy as a non-invasive approach to support early POAG diagnosis and in order to prevent visual loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Botello-Marabotto
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE) - Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M Carmen Martínez-Bisbal
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE) - Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Dolores Pinazo-Durán
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolia"/FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmobiology Research Group at the University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Net of Inflammatory Research (REI-RICORS: RD21/0002/0032) Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE) - Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, València, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Knecht KT, Chiriac G, Guan HD. The potential impact of a vegetarian diet on glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma has centered on the lowering of intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve; however, this strategy is not uniformly successful, especially in normal tension glaucoma, and there is interest in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other neuroprotective strategies. Vegetarian diets are known to be rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components and have a number of established health benefits. Thus, it would be reasonable to assume that vegetarian diets would be beneficial in glaucoma, but this approach has not been well studied. We examine the possible role of vegetarian diets and their components in the incidence and progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Knecht
- Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiriac
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Howard D Guan
- Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA.
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Pucchio A, Krance SH, Pur DR, Bhatti J, Bassi A, Manichavagan K, Brahmbhatt S, Aggarwal I, Singh P, Virani A, Stanley M, Miranda RN, Felfeli T. Applications of artificial intelligence and bioinformatics methodologies in the analysis of ocular biofluid markers: a scoping review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1041-1091. [PMID: 37421481 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This scoping review summarizes the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and bioinformatics methodologies in analysis of ocular biofluid markers. The secondary objective was to explore supervised and unsupervised AI techniques and their predictive accuracies. We also evaluate the integration of bioinformatics with AI tools. METHODS This scoping review was conducted across five electronic databases including EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science from inception to July 14, 2021. Studies pertaining to biofluid marker analysis using AI or bioinformatics were included. RESULTS A total of 10,262 articles were retrieved from all databases and 177 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most commonly studied ocular diseases were diabetic eye diseases, with 50 papers (28%), while glaucoma was explored in 25 studies (14%), age-related macular degeneration in 20 (11%), dry eye disease in 10 (6%), and uveitis in 9 (5%). Supervised learning was used in 91 papers (51%), unsupervised AI in 83 (46%), and bioinformatics in 85 (48%). Ninety-eight papers (55%) used more than one class of AI (e.g. > 1 of supervised, unsupervised, bioinformatics, or statistical techniques), while 79 (45%) used only one. Supervised learning techniques were often used to predict disease status or prognosis, and demonstrated strong accuracy. Unsupervised AI algorithms were used to bolster the accuracy of other algorithms, identify molecularly distinct subgroups, or cluster cases into distinct subgroups that are useful for prediction of the disease course. Finally, bioinformatic tools were used to translate complex biomarker profiles or findings into interpretable data. CONCLUSION AI analysis of biofluid markers displayed diagnostic accuracy, provided insight into mechanisms of molecular etiologies, and had the ability to provide individualized targeted therapeutic treatment for patients. Given the progression of AI towards use in both research and the clinic, ophthalmologists should be broadly aware of the commonly used algorithms and their applications. Future research may be aimed at validating algorithms and integrating them in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Pucchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Queens School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Saffire H Krance
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daiana R Pur
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmine Bhatti
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Arshpreet Bassi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shaily Brahmbhatt
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Priyanka Singh
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aleena Virani
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rafael N Miranda
- The Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Felfeli
- The Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 340 College Street, Suite 400, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, Canada.
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Ulhaq ZS, Bittencourt GB, Soraya GV, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA, Ogino Y, Nurputra DK, Tse WKF. Association between glaucoma susceptibility with combined defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid beta oxidation. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 96:101238. [PMID: 38215610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, and is characterized by the progressive damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the atrophy of the optic nerve head (ONH). The exact cause of RGC loss and optic nerve damage in glaucoma is not fully understood. The high energy demands of these cells imply a higher sensitivity to mitochondrial defects. Moreover, it has been postulated that the optic nerve is vulnerable towards damage from oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. To investigate this further, we conducted a pooled analysis of mitochondrial variants related to energy production, specifically focusing on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Our findings revealed that patients carrying non-synonymous (NS) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants within the OXPHOS complexes had an almost two-fold increased risk of developing glaucoma. Regarding FAO, our results demonstrated that longer-chain acylcarnitines (AC) tended to decrease, while shorter-chain AC tended to increase in patients with glaucoma. Furthermore, we observed that the knocking down cpt1a (a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in FAO) in zebrafish induced a degenerative process in the optic nerve and RGC, which resembled the characteristics observed in glaucoma. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that genes encoding mitochondrial proteins involved in energy metabolisms, such as OXPHOS and FAO, are associated with glaucoma. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis and may offer potential targets for therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia; Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Guido Barbieri Bittencourt
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Lola Ayu Istifiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Yukiko Ogino
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Developmental Biology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Jang M, Shin J, Kim YH, Jeong TY, Jo S, Kim SJ, Devaraj V, Kang J, Choi EJ, Lee JE, Oh JW. 3D superstructure based metabolite profiling for glaucoma diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 244:115780. [PMID: 37939415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolome analysis has gained widespread application in disease diagnosis owing to its ability to provide comprehensive information, including disease phenotypes. In this study, we utilized 3D superstructures fabricated through evaporation-induced microprinting to analyze the metabolome for glaucoma diagnosis. 3D superstructures offer the following advantages: high hotspot density per unit volume of the structure extending from two to three dimensions, excellent signal repeatability due to the reproducibility and defect tolerance of 3D printing, and high thermal stability due to the PVP-enclosed capsule form. Leveraging the superior optical properties of the 3D superstructure, we aimed to classify patients with glaucoma. The signal obtained from the 3D superstructure was employed in a Deep Neural Network (DNN) classification model to accurately classify glaucoma patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were determined as 92.05% and 93.51%, respectively. Additionally, the fabrication of 3D superstructures can be performed at any stage, significantly reducing measurement time. Furthermore, their thermal stability allows for the analysis of smaller samples. One notable advantage of 3D superstructures is their versatility in accommodating different target materials. Consequently, they can be utilized for a wide range of metabolic analyses and disease diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Jang
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - You Hwan Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Jeong
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Jo
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasanthan Devaraj
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Kang
- Department of Nano Energy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Choi
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Nano Energy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Serrano-Marín J, Marin S, Bernal-Casas D, Lillo A, González-Subías M, Navarro G, Cascante M, Sánchez-Navés J, Franco R. A metabolomics study in aqueous humor discloses altered arginine metabolism in Parkinson's disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:90. [PMID: 38049870 PMCID: PMC10696737 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of accessible and informative biomarkers results in a delayed diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), whose symptoms appear when a significant number of dopaminergic neurons have already disappeared. The retina, a historically overlooked part of the central nervous system (CNS), has gained recent attention. It has been discovered that the composition of cerebrospinal fluid influences the aqueous humor composition through microfluidic circulation. In addition, alterations found in the brain of patients with PD have a correlate in the retina. This new paradigm highlights the potential of the aqueous humor as a sample for identifying differentially concentrated metabolites that could, eventually, become biomarkers if also found altered in blood or CSF of patients. In this research we aim at analyzing the composition of the aqueous humor from healthy controls and PD patients. METHODS A targeted metabolomics approach with concentration determination by mass spectrometry was used. Statistical methods including principal component analysis and linear discriminants were used to select differentially concentrated metabolites that allow distinguishing patients from controls. RESULTS In this first metabolomics study in the aqueous humor of PD patients, elevated levels of 16 compounds were found; molecules differentially concentrated grouped into biogenic amines, amino acids, and acylcarnitines. A biogenic amine, putrescine, alone could be a metabolite capable of differentiating between PD and control samples. The altered levels of the metabolites were correlated, suggesting that the elevations stem from a common mechanism involving arginine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS A combination of three metabolites, putrescine, tyrosine, and carnitine was able to correctly classify healthy participants from PD patients. Altered metabolite levels suggest altered arginine metabolism. The pattern of metabolomic disturbances was not due to the levodopa-based dopamine replacement medication because one of the patients was not yet taking levodopa but a dopamine receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano-Marín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- CIBEREHD. Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - David Bernal-Casas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc González-Subías
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed. Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases., Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- CIBEREHD. Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Navés
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmedic and I.P.O. Institute of Ophthalmology, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- CiberNed. Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases., Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Huang L, Hong Y, Fu X, Tan H, Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen D. The role of the microbiota in glaucoma. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101221. [PMID: 37866106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common irreversible vision loss disorder because of the gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve axons. Major risk factors include elder age and high intraocular pressure (IOP). However, high IOP is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause glaucoma. Some non-IOP signaling cascades can mediate RGC degeneration. In addition, gender, diet, obesity, depression, or anxiety also contribute to the development of glaucoma. Understanding the mechanism of glaucoma development is crucial for timely diagnosis and establishing new strategies to improve current IOP-reducing therapies. The microbiota exerts a marked influence on the human body during homeostasis and disease. Many glaucoma patients have abnormal compositions of the microbiota (dysbiosis) in multiple locations, including the ocular surface, intraocular cavity, oral cavity, stomach, and gut. Here, we discuss findings in the last ten years or more about the microbiota and metabolite changes in animal models, patients with three risk factors (aging, obesity, and depression), and glaucoma patients. Antigenic mimicry and heat stress protein (HSP)-specific T-cell infiltration in the retina may be responsible for commensal microbes contributing to glaucomatous RGC damage. LPS-TLR4 pathway may be the primary mechanism of oral and ocular surface dysbiosis affecting glaucoma. Microbe-derived metabolites may also affect glaucoma pathogenesis. Homocysteine accumulation, inflammatory factor release, and direct dissemination may link gastric H. pylori infection and anterior chamber viral infection (such as cytomegalovirus) to glaucoma. Potential therapeutic protocols targeting microbiota include antibiotics, modified diet, and stool transplant. Later investigations will uncover the underlying molecular mechanism connecting dysbiosis to glaucoma and its clinical applications in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- The Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; The Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Hong
- The Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; The Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- The Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; The Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haishan Tan
- The Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; The Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongjiang Chen
- The School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yujiao Wang
- The Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; The Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Danian Chen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; The Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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9
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Rombaut A, Brautaset R, Williams PA, Tribble JR. Glial metabolic alterations during glaucoma pathogenesis. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1290465. [PMID: 38983068 PMCID: PMC11182098 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1290465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Current treatment options are limited and often only slow disease progression. Metabolic dysfunction has recently been recognized as a key early and persistent mechanism in glaucoma pathophysiology. Several intrinsic metabolic dysfunctions have been identified and treated in retinal ganglion cells to provide neuroprotection. Growing pre-clinical and clinical evidence has confirmed that metabolic alterations in glaucoma are widespread, occurring across visual system tissues, in ocular fluids, in blood/serum, and at the level of genomic and mitochondrial DNA. This suggests that metabolic dysfunction is not constrained to retinal ganglion cells and that metabolic alterations extrinsic to retinal ganglion cells may contribute to their metabolic compromise. Retinal ganglion cells are reliant on glial metabolic support under normal physiological conditions, but the implications of metabolic dysfunction in glia are underexplored. We highlight emerging evidence that has demonstrated metabolic alterations occurring within glia in glaucoma, and how this may affect neuro-glial metabolic coupling and the metabolic vulnerability of retinal ganglion cells. In other neurodegenerative diseases which share features with glaucoma, several other glial metabolic alterations have been identified, suggesting that similar mechanisms and therapeutic targets may exist in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pete A. Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James R. Tribble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Sato K, Saigusa D, Kokubun T, Fujioka A, Feng Q, Saito R, Uruno A, Matsukawa N, Ohno-Oishi M, Kunikata H, Yokoyama Y, Yasuda M, Himori N, Omodaka K, Tsuda S, Maekawa S, Yamamoto M, Nakazawa T. Reduced glutathione level in the aqueous humor of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:28. [PMID: 37990002 PMCID: PMC10663551 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide in older people. Profiling the aqueous humor, including the metabolites it contains, is useful to understand physiological and pathological conditions in the eye. In the current study, we used mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize the aqueous humor metabolomic profile and biological features of patients with glaucoma. Aqueous humor samples were collected during trabeculectomy surgery or cataract surgery and analyzed with global metabolomics. We included 40 patients with glaucoma (32 with POAG, 8 with NTG) and 37 control subjects in a discovery study. VIP analysis revealed five metabolites that were elevated and three metabolites that were reduced in the glaucoma patients. The identified metabolomic profile had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.953. Among eight selected metabolites, the glutathione level was significantly decreased in association with visual field defects. Moreover, in a validation study to confirm the reproducibility of our findings, the glutathione level was reduced in NTG and POAG patients compared with a cataract control group. Our findings demonstrate that aqueous humor profiling can help to diagnose glaucoma and that various aqueous humor metabolites are correlated with clinical parameters in glaucoma patients. In addition, glutathione is clearly reduced in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients with both IOP-dependent and IOP-independent disease subtypes. These findings indicate that antioxidant agents in the aqueous humor reflect glaucomatous optic nerve damage and that excessive oxidative stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Taiki Kokubun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Amane Fujioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Qiwei Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ritsumi Saito
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Uruno
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsukawa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michiko Ohno-Oishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Aging Vision Healthcare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigeto Maekawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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11
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Pietrowska K, Godlewski A, Grochowski E, Gosk W, Konopinska J, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M, Dmuchowska D. Adaptation of the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit to the analysis of metabolites in the human aqueous humor. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123880. [PMID: 37690387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use the commercial kit AbsoluteIDQ p180 (Biocrates) for the quantification of metabolites in aqueous humor (AH), as well as to determine the optimal volume of AH that is necessary to obtain reliable and reproducible results. Different volumes of AH (10 µl, 20 µl, and 30 µl) were tested. Of the 188 metabolites measurable with the Biocrates kit, 69 were detected in AH. Depending on the volume used, 41, 51, and 63 metabolites were measured using 10 µl, 20 µl, and 30 µl of AH, respectively. The repeatability of the measurements improved with increasing AH volume. Considering only those metabolites that were obtained with a CV < 15%, 34 metabolites at 10 µl, 41 at 20 µl, and 44 at 30 µl AH were received. On this basis, it can be concluded that the tested method can be successfully applied to analyze metabolites in the human AH. To achieve the most comprehensive detection range and highest repeatability of measurements, it is recommended to use 30 µl AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pietrowska
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Godlewski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emil Grochowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioleta Gosk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Konopinska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Diana Dmuchowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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12
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Pucchio A, Krance S, Pur DR, Bassi A, Miranda R, Felfeli T. The role of artificial intelligence in analysis of biofluid markers for diagnosis and management of glaucoma: A systematic review. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:1816-1833. [PMID: 36426575 PMCID: PMC10469503 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221140948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review focuses on utility of artificial intelligence (AI) in analysis of biofluid markers in glaucoma. We detail the accuracy and validity of AI in the exploration of biomarkers to provide insight into glaucoma pathogenesis. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted across five electronic databases including Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. Studies pertaining to biofluid marker analysis using AI or bioinformatics in glaucoma were included. Identified studies were critically appraised and assessed for risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. RESULTS A total of 10,258 studies were screened and 39 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 23 cross-sectional studies (59%), nine prospective cohort studies (23%), six retrospective cohort studies (15%), and one case-control study (3%). Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) was the most commonly studied subtype (55% of included studies). Twenty-four studies examined disease characteristics, 10 explored treatment decisions, and 5 provided diagnostic clarification. While studies examined at entire metabolomic or proteomic profiles to determine changes in POAG, there was heterogeneity in the data with over 175 unique, differentially expressed biomarkers reported. Discriminant analysis and artificial neural network predictive models displayed strong differentiating ability between glaucoma patients and controls, although these tools were untested in a clinical context. CONCLUSION The use of AI models could inform glaucoma diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. While insight into differentially expressed biomarkers is valuable in pathogenic exploration, no clear pathogenic mechanism in glaucoma has emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Pucchio
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saffire Krance
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daiana R Pur
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arshpreet Bassi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafael Miranda
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment Collaborative, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina Felfeli
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment Collaborative, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Gowtham L, Halder N, Angmo D, Singh SB, Jayasundar R, Dada T, Velpandian T. Untargeted metabolomics in the aqueous humor reveals the involvement of TAAR pathway in glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109592. [PMID: 37474016 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic dysfunctions and underlying complex pathological mechanisms of neurodegeneration in glaucoma could help discover disease pathways, identify novel biomarkers, and rationalize newer therapeutics. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the local metabolomic alterations in the aqueous humor and plasma of primary glaucomatous patients. This study cohort comprised primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and cataract control groups. Aqueous humor and plasma samples were collected from patients undergoing trabeculectomy or cataract surgery and subjected to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis. Spectral information was processed, and the acquired data were subjected to uni-variate as well as multi-variate statistical analyses using MetaboAnalyst ver5.0. To further understand the localized metabolic abnormalities in glaucoma, metabolites affected in aqueous humor were distinguished from metabolites altered in plasma in this study. Nine and twelve metabolites were found to be significantly altered (p < 0.05, variable importance of projection >1 and log2 fold change ≥0.58/≤ -0.58) in the aqueous humor of PACG and POAG patients, respectively. The galactose and amino acid metabolic pathways were locally affected in the PACG and POAG groups, respectively. Based on the observation of the previous findings, gene expression profiles of trace amine-associated receptor-1 (TAAR-1) were studied in rat ocular tissues. The pharmacodynamics of TAAR-1 were explored in rabbits using topical administration of its agonist, β-phenyl-ethylamine (β-PEA). TAAR-1 was expressed in the rat's iris-ciliary body, optic nerve, lens, and cornea. β-PEA elicited a mydriatic response in rabbit eyes, without altering intraocular pressure. Targeted analysis of β-PEA levels in the aqueous humor of POAG patients showed an insignificant elevation. This study provides new insights regarding alterations in both localized and systemic metabolites in primary glaucomatous patients. This study also demonstrated the propensity of β-PEA to cause an adrenergic response through the TAAR-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayanan Gowtham
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nabanita Halder
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dewang Angmo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rama Jayasundar
- Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanuj Dada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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14
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Zeleznik OA, Kang JH, Lasky-Su J, Eliassen AH, Frueh L, Clish CB, Rosner BA, Elze T, Hysi P, Khawaja A, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR. Plasma metabolite profile for primary open-angle glaucoma in three US cohorts and the UK Biobank. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2860. [PMID: 37208353 PMCID: PMC10199010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common form, and yet the etiology of this multifactorial disease is poorly understood. We aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with the risk of developing POAG in a case-control study (599 cases and 599 matched controls) nested within the Nurses' Health Studies, and Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study. Plasma metabolites were measured with LC-MS/MS at the Broad Institute (Cambridge, MA, USA); 369 metabolites from 18 metabolite classes passed quality control analyses. For comparison, in a cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank, 168 metabolites were measured in plasma samples from 2,238 prevalent glaucoma cases and 44,723 controls using NMR spectroscopy (Nightingale, Finland; version 2020). Here we show higher levels of diglycerides and triglycerides are adversely associated with glaucoma in all four cohorts, suggesting that they play an important role in glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Frueh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Elze
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Research Eye Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anthony Khawaja
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Musa M, Zeppieri M, Atuanya GN, Enaholo ES, Topah EK, Ojo OM, Salati C. Nutritional Factors: Benefits in Glaucoma and Ophthalmologic Pathologies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051120. [PMID: 37240765 DOI: 10.3390/life13051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy that can lead to irreversible functional and morphological damage if left untreated. The gold standard therapeutic approaches in managing patients with glaucoma and limiting progression include local drops, laser, and/or surgery, which are all geared at reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). Nutrients, antioxidants, vitamins, organic compounds, and micronutrients have been gaining increasing interest in the past decade as integrative IOP-independent strategies to delay or halt glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell degeneration. In our minireview, we examine the various nutrients and compounds proposed in the current literature for the management of ophthalmology diseases, especially for glaucoma. With respect to each substance considered, this minireview reports the molecular and biological characteristics, neuroprotective activities, antioxidant properties, beneficial mechanisms, and clinical studies published in the past decade in the field of general medicine. This study highlights the potential benefits of these substances in glaucoma and other ophthalmologic pathologies. Nutritional supplementation can thus be useful as integrative IOP-independent strategies in the management of glaucoma and in other ophthalmologic pathologies. Large multicenter clinical trials based on functional and morphologic data collected over long follow-up periods in patients with IOP-independent treatments can pave the way for alternative and/or coadjutant therapeutic options in the management of glaucoma and other ocular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | | | | | - Efioshiomoshi Kings Topah
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Bayero University, Kano 700006, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasola Michael Ojo
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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16
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Pietrowska K, Dmuchowska DA, Godlewski A, Grochowski ET, Wojnar M, Gosk W, Konopinska J, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. Extent of interocular (a)symmetry based on the metabolomic profile of human aqueous humor. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1166182. [PMID: 37065449 PMCID: PMC10090416 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1166182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Interocular comparison of the metabolomic signature of aqueous humor (AH) was performed. The aim of the study was to quantitatively evaluate the symmetry in concentrations of various metabolites belonging to different categories.Methods: The study included AH samples from 23 patients, 74.17 ± 11.52 years old, undergoing simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery at the Ophthalmology Department of the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based targeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses of AH samples were performed using the AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit. Out of 188 metabolites available in the kit, 67 were measured in the majority (>70%) of the samples: 21/21 amino acids, 10/22 biogenic amines, 9/40 acylcarnitines, 0/14 lysophosphatidylcholines, 21/76 phosphatidylcholines, 5/15 sphingolipids, and 1/1sum of hexoses.Results: The comparison of both eyes revealed that the concentrations of metabolites did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) except for taurine (p = 0.037). There was moderate-to-strong positive interocular correlation (r > 0.5) between most metabolites regarding concentration. This was confirmed by the high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of different levels, which varied for the different metabolites. However, there were exceptions. Correlations were not significant for 2 acylcarnitines (tiglylcarnitine and decadienylcarnitine) and 3 glycerophospholipids (PC aa C32:3, PC aa C40:2, and PC aa C40:5).Conclusion: With a few exceptions, a single eye was found to be representative of the fellow eye in terms of the concentration of most of the analyzed metabolites. The degree of intraindividual variability in the AH of fellow eyes differs for particular metabolites/metabolite categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pietrowska
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Diana Anna Dmuchowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Diana Anna Dmuchowska, ; Michal Ciborowski,
| | - Adrian Godlewski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Malgorzata Wojnar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioleta Gosk
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Konopinska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Diana Anna Dmuchowska, ; Michal Ciborowski,
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17
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Ueno M, Yoshii K, Yamashita T, Sonomura K, Asada K, Ito E, Fujita T, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Hamuro J. The Interplay between Metabolites and MicroRNAs in Aqueous Humor to Coordinate Corneal Endothelium Integrity. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100299. [PMID: 37125267 PMCID: PMC10141542 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to clarify the interplay between metabolites and microRNAs (miRs) in the aqueous humor (AqH) of bullous keratopathy (BK) patients to retain human corneal endothelium (HCE) integrity. Design Prospective, comparative, observational study. Participants A total of 55 patients with BK and 31 patients with cataract (Cat) as control. Methods A biostatic analysis of miRs and metabolites in the AqH, hierarchical clustering, and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis were employed. The miR levels in AqH of BK (n = 18) and Cat (n = 8) patients were determined using 3D-Gene human miR chips. Hierarchical clusters of metabolites detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in AqH specimens from 2 disease groups, BK (total n = 55) and Cat (total n = 31), were analyzed twice to confirm the reproducibility. The analytical procedure applied for investigating the association between metabolites and miRs in AqH was the exploratory data analysis of biostatistics to avoid any kind of prejudice. This research procedure includes a heat-map, cluster analysis, feature extraction techniques by principal component analysis, and a regression analysis method by Lasso. The cellular and released miR levels were validated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and mitochondria membrane potential was assessed to determine the functional features of the released miRs. Main Outcome Measures Identification of interacting metabolites and miRs in AqH attenuating HCE degeneration. Results The metabolites that decreased in the AqH of BK patients revealed that 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIB), 2-aminobutyric acid (AB) and branched-chain amino acids, and serine were categorized into the same cluster by hierarchical clustering of metabolites. The positive association of HIB with miR-34a-5p was confirmed (P = 0.018), and the Lasso analysis identified the interplay between miR-34a-5p and HIB, between miR-24-3p and AB, and between miR-34c-5p and serine (P = 0.041, 0.027, and 0.009, respectively). 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid upregulated the cellular miR-34a expression, mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of miR-184 in dedifferentiated cultured HCE cells. Conclusions Metabolites and miRs in AqH may synchronize in ensuring the integrity of the HCE to maintain efficient dehydration from the stroma. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Yoshii
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics in Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamashita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sonomura
- Life Science Research Center, Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuko Asada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiko Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junji Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Correspondence: Junji Hamuro, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan.
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18
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New insight of metabolomics in ocular diseases in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2023; 14:53-71. [PMID: 36866159 PMCID: PMC9971428 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics refers to the high-through untargeted or targeted screening of metabolites in biofluids, cells, and tissues. Metabolome reflects the functional states of cells and organs of an individual, influenced by genes, RNA, proteins, and environment. Metabolomic analyses help to understand the interaction between metabolism and phenotype and reveal biomarkers for diseases. Advanced ocular diseases can lead to vision loss and blindness, reducing patients' quality of life and aggravating socio-economic burden. Contextually, the transition from reactive medicine to the predictive, preventive, and personalized (PPPM / 3P) medicine is needed. Clinicians and researchers dedicate a lot of efforts to explore effective ways for disease prevention, biomarkers for disease prediction, and personalized treatments, by taking advantages of metabolomics. In this way, metabolomics has great clinical utility in the primary and secondary care. In this review, we summarized much progress achieved by applying metabolomics to ocular diseases and pointed out potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways involved to promote 3P medicine approach in healthcare.
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Relationship between plasma amino acid and carnitine levels and primary angle-closure glaucoma based on mass spectrometry metabolomics. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109366. [PMID: 36592680 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
World blindness is primarily caused by glaucoma. It has been predicted that by 2040, 118 million individuals will have glaucoma. Among Asians and Africans, primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is the most prevalent type of glaucoma, for which treatment options are currently very limited. At present, lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary approach for PACG treatment. However, some PACG patients with decreased IOP measurements still advance. Additionally, because of the complicated pathophysiology, there are no biomarkers for diagnosis. Metabolomics is the study of the metabolites produced by all cellular processes in a biological sample, providing a method for identifying biomarkers and early diagnosis. Nevertheless, metabolomics has infrequently been applied to PACG. Previous research conducted by our lab on plasma metabolite fatty acids in PACG patients revealed reduced free fatty acid (FFA) levels, which may be connected to lipid peroxidation. To ascertain the relationship between other metabolites and PACG. We compared levels of amino acids and carnitine in patients with PACG (n = 147) and non-glaucoma (n = 340). Using metabolomics analysis, twenty-one amino acids and twenty-six carnitines (a total of ninety-six indicators) were examined. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for these metabolites in relation to PACG were calculated. The relationship between ocular measures and metabolites was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation. Predictive performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The C8/C2 level was comparable across patients with PACG and individuals without glaucoma based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The PACG group had lower levels of Arginine (Arg), Ornithine (Orn), Arg/Orn, Orn/Cit, and C26/C20 than the nonglaucoma group, whereas Cit/Arg and C4/C2 ratios were greater. Both univariate and multivariate models showed a negative correlation between Orn and Orn/Cit and PACG. In the univariate model, palmitoylcarnitine (C16) had a negative correlation with PACG. According to our findings, metabolic profiles of plasma amino acids and carnitine between PACG patients and controls are different. The combination of amino acids and carnitine increased the predictive value of PACG. The Orn and Arg were negatively correlated with the local ocular neurodegenerative pathology. We speculate lipid peroxidation may explain the reduction in C16, and the decrease in Orn may be associated with hyperammonia neurotoxicity.
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Pezzino S, Sofia M, Greco LP, Litrico G, Filippello G, Sarvà I, La Greca G, Latteri S. Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021166. [PMID: 36674680 PMCID: PMC9862076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate at which obesity is becoming an epidemic in many countries is alarming. Obese individuals have a high risk of developing elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Additionally, glaucoma is a disease of epidemic proportions. It is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with optic neuropathy and the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). On the other hand, there is growing interest in microbiome dysbiosis, particularly in the gut, which has been widely acknowledged to play a prominent role in the etiology of metabolic illnesses such as obesity. Recently, studies have begun to highlight the fact that microbiome dysbiosis could play a critical role in the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the development and progression of several ocular disorders. In obese individuals, gut microbiome dysbiosis can induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammation by causing intestinal barrier malfunction. As a result, bacteria and their metabolites could be delivered via the bloodstream or mesenteric lymphatic vessels to ocular regions at the level of the retina and optic nerve, causing tissue degeneration and neuroinflammation. Nowadays, there is preliminary evidence for the existence of brain and intraocular microbiomes. The altered microbiome of the gut could perturb the resident brain-ocular microbiome ecosystem which, in turn, could exacerbate the local inflammation. All these processes, finally, could lead to the death of RGC and neurodegeneration. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the recent evidence on the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis and related inflammation as common mechanisms underlying obesity and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pezzino
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Piero Greco
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgia Litrico
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Filippello
- Complex Operative Unit of Ophtalmology, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Iacopo Sarvà
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Greca
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0957263584
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Theodoridis K, Gika H, Kotali A. Acylcarnitines in Ophthalmology: Promising Emerging Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416183. [PMID: 36555822 PMCID: PMC9784861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several common ocular diseases are leading causes of irreversible visual impairment. Over the last decade, various mainly untargeted metabolic studies have been performed to show that metabolic dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. A number of metabolites in plasma/serum, aqueous or vitreous humor, or in tears have been found to differ between patients and controls; among them are L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, which are essential for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The metabolic profile of carnitines regarding a variety of diseases has attracted researchers' interest. In this review, we present and discuss recent advances that have been made in the identification of carnitines as potential metabolic biomarkers in common ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, central retinal vein occlusion, primary open-angle glaucoma, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and dry eye syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Helen Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Kotali
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Lillo A, Marin S, Serrano-Marín J, Bernal-Casas D, Binetti N, Navarro G, Cascante M, Sánchez-Navés J, Franco R. Biogenic Amine Levels Markedly Increase in the Aqueous Humor of Individuals with Controlled Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112752. [PMID: 36361545 PMCID: PMC9658658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the aqueous humor of patients with type 2 diabetes is relevant to understanding the underlying causes of eye-related comorbidities. Information on the composition of aqueous humor in healthy subjects is limited due to the lack of adequate controls. To carry out a metabolomics study, 31 samples of aqueous humor from healthy subjects without ocular pathology, submitted to refractive surgery and seven samples from patients with type 2 diabetes without signs of ocular pathology related to diabetes were used. The level of 25 molecules was significantly (p < 0.001) altered in the aqueous humor of the patient group. The concentration of a single molecule, N-acetylornithine, makes it possible to discriminate between control and diabetes (sensitivity and specificity equal to 1). In addition, receptor operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis for the above-mentioned six molecules yielded significantly (p < 0.001) altered in the aqueous humor of the patient group. In addition, receptor operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis for six compounds yielded cut-off values and remarkable sensitivity, specificity, and segregation ability. The altered level of N-acetylornithine may be due to an increased amount of acetate in diabetes. It is of interest to further investigate whether this alteration is related to the pathogenesis of the disease. The increase in the amino form of pyruvate, alanine, in diabetes is also relevant because it could be a means of reducing the formation of lactate from pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano-Marín
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bernal-Casas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Binetti
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Navés
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmedic and I.P.O, Institute of Ophthalmology, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Lu Y. Gut microbiota and derived metabolomic profiling in glaucoma with progressive neurodegeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:968992. [PMID: 36034713 PMCID: PMC9411928 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.968992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and host is involved in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, although little is known about its role in glaucoma. To investigated the alterations of the gut microbiota and derived metabolites in glaucomatous rats, and the interaction with RGCs, we performed 16S rRNA (V1-V9) sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analyses. The microbial composition differed significantly between the two groups, and the diversity of cecal bacteria was dramatically reduced in glaucomatous rats. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, Verrucomicrobia phylum, and some bacterial genera (Romboutsia, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides) were dramatically increased in the glaucomatous rat model compared with the control, which showed negative correlation with RGCs. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified 284 differentially expressed metabolites, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed considerable enrichment mainly in bile secretion pathways. The relationships among the metabolites enriched in the bile secretion pathway, differentially expressed cecal microbiota, and RGCs were investigated, and glutathione (GSH) was found to be negatively correlated with Bacteroides and F/B and positively correlated with RGCs. Reduced GSH level in the blood of glaucoma rats is further established, and was negatively correlated with Romboutsia and the F/B ratio and positively correlated with RGCs. This finding suggests the potential role of the gut microbiota and derived metabolites in glaucoma, and GSH, a major antioxidant metabolite, was related to their effects, indicating the potential for the development of gut microbiota-targeted interventions for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xujiao Zhou, ; Yi Lu,
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xujiao Zhou, ; Yi Lu,
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24
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Kang JH, Zeleznik O, Frueh L, Lasky-Su J, Eliassen AH, Clish C, Rosner BA, Pasquale LR, Wiggs JL. Prediagnostic Plasma Metabolomics and the Risk of Exfoliation Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:15. [PMID: 35951322 PMCID: PMC9386645 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The etiology of exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) is poorly understood. We aimed to identify a prediagnostic plasma metabolomic signature associated with XFG. Methods We conducted a 1:1 matched case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We collected blood samples in 1989-1990 (Nurses' Health Study) and 1993-1995 (Health Professionals Follow-up Study). We identified 205 incident XFG cases through 2016 (average time to diagnosis from blood draw = 11.8 years) who self-reported glaucoma and were confirmed as XFG cases with medical records. We profiled plasma metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We evaluated 379 known metabolites (transformed for normality using probit scores) using multiple conditional logistic models. Metabolite set enrichment analysis was used to identify metabolite classes associated with XFG. To adjust for multiple comparisons, we used number of effective tests (NEF) and the false discovery rate (FDR). Results Mean age of cases (n = 205) at diagnosis was 71 years; 85% were women and more than 99% were Caucasian; controls (n = 205) reported eye examinations as of the matched cases' index date. Thirty-three metabolites were nominally significantly associated with XFG (P < 0.05), and 4 metabolite classes were FDR-significantly associated. We observed positive associations for lysophosphatidylcholines (FDR = 0.02) and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens (FDR = 0.004) and inverse associations for triacylglycerols (FDR < 0.0001) and steroids (FDR = 0.03). In particular, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio with each 1 standard deviation higher plasma cortisone levels was 0.49 (95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.74; NEF = 0.05). Conclusions In plasma from a decade before diagnosis, lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens were positively associated and triacylglycerols and steroids (e.g., cortisone) were inversely associated with XFG risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Oana Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lisa Frueh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Lillo A, Marin S, Serrano-Marín J, Binetti N, Navarro G, Cascante M, Sánchez-Navés J, Franco R. Targeted Metabolomics Shows That the Level of Glutamine, Kynurenine, Acyl-Carnitines and Lysophosphatidylcholines Is Significantly Increased in the Aqueous Humor of Glaucoma Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:935084. [PMID: 35935793 PMCID: PMC9354463 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.935084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma is relevant to understand the underlying causes of the pathology. Information on the concentration of metabolites and small molecules in the aqueous humor of healthy subjects is limited. Among the causes of the limitations is the lack of healthy controls since, until recently, they were not surgically intervened; therefore, the aqueous humor of patients operated for cataract was used as a reference. Sixteen aqueous humor samples from healthy subjects undergoing refractive surgery and eight samples from glaucoma patients were used to assess the concentration of 188 compounds using chromatography and mass spectrometry. The concentration of 80 of the 188 was found to be reliable, allowing comparison of data from the two groups (glaucoma and control). The pattern found in the controls is similar to, but not the same as, that reported using samples from “controls” undergoing cataract surgery. Comparing data from glaucoma patients and healthy subjects, 57 of the 80 compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) altered in the aqueous humor. Kynurenine and glutamine, but not glutamate, were significantly increased in the glaucoma samples. Furthermore, 10 compounds were selected considering a statistical score of p < 0.0001 and the degree of change of more than double or less than half. The level of C10 (decanoyl)-carnitine decreased, while the concentration of spermidine and various acyl-carnitines and lysophosphatidylcholines increased in glaucoma. Principal component analysis showed complete segregation of controls and cases using the data for the 10 selected compounds. The receiver operating characteristic curve these 10 compounds and for glutamine allowed finding cut-off values and significant sensitivity and specificity scores. The concentration of small metabolites in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients is altered even when they take medication and are well controlled. The imbalance affects membrane components, especially those of the mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial abnormalities are a cause or consequence of glaucoma. The increase in glutamine in glaucoma is also relevant because it could be a means of keeping the concentration of glutamate under control, thus avoiding its potential to induce the death of neurons and retinal cells. Equally notable was the increase in kynurenine, which is essential in the metabolism of nicotine adenine dinucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano-Marín
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Binetti
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Navés
- Department of Ophtalmology, Oftalmedic and I.P.O. Institute of Ophthalmology, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rafael Franco ;
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Tang Y, Shah S, Cho KS, Sun X, Chen DF. Metabolomics in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835736. [PMID: 35645711 PMCID: PMC9135181 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is suggested that primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common form of glaucoma, may be associated with significant metabolic alternations, but the systemic literature review and meta-analysis in the area have been missing. Altered metabolomic profiles in the aqueous humor and plasma may serve as possible biomarkers for early detection or treatment targets. In this article, we performed a systematic meta-analysis of the current literature surrounding the metabolomics of patients with POAG and metabolites associated with the disease. Results suggest several metabolites found to be specifically altered in patients with POAG, suggesting broad generalizability and pathways for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Tang
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simran Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dong Feng Chen,
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Wu J, Xu M, Liu W, Huang Y, Wang R, Chen W, Feng L, Liu N, Sun X, Zhou M, Qian K. Glaucoma Characterization by Machine Learning of Tear Metabolic Fingerprinting. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200264. [PMID: 35388987 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy disease affecting over 76 million people. Both timely diagnosis and progression monitoring are critical but challenging. Conventional characterization of glaucoma needs a combination of methods, calling for tedious procedures and experienced doctors. Herein, a platform through machine learning of tear metabolic fingerprinting (TMF) using nanoparticle enhanced laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry is built. Direct TMF is obtained noninvasively, with fast speed and high reproducibility, using trace tear samples (down to 10 nL). Consequently, glaucoma patients are screened against healthy controls with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.866, through machine learning of TMF. Further, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is differentiated from primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and an early-stage POAG is identified. Finally, a biomarker panel of six metabolites for glaucoma characterization (including screening, subtyping, and early diagnosis) with AUC of 0.827-0.891 is constructed, showing related metabolic pathways. The work will provide insights into eye diseases not limited to glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Mengqiao Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Wanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yida Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Minwen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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Xiong X, Chen X, Ma H, Zheng Z, Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Pu J, Chen Q, Zheng M. Metabolite Changes in the Aqueous Humor of Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusion Macular Edema: A Metabolomics Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:762500. [PMID: 34993196 PMCID: PMC8724431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.762500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macular edema (ME) is the main cause of visual impairment in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The degree of ME affects the prognosis of RVO patients, while it lacks objective laboratory biomarkers. We aimed to compare aqueous humor samples from 28 patients with retinal vein occlusion macular edema (RVO-ME) to 27 age- and sex-matched controls by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, so as to identify the key biomarkers and to increase the understanding of the mechanism of RVO-ME at the molecular level. Through univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, we identified 60 metabolites between RVO-ME patients and controls and 40 differential metabolites in mild RVO-ME [300 μm ≤ central retinal thickness (CRT) < 400 μm] patients compared with severe RVO-ME (CRT ≥ 400 μm). Pathway enrichment analysis showed that valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; ascorbate and aldarate metabolism; and pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis were significantly altered in RVO-ME in comparison with controls. Compared with mild RVO-ME, degradation and biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine; histidine metabolism; beta-alanine metabolism; and pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis were significantly changed in severe RVO-ME. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that adenosine, threonic acid, pyruvic acid, and pyro-L-glutaminyl-l-glutamine could differentiate RVO-ME from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of >0.813. Urocanic acid, diethanolamine, 8-butanoylneosolaniol, niacinamide, paraldehyde, phytosphingosine, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, dihydrolipoate, and 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide had an AUC of >0.848 for distinguishing mild RVO-ME from severe RVO-ME. Our study expanded the understanding of metabolomic changes in RVO-ME, which could help us to have a good understanding of the pathogenesis of RVO-ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huafeng Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yazhu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zixi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Pu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Department of general practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minming Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Bringer MA, Gabrielle PH, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher C, Acar N. The gut microbiota in retinal diseases. Exp Eye Res 2021; 214:108867. [PMID: 34856206 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract and consists of archaea, fungi, viruses, and bacteria, with bacteria being dominant. From birth onwards, it coevolves dynamically together with the host. The composition of the gut microbiota is under the influence of a complex interplay between both host and environmental factors. Scientific advances in the past few decades have shown that it is essential in maintaining homeostasis and tipping the balance between health and disease. In addition to its role in food digestion, the gut microbiota is implicated in regulating multiple physiological processes in the host gut mucosa and in distant organs such as the brain. Persistent imbalance between gut microbial communities, termed "dysbiosis," has been associated with several inflammatory and metabolic diseases as well as with central nervous system disorders. In this review, we present the state of the art of current knowledge on an emerging concept, the microbiota-retina axis, and the potential role of its disturbance in the development of retinopathies. We also describe several microbiota-targeting strategies that could constitute preventive and therapeutic tools for retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Pierre-Henry Gabrielle
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France; Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Alain M Bron
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France; Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Creuzot-Garcher
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France; Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
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Li X, Cai S, He Z, Reilly J, Zeng Z, Strang N, Shu X. Metabolomics in Retinal Diseases: An Update. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:944. [PMID: 34681043 PMCID: PMC8533136 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinal diseases are a leading cause of visual loss and blindness, affecting a significant proportion of the population worldwide and having a detrimental impact on quality of life, with consequent economic burden. The retina is highly metabolically active, and a number of retinal diseases are associated with metabolic dysfunction. To better understand the pathogenesis underlying such retinopathies, new technology has been developed to elucidate the mechanism behind retinal diseases. Metabolomics is a relatively new "omics" technology, which has developed subsequent to genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. This new technology can provide qualitative and quantitative information about low-molecular-weight metabolites (M.W. < 1500 Da) in a given biological system, which shed light on the physiological or pathological state of a cell or tissue sample at a particular time point. In this article we provide an extensive review of the application of metabolomics to retinal diseases, with focus on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), glaucoma, and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China; (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Shichang Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China;
| | - Zhiming He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China; (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK;
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China;
| | - Niall Strang
- Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK;
| | - Xinhua Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China; (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK;
- Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK;
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Cueto AFV, Álvarez L, García M, Álvarez-Barrios A, Artime E, Cueto LFV, Coca-Prados M, González-Iglesias H. Candidate Glaucoma Biomarkers: From Proteins to Metabolites, and the Pitfalls to Clinical Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:763. [PMID: 34439995 PMCID: PMC8389649 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an insidious group of eye diseases causing degeneration of the optic nerve, progressive loss of vision, and irreversible blindness. The number of people affected by glaucoma is estimated at 80 million in 2021, with 3.5% prevalence in people aged 40-80. The main biomarker and risk factor for the onset and progression of glaucoma is the elevation of intraocular pressure. However, when glaucoma is diagnosed, the level of retinal ganglion cell death usually amounts to 30-40%; hence, the urgent need for its early diagnosis. Molecular biomarkers of glaucoma, from proteins to metabolites, may be helpful as indicators of pathogenic processes observed during the disease's onset. The discovery of human glaucoma biomarkers is hampered by major limitations, including whether medications are influencing the expression of molecules in bodily fluids, or whether tests to validate glaucoma biomarker candidates should include human subjects with different types and stages of the disease, as well as patients with other ocular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the proper selection of the biofluid or tissue, as well as the analytical platform, should be mandatory. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge concerning proteomics- and metabolomics-based glaucoma biomarkers, with specificity to human eye tissue and fluid, as well the analytical approach and the main results obtained. The complex data published to date, which include at least 458 different molecules altered in human glaucoma, merit a new, integrative approach allowing for future diagnostic tests based on the absolute quantification of local and/or systemic biomarkers of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Ana Álvarez-Barrios
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Luis Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Miguel Coca-Prados
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
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Azbukina NV, Chistyakov DV, Goriainov SV, Kotelin VI, Fedoseeva EV, Petrov SY, Sergeeva MG, Iomdina EN, Zernii EY. Targeted Lipidomic Analysis of Aqueous Humor Reveals Signaling Lipid-Mediated Pathways in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070658. [PMID: 34356513 PMCID: PMC8301454 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Analysis of the eye liquids collected from a cohort of primary open-angle glaucoma patients identified signaling lipids, the pattern of which suggests a role of arachidonic acid/platelet activating-factor (PAF)-dependent pathways and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease and provides novel targets for its diagnostics and treatment. Abstract Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to hindered aqueous humor (AH) drainage through the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral pathway. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxylipins are signaling lipids regulating neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and AH outflow. Among them, prostaglandins have been previously implicated in glaucoma and employed for its treatment. This study addressed the role of signaling lipids in glaucoma by determining their changes in AH accompanying IOP growth and progression of the disease. Eye liquids were collected from patients with POAG of different stages and cataract patients without glaucoma. Lipids were identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. The compounds discriminating glaucoma groups were recognized using ANCOVA and PLS-DA statistic approaches and their biosynthetic pathways were predicted by bioinformatics. Among 22 signaling lipids identified in AH, stage/IOP-dependent alterations in glaucoma were provided by a small set of mediators, including 12,13-DiHOME, 9- and 13-HODE/KODE, arachidonic acid and lyso-PAF. These observations correlated with the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and phospholipases A2 in the ocular tissues. Interestingly, tear fluid exhibited similar lipidomic alterations in POAG. Overall, POAG may involve arachidonic acid/PAF-dependent pathways and oxidative stress as evidenced from an increase in its markers, KODEs and 12,13-DiHOME. The latter is a product of CYPs, one of which, CYP1B1, is known as POAG and primary congenital glaucoma-associated gene. These data provide novel targets for glaucoma treatment. Oxylipin content of tear fluid may have diagnostic value in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Azbukina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.V.C.); (E.Y.Z.); Tel.: +7-9030011751 (E.Y.Z.)
| | | | - Vladislav I. Kotelin
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Elena V. Fedoseeva
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Sergey Yu. Petrov
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Marina G. Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena N. Iomdina
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Evgeni Yu. Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.V.C.); (E.Y.Z.); Tel.: +7-9030011751 (E.Y.Z.)
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Elevated dimethylarginine, ATP, cytokines, metabolic remodeling involving tryptophan metabolism and potential microglial inflammation characterize primary open angle glaucoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9766. [PMID: 33963197 PMCID: PMC8105335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma of which primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) constitutes 75%, is the second leading cause of blindness. Elevated intra ocular pressure and Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) dysfunction are hallmarks of POAG. We analyzed clinical data, cytokine profile, ATP level, metabolomics and GEO datasets to identify features unique to POAG. N9 microglial cells are used to gain mechanistic insights. Our POAG cohort showed elevated ATP in aqueous humor and cytokines in plasma. Metabolomic analysis showed changes in 21 metabolites including Dimethylarginine (DMAG) and activation of tryptophan metabolism in POAG. Analysis of GEO data sets and previously published proteomic data sets bins genes into signaling and metabolic pathways. Pathways from reanalyzed metabolomic data from literature significantly overlapped with those from our POAG data. DMAG modulated purinergic signaling, ATP secretion and cytokine expression were inhibited by N-Ethylmaleimide, NO donors, BAPTA and purinergic receptor inhibitors. ATP induced elevated intracellular calcium level and cytokines expression were inhibited by BAPTA. Metabolomics of cell culture supernatant from ATP treated sets showed metabolic deregulation and activation of tryptophan metabolism. DMAG and ATP induced IDO1/2 and TDO2 were inhibited by N-Ethylmaleimide, sodium nitroprusside and BAPTA. Our data obtained from clinical samples and cell culture studies reveal a strong association of elevated DMAG, ATP, cytokines and activation of tryptophan metabolism with POAG. DMAG mediated ATP signaling, inflammation and metabolic remodeling in microglia might have implications in management of POAG.
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Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma remains a poorly understood disease, and identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis is critical to reducing the risk of glaucoma-related visual impairment and blindness. The aim of this review is to provide current metabolic profiles for glaucoma through a summary and analysis of reported metabolites associated with glaucoma. Methods We searched PubMed and Web of Science for metabolomics studies of humans on glaucoma published before November 11, 2020. Studies were included if they assessed the biomarkers of any types of glaucoma and performed mass spectrometry-based or nuclear magnetic resonance–based metabolomics approach. Pathway enrichment analysis and topology analysis were performed to generate a global view of metabolic signatures related to glaucoma using the MetaboAnalyst 3.0. Results In total, 18 articles were included in this review, among which 13 studies were focused on open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Seventeen metabolites related to OAG were repeatedly identified, including seven amino acids (arginine, glycine, alanine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine), two phosphatidylcholine (PC aa C34:2, PC aa C36:4), three complements (acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine), carnitine, glutamine, hypoxanthine, spermine, and spermidine. The pathway analysis implied a major role of amino metabolism in OAG pathophysiology and revealed the metabolic characteristics between different biological samples. Conclusions In this review, we summarize existing metabolomic studies related to glaucoma biomarker identification and point out a series of metabolic disorders in OAG patients, providing information on the molecular mechanism changes in glaucoma. Additional studies are needed to validate existing findings, and future research will need to explore the potential overlap between different biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Hou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Tang Y, Pan Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Chen J, Zhang H, Tang G, Wu J, Sun X. Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous Humor and Plasma in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients Points Towards Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621146. [PMID: 33935712 PMCID: PMC8080440 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and irreversible visual deficiency. As the most common type of glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is currently an unmet medical need with limited therapy by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). However, some patients continue to progress even though their IOP are controlled. Although early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in preventing irreversible visual impairment, there are currently no biomarkers for screening POAG. Metabolomics has the advantages of illustrating the final downstream products of the genome and establishing the closest link to the phenotype. So far, there is no study investigating the metabolomic profiles in both aqueous humor and plasma of POAG patients. Therefore, to explore diagnostic biomarkers, unveil underlying pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies, a widely targeted metabolomic approach was applied using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry with C18 liquid chromatography to characterize the metabolomic profiles in both aqueous humor and plasma of 28 POAG patients and 25 controls in our study. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to determine differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between POAG and age-matched controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the prediction accuracy of the DEMs. The correlation of DEMs with the clinical parameters was determined by Pearson correlation, and the metabolic pathways were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst 4.0. PLS-DA significantly separated POAG from controls with 22 DEMs in the aqueous humor and 11 DEMs in the plasma. Additionally, univariate ROC analysis and correlation analysis with clinical parameters revealed cyclic AMP (AUC = 0.87), 2-methylbenzoic acid (AUC = 0.75), 3'-sialyllactose (AUC = 0.73) in the aqueous humor and N-lac-phe (AUC = 0.76) in the plasma as potential biomarkers for POAG. Moreover, the metabolic profiles pointed towards the alteration in the purine metabolism pathway. In conclusion, the study identified potential and novel biomarkers for POAG by crosslinking the metabolomic profiles in aqueous humor and plasma and correlating with the clinical parameters. These findings have important clinical implications given that no biomarkers are currently available for glaucoma in the clinic, and the study provided new insights in exploring diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies of POAG by targeting metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqiong Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Guangxian Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Rousseau G, Chao de la Barca JM, Rougé-Maillart C, Teresiński G, Chabrun F, Dieu X, Drevin G, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Simard G, Reynier P, Palmiere C. Preliminary Metabolomic Profiling of the Vitreous Humor from Hypothermia Fatalities. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2390-2396. [PMID: 33818108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia fatalities is often complex due to the absence of pathognomonic lesions and biomarkers. In this study, potential novel biomarkers of hypothermia fatalities were searched in the vitreous humor of known cases of hypothermia fatalities (n = 20) compared to control cases (n = 16), using a targeted metabolomics approach allowing quantitative detection of 188 metabolites. A robust discriminant model with good predictivity was obtained with the supervised OPLS-DA multivariate analysis, showing a distinct separation between the hypothermia and control groups. This signature was characterized by the decreased concentrations of five metabolites (methionine sulfoxide, tryptophan, phenylalanine, alanine, and ornithine) and the increased concentration of 28 metabolites (21 phosphatidylcholines, 3 sphingomyelins, spermine, citrulline, acetylcarnitine, and hydroxybutyrylcarnitine) in hypothermia fatalities compared to controls. The signature shows similarities with already identified features in serum such as the altered concentrations of tryptophan, acylcarnitines, and unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, revealing a highly significant increased activity of methionine sulfoxide reductase, attested by a low methionine sulfoxide-to-methionine ratio. Our results show a preliminary metabolomics signature of hypothermia fatalities in the vitreous humor, highlighting an increased methionine sulfoxide reductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rousseau
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U-1083, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U-1083, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Clotilde Rougé-Maillart
- GEROM-LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Floris Chabrun
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U-1083, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Xavier Dieu
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U-1083, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Drevin
- Service de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U-1083, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U-1083, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Cristian Palmiere
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Hôpital Universitaire de Lausanne, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland
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Tabak S, Schreiber-Avissar S, Beit-Yannai E. Crosstalk between MicroRNA and Oxidative Stress in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2421. [PMID: 33670885 PMCID: PMC7957693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a chronic neurodegenerative disease that damages the trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, inducing apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC), deteriorating the optic nerve head, and leading to blindness. Aqueous humor (AH) outflow resistance and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation contribute to disease progression. Nevertheless, despite the existence of pharmacological and surgical treatments, there is room for the development of additional treatment approaches. The following review is aimed at investigating the role of different microRNAs (miRNAs) in the expression of genes and proteins involved in the regulation of inflammatory and degenerative processes, focusing on the delicate balance of synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) regulated by chronic oxidative stress in POAG related tissues. The neutralizing activity of a couple of miRNAs was described, suggesting effective downregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), Wnt/β-Catenin, and PI3K/AKT. In addition, with regards to the elevated IOP in many POAG patients due to increased outflow resistance, Collagen type I degradation was stimulated by some miRNAs and prevented ECM deposition in TM cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of oxidative stress was suppressed following exposure to different miRNAs. In contrast, increased oxidative damage by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway was described as part of the action of selected miRNAs. Summarizing, specific miRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets for lowering or preventing oxidative stress injury in POAG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elie Beit-Yannai
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (S.T.); (S.S.-A.)
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Bocca C, Le Paih V, Chao de la Barca JM, Kouassy Nzoughet J, Amati-Bonneau P, Blanchet O, Védie B, Géromin D, Simard G, Procaccio V, Bonneau D, Lenaers G, Orssaud C, Reynier P. A plasma metabolomic signature of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy showing taurine and nicotinamide deficiencies. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:21-29. [PMID: 33437983 PMCID: PMC8033144 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most common disorder due to mitochondrial DNA mutations and complex I deficiency. It is characterized by an acute vision loss, generally in young adults, with a higher penetrance in males. How complex I dysfunction induces the peculiar LHON clinical presentation remains an unanswered question. To gain an insight into this question, we carried out a non-targeted metabolomic investigation using the plasma of 18 LHON patients, during the chronic phase of the disease, comparing them to 18 healthy controls. A total of 500 metabolites were screened of which 156 were accurately detected. A supervised Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) highlighted a robust model for disease prediction with a Q2 (cum) of 55.5%, with a reliable performance during the permutation test (cross-validation analysis of variance, P-value = 5.02284e-05) and a good prediction of a test set (P = 0.05). This model highlighted 10 metabolites with variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 0.8. Univariate analyses revealed nine discriminating metabolites, six of which were the same as those found in the Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis model. In total, the 13 discriminating metabolites identified underlining dietary metabolites (nicotinamide, taurine, choline, 1-methylhistidine and hippurate), mitochondrial energetic substrates (acetoacetate, glutamate and fumarate) and purine metabolism (inosine). The decreased concentration of taurine and nicotinamide (vitamin B3) suggest interesting therapeutic targets, given their neuroprotective roles that have already been demonstrated for retinal ganglion cells. Our results show a reliable predictive metabolomic signature in the plasma of LHON patients and highlighted taurine and nicotinamide deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bocca
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Victor Le Paih
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
| | | | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Odile Blanchet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00038, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Benoit Védie
- Plateformes Centre de Ressources Biologiques et Tumorothèque, BB-0033-00063, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Biochimie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Géromin
- Plateformes Centre de Ressources Biologiques et Tumorothèque, BB-0033-00063, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Christophe Orssaud
- Unité Fonctionnelle d'Ophtalmologie, CRMR Ophtara, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), GH Paris Centre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France.,Service d'Ophtalmologie, Ophtara Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, GH Paris Centre, AP-HP, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
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39
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Natural Products: Evidence for Neuroprotection to Be Exploited in Glaucoma. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103158. [PMID: 33081127 PMCID: PMC7602834 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is an optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is recognized as the main risk factor. Despite effective IOP-lowering therapies, the disease progresses in a significant number of patients. Therefore, alternative IOP-independent strategies aiming at halting or delaying RGC degeneration is the current therapeutic challenge for glaucoma management. Here, we review the literature on the neuroprotective activities, and the underlying mechanisms, of natural compounds and dietary supplements in experimental and clinical glaucoma.
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40
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Barbosa Breda J, Croitor Sava A, Himmelreich U, Somers A, Matthys C, Rocha Sousa A, Vandewalle E, Stalmans I. Metabolomic profiling of aqueous humor from glaucoma patients - The metabolomics in surgical ophthalmological patients (MISO) study. Exp Eye Res 2020; 201:108268. [PMID: 33011236 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is still a poorly understood disease with a clear need for new biomarkers to help in diagnosis and potentially offer new therapeutic targets. We aimed to determine if the metabolic profile of aqueous humor (AH) as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows the distinction between primary open-angle glaucoma patients and control subjects, and to distinguish between high-tension (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). We analysed the AH of patients with POAG, NTG and control subjects (n = 30/group). 1H NMR spectra were acquired using a 400 MHz spectrometer. Principle component analysis (PCA), machine learning algorithms and descriptive statistics were applied to analyse the metabolic variance between groups, identify the spectral regions, and hereby potential metabolites that can act as biomarkers for glaucoma. According to PCA, fourteen regions of the NMR spectra were significant in explaining the metabolic variance between the glaucoma and control groups, with no differences found between POAG and NTG groups. These regions were further used in building a classifier for separating glaucoma from control patients, which achieved an AUC of 0.93. Peak integration was performed on these regions and a statistical analysis, after false discovery rate correction and adjustment for the different perioperative topical drug regimen, revealed that five of them were significantly different between groups. The glaucoma group showed a higher content in regions typical for betaine and taurine, possibly linked to neuroprotective mechanisms, and also a higher content in regions that are typical for glutamate, which can indicate damaged neurons and oxidative stress. These results show how aqueous humor metabolomics based on NMR spectroscopy can distinguish glaucoma patients from controls with a high accuracy. Further studies are needed to validate these results in order to incorporate them in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Barbosa Breda
- Research Group Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal.
| | - Anca Croitor Sava
- Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Alix Somers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Aging, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Clinical Nutrition, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Amândio Rocha Sousa
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Evelien Vandewalle
- Research Group Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Stalmans
- Research Group Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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41
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Vernazza S, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Traverso CE, Saccà SC. Neuroinflammation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3172. [PMID: 33007927 PMCID: PMC7601106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests oxidative damage and immune response defects are key factors contributing to glaucoma onset. Indeed, both the failure of the trabecular meshwork tissue in the conventional outflow pathway and the neuroinflammation process, which drives the neurodegeneration, seem to be linked to the age-related over-production of free radicals (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction) and to oxidative stress-linked immunostimulatory signaling. Several previous studies have described a wide range of oxidative stress-related makers which are found in glaucomatous patients, including low levels of antioxidant defences, dysfunction/activation of glial cells, the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and so on. However, the intraocular pressure is still currently the only risk factor modifiable by medication or glaucoma surgery. This present review aims to summarize the multiple cellular processes, which promote different risk factors in glaucoma including aging, oxidative stress, trabecular meshwork defects, glial activation response, neurodegenerative insults, and the altered regulation of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica, DiNOGMI, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS-Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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42
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Wei P, He M, Teng H, Han G. Metabolomic analysis of the aqueous humor from patients with central retinal vein occlusion using UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113448. [PMID: 32622112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is one of the retinal fundus diseases and may result in irreversible visual impairment. Metabolic dysfunction has been proved to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CRVO. We performed untargeted metabolomic analysis of the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with CRVO and controls using UHPLC-MS/MS. A total of 248 metabolites were identified in the tested AH samples, 37 of which allowed for the construction of an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model with good predictive capability (Q2cum = 0.834) and low risk of overfitting. The components contributing the most to the metabolomic signature of CRVO were those related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrates, and fatty acid metabolites (variable importance on projection>1.0 and p < 0.05). The CRVO group appeared to have a lower AH concentration of carbohydrates and amino acids, but a relative higher concentration of carnitine-associated energetic substrates (butyryl carnitine, deoxycarnitine, N6-trimethyl-l-lysine) and osmolytes compared with those of the control group. These results indicate that patients with CRVO may have ocular aberrations in metabolic pathways involving certain amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates. These metabolite changes might correlate with energy dysfunction and inflammation response in the AH of CRVO patients. This finding may provide insight into the pathophysiology of CRVO for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghui Wei
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Meiqin He
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - He Teng
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guoge Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.
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43
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Han G, Wei P, He M, Teng H, Chu Y. Metabolomic Profiling of the Aqueous Humor in Patients with Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using UHPLC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2358-2366. [PMID: 32293180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessing metabolomic alterations in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can provide insights into its pathogenesis. We compared the metabolomic profiles of the aqueous humor between wet AMD patients (n = 26) and age- and sex-matched patients undergoing cataract surgery without AMD as controls (n = 20). A global untargeted metabolomics study was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate analysis after the false discovery correction showed 18 significantly altered metabolites among the 291 metabolites measured. These differential metabolomic profiles pointed to three interconnected metabolic pathways: a compromised carnitine-associated mitochondrial oxidation pathway (carnitine, deoxycarnitine, N6-trimethyl-l-lysine), an altered carbohydrate metabolism pathway (cis-aconitic acid, itaconatic acid, and mesaconic acid), which plays a role in senescence and immunity, and an activated osmoprotection pathway (glycine betaine, creatine), which potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. These results suggested that metabolic dysfunction in AMD is mitochondrial-centered and may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of wet AMD and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoge Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Pinghui Wei
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Meiqin He
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - He Teng
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Chu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
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44
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Myer C, Perez J, Abdelrahman L, Mendez R, Khattri RB, Junk AK, Bhattacharya SK. Differentiation of soluble aqueous humor metabolites in primary open angle glaucoma and controls. Exp Eye Res 2020; 194:108024. [PMID: 32246983 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report an analysis of the aqueous humor (AH) metabolome of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in comparison to normal controls. The AH samples were obtained from human donors [control (n = 35), POAG (n = 23)]. The AH samples were subjected to one-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses on a Bruker Avance 600 MHz instrument with a 1.7 mM NMR probe. The same samples were then subjected to isotopic ratio outlier analysis (IROA) using a Q Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer after chromatography on an Accela 600 HPLC. Clusterfinder Build 3.1.10 was used for identification and quantification based on long-term metabolite matrix standards. In total, 278 metabolites were identified in control samples and 273 in POAG AH. The metabolites identified were fed into previously reported proteome and genome information and the OmicsNet interaction network generator to construct a protein-metabolite interactions network with an embedded protein-protein network. Significant differences in metabolite composition in POAG compared to controls were identified indicating potential protein/gene pathways associated with these metabolites. These results will expand our previous understanding of the impeded AH metabolite composition, provide new insight into the regulation of AH outflow, and likely aid in future AH and trabecular meshwork multi-omics network analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Myer
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jordan Perez
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leila Abdelrahman
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roberto Mendez
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ram B Khattri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna K Junk
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Gong H, Zhang S, Li Q, Zuo C, Gao X, Zheng B, Lin M. Gut microbiota compositional profile and serum metabolic phenotype in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2020; 191:107921. [PMID: 31917963 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) and its influence on host metabolism are considered to be an environmental factor that contributes to the progression of many immune and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the features of the GM and serum metabolites in Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients have not been clearly elucidated. The purpose of this research is to explore the gut microbial composition and serum metabolic phenotype in POAG patients. 16S rRNA V4 genes of bacteria from the fecal samples of 30 POAG patients and 30 healthy subjects were sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform and then analyzed by QIIME. Their serum samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics. The association between gut microbial species and host circulating metabolites and clinical phenotypes was also analyzed. Compared with controls, f Prevotellaceae, g unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, and s Escherichia coli increased the most in POAG patients, whereas g Megamonas and s Bacteroides plebeius significantly decreased in POAG patients. The alteration of the endogenous metabolomic profile in POAG patients included five amino acids or dipeptides, two hormone derivates, one purine derivative, one bile acid derivative and one organic acid. It also showed that citric acid was positively correlated with Megamonas, whereas L-γ-Glutamyl-L-alanine, MHPG, cholic acid glucuronide and hypoxanthine were negatively correlated with Megamonas. Mean visual acuity was negatively correlated with Blautia, mean VF-MD was negatively correlated with Faecalibacterium, and average RNFL thickness was positively correlated with Streptococcus. Our results revealed that there was a distinct difference in GM composition and serum metabolic phenotype between POAG patients and healthy individuals. This finding suggests the potential correlations between the GM and serum metabolites in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and thus provides new insight into the GM-targeted interventions of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiguan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengguo Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingru Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingkai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Rossi C, Cicalini I, Cufaro MC, Agnifili L, Mastropasqua L, Lanuti P, Marchisio M, De Laurenzi V, Del Boccio P, Pieragostino D. Multi-Omics Approach for Studying Tears in Treatment-Naïve Glaucoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164029. [PMID: 31426571 PMCID: PMC6721157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) represents the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is a multifactorial, chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell and visual field loss. There are many factors that are associated with the risk of developing POAG, with increased intraocular pressure being one of the most prevalent. Due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease, the diagnosis of POAG often occurs too late, which necessitates development of new effective screening strategies for early diagnosis of the disease. However, this task still remains unfulfilled. In order to provide further insights into the pathophysiology of POAG, we applied a targeted metabolomics strategy based on a high-throughput screening method for the determination of tear amino acids, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, succinylacetone, nucleosides, and lysophospholipids in naïve to therapy glaucomatous patients and normal controls. Also, we conducted proteomic analyses of the whole lacrimal fluid and purified extracellular vesicles obtained from POAG patients and healthy subjects. This multi-omics approach allowed us to conclude that POAG patients had lower levels of certain tear amino acids and lysophospholipids compared with controls. These targeted analyses also highlighted the low amount of acetylcarnitine (C2) in POAG patient which correlated well with proteomics data. Moreover, POAG tear proteins seemed to derive from extracellular vesicles, which carried a specific pro-inflammatory protein cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rossi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Agnifili
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Opthalmic Clinic, Ss Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mastropasqua
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Opthalmic Clinic, Ss Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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