1
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Zimmermann P, Schletz D, Hoffmann M, Probst PT, Fery A, Nagel J. Molding Process Retaining Gold Nanoparticle Assembly Structures during Transfer to a Polycarbonate Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1553. [PMID: 38891499 PMCID: PMC11174599 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The immobilization of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) linear surface assemblies on polycarbonate (PC) melt surface via molding is investigated. The order of the particle assemblies is preserved during the molding process. The assemblies on PC exhibit plasmonic coupling features and dichroic properties. The structure of the assemblies is quantified based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and image analysis data using an orientational order parameter. The transfer process from mold to melt shows high structural fidelity. The order parameter of around 0.98 reflects the orientation of the lines and remains unaffected, independent of the injection direction of the melt relative to the particle lines. This is discussed in the frame of fountain flow during injection molding. The particles were permanently fixed and withstood the injection molding process, detachment of the substrate, and extraction in boiling ethanol. The plasmonic particles coupled strongly within the dense nanoparticle lines to produce anisotropic optical properties, as quantified by dichroic ratios of 0.28 and 0.52 using ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. AuNP line assemblies on a polymer surface may be a basis for plasmonic devices like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors or a precursor for nanowires. Their embedding via injection molding constitutes an important link between particle-self-assembly approaches for optically functional surfaces and polymer processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Zimmermann
- Institut für Polymerwerkstoffe, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Daniel Schletz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (P.T.P.)
| | - Marisa Hoffmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (P.T.P.)
| | - Patrick T. Probst
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (P.T.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (P.T.P.)
| | - Jürgen Nagel
- Institut für Polymerwerkstoffe, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany;
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2
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Capitaine A, Fajri ML, Sciacca B. Pushing the Limits of Capillary Assembly for the Arbitrary Positioning of Sub-50nm Nanocubes in Printable Plasmonic Surfaces. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300373. [PMID: 37391271 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of high quality nanophotonic surfaces for integration in optoelectronic devices remains a challenge because of the complexity and cost of top-down nanofabrication strategies. Combining colloidal synthesis with templated self-assembly emerged as an appealing low-cost solution. However, it still faces several obstacles before integration in devices can become a reality. This is mostly due to the difficulty in assembling small nanoparticles (<50 nm) in complex nanopatterns with a high yield. In this study, a reliable methodology is proposed to fabricate printable nanopatterns with an aspect ratio varying from 1 to 10 and a lateral resolution of 30 nm via nanocube assembly and epitaxy. Investigating templated assembly via capillary forces, a new regime was identified that was used to assemble 30-40 nm nanocubes in a patterned polydimethylsiloxane template with a high yield for both Au and Ag with multiple particles per trap. This new method relies on the generation and control of an accumulation zone at the contact line that is thin as opposed to dense, displaying higher versatility. This is in contrast with conventional wisdom, identifying a dense accumulation zone as a requirement for high-yield assembly. In addition, different formulations are proposed that can be used for the colloidal dispersion, showing that the standard water-surfactant solutions can be replaced by surfactant-free ethanol solutions, with good assembly yield. This allows to minimize the presence of surfactants that can affect electronic properties. Finally, it is shown that the obtained nanocube arrays can be transformed into continuous monocrystalline nanopatterns via nanocube epitaxy at near ambient temperature, and transferred to different substrates via contact printing. This approach opens new doors to the templated assembly of small colloids and could find potential applications in various optoelectronic devices ranging from solar cells to light-emitting diodes and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Capitaine
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, 13009, France
| | - Muhammad L Fajri
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, 13009, France
| | - Beniamino Sciacca
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, 13009, France
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3
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Sun J, Shi Z, Liu X, Ma Y, Li R, Chen S, Xin S, Wang N, Jia S, Wu K. Theoretical Investigation on the Metamaterials Based on the Magnetic Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Magnetic-Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Adjustable Photonic Responses. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8681-8689. [PMID: 37782892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of artificial nano- or microstructured materials with tunable functionalities and structures, mimicking nature's complexity, holds great potential for numerous novel applications. Despite remarkable progress in synthesizing colloidal molecules with diverse functionalities, most current methods, such as the capillarity-assisted particle assembly method, the ionic assembly method based on ionic interactions, or the field-directed assembly strategy based on dipole-dipole interactions, are confined to focusing on achieving symmetrical molecules. But there have been few examples of fabricating asymmetrical colloidal molecules that could exhibit unprecedented optical properties. Here, we introduce a microfluidic and magnetic template-assisted self-assembly protocol that relies mainly on the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions between magnetized magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles and the mechanical constraints resulting from the specially designed traps. This novel strategy not only requires no specific chemistry but also enables magnetophoretic control of magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles during the assembly process. Moreover, the assembled asymmetrical colloidal molecules also exhibit interesting hybridized plasmon modes and produce exotic optical properties due to the strong coupling of the individual nanoparticle. The ability to fabricate asymmetrical colloidal molecules based on the bottom-up method opens up a new direction for the fabrication of novel microscale structures for biosensing, patterning, and delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zongqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shumin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shenli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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4
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van Kesteren S, Shen X, Aldeghi M, Isa L. Printing on Particles: Combining Two-Photon Nanolithography and Capillary Assembly to Fabricate Multimaterial Microstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207101. [PMID: 36601964 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing at the micro- and nanoscale has seen a recent upsurge to suit an increasing demand for more elaborate structures. However, the integration of multiple distinct materials at small scales remains challenging. To this end, capillarity-assisted particle assembly (CAPA) and two-photon polymerization direct laser writing (2PP-DLW) are combined to realize a new class of multimaterial microstructures. 2PP-DLW and CAPA both are used to fabricate 3D templates to guide the CAPA of soft- and hard colloids, and to link well-defined arrangements of functional microparticle arrays produced by CAPA, a process that is termed "printing on particles." The printing process uses automated particle recognition algorithms to connect colloids into 1D, 2D, and 3D tailored structures, via rigid, soft, or responsive polymer links. Once printed and developed, the structures can be easily re-dispersed in water. Particle clusters and lattices of varying symmetry and composition are reported, together with thermoresponsive microactuators, and magnetically driven "micromachines", which can efficiently move, capture, and release DNA-coated particles in solution. The flexibility of this method allows the combination of a wide range of functional materials into complex structures, which will boost the realization of new systems and devices for numerous fields, including microrobotics, micromanipulation, and metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven van Kesteren
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Xueting Shen
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Michele Aldeghi
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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5
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Chai Z, Childress A, Busnaina AA. Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials for Making Nanoscale Devices and Structures: Mechanisms and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17641-17686. [PMID: 36269234 PMCID: PMC9706815 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication has been utilized to manufacture one-, two-, and three-dimensional functional nanostructures for applications such as electronics, sensors, and photonic devices. Although conventional silicon-based nanofabrication (top-down approach) has developed into a technique with extremely high precision and integration density, nanofabrication based on directed assembly (bottom-up approach) is attracting more interest recently owing to its low cost and the advantages of additive manufacturing. Directed assembly is a process that utilizes external fields to directly interact with nanoelements (nanoparticles, 2D nanomaterials, nanotubes, nanowires, etc.) and drive the nanoelements to site-selectively assemble in patterned areas on substrates to form functional structures. Directed assembly processes can be divided into four different categories depending on the external fields: electric field-directed assembly, fluidic flow-directed assembly, magnetic field-directed assembly, and optical field-directed assembly. In this review, we summarize recent progress utilizing these four processes and address how these directed assembly processes harness the external fields, the underlying mechanism of how the external fields interact with the nanoelements, and the advantages and drawbacks of utilizing each method. Finally, we discuss applications made using directed assembly and provide a perspective on the future developments and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chai
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Anthony Childress
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Busnaina
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
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6
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Zhu W, Satterthwaite PF, Jastrzebska-Perfect P, Brenes R, Niroui F. Nanoparticle contact printing with interfacial engineering for deterministic integration into functional structures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4869. [PMID: 36288303 PMCID: PMC9604533 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic, pristine, and scalable integration of individual nanoparticles onto arbitrary surfaces is an ongoing challenge, yet essential for harnessing their unique properties for functional nanoscale devices. To address this challenge, we present a versatile technique where spatially arranged nanoparticles assembled in a topographical template are printed onto diverse surfaces, through a single contact-and-release step, with >95% transfer yield and <50-nanometer placement accuracy. Through engineering of interfacial interactions, our approach uniquely promotes high-yield transfer of individual particles without needing solvents, surface treatments, and polymer sacrificial layers, which are conventionally inevitable. By avoiding these mediation steps, surfaces can remain damage and contamination free and accessible to integrate into functional structures. We demonstrate this in a particle-on-mirror model system, where >2000 precisely defined nanocavities display a consistent plasmonic response with minimized interstructure variability. Through fabricating arrays of emitter-coupled nanocavities, we further highlight the integration opportunities offered by our contact printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter F. Satterthwaite
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Patricia Jastrzebska-Perfect
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roberto Brenes
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Farnaz Niroui
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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7
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Wang H, Shao R, Meng X, He Y, Shi Z, Guo Z, Ye C. Programmable Birefringent Patterns from Modulating the Localized Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36277-36286. [PMID: 35916232 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Birefringence has been attracting broad attention due to its strong potential for applications in biomedicine and optics, such as biomedical diagnosis, colorimetric sensing, retardant, and polarization encoding. However, engineering architectures with precisely controllable birefringence remains a challenge due to the lack of effective modulation of the localized orientation. Here, by taking advantage of the inherently one-dimensional (1D) anisotropic structure of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), we demonstrate an approach to tune the alignment of CNCs with a well-controllable orientation at localized preciseness, which is in contrast to the previously reported unidirectional/radical orientation of CNC-based birefringent structures. The localized modulation of CNC orientation is facilitated by directing the 1D nanocrystals to align along the template periphery and the migrated three-phase contact line during the evaporation. The resultant CNC films exhibit birefringent extinction patterns under polarized light, in which versatile pattern designs can be obtained by employing templates with different shapes and template arrays with varied layouts. Due to the locally modulated orientation of CNCs, the films indicate "kaleidoscope-like" dynamically transformable designs of the birefringent patterns depending on the polarized angle, which has barely been observed previously. Furthermore, an N-nary encoding system for abundant information storage is demonstrated based on the sunlight-transparent CNC films, but with visible extinction patterns under polarized light, which is promising for encryptions, anticounterfeiting, and imaging, enriching the attractive research area of bio-based photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rongrong Shao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yisheng He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhaojie Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chunhong Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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8
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Roach L, Hereu A, Lalanne P, Duguet E, Tréguer-Delapierre M, Vynck K, Drisko GL. Controlling disorder in self-assembled colloidal monolayers via evaporative processes. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3324-3345. [PMID: 35174843 PMCID: PMC8900142 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07814c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of assembled nano-objects with a controlled degree of disorder hold interest in many optical applications, including photovoltaics, light emission, sensing, and structural coloration. Controlled disorder can be achieved through either top-down or bottom-up approaches, but the latter is more suited to large-scale, low-cost fabrication. Disordered colloidal monolayers can be assembled through evaporatively driven convective assembly, a bottom-up process with a wide range of parameters impacting particle placement. Motivated by the photonic applications of such monolayers, in this review we discuss the quantification of monolayer disorder, and the assembly methods that have been used to produce them. We review the impact of particle and solvent properties, as well as the use of substrate patterning, to create the desired spatial distributions of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Roach
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Adrian Hereu
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Philippe Lalanne
- IOGS, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Etienne Duguet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | | | - Kevin Vynck
- Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, iLM, UMR 5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Glenna L Drisko
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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9
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Farzeena C, Varanakkottu SN. Patterning of Metallic Nanoparticles over Solid Surfaces from Sessile Droplets by Thermoplasmonically Controlled Liquid Flow. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2003-2013. [PMID: 35119875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optically controlled assembly of suspended particles from evaporating sessile droplets is an emerging method to realize on-demand patterning of particles over solid substrates. Most of the reported strategies rely either on additives or surface texturing to modulate particle deposition. Though dynamic control over the assembly of microparticles is possible, limited success has been achieved in nanoparticle patterning, especially in the case of metallic nanoparticles. This work demonstrates a simple light-directed patterning of gold (Au) nanoparticles based on the thermoplasmonically controlled liquid flow. Excitation at the plasmonic wavelength (532 nm) generates the required temperature gradient, resulting in the particle assembly at the irradiation zone in response to the thermocapillary flow created inside the droplet. Particle streak velocimetry experiments and analysis confirm the existence of a strong thermocapillary flow, which counteracts the naturally occurring evaporative convection flows. By modulating the illumination conditions, we could achieve patterns with various morphologies, including center deposit, off-center deposit, multi-spot deposit, and lines. We successfully applied the developed strategy for realizing closely packed hybrid particle assembly containing different particles: Au and polystyrene particles (PS). We performed optical microscopy, 3D profilometry, and SEM analysis to characterize the particle deposit. We analyzed the periodicity of Au-PS hybrid assembly using fast Fourier transform and radial distribution function analysis. PS particles formed a hexagonal close-packed arrangement at the irradiation zone, with Au NPs residing inside the voids. We believe that the presented strategy could significantly enhance the applicability of the evaporative lithography from sessile droplets for the programmable patterning of metallic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalikkara Farzeena
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601 Kerala, India
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10
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Kim JM, Lee C, Lee Y, Lee J, Park SJ, Park S, Nam JM. Synthesis, Assembly, Optical Properties, and Sensing Applications of Plasmonic Gap Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006966. [PMID: 34013617 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gap nanostructures (PGNs) have been extensively investigated mainly because of their strongly enhanced optical responses, which stem from the high intensity of the localized field in the nanogap. The recently developed methods for the preparation of versatile nanogap structures open new avenues for the exploration of unprecedented optical properties and development of sensing applications relying on the amplification of various optical signals. However, the reproducible and controlled preparation of highly uniform plasmonic nanogaps and the prediction, understanding, and control of their optical properties, especially for nanogaps in the nanometer or sub-nanometer range, remain challenging. This is because subtle changes in the nanogap significantly affect the plasmonic response and are of paramount importance to the desired optical performance and further applications. Here, recent advances in the synthesis, assembly, and fabrication strategies, prediction and control of optical properties, and sensing applications of PGNs are discussed, and perspectives toward addressing these challenging issues and the future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chungyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeonhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinhaeng Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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11
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Probst PT, Mayer M, Gupta V, Steiner AM, Zhou Z, Auernhammer GK, König TAF, Fery A. Mechano-tunable chiral metasurfaces via colloidal assembly. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1024-1028. [PMID: 33927391 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic control of circular polarization in chiral metasurfaces is being used in many photonic applications. However, simple fabrication routes to create chiral materials with considerable and fully tunable chiroptical responses at visible and near-infrared wavelengths are scarce. Here, we describe a scalable bottom-up approach to construct cross-stacked nanoparticle chain arrays that have a circular dichroism of up to 11°. Due to their layered design, the strong superchiral fields of the inter-layer region are accessible to chiral analytes, resulting in a tenfold enhanced sensitivity in a chiral sensing proof-of-concept experiment. In situ restacking and local mechanical compression enables full control over the entire set of circular dichroism characteristics, namely sign, magnitude and spectral position. Strain-induced reconfiguration opens up an intriguing route towards actively controlled pixel arrays using local deformation, which fosters continuous polarization engineering and multi-channel detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Probst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Mayer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Maria Steiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics at Interfaces, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias A F König
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Tian L, Wang C, Zhao H, Sun F, Dong H, Feng K, Wang P, He G, Li G. Rational Approach to Plasmonic Dimers with Controlled Gap Distance, Symmetry, and Capability of Precisely Hosting Guest Molecules in Hotspot Regions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8631-8638. [PMID: 34077205 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic dimers not only provide a unique platform for studying fundamental plasmonic behavior and effects but also are functional materials for numerous applications. The efficient creation of well-defined dimers with flexible control of structure parameters and thus tunable optical property is the prerequisite for fully exploiting the potential of this nanostructure. Herein, based on a polymer-assisted self-assembly approach in conjugation with molecular cage chemistry, a strategy was demonstrated for constructing cage-bridged plasmonic dimers with controlled sizes, compositions, shape, symmetry, and interparticle gap separation in a modular and high-yield manner. With a high degree of freedom and controllability, this strategy allows facilely accessing various symmetrical/asymmetrical dimers with sub-5 nm gap distance and tailored optical properties. Importantly, as the linkage of the two constituent elements, the molecular cages embedded in the junction endow the assembled dimers with the ability to precisely and reversibly host rich guest molecules in hotspot regions, offering great potential for creating various plasmon-mediated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fuwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guokang He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Barad HN, Kwon H, Alarcón-Correa M, Fischer P. Large Area Patterning of Nanoparticles and Nanostructures: Current Status and Future Prospects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5861-5875. [PMID: 33830726 PMCID: PMC8155328 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles possess exceptional optical, magnetic, electrical, and chemical properties. Several applications, ranging from surfaces for optical displays and electronic devices, to energy conversion, require large-area patterns of nanoparticles. Often, it is crucial to maintain a defined arrangement and spacing between nanoparticles to obtain a consistent and uniform surface response. In the majority of the established patterning methods, the pattern is written and formed, which is slow and not scalable. Some parallel techniques, forming all points of the pattern simultaneously, have therefore emerged. These methods can be used to quickly assemble nanoparticles and nanostructures on large-area substrates into well-ordered patterns. Here, we review these parallel methods, the materials that have been processed by them, and the types of particles that can be used with each method. We also emphasize the maximal substrate areas that each method can pattern and the distances between particles. Finally, we point out the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as the challenges that still need to be addressed to enable facile, on-demand large-area nanopatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah-Noa Barad
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hyunah Kwon
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mariana Alarcón-Correa
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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Shillingford C, Kim BM, Weck M. Top-Down Heterogeneous Colloidal Engineering Using Capillary Assembly of Liquid Particles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1640-1651. [PMID: 33439622 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Capillary assembly of liquid particles (CALP) is a microfabrication strategy for engineering arbitrarily shaped polymer colloids. The method entails depositing emulsion particles into patterned microarrays within a fluidic cell: coalescence, polymerization, and extraction of the deposited material engender faceted colloids. Herein, the versatility of CALP is demonstrated by using both consecutive assembly and heterogeneous coassembly to engineer geometrically diverse Janus and patchy colloids. Liquid particles (LPs) can be patterned laterally across the plane of the template by manipulating the capillary immersion force, liquid particle hardness, and rate of coalescence. Bilayers of different polymeric LPs and patchy microarrays are fabricated, comprising solid colloids made from various materials including poly(styrene), p-styryltrimethoxysilane, and iron oxide. Eleven different structures including concentric Janus squares, triblock ellipsoids, and planar tetramer and pentagonal patchy particles are described. All particles are fluorescently labeled, resist flocculation, withstand extended heating, and endure dispersion in organic solvent. Further crystallization and processing into colloid-based microscale devices is therefore anticipated. Heterogeneous CALP combines top-down microfabrication with bottom-up synthesis to engineer nonequilibrium particle structures that cannot be made with wet chemistry. CALP enables the design and fabrication of colloids with complex internal construction to target hierarchical functional materials. Ultimately, the integration of colloidal building blocks comprising multiple components that are independently addressable is crucial for the development of nano/micromaterials such as filtration devices, sensors, diagnostics, solid-state catalysts, and optical electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicely Shillingford
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Brandon M Kim
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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15
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Lee JB, Walker H, Li Y, Nam TW, Rakovich A, Sapienza R, Jung YS, Nam YS, Maier SA, Cortés E. Template Dissolution Interfacial Patterning of Single Colloids for Nanoelectrochemistry and Nanosensing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17693-17703. [PMID: 33270433 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic positioning and assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) onto substrates is a core requirement and a promising alternative to top-down lithography to create functional nanostructures and nanodevices with intriguing optical, electrical, and catalytic features. Capillary-assisted particle assembly (CAPA) has emerged as an attractive technique to this end, as it allows controlled and selective assembly of a wide variety of NPs onto predefined topographical templates using capillary forces. One critical issue with CAPA, however, lies in its final printing step, where high printing yields are possible only with the use of an adhesive polymer film. To address this problem, we have developed a template dissolution interfacial patterning (TDIP) technique to assemble and print single colloidal AuNP arrays onto various dielectric and conductive substrates in the absence of any adhesion layer, with printing yields higher than 98%. The TDIP approach grants direct access to the interface between the AuNP and the target surface, enabling the use of colloidal AuNPs as building blocks for practical applications. The versatile applicability of TDIP is demonstrated by the creation of direct electrical junctions for electro- and photoelectrochemistry and nanoparticle-on-mirror geometries for single-particle molecular sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Bum Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Harriet Walker
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Li
- School of Microelectronics, MOE Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Communications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Tae Won Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Riccardo Sapienza
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
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16
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Meng Y, Cheng G, Man Z, Xu Y, Zhou S, Bian J, Lu Z, Zhang W. Deterministic Assembly of Single Sub-20 nm Functional Nanoparticles Using a Thermally Modified Template with a Scanning Nanoprobe. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005979. [PMID: 33180357 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A deterministic assembly technique for single sub-20 nm functional nanoparticles is developed based on nanostructured templates fabricated by hot scanning nanoprobes. With this technique, single nanoparticles including quantum dots, polystyrene fluorescent nanobeads, and gold nanoparticles are successfully assembled into 2D arrays with high yields. Experimental and theoretical analyses show that the key for the high yields is the hot-probe-based template fabrication technique, which creates geometrical nanotraps and modifies their surface energy simultaneously. In addition to single nanoparticle patterning, further experiments demonstrate that this technique is also capable of building complex nanostructures, such as nanoparticle clusters with well-defined shapes and heterogeneously integrated nanostructures consisting of quantum dots and silver nanowires. It opens the door to many important applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zaiqin Man
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ya Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jie Bian
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenda Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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17
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Alvarez-Fernandez A, Nallet F, Fontaine P, Cummins C, Hadziioannou G, Barois P, Fleury G, Ponsinet V. Large area Al 2O 3-Au raspberry-like nanoclusters from iterative block-copolymer self-assembly. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41088-41097. [PMID: 35519210 PMCID: PMC9057902 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of functional nanomaterials, core–satellite nanoclusters have recently elicited great interest due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, core–satellite synthetic routes to date are hampered by delicate and multistep reaction conditions and no practical method has been reported for the ordering of these structures onto a surface monolayer. Herein we show a reproducible and simplified thin film process to fabricate bimetallic raspberry nanoclusters using block copolymer (BCP) lithography. The fabricated inorganic raspberry nanoclusters consisted of a ∼36 nm alumina core decorated with ∼15 nm Au satellites after infusing multilayer BCP nanopatterns. A series of cylindrical BCPs with different molecular weights allowed us to dial in specific nanodot periodicities (from 30 to 80 nm). Highly ordered BCP nanopatterns were then selectively infiltrated with alumina and Au species to develop multi-level bimetallic raspberry features. Microscopy and X-ray reflectivity analysis were used at each fabrication step to gain further mechanistic insights and understand the infiltration process. Furthermore, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering studies of infiltrated films confirmed the excellent order and vertical orientation over wafer scale areas of Al2O3/Au raspberry nanoclusters. We believe our work demonstrates a robust strategy towards designing hybrid nanoclusters since BCP blocks can be infiltrated with various low cost salt-based precursors. The highly controlled nanocluster strategy disclosed here could have wide ranging uses, in particular for metasurface and optical based sensor applications. Large area Al2O3–Au raspberry-like nanoclusters and other complex structures have been created by iterative block-copolymer self-assembly, paving the way to a new generation of on-demand metallic architectures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France.,CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Frédéric Nallet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Philippe Fontaine
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP 48 F-91192 Gif-sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Cian Cummins
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France.,CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France
| | | | - Philippe Barois
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Virginie Ponsinet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
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18
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Shillingford C, Kim BM, Weck M. Capillary Assembly of Liquid Particles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907523. [PMID: 32191379 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Capillary assembly is a versatile method for depositing colloidal particles within templates, resulting in nano/microarrays and colloidal superstructures for optical, plasmonic, and sensory applications. Liquid particles (LPs), comprised of oligomerized 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, are herein shown to deposit into patterned cavities via capillary assembly. In contrast to solid colloids, LPs coalesce upon solvent evaporation and assume the geometry of the template. Incorporating small molecules such as dyes followed by LP solidification generates fluorescent polymer microarrays of any geometry. The LP size is inversely proportional to the quantity of deposited material and the convexity of the final polymer array. Cavity filling can be tuned by increasing the assembly temperature. Extraction of the polymerized regions produces solidified particles with faceted shapes including square prisms, trapezoids, and ellipsoids with sizes up to 14 µm that retain the shape of the cavity in which they are initially held. LP deposition thus presents a highly controllable fabrication scheme for geometrically diverse polymer microarrays and anisotropic colloids of any conceivable polygonal shape due to space filling of the template. The extension of capillary assembly to LPs that can be doped with small molecule dyes and analytes invaluably expands the synthetic toolbox for top-down, scalable, hierarchically engineered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicely Shillingford
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Brandon M Kim
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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19
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Eklöf-Österberg J, Löfgren J, Erhart P, Moth-Poulsen K. Understanding Interactions Driving the Template-Directed Self-Assembly of Colloidal Nanoparticles at Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:4660-4667. [PMID: 32140202 PMCID: PMC7050997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlled deposition of colloidal nanoparticles using self-assembly is a promising technique for, for example, manufacturing of miniaturized electronics, and it bridges the gap between top-down and bottom-up methods. However, selecting materials and geometry of the target surface for optimal deposition results presents a significant challenge. Here, we describe a predictive framework based on the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory that allows rational design of colloidal nanoparticle deposition setups. The framework is demonstrated for a model system consisting of gold nanoparticles stabilized by trisodium citrate that are directed toward prefabricated sub-100 nm features on a silicon substrate. Experimental results for the model system are presented in conjunction with theoretical analysis to assess its reliability. It is shown that three-dimensional, nickel-coated structures are well suited for attracting gold nanoparticles and that optimization of the feature geometry based on the proposed framework leads to a systematic improvement in the number of successfully deposited particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnas Eklöf-Österberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Joakim Löfgren
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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20
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Gupta V, Probst PT, Goßler FR, Steiner AM, Schubert J, Brasse Y, König TAF, Fery A. Mechanotunable Surface Lattice Resonances in the Visible Optical Range by Soft Lithography Templates and Directed Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28189-28196. [PMID: 31298836 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel colloidal self-assembly approach toward obtaining mechanically tunable, cost-efficient, and low-loss plasmonic nanostructures that show pronounced optical anisotropy upon mechanical deformation. Soft lithography and template-assisted colloidal self-assembly are used to fabricate a stretchable periodic square lattice of gold nanoparticles on macroscopic areas. We stress the impact of particle size distribution on the resulting optical properties. To this end, lattices of narrowly distributed particles (∼2% standard deviation in diameter) are compared with those composed of polydisperse ones (∼14% standard deviation). The enhanced particle quality sharpens the collective surface lattice resonances by 40% to achieve a full width at half-maximum as low as 16 nm. This high optical quality approaches the theoretical limit for this system, as revealed by electromagnetic simulations. One hundred stretching cycles demonstrate a reversible transformation from a square to a rectangular lattice, accompanied by polarization-dependent optical properties. On the basis of these findings we envisage the potential applications as strain sensors and mechanically tunable filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Gupta
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Patrick T Probst
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Fabian R Goßler
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Anja Maria Steiner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jonas Schubert
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yannic Brasse
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Tobias A F König
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
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21
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Genix AC, Oberdisse J. Nanoparticle self-assembly: from interactions in suspension to polymer nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5161-5179. [PMID: 29893402 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental results using in particular small-angle scattering to characterize the self-assembly of mainly hard spherical nanoparticles into higher ordered structures ranging from fractal aggregates to ordered assemblies are reviewed. The crucial control of interparticle interactions is discussed, from chemical surface-modification, or the action of additives like depletion agents, to the generation of directional patches and the use of external fields. It is shown how the properties of interparticle interactions have been used to allow inducing and possibly controlling aggregation, opening the road to the generation of colloidal molecules or potentially metamaterials. In the last part, studies of the microstructure of polymer nanocomposites as an application of volume-spanning and stress-carrying aggregates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
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22
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Kinnear C, Cadusch J, Zhang H, Lu J, James TD, Roberts A, Mulvaney P. Directed Chemical Assembly of Single and Clustered Nanoparticles with Silanized Templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7355-7363. [PMID: 29806979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of nanoscale materials into arbitrary, organized structures remains a major challenge in nanotechnology. Herein, we report a general method for creating 2D structures by combining top-down lithography with bottom-up chemical assembly. Under optimal conditions, the assembly of gold nanoparticles was achieved in less than 30 min. Single gold nanoparticles, from 10 to 100 nm, can be placed in predetermined patterns with high fidelity, and higher-order structures can be generated consisting of dimers or trimers. It is shown that the nanoparticle arrays can be transferred to, and embedded within, polymer films. This provides a new method for the large-scale fabrication of nanoparticle arrays onto diverse substrates using wet chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Timothy D James
- Reserve Bank of Australia , Craigieburn , Victoria 3064 , Australia
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23
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Ni S, Isa L, Wolf H. Capillary assembly as a tool for the heterogeneous integration of micro- and nanoscale objects. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2978-2995. [PMID: 29611588 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02496g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, capillary assembly in topographical templates has evolved into an efficient method for the heterogeneous integration of micro- and nano-scale objects on a variety of surfaces. This assembly route has been applied to a large spectrum of materials of micrometer to nanometer dimensions, supplied in the form of aqueous colloidal suspensions. Using systems produced via bulk synthesis affords a huge flexibility in the choice of materials, holding promise for the realization of novel superior devices in the fields of optics, electronics and health, if they can be integrated into surface structures in a fast, simple, and reliable way. In this review, the working principles of capillary assembly and its fundamental process parameters are first presented and discussed. We then examine the latest developments in template design and tool optimization to perform capillary assembly in more robust and efficient ways. This is followed by a focus on the broad range of functional materials that have been realized using capillary assembly, from single components to large-scale heterogeneous multi-component assemblies. We then review current applications of capillary assembly, especially in optics, electronics, and in biomaterials. We conclude with a short summary and an outlook for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Ni
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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