1
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Yoshida T, Aoki S, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Polyhedral Vinyl Polymer Particles Synthesized Via Solvent-Free Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400438. [PMID: 38980977 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) with a cubic shape are created by using various vinyl monomers as an inner liquid and polymer plates with mm size as a stabilizer. The relationship between the surface tension of the vinyl monomers and formability of the LMs is investigated. LMs can be fabricated using vinyl monomers with surface tensions of 42.7-40.3 mN m-1. The cubic polymer particles are successively synthesized via free-radical polymerizations by irradiation of the cubic LMs with UV light in a solvent-free manner. In addition, controlling the number of polymer plates per one LM, the shape of the plate or the coalescence of the LMs can lead to production of polymer particles with desired forms (e.g., Platonic and rectangular solids) that correspond to the shapes of the original LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Yoshida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Aoki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
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2
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Kato R, Mikami T, Kato T. 2D Photonic Colloidal Liquid Crystals Composed of Self-Assembled Rod-Shaped Particles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404396. [PMID: 38877780 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Photonic crystals, characterized by their periodic structures, have been extensively studied for their ability to manipulate light. Typically, the development of 2D photonic crystals requires either sophisticated equipment or precise orientation of spherical nanoparticles. However, liquid-crystalline (LC) materials offer a promising alternative, facilitating the formation of periodic structures without the need for complex manipulation. Despite this advantage, the development of 2D photonic periodic structures using LC materials is limited to a few colloidal nanodisk liquid crystals. Herein, 2D photonic colloidal liquid crystals composed of biomineral-based nanorods and water is reported. The soft photonic materials with 2D structure by self-assembled LC colloidal nanorods are unique and a new class of photonic materials different from conventional solid 2D photonic materials. These colloids exhibit bright structural colors with high reflectance (>50%) and significant angular dependency. The structural colors are adjusted by controlling the concentration and size of the LC colloidal nanorods. Furthermore, mechanochromic hydrogel thin films with 2D photonic structure are developed. The hydrogels exhibit reversible mechanochromic properties with angular dependency, which can be used for an advanced stimuli responsible sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mikami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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3
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Xie W, Dhinojwala A, Gianneschi NC, Shawkey MD. Interactions of Melanin with Electromagnetic Radiation: From Fundamentals to Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7165-7213. [PMID: 38758918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Melanin, especially integumentary melanin, interacts in numerous ways with electromagnetic radiation, leading to a set of critical functions, including radiation protection, UV-protection, pigmentary and structural color productions, and thermoregulation. By harnessing these functions, melanin and melanin-like materials can be widely applied to diverse applications with extraordinary performance. Here we provide a unified overview of the melanin family (all melanin and melanin-like materials) and their interactions with the complete electromagnetic radiation spectrum (X-ray, Gamma-ray, UV, visible, near-infrared), which until now has been absent from the literature and is needed to establish a solid fundamental base to facilitate their future investigation and development. We begin by discussing the chemistries and morphologies of both natural and artificial melanin, then the fundamentals of melanin-radiation interactions, and finally the exciting new developments in high-performance melanin-based functional materials that exploit these interactions. This Review provides both a comprehensive overview and a discussion of future perspectives for each subfield of melanin that will help direct the future development of melanin from both fundamental and applied perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Xie
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructure Group, University of Ghent, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructure Group, University of Ghent, Gent 9000, Belgium
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4
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Iwata Y, Yoshida T, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Non-Aqueous Polyhedral Liquid Marbles Stabilized with Polymer Plates Having Surface Roughness. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402297. [PMID: 38837678 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobic polymer plates with smooth and rough surfaces are used as a stabilizer for cubic liquid marbles (LMs) to study the effect of surface roughness on their formation. The smooth and rough polymer plates can stabilize LMs using liquids with surface tensions of 72.8-26.6 and 72.8-22.9 mN m-1, respectively. It is clarified that the higher the surface roughness, the lower the surface tension of the liquids are stabilized to form the LMs. These results indicated that the introduction of surface roughness improves the hydrophobicity of the polymer plates and the rough polymer plates can stabilize LMs using liquids with a wider surface tension range. Electron microscopy studies and numerical analyses confirmed that the LMs can be formed, when the Cassie-Baxter wetting state, where θY>90° (θY: the contact angle on smooth surfaces) and θR>90° (θR: the contact angle on rough surfaces), and the metastable Cassie-Baxter wetting state, where θY<90° and θR>90°, are realized. Finally, the synthesis of cubic polymer particles are succeeded by free radical polymerization of the cubic LMs containing a hydrophobic vinyl monomer (dodecyl acrylate) in a solvent-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Iwata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering. Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering. Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering. Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
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5
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Singla S, Yang Z, Patil A, Guo H, Vanthournout B, Htut KZ, Shawkey MD, Tsige M, Dhinojwala A. Influence of Core Type and Shell Thickness on Avian-Inspired Structural Colors Produced from Melanin Nanoparticle Assemblies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45229-45238. [PMID: 37699412 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Hollow melanosomes found in iridescent bird feathers, including violet-backed starlings and wild turkeys, enable the generation of diverse structural colors. It has been postulated that the high refractive index (RI) contrast between melanin (1.74) and air (1.0) results in brighter and more saturated colors. This has led to several studies that have synthesized hollow synthetic melanin nanoparticles and fabricated colloidal nanostructures to produce synthetic structural colors. However, these studies use hollow nanoparticles with thin shells (<20 nm), even though shell thicknesses as high as 100 nm have been observed in natural melanosomes. Here, we combine experimental and computational approaches to examine the influence of the varying polydopamine (PDA, synthetic melanin) shell thickness (0-100 nm) and core material on structural colors. Experimentally, a concomitant change in overall particle size and RI contrast makes it difficult to interpret the effect of a hollow or solid core on color. Thus, we utilize finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to uncover the effect of shell thickness and core on structural colors. Our FDTD results highlight that hollow particles with thin shells have substantially higher saturation than same-sized solid and core-shell particles. These results would benefit a wide range of applications including paints, coatings, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranshu Singla
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Zepeng Yang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Anvay Patil
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | | | - K Zin Htut
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | | | - Mesfin Tsige
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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6
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Yang SY, Kang DS, Lee CY. Coloration on Bluish Alginate Films with Amorphous Heterogeneity Thereof. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3627. [PMID: 37688253 PMCID: PMC10489677 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Using sodium alginate (Alg) aqueous solution containing indigo carmine (IdC) at various concentrations we characterized the rippled surface pattern with micro-spacing on a flexible film as intriguing bluish Alg-IdC iridescence. The characterization was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and photoluminescence detection. The edge pattern on the film had a maximum depth of 825 nm, a peak-to-peak distance of 63.0 nm, and an average distance of 2.34 nm. The center of the pattern had a maximum depth of 343 nm and a peak-to-peak distance of 162 nm. The pattern spacing rippled irregularly, widening toward the center and narrowing toward the edges. The rippled nano-patterned areas effectively generated iridescence. The ultraviolet absorption spectra of the mixture in the 270 and 615 nm ranges were the same for both the iridescent and non-iridescent film surfaces. By adding Ag+ ions to Alg-IdC, self-assembled microspheres were formed, and conductivity was improved. Cross-linked bluish materials were immediately formed by the addition of Ca2+ ions, and the film was prepared by controlling their concentration. This flexible film can be used in applications such as eco-friendly camouflage, anti-counterfeiting, QR code materials for imaging/sensing, and smart hybrid displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Yang
- Institute of Aerospace System, Inha University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Yull Lee
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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7
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Urase M, Maejima Y, Watanabe T, Kishikawa K, Fudouzi H, Kohri M. Crack-Free Structural Color Materials Prepared without Disrupting the Particle Arrangement by Controlling the Internal Stress Relaxation and Interactions of the Melanin Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37300496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In fabricating structural color materials with assembled colloidal particles, there is a trade-off between the internal stresses acting on the particles and the interactions between the particles during solvent volatilization. It is crucial to fabricate crack-free materials that maintain the periodic arrangements of the particles by understanding the mechanism for crack initiation. Here, we focused on the composition and additives of melanin particle dispersions to obtain crack-free structural color materials without disturbing the particle arrangements. The use of a water/ethanol mixture as a dispersant effectively reduced the internal stresses of the particles during solvent evaporation. Furthermore, the addition of low-molecular-weight, low-volatility ionic liquids ensured that the arrangement and interactions of the particles were maintained after solvent volatilization. Optimization of the composition and additives of the dispersion made it possible to achieve crack-free melanin-based structural color materials while maintaining vivid, angular-dependent color tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Urase
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yui Maejima
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fudouzi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Michinari Kohri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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8
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Aoki S, Yoshida T, Nguyen HK, Nakajima K, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Nonspherical Epoxy Resin Polymer Particles Synthesized via Solvent-Free Polyaddition Reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5872-5879. [PMID: 37039828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cubic liquid marbles (LMs) were fabricated by using various epoxy monomers as internal liquids and millimeter-sized polymer plates as stabilizers. Successively, cubic polymer particles were synthesized via solvent-free polyaddition reactions by exposing the cubic LMs to NH3 vapor used as a curing agent. The effect of the solubility parameters (SPs) for the epoxy monomers on the formation of the cubic polymer particles was investigated. As a result, we succeeded in fabricating cubic polymer particles reflecting the shapes of the original LMs by using epoxy monomers with SP values of 23.70-21.66 (MPa)1/2. Furthermore, the shapes of the LMs could be controlled on demand (e.g., pentahedral and rectangular) by control of the number of polymer plates per LM and/or coalescence of the LMs, resulting in fabrication of polymer particles with shapes reflecting those of the LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Aoki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Hung K Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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9
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Song L, Qi Y, Zhang S. Design and Self-Assembly of Polyhedron Particles to Construct Iridescent Structural Colors. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1362-1365. [PMID: 36416205 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyhedron particles exhibit unique physical properties in constructing novel materials. Here, the polystyrene (PS) polyhedron particles were fabricated via dispersion polymerization, and their morphologies can be controlled by tuning the divinylbenzene (DVB) content and polarity of the reaction medium. The possible formation mechanism is the asymmetric distribution of cross-linked networks during the phase separation process. In addition, the large-scale iridescent structural colors based on polyhedrons were obtained and further explored their applications in smart displays. This presented method guides the fabrication of anisotropic particles and their further assembly to construct novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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10
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Yoshioka D, Kishikawa K, Kohri M. A Flexible and Robust Structural Color Film Obtained by Assembly of Surface-Modified Melanin Particles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193338. [PMID: 36234466 PMCID: PMC9565605 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, core-shell-hairy-type melanin particles surface modified with a polydopamine shell layer and a polymer brush hairy layer were fabricated and assembled to readily obtain bright structural color films. The hot pressing of freeze-dried samples of melanin particles decorated with a hydrophilic, low glass transition temperature polymer brush results in films that exhibit an angle-dependent structural color due to a highly periodic microstructure, with increased regularity in the arrangement of the particle array due to the fluidity of the particles. Flexible, self-supporting, and easy-to-cut and process structural color films are obtained, and their flexibility and robustness are demonstrated using compression tests. This method of obtaining highly visible structural color films using melanin particles as a single component will have a significant impact on practical materials and applications.
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11
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Xia K, Zheng X, Wang Y, Zhong W, Dong Z, Ye Z, Zhang Z. Biomimetic Chiral Photonic Materials with Tunable Metallic Colorations Prepared from Chiral Melanin-like Nanorods for UV Shielding, Humidity Sensing, and Cosmetics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8114-8124. [PMID: 35731984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many biological species combine the helical organization of cellulose or chitin microfibrils with broadband light absorption of black melanin to produce brilliant structural colors with metallic and glossy effects and other diverse functions. In this work, based on core-shell CNC@PDA chiral nanorods consisting of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the core and melanin-like polydopamine (PDA) as the shell that can form well-defined chiral liquid crystal phases, we report chiral photonic materials that closely mimic the unique coloration mechanisms and functionalities mastered by several biological species. The photonic films formed by such single CNC@PDA nanorods have brilliant iridescent structural colors originating from selective reflection of circularly polarized lights by the helical organization of CNC@PDAs across the films. Furthermore, the colors of such films have background-independent brightness, high visibility, and metallic effects that arise from the light absorption of the PDA component. Especially, the color ranges and metallic effects of the films can be conveniently tuned by varying the thickness of the PDA shell. In addition, the UV absorption and hygroscopic properties of PDA endow these CNC@PDA films with efficient broadband UV shielding and sensitive humidity-induced dynamic color changes. Due to the mussel-like superior adhesion of PDA, CNC@PDA-based photonic coatings can be formed conformably onto diverse kinds of substrates. A shiny eye shadow with viewing angle-dependent colorful patterns was used to demonstrate the potential applications. With combinations of multiple unique properties in one photonic material fabricated from a single building block, these CNC@PDA-based films are expected to have potential applications in cosmetics, UV protection, anticounterfeiting, chiral reflectors, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Weiting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zihan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
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12
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Takahashi S, Kishikawa K, Kohri M. External stimulus control of structural color visibility using colloidal particles covered with a catecholic polymer shell layer. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Fang X, Zou H. Revisiting the preparation of cylindrical polystyrene particles by magnetic stirring. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Liu T, Liu T, Gao F, Glotzer SC, Solomon MJ. Structural Color Spectral Response of Dense Structures of Discoidal Particles Generated by Evaporative Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1315-1324. [PMID: 35112869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural color─optical response due to light diffraction or scattering from submicrometer-scale structures─is a promising means for sustainable coloration. To expand the functionality of structural color, we introduce discoidal shape anisotropy into colloidal particles and characterize how structural color reflection can be engineered. Uniaxial compression of spheres is used to prepare discoids with varying shape anisotropy and particle size. Discoids are assembled into thin films by evaporation. We find that structural color of assembled films displays components due to diffuse backscattering and multilayer reflection. As discoids become more anisotropic, the assembled structure is more disordered. The multilayer reflection is suppressed─peak height becomes smaller and peak width broader; thus, the color is predominantly from diffuse backscattering. Finally, the discoid structural color can be tuned by varying particle size and has low dependence on viewing angle. We corroborate our results by comparing experimental microstructures and measured reflection spectra with Monte Carlo simulations and calculated spectra by finite-difference time-domain simulation. Our findings demonstrate that the two tunable geometries of discoids─size and aspect ratio─generate different effects on spectral response and therefore can function as independent design parameters that expand possibilities for producing noniridescent structural color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fengyi Gao
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Michael J Solomon
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Arai Y, Yashiro N, Imura Y, Wang KH, Kawai T. Thermally Tunable Structural Coloration of Water/Surfactant/Oil Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:569-575. [PMID: 34933556 PMCID: PMC8757461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive structural color in nature has fascinated scientists, directing them to develop artificial coloration materials that adjust colors in response to external stimuli. Many stimuli-responsive structural color materials have been realized. However, only a few have reported on all-liquid-type materials, which have a particularly desirable feature because they impart their function to the device of any shape. We have previously reported the development of a consistent structural color within a narrow temperature range for all-liquid-type emulsions comprising a long-chain amidoamine derivative (C18AA) and tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB). In the present study, we demonstrate that introducing NaCl as an electrolyte affords a highly thermo-sensitive color-changing ability to the emulsions. The structural color of the emulsions can be controlled from red to blue by tuning the temperature. Furthermore, the C18AA and TOAB concentrations can independently regulate the color and coloring-temperature, respectively, realizing that the desired color can develop at a given temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Arai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Nayuta Yashiro
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Imura
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ke-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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16
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Jeon DJ, Paik S, Ji S, Yeo JS. Melanin-based structural coloration of birds and its biomimetic applications. Appl Microsc 2021; 51:14. [PMID: 34633588 PMCID: PMC8505553 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-021-00063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin has been a widely researched pigment by scientists for decades as it is undoubtedly the most ubiquitous and ancient pigment found in nature. Melanin plays very significant roles in structural plumage colors in birds: it has visible light-absorbing capabilities, and nanoscale structures can be formed by self-assembling melanin granules. Herein, we review recent progress on melanin-based structural coloration research. We hope that this review will provide current understanding of melanin's structural and optical properties, natural coloration mechanisms, and biomimetic methods to implement artificial melanin-based structural colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Jin Jeon
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Suejeong Paik
- 39 Yeonhui-ro 22-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03723, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmuk Ji
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Souk Yeo
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Okoshi T, Iwasaki T, Takahashi S, Iwasaki Y, Kishikawa K, Kohri M. Control of Structural Coloration by Natural Sunlight Irradiation on a Melanin Precursor Polymer Inspired by Skin Tanning. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1730-1738. [PMID: 33730848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural melanin affects the reflection and absorption of light, and it is known as an important element in producing bright structural colors in nature. In this study, we prepared core-shell particles using a melanin precursor polymer, that is, polytyrosine (PTy), as a shell layer by the oxidative polymerization of tyrosine ethyl ester (Ty) in the presence of cerium oxide (CeO2) core particles. Inspired by skin tanning, irradiating the CeO2@PTy core-shell particles with UV or natural sunlight caused melanization by extending the π-conjugated length of PTy, producing colloidal particles with the ability to absorb light. The pellet samples consisting of CeO2@PTy particles appeared whitish because of multiple scattered light. In contrast, the light absorption capacity of CeO2@PTy UV or CeO2@PTy Sun particles after light irradiation suppressed scattered light, dramatically improving the visibility of the structural color of the pellet samples made from these particles. Thus, a new method has been developed to control the visualization of structural colors to the human eye by irradiating the melanin precursor polymer with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Okoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Banknote Department, Head Office, National Printing Bureau, 2-2-5 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8445, Japan
| | - Shimon Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- ORDIST, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-0836, Japan.,Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-0836, Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Michinari Kohri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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18
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Kohri M. Progress in polydopamine-based melanin mimetic materials for structural color generation. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 21:833-848. [PMID: 33536837 PMCID: PMC7832497 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1852057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural color is a color derived from optical interaction between light and a microstructure and is often seen in nature. Natural melanin plays an important role in bright structural coloration. For example, the vivid colors of peacock feathers are due to structural colors. The periodic arrangement of melanin granules inside the feathers leads to light interference, and the black granules absorb scattered light well, resulting in bright structural color. In recent years, polydopamine (PDA) has attracted attention as a melanin mimetic material. This review article summarizes recent research on structural coloration using PDA-based artificial melanin materials. It also outlines possible applications using bright structural colors realized by artificial melanin materials and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Kohri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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19
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Kohri M, Kobayashi A, Okoshi T, Shirasawa H, Hirai K, Ujiie K, Kojima T, Kishikawa K. Bright Solvent Sensor Using an Inverse Opal Structure Containing Melanin-mimicking Polydopamine. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Kohri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Akari Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Okoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirasawa
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keita Hirai
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ujiie
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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20
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21
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Iwasaki T, Harada S, Okoshi T, Moriya M, Kojima T, Kishikawa K, Kohri M. Effect of the Polydopamine Composite Method on Structural Coloration: Comparison of Binary and Unary Assembly of Colloidal Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11880-11887. [PMID: 32931294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanin influences light reflection and absorption and is known to be one of the elements producing structural color, such as that in the feathers of birds. In this study, we used polydopamine (PDA), an artificial melanin, as a light-absorbing material and examined in detail the effect of its composite method on the structural color. The following two composite methods were investigated using cerium(IV) oxide (CeO2) particles as a core particle: binary coassembly of CeO2 and PDA particles and unary assembly of CeO2@PDA core-shell particles. Although both methods dramatically improved the visibility of the structural color by suppressing the scattered light owing to the light absorption capability of the PDA, there was a difference in the particle arrangement, angle dependence of the structural color, and color tone change. By selecting the PDA composite method, the guidelines for providing high visibility and the desired structural color were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Banknote Department, Head Office, National Printing Bureau, 2-2-5 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8445, Japan
| | - Shotaro Harada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Okoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Miyu Moriya
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Michinari Kohri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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22
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Kohri M. Biomimetic Structural Color Materials Based on Artificial Melanin Particles. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Liu X, Pan X, Debije MG, Heuts JPA, Mulder DJ, Schenning APHJ. Programmable liquid crystal elastomer microactuators prepared via thiol-ene dispersion polymerization. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4908-4911. [PMID: 32452499 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00817f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Narrowly dispersed, 10 micron-sized, liquid crystalline elastomer polymer actuators were first prepared via thiol-ene dispersion polymerization and then embedded and stretched in a polyvinyl alcohol film, followed by photopolymerization of the residual acrylate groups. Prolate micro spheroids in which the mesogens are aligned parallel to the long axis were obtained and showed reversible thermally driven actuation owing to nematic to isotropic transition of the liquid crystal molecules. The particles were also compressed to form disk-shaped oblate microactuators in which the mesogens are aligned perpendicular to the short axis, demonstrating that the reported method is a versatile method to fabricate liquid crystal elastomer microactuators with programmable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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24
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Li W, Wang Z, Xiao M, Miyoshi T, Yang X, Hu Z, Liu C, Chuang SSC, Shawkey MD, Gianneschi NC, Dhinojwala A. Mechanism of UVA Degradation of Synthetic Eumelanin. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4593-4601. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Yang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | | | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Steven S. C. Chuang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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25
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Naoi Y, Seki T, Ohnuki R, Yoshioka S, Takeoka Y. Characterization of Colloidal Amorphous Arrays Prepared by Uniaxial Pressure Application. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13983-13990. [PMID: 31573818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a colloidal amorphous array by applying uniaxial pressure to a powder of monodispersed colloidal silica particles. Pellet-shaped samples were obtained that exhibit different structural colors depending on the diameter of the particles. We characterized the optical properties of the arrays by measuring the angle-dependent scattering spectrum wherein several spectral peaks were observed. The peak at the longest wavelength was caused by the short-range order of the particle arrangement. Interestingly, this peak exhibited a smaller shift in wavelength than that observed in similar samples prepared by several different methods. The other spectral peaks were thought to originate from Mie scattering, which produces a color when the diameter of the colloidal particles is appropriately chosen. Our results showed that uniaxial pressure application can be a suitable method to prepare structurally colored pigments with low angle dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Naoi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ohnuki
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki , Noda 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki , Noda 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Yukikazu Takeoka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
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