1
|
Pylkkänen R, Maaheimo H, Liljeström V, Mohammadi P, Penttilä M. Glycoside Phosphorylase Catalyzed Cellulose and β-1,3-Glucan Synthesis Using Chromophoric Glycosyl Acceptors. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5048-5057. [PMID: 39025475 PMCID: PMC11322998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Glycoside phosphorylases are enzymes that are frequently used for polysaccharide synthesis. Some of these enzymes have broad substrate specificity, enabling the synthesis of reducing-end-functionalized glucan chains. Here, we explore the potential of glycoside phosphorylases in synthesizing chromophore-conjugated polysaccharides using commercially available chromophoric model compounds as glycosyl acceptors. Specifically, we report cellulose and β-1,3-glucan synthesis using 2-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside, 4-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside, and 2-methoxy-4-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl β-d-glucopyranoside with Clostridium thermocellum cellodextrin phosphorylase and Thermosipho africanus β-1,3-glucan phosphorylase as catalysts. We demonstrate activity for both enzymes with all assayed chromophoric acceptors and report the crystallization-driven precipitation and detailed structural characterization of the synthesized polysaccharides, i.e., their molar mass distributions and various structural parameters, such as morphology, fibril diameter, lamellar thickness, and crystal form. Our results provide insights for the studies of chromophore-conjugated low molecular weight polysaccharides, glycoside phosphorylases, and the hierarchical assembly of crystalline cellulose and β-1,3-glucan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pylkkänen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., FI-02044 VTT, Finland
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Hannu Maaheimo
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Ville Liljeström
- Nanomicroscopy
Center, OtaNano, Aalto University, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Pezhman Mohammadi
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., FI-02044 VTT, Finland
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhong C, Nidetzky B. Bottom-Up Synthesized Glucan Materials: Opportunities from Applied Biocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400436. [PMID: 38514194 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Linear d-glucans are natural polysaccharides of simple chemical structure. They are comprised of d-glucosyl units linked by a single type of glycosidic bond. Noncovalent interactions within, and between, the d-glucan chains give rise to a broad variety of macromolecular nanostructures that can assemble into crystalline-organized materials of tunable morphology. Structure design and functionalization of d-glucans for diverse material applications largely relies on top-down processing and chemical derivatization of naturally derived starting materials. The top-down approach encounters critical limitations in efficiency, selectivity, and flexibility. Bottom-up approaches of d-glucan synthesis offer different, and often more precise, ways of polymer structure control and provide means of functional diversification widely inaccessible to top-down routes of polysaccharide material processing. Here the natural and engineered enzymes (glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases and phosphorylases, glycosynthases) for d-glucan polymerization are described and the use of applied biocatalysis for the bottom-up assembly of specific d-glucan structures is shown. Advanced material applications of the resulting polymeric products are further shown and their important role in the development of sustainable macromolecular materials in a bio-based circular economy is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, Graz, 8010, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suehiro F, Hata Y, Sawada T, Serizawa T. Freeze-Dryable, Stable, and Click-Reactive Nanoparticles Composed of Cello-oligosaccharides for Biomolecular Sensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4007-4016. [PMID: 38739554 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been widely used as platforms for biomolecular sensing because of their high specific surface area and attractive properties depending on their constituents and structures. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to develop nanoparticulate sensing platforms that are easily storable without aggregation and conjugatable with various ligands in a simple manner. Herein, we demonstrate that nanoparticulate assemblies of cello-oligosaccharides with terminal azido groups are promising candidates. Azidated cello-oligosaccharides can be readily synthesized via the enzyme-catalyzed oligomerization reaction. This study characterized the assembled structures of azidated cello-oligosaccharides produced during the enzymatic synthesis and revealed that the terminal azidated cello-oligosaccharides formed rectangular nanosheet-shaped lamellar crystals. The azido groups located on the nanosheet surfaces were successfully exploited for antigen conjugation via the click chemistry. The resultant antigen-conjugated nanosheets allowed for the quantitative and specific detection of a corresponding antibody, even in 10% serum, owing to the antifouling properties of cello-oligosaccharide assemblies against proteins. It was found that the functionalized nanosheets were redispersible in water after freeze-drying. This remarkable characteristic is attributed to the well-hydrated saccharide residues on the nanosheet surfaces. Moreover, the antibody detection capability did not decline after the thermal treatment of the functionalized nanosheets in a freeze-dried state. Our findings contribute to developing convenient nanoparticulate biomolecular sensing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Suehiro
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song J, Li Q, Miao W, You C, Wang Z. In situ preparation and properties of polyvinyl alcohol/synthetic ribbon-like nanocellulose composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127517. [PMID: 37865355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach in which a dual network (DN) composite, comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ribbon-like nanocellulose (RC), was synthesized in one step using the volume exclusion effect involved in enzyme-catalyzed cellulose synthesis. Additionally, the impact of PVA as a crowding reagent during enzymatic catalysis on the in situ formation of nanocellulose and its resulting aspect ratio was explored. In contrast, the other two composites were created by incorporating enzyme-catalyzed synthetic block cellulose (BC) and its acid-hydrolyzed regenerated disc-shaped cellulose (DC) into the PVA. Subsequently, the mechanism by which three distinct types of nanocellulose, varying in morphology and size, was explored to elucidate their contributions to enhancing the properties of PVA. The results demonstrated that PVA/RC outperformed PVA/BC and PVA/DC. The elevated aspect ratio and intricate network structure of RCs not only significantly bolster the mechanical robustness of PVA/RC, leading in an 86.40 % surge in tensile strength and a remarkable 277.03 % rise in tensile modulus in comparison to pure PVA, but also induce a slight enhancement in elongation at break. Moreover, the thermal stability and biodegradability of PVA/RC was enhanced. Collectively, this study introduces an innovative strategy for the efficient fabrication of biodegradable composites with enhanced properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Song
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qiangzi Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PR China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Weijun Miao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Chun You
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PR China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, PR China.
| | - Zongbao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Serizawa T, Yamaguchi S, Amitani M, Ishii S, Tsuyuki H, Tanaka Y, Sawada T, Kawamura I, Watanabe G, Tanaka M. Alkyl chain length-dependent protein nonadsorption and adsorption properties of crystalline alkyl β-celluloside assemblies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Zhong C, Zajki-Zechmeister K, Nidetzky B. Effect of ionic liquid on the enzymatic synthesis of cello-oligosaccharides and their assembly into cellulose materials. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
7
|
Rai R, Dhar P. Biomedical engineering aspects of nanocellulose: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:362001. [PMID: 35576914 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6fef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable biopolymer in nature and is present as major constituent in both plant cell walls as well as synthesized by some microorganisms as extracellular products. In both the systems, cellulose self-assembles into a hierarchical ordered architecture to form micro to nano-fibrillated structures, on basis of which it is classified into various forms. Nanocellulose (NCs) exist as rod-shaped highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to high aspect ratio cellulose nanofibers, micro-fibrillated cellulose and bacterial cellulose (BC), depending upon the origin, structural and morphological properties. Moreover, NCs have been processed into diversified products ranging from composite films, coatings, hydrogels, aerogels, xerogels, organogels, rheological modifiers, optically active birefringent colored films using traditional-to-advanced manufacturing techniques. With such versatility in structure-property, NCs have profound application in areas of healthcare, packaging, cosmetics, energy, food, electronics, bioremediation, and biomedicine with promising commercial potential. Herein this review, we highlight the recent advancements in synthesis, fabrication, processing of NCs, with strategic chemical modification routes to tailor its properties for targeted biomedical applications. We also study the basic mechanism and models for biosynthesis of cellulose in both plant and microbial systems and understand the structural insights of NC polymorphism. The kinetics study for both enzymatic/chemical modifications of NCs and microbial growth behavior of BC under various reactor configurations are studied. The challenges associated with the commercial aspects as well as industrial scale production of pristine and functionalized NCs to meet the growing demands of market are discussed and prospective strategies to mitigate them are described. Finally, post chemical modification evaluation of biological and inherent properties of NC are important to determine their efficacy for development of various products and technologies directed for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rai
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Preparation and separation of pure spherical cellulose nanocrystals from microcrystalline cellulose by complex enzymatic hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:1-10. [PMID: 35031311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spherical cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), as a new and high value cellulose derivative, shows excellent application potential in many fields due to its special structure. The accurate and effective separation of pure spherical CNCs lays foundation for its further application. In this work, spherical CNCs were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with complex enzymes. In order to determine the optimal separation conditions of pure spherical CNCs, turbidity and Zeta potential were used to analyze the influence of pH on system stability, and the size and morphology of samples were characterized by DLS, AFM and SEM. The results showed that spherical CNCs with particle size of 24-76 nm can be separated from large particles with the help of alkali (pH = 9) dispersion and centrifugation speed of 3000 rpm. After three acid (pH = 4) washes, pure spherical CNCs were extracted and reducing sugars and enzyme proteins were removed. Compared with MCC, spherical CNCs had lower crystallinity but stronger reactivity and higher heat transfer. DTG results showed that the maximum weight loss temperature of spherical CNCs prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis was 309 °C.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bulmer GS, de Andrade P, Field RA, van Munster JM. Recent advances in enzymatic synthesis of β-glucan and cellulose. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108411. [PMID: 34392134 PMCID: PMC8425183 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up synthesis of β-glucans such as callose, fungal β-(1,3)(1,6)-glucan and cellulose, can create the defined compounds that are needed to perform fundamental studies on glucan properties and develop applications. With the importance of β-glucans and cellulose in high-profile fields such as nutrition, renewables-based biotechnology and materials science, the enzymatic synthesis of such relevant carbohydrates and their derivatives has attracted much attention. Here we review recent developments in enzymatic synthesis of β-glucans and cellulose, with a focus on progress made over the last five years. We cover the different types of biocatalysts employed, their incorporation in cascades, the exploitation of enzyme promiscuity and their engineering, and reaction conditions affecting the production as well as in situ self-assembly of (non)functionalised glucans. The recent achievements in the application of glycosyl transferases and β-1,4- and β-1,3-glucan phosphorylases demonstrate the high potential and versatility of these biocatalysts in glucan synthesis in both industrial and academic contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Bulmer
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jolanda M van Munster
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hata Y, Serizawa T. Robust Gels Composed of Self-Assembled Cello-oligosaccharide Networks. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hata Y, Serizawa T. Self-assembly of cellulose for creating green materials with tailor-made nanostructures. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3944-3966. [PMID: 33908581 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by living systems, biomolecules have been employed in vitro as building blocks for creating advanced nanostructured materials. In regard to nucleic acids, peptides, and lipids, their self-assembly pathways and resulting assembled structures are mostly encoded in their molecular structures. On the other hand, outside of its chain length, cellulose, a polysaccharide, lacks structural diversity; therefore, it is challenging to direct this homopolymer to controllably assemble into ordered nanostructures. Nevertheless, the properties of cellulose assemblies are outstanding in terms of their robustness and inertness, and these assemblies are attractive for constructing versatile materials. In this review article, we summarize recent research progress on the self-assembly of cellulose and the applications of assembled cellulose materials, especially for biomedical use. Given that cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, gaining control over cellulose assembly represents a promising route for producing green materials with tailor-made nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Vargová D, Chaube MA, Delbianco M. Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1981-2025. [PMID: 34386106 PMCID: PMC8353590 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence, length and substitution of a polysaccharide influence its physical and biological properties. Thus, sequence controlled polysaccharides are important targets to establish structure-properties correlations. Polymerization techniques and enzymatic methods have been optimized to obtain samples with well-defined substitution patterns and narrow molecular weight distribution. Chemical synthesis has granted access to polysaccharides with full control over the length. Here, we review the progress towards the synthesis of well-defined polysaccharides. For each class of polysaccharides, we discuss the available synthetic approaches and their current limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manishkumar A Chaube
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Serizawa T, Tanaka S, Sawada T. Control of parallel versus antiparallel molecular arrangements in crystalline assemblies of alkyl β-cellulosides. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:505-516. [PMID: 34090028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The precise control of parallel versus antiparallel molecular arrangements in synthetic assemblies of biorelated molecules is an attractive research focus from both scientific and technological viewpoints. However, little is known about cellulose-based synthetic assemblies. We hypothesized the existence of potential parameters, such as temperature, salt concentration, salt species, and solvent species, for controlling the molecular arrangement in assemblies of alkyl β-cellulosides with different alkyl chain lengths. EXPERIMENTAL The self-assembly of alkyl β-cellulosides was triggered by neutralization-induced water insolubilization. The crystal structures of the cellulose moieties in the assemblies were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements. The morphologies of the assemblies were also characterized by scanning electron, atomic force, and transmission electron microscopy. FINDINGS The temperature for the self-assembly, the concentration and species of inorganic salt in the self-assembly solution, and the solvent species (namely, the addition of water-miscible organic solvents into the self-assembly solution) strongly affected the molecular arrangement of the assemblies. The observations suggested that hydrophobic effects between the alkyl groups of the alkyl β-cellulosides and/or interactions of the alkyl β-cellulosides with solvent species were potential factors for controlling the molecular arrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Shoki Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhong C, Zajki-Zechmeister K, Nidetzky B. Reducing end thiol-modified nanocellulose: Bottom-up enzymatic synthesis and use for templated assembly of silver nanoparticles into biocidal composite material. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117772. [PMID: 33712130 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-polymer composites are important functional materials but structural control of their assembly is challenging. Owing to its crystalline internal structure and tunable nanoscale morphology, cellulose is promising polymer scaffold for templating such composite materials. Here, we show bottom-up synthesis of reducing end thiol-modified cellulose chains by iterative bi-enzymatic β-1,4-glycosylation of 1-thio-β-d-glucose (10 mM), to a degree of polymerization of ∼8 and in a yield of ∼41% on the donor substrate (α-d-glucose 1-phosphate, 100 mM). Synthetic cellulose oligomers self-assemble into highly ordered crystalline (cellulose allomorph II) material showing long (micrometers) and thin nanosheet-like morphologies, with thickness of 5-7 nm. Silver nanoparticles were attached selectively and well dispersed on the surface of the thiol-modified cellulose, in excellent yield (≥ 95%) and high loading efficiency (∼2.2 g silver/g thiol-cellulose). Examined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, surface-patterned nanoparticles show excellent biocidal activity. Bottom-up approach by chemical design to a functional cellulose nanocomposite is presented. Synthetic thiol-containing nanocellulose can expand the scope of top-down produced cellulose materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Krisztina Zajki-Zechmeister
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), 8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Q, Ma Z, Meng D, Sui X, You C. Facile biosynthesis of synthetic crystalline cellulose nanoribbon from maltodextrin through a minimized two-enzyme phosphorylase cascade and its application in emulsion. J Biotechnol 2021; 332:54-60. [PMID: 33785372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has many promising applications such as a green ingredient for Pickering emulsion. Traditional strategies to produce nanocellulose, which are acid or enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical methods on natural complicated cellulose, are hard to control and can result in significant pollutants during the processes. Herein, we demonstrated a facile and sustainable method for the biocatalytic production of insoluble synthetic crystalline cellulose nanoribbon (CCNR) from cheap maltodextrin by coupling α-glucan phosphorylase (αGP) and cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP) using cellobiose as a primer. And by optimizing the combination of different αGP and CDP, it turned out that the optimal enzyme combination is αGP from Thermotoga maritime and CDP from Clostridium thermocellum, in which CDP was attached to a family 9 cellulose-binding module. The product yield and degree of polymerization (DP) of insoluble synthetic CCNR was affected by the primer concentration at a fixed concentration of maltodextrin. After optimization of reaction conditions, the highest product yield of insoluble synthetic CCNR was 44.92 % and the highest DP of the insoluble synthetic CCNR was 24 from 50 g 1-1 maltodextrin. This insoluble synthetic CCNR can be used as a Pickering emulsions stabilizer, showing excellent emulsifiability. This study provides a promising alternative for cost-efficient production of insoluble synthetic CCNR which was used as a green emulsion stabilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangzi Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P.R. China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsheng Ma
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Meng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Sui
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China.
| | - Chun You
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P.R. China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Synthetic semicrystalline cellulose oligomers as efficient Pickering emulsion stabilizers. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117445. [PMID: 33357915 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose are promising Pickering emulsion stabilizers for being sustainable and non-toxic. In this work, semicrystalline cellulose oligomers (SCCO), which were synthesized from maltodextrin using cellobiose as primer by in vitro enzymatic biosystem, were exploited as stabilizers for oil-in-water Pickering emulsions. At first, the morphology, structure, thermal and rheological properties of SCCO suspensions were characterized, showing that SCCO had a sheet morphology and typical cellulose-Ⅱ structure with 56 % crystallinity. Then the kinetic stabilities of emulsions containing various amounts of SCCO were evaluated against external stress such as pH, ionic strength, and temperature. Noting that SCCO-Pickering emulsions exhibited excellent stabilities against changes in centrifugation, pH, ionic strengths, and temperatures, and it was also kinetically stable for up to 6 months. Both SCCO suspensions and their emulsions exhibited gel-like structures and shear-thinning behaviors. These results demonstrated great potential of SCCO to be applied as nanocellulosic emulsifiers in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
|
17
|
Nidetzky B, Zhong C. Phosphorylase-catalyzed bottom-up synthesis of short-chain soluble cello-oligosaccharides and property-tunable cellulosic materials. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 51:107633. [PMID: 32966861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-based materials are produced industrially in countless varieties via top-down processing of natural lignocellulose substrates. By contrast, cellulosic materials are only rarely prepared via bottom up synthesis and oligomerization-induced self-assembly of cellulose chains. Building up a cellulose chain via precision polymerization is promising, however, for it offers tunability and control of the final chemical structure. Synthetic cellulose derivatives with programmable material properties might thus be obtained. Cellodextrin phosphorylase (CdP; EC 2.4.1.49) catalyzes iterative β-1,4-glycosylation from α-d-glucose 1-phosphate, with the ability to elongate a diversity of acceptor substrates, including cellobiose, d-glucose and a range of synthetic glycosides having non-sugar aglycons. Depending on the reaction conditions leading to different degrees of polymerization (DP), short-chain soluble cello-oligosaccharides (COS) or insoluble cellulosic materials are formed. Here, we review the characteristics of CdP as bio-catalyst for synthetic applications and show advances in the enzymatic production of COS and reducing end-modified, tailored cellulose materials. Recent studies reveal COS as interesting dietary fibers that could provide a selective prebiotic effect. The bottom-up synthesized celluloses involve chains of DP ≥ 9, as precipitated in solution, and they form ~5 nm thick sheet-like crystalline structures of cellulose allomorph II. Solvent conditions and aglycon structures can direct the cellulose chain self-assembly towards a range of material architectures, including hierarchically organized networks of nanoribbons, or nanorods as well as distorted nanosheets. Composite materials are also formed. The resulting materials can be useful as property-tunable hydrogels and feature site-specific introduction of functional and chemically reactive groups. Therefore, COS and cellulose obtained via bottom-up synthesis can expand cellulose applications towards product classes that are difficult to access via top-down processing of natural materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hata Y, Kojima T, Maeda T, Sawada T, Serizawa T. pH‐Triggered Self‐Assembly of Cellulose Oligomers with Gelatin into a Double‐Network Hydrogel. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000187. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H121 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8550 Japan
| | - Tomoya Kojima
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H121 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8550 Japan
| | - Tohru Maeda
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H121 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8550 Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H121 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8550 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and TechnologyJapan Science and Technology Agency 4‐1‐8 Honcho Kawaguchi‐shi Saitama 332‐0012 Japan
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H121 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8550 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hata Y, Sawada T, Serizawa T. Confined Reduced Graphene Oxides as a Platform for DNA Sensing in Solutions Crowded with Biomolecules. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3210-3216. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ganguly K, Patel DK, Dutta SD, Shin WC, Lim KT. Stimuli-responsive self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs): Structures, functions, and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:456-469. [PMID: 32222290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have received a significant amount of attention from the researchers. It is used as a nanomaterial for various applications due to its excellent physiochemical properties for the last few decades. Self-assembly is a phenomenon where autonomous reorganization of randomly oriented species occurs elegantly. Self-assembly is responsible for the formation of the hierarchical cholesteric structure of CNCs. This process is highly influenced by several factors, such as the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles, intermolecular forces, and the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Various conventional experimental designs and molecular dynamics (MD) studies have been applied to determine the possible mechanism of self-assembly in CNCs. Different external factors, like pH, temperature, magnetic/electric fields, vacuum, also influence the self-assembly process in CNCs. Notably, better responses have been observed in CNCs-grafted polymer nanocomposites. These functionalized CNCs with stimuli-responsive self-assembly have immense practical applications in modern biotechnology and medicine. Herein, we have concisely discussed the mechanism of the self-assembled CNCs in the presence of different external factors such as pH, temperature, electric/magnetic fields, and their biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chul Shin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hata Y, Saito Y, Sawada T, Matsumoto H, Serizawa T. Assembly of reduced graphene oxides into a three-dimensional porous structure via confinement within robust cellulose oligomer networks. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38848-38854. [PMID: 35540195 PMCID: PMC9075990 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of nanomaterials into a networked superstructure is a strategy used to construct macroscopic porous materials having the functional properties of nanomaterials. However, because nanomaterials generally prefer densely packed assembled states owing to their high surface energies, the construction of a fine porous structure is still a challenge. In this study, we demonstrate the assembly of reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) into a fine porous structure via confinement within robust cellulose oligomer networks. The confinement of rGOs within cellulose oligomer networks was achieved in one step via the enzymatic synthesis of cellulose oligomers. When the resultant cellulose oligomer gels confining rGOs were reduced by hydrogen iodide, the robust cellulose oligomer networks served as a confinement space for rGOs, preventing excessive aggregation of the rGOs and thus encouraging their assembly into a fine porous structure. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the porous rGO materials could act as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Our strategy based on simple physical confinement will allow for the creation of functional porous materials with excellent nanomorphologies from various nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi-shi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hata Y, Fukaya Y, Sawada T, Nishiura M, Serizawa T. Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1778-1788. [PMID: 31501749 PMCID: PMC6720341 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline poly- and oligosaccharides such as cellulose can form extremely robust assemblies, whereas the construction of self-assembled materials from such molecules is generally difficult due to their complicated chemical synthesis and low solubility in solvents. Enzyme-catalyzed oligomerization-induced self-assembly has been shown to be promising for creating nanoarchitectured crystalline oligosaccharide materials. However, the controlled self-assembly into organized hierarchical structures based on a simple method is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that the use of organic solvents as small-molecule additives allows for control of the oligomerization-induced self-assembly of cellulose oligomers into hierarchical nanoribbon network structures. In this study, we dealt with the cellodextrin phosphorylase-catalyzed oligomerization of phosphorylated glucose monomers from ᴅ-glucose primers, which produce precipitates of nanosheet-shaped crystals in aqueous solution. The addition of appropriate organic solvents to the oligomerization system was found to result in well-grown nanoribbon networks. The organic solvents appeared to prevent irregular aggregation and subsequent precipitation of the nanosheets via solvation for further growth into the well-grown higher-order structures. This finding indicates that small-molecule additives provide control over the self-assembly of crystalline oligosaccharides for the creation of hierarchically structured materials with high robustness in a simple manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuka Fukaya
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masahito Nishiura
- DKS Co. Ltd., 5 Ogawaracho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 601-8391, Japan
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|