1
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Karchilakis G, Varlas S, Johnson EC, Norvilaite O, Farmer MAH, Sanderson G, Leggett GJ, Armes SP. Capturing Enzyme-Loaded Diblock Copolymer Vesicles Using an Aldehyde-Functionalized Hydrophilic Polymer Brush. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14086-14098. [PMID: 38934738 PMCID: PMC11238591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Compared to lipids, block copolymer vesicles are potentially robust nanocontainers for enzymes owing to their enhanced chemical stability, particularly in challenging environments. Herein we report that cis-diol-functional diblock copolymer vesicles can be chemically adsorbed onto a hydrophilic aldehyde-functional polymer brush via acetal bond formation under mild conditions (pH 5.5, 20 °C). Quartz crystal microbalance studies indicated an adsorbed amount, Γ, of 158 mg m-2 for vesicle adsorption onto such brushes, whereas negligible adsorption (Γ = 0.1 mg m-2) was observed for a control experiment conducted using a cis-diol-functionalized brush. Scanning electron microscopy and ellipsometry studies indicated a mean surface coverage of around 30% at the brush surface, which suggests reasonably efficient chemical adsorption. Importantly, such vesicles can be conveniently loaded with a model enzyme (horseradish peroxidase, HRP) using an aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly formulation. Moreover, the immobilized vesicles remained permeable toward small molecules while retaining their enzyme payload. The enzymatic activity of such HRP-loaded vesicles was demonstrated using a well-established colorimetric assay. In principle, this efficient vesicle-on-brush strategy can be applied to a wide range of enzymes and functional proteins for the design of next-generation immobilized nanoreactors for enzyme-mediated catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Karchilakis
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Oleta Norvilaite
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Matthew A. H. Farmer
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - George Sanderson
- GEO
Specialty Chemicals, Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire SO45 3ZG, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Leggett
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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2
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Niu B, Huang H, Zhang L, Tan J. Grafting Block Copolymer Nanoparticles to a Surface via Aqueous Photoinduced Polymerization-induced Self-Assembly at Room Temperature. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:577-585. [PMID: 38648524 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The creation of well-defined surface nanostructures is important for a diverse set of applications such as cell adhesion, superhydrophobic coating, and lithography. In this study, we describe a robust bottom-up method for surface functionalization that involves surface-initiated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) and the grafting of block copolymer nanoparticles to material surfaces via aqueous photoinduced polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA) at room temperature. Using silica nanoparticles as a model substrate, colloidal mesoscale hybrid assemblies with various morphologies were successfully prepared. The morphologies can be easily tuned by changing the lengths of macromolecular chain transfer agents and parameters of the silica nanoparticles. The surface-initiated photo-PISA approach can also be employed for other large-scale substrates such as silicon wafer. Taking advantage of mild reaction conditions of this method (room temperature, aqueous medium, and visible light), enzymatic deoxygenation was introduced to develop oxygen-tolerant surface-initiated photo-PISA that can fabricate well-defined nanostructures on large-scale substrates under open-to-air conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Niu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honggao Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Buksa H, Johnson EC, Chan DHH, McBride RJ, Sanderson G, Corrigan RM, Armes SP. Arginine-Functional Methacrylic Block Copolymer Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption onto a Model Planar Substrate. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2990-3000. [PMID: 38696732 PMCID: PMC11094727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the synthesis of a hydrophilic aldehyde-functional methacrylic polymer (Angew. Chem., 2021, 60, 12032-12037). Herein we demonstrate that such polymers can be reacted with arginine in aqueous solution to produce arginine-functional methacrylic polymers without recourse to protecting group chemistry. Careful control of the solution pH is essential to ensure regioselective imine bond formation; subsequent reductive amination leads to a hydrolytically stable amide linkage. This new protocol was used to prepare a series of arginine-functionalized diblock copolymer nanoparticles of varying size via polymerization-induced self-assembly in aqueous media. Adsorption of these cationic nanoparticles onto silica was monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance. Strong electrostatic adsorption occurred at pH 7 (Γ = 14.7 mg m-2), whereas much weaker adsorption occurred at pH 3 (Γ = 1.9 mg m-2). These findings were corroborated by electron microscopy, which indicated a surface coverage of 42% at pH 7 but only 5% at pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Buksa
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Derek H. H. Chan
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Rory J. McBride
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - George Sanderson
- GEO
Specialty Chemicals, Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire SO45 3ZG, U.K.
| | - Rebecca M. Corrigan
- School
of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K.
- The
Florey Institute for Host−Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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4
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Zhang S, Li R, An Z. Degradable Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Synthesized by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315849. [PMID: 38155097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) combines polymerization and in situ self-assembly of block copolymers in one system and has become a widely used method to prepare block copolymer nanoparticles at high concentrations. The persistence of polymers in the environment poses a huge threat to the ecosystem and represents a significant waste of resources. There is an urgent need to develop novel chemical approaches to synthesize degradable polymers. To meet with this demand, it is crucial to install degradability into PISA nanoparticles. Most recently, degradable PISA nanoparticles have been synthesized by introducing degradation mechanisms into either shell-forming or core-forming blocks. This Minireview summarizes the development in degradable block copolymer nanoparticles synthesized by PISA, including shell-degradable, core-degradable, and all-degradable nanoparticles. Future development will benefit from expansion of polymerization techniques with new degradation mechanisms and adaptation of high-throughput approaches for both PISA syntheses and degradation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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5
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Bowman JI, Eades CB, Vratsanos MA, Gianneschi NC, Sumerlin BS. Ultrafast Xanthate-Mediated Photoiniferter Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (PISA). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309951. [PMID: 37793989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a powerful technique for preparing block copolymer nanostructures. Recently, efforts have been focused on applying photochemistry to promote PISA due to the mild reaction conditions, low cost, and spatiotemporal control that light confers. Despite these advantages, chain-end degradation and long reaction times can mar the efficacy of this process. Herein, we demonstrate the use of ultrafast photoiniferter PISA to produce polymeric nanostructures. By exploiting the rapid photolysis of xanthates, near-quantitative monomer conversion can be achieved within five minutes to prepare micelles, worms, and vesicles at various core-chain lengths, concentrations, or molar compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared I Bowman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Cabell B Eades
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Maria A Vratsanos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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6
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Chaimueangchuen S, Frommer J, Ferguson CTJ, O’Reilly RK. Surface Hybridization Chain Reaction of Binary Mixture DNA-PEG Corona Nanostructures Produced by Low-Volume RAFT-Mediated Photopolymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2007-2013. [PMID: 37844270 PMCID: PMC10655036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA-polymer hybrids have been attracting interest as adaptable functional materials by combining the stability of polymers with DNA nanotechnology. Both research fields have in common the capacity to be precise, versatile, and tunable, a prerequisite for creating powerful tools which can be easily tailored and adapted for bio-related applications. However, the conjugation of hydrophilic DNA with hydrophobic polymers remains challenging. In recent years, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has attracted significant attention for constructing nano-objects of various morphologies owing to the one-step nature of the process, creating a beneficial method for the creation of amphiphilic DNA-polymer nanostructures. This process not only allows pure DNA-polymer-based systems to be produced but also enables the mixture of other polymeric species with DNA conjugates. Here, we present the first report of a DNA-PEG corona nano-object's synthesis without the addition of an external photoinitiator or photocatalyst via photo-PISA. Furthermore, this work shows the use of DNA-macroCTA, which was first synthesized using a solid-support method resulting in high yields, easy upscaling, and no need for HPLC purification. In addition, to the formation of DNA-polymer structures, increasing the nucleic acid loading of assemblies is of great importance. One of the most intriguing phenomena of DNA is the hybridization of single-stranded DNA with a second strand, increasing the nucleic acid content. However, hybridization of DNA in a particle corona may destabilize the nanomaterial due to the electrostatic repulsive force on the DNA corona. Here, we have investigated how changing the DNA volume fraction in hybrid DNA-polymer self-assembled material affects the morphology. Moreover, the effect of the corona composition on the stability of the system during the hybridization was studied. Additionally, the hybridization chain reaction was successfully applied as a new method to increase the amount of DNA on a DNA-based nano-object without disturbing the morphology achieving a fluorescence signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Frommer
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, University Rd W, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Calum T. J. Ferguson
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, University Rd W, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, University Rd W, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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7
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Qiu L, Han X, Xing C, Glebe U. Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly: An Emerging Tool for Generating Polymer-Based Biohybrid Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207457. [PMID: 36737834 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The combination of biomolecules and synthetic polymers provides an easy access to utilize advantages from both the synthetic world and nature. This is not only important for the development of novel innovative materials, but also promotes the application of biomolecules in various fields including medicine, catalysis, and water treatment, etc. Due to the rapid progress in synthesis strategies for polymer nanomaterials and deepened understanding of biomolecules' structures and functions, the construction of advanced polymer-based biohybrid nanostructures (PBBNs) becomes prospective and attainable. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA), as an efficient and versatile technique in obtaining polymeric nano-objects at high concentrations, has demonstrated to be an attractive alternative to existing self-assembly procedures. Those advantages induce the focus on the fabrication of PBBNs via the PISA technique. In this review, current preparation strategies are illustrated based on the PISA technique for achieving various PBBNs, including grafting-from and grafting-through methods, as well as encapsulation of biomolecules during and subsequent to the PISA process. Finally, advantages and drawbacks are discussed in the fabrication of PBBNs via the PISA technique and obstacles are identified that need to be overcome to enable commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Han
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Chengfen Xing
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Ulrich Glebe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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8
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Controlling Radical Polymerization with Biocatalysts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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9
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In situ encapsulation of biologically active ingredients into polymer particles by polymerization in dispersed media. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Ikkene D, Six JL, Ferji K. Progress in Aqueous Dispersion RAFT PISA. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Shirinichi F, Ibrahim T, Rodriguez M, Sun H. Assembling the best of two worlds: Biomolecule‐polymer nanoparticles via polymerization‐induced self‐assembly. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Shirinichi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering University of New Haven West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering University of New Haven West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Mia Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering University of New Haven West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering University of New Haven West Haven Connecticut USA
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12
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Theodorou A, Gounaris D, Voutyritsa E, Andrikopoulos N, Baltzaki CIM, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Rapid Oxygen-Tolerant Synthesis of Protein-Polymer Bioconjugates via Aqueous Copper-Mediated Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4241-4253. [PMID: 36067415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates usually requires extensive and costly deoxygenation procedures, thus limiting their availability and potential applications. In this work, we report the ultrafast synthesis of polymer-protein bioconjugates in the absence of any external deoxygenation via an aqueous copper-mediated methodology. Within 10 min and in the absence of any external stimulus such as light (which may limit the monomer scope and/or disrupt the secondary structure of the protein), a range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers could be successfully grafted from a BSA macroinitiator, yielding well-defined polymer-protein bioconjugates at quantitative yields. Our approach is compatible with a wide range of monomer classes such as (meth) acrylates, styrene, and acrylamides as well as multiple macroinitiators including BSA, BSA nanoparticles, and beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Notably, the synthesis of challenging protein-polymer-polymer triblock copolymers was also demonstrated, thus significantly expanding the scope of our strategy. Importantly, both lower and higher scale polymerizations (from 0.2 to 35 mL) were possible without compromising the overall efficiency and the final yields. This simple methodology paves the way for a plethora of applications in aqueous solutions without the need of external stimuli or tedious deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Dimitris Gounaris
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Errika Voutyritsa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Nicholas Andrikopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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13
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Thermoresponsive Polymer Assemblies: From Molecular Design to Theranostics Application. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202033. [PMID: 35212121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis has been increasingly utilized in reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Enz-RDRP) on account of its mildness, efficiency, and sustainability. In this Minireview we discuss the key roles enzymes play in RDRP, including their ATRPase, initiase, deoxygenation, and photoenzyme activities. We use selected examples to highlight applications of Enz-RDRP in surface brush fabrication, sensing, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and high-throughput synthesis. We also give our reflections on the challenges and future directions of this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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15
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Yuan B, Huang T, Lv X, Jiang L, Sun X, Zhang Y, Tang J. Bioenhanced Rapid Redox Initiation for RAFT Polymerization in the Air. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200218. [PMID: 35751146 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A well-controlled bioenhanced reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) in the presence of air is carried out by using glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, ascorbic acid (Asc acid), and ppm level of hemin. The catalytic concentration of hemin is employed to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )/Asc acid redox initiation, achieving rapid RAFT polymerization. Narrow molecular weight distributions and high monomer conversion (Ð as low as 1.09 at >95% conversion) are achieved within tens of minutes. Several kinds of monomers are used to verify the universal implication of the presented method. The influences of the pH and feed ratio of each component on the polymerization rate are assessed. Besides, a polymerization rate regulation is realized by managing Asc acid addition. This work significantly increases the rate of redox-initiated GOx-deoxygen RAFT polymerization by using simple and green reactants, facilitating the application of RAFT polymerization in areas such as biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lv
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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16
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Zhu C, Nicolas J. (Bio)degradable and Biocompatible Nano-Objects from Polymerization-Induced and Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3043-3080. [PMID: 35707964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) techniques have emerged as powerful approaches to produce a broad range of advanced synthetic nano-objects with high potential in biomedical applications. PISA produces nano-objects of different morphologies (e.g., spheres, vesicles and worms), with high solids content (∼10-50 wt %) and without additional surfactant. CDSA can finely control the self-assembly of block copolymers and readily forms nonspherical crystalline nano-objects and more complex, hierarchical assemblies, with spatial and dimensional control over particle length or surface area, which is typically difficult to achieve by PISA. Considering the importance of these two assembly techniques in the current scientific landscape of block copolymer self-assembly and the craze for their use in the biomedical field, this review will focus on the advances in PISA and CDSA to produce nano-objects suitable for biomedical applications in terms of (bio)degradability and biocompatibility. This review will therefore discuss these two aspects in order to guide the future design of block copolymer nanoparticles for future translation toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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17
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Aydogan C, Yilmaz G, Shegiwal A, Haddleton DM, Yagci Y. Photoinduced Controlled/Living Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117377. [PMID: 35128771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The application of photochemistry in polymer synthesis is of interest due to the unique possibilities offered compared to thermochemistry, including topological and temporal control, rapid polymerization, sustainable low-energy processes, and environmentally benign features leading to established and emerging applications in adhesives, coatings, adaptive manufacturing, etc. In particular, the utilization of photochemistry in controlled/living polymerizations often offers the capability for precise control over the macromolecular structure and chain length in addition to the associated advantages of photochemistry. Herein, the latest developments in photocontrolled living radical and cationic polymerizations and their combinations for application in polymer syntheses are discussed. This Review summarizes and highlights recent studies in the emerging area of photoinduced controlled/living polymerizations. A discussion of mechanistic details highlights differences as well as parallels between different systems for different polymerization methods and monomer applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ataulla Shegiwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David M Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Aydogan C, Yilmaz G, Shegiwal A, Haddleton DM, Yagci Y. Photoinduced Controlled/Living Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ataulla Shegiwal
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
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19
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Wan J, Fan B, Thang SH. RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA): current status and future directions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4192-4224. [PMID: 35509470 PMCID: PMC9006902 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) combines polymerization and self-assembly in a single step with distinct efficiency that has set it apart from the conventional solution self-assembly processes. PISA holds great promise for large-scale production, not only because of its efficient process for producing nano/micro-particles with high solid content, but also thanks to the facile control over the particle size and morphology. Since its invention, many research groups around the world have developed new and creative approaches to broaden the scope of PISA initiations, morphologies and applications, etc. The growing interest in PISA is certainly reflected in the increasing number of publications over the past few years, and in this review, we aim to summarize these recent advances in the emerging aspects of RAFT-mediated PISA. These include (1) non-thermal initiation processes, such as photo-, enzyme-, redox- and ultrasound-initiation; the achievements of (2) high-order structures, (3) hybrid materials and (4) stimuli-responsive nano-objects by design and adopting new monomers and new processes; (5) the efforts in the realization of upscale production by utilization of high throughput technologies, and finally the (6) applications of current PISA nano-objects in different fields and (7) its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Bo Fan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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20
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Zhou S, Zeng M, Liu Y, Sui X, Yuan J. Stimuli-Responsive Pickering Emulsions Regulated via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200010. [PMID: 35393731 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the development of reversible deactivated radical polymerization techniques, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is emerging as a facile method to prepare block copolymer nanoparticles in situ with high concentrations, providing wide potential applications in different fields, including nanomedicine, coatings, nanomanufacture, and Pickering emulsions. Polymeric emulsifiers synthesized by PISA have many advantages comparing with conventional nanoparticle emulsifiers. The morphologies, size, and amphiphilicity can be readily regulated via the synthetic process, post-modification, and external stimuli. By introducing stimulus responsiveness into PISA nanoparticles, Pickering emulsions stabilized with these nanoparticles can be endowed with "smart" behaviors. The emulsions can be regulated in reversible emulsification and demulsification. In this review, the authors focus on recent progress on Pickering emulsions stabilized by PISA nanoparticles with stimuli-responsiveness. The factors affecting the stability of emulsions during emulsification and demulsification are discussed in details. Furthermore, some viewpoints for preparing stimuli-responsive emulsions and their applications in antibacterial agents, diphase reaction platforms, and multi-emulsions are discussed as well. Finally, the future developments and applications of stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions stabilized by PISA nanoparticles are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhou
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sui
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Zhang Q, Wang R, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Block Copolymer Vesicles with Tunable Membrane Thicknesses and Compositions Prepared by Aqueous Seeded Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly at Room Temperature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2699-2710. [PMID: 35176211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer vesicles with diverse functionalities and intrinsic hollow structures have received considerable attention due to their broad applications in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, bioimaging, theranostics, gene therapy, etc. However, efficient preparation of block copolymer vesicles with tunable membrane thicknesses and compositions under mild conditions is still a challenge. Herein, we report an aqueous seeded photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA) for the precise preparation of block copolymer vesicles at room temperature. By changing the total degree of polymerization (DP) of the hydrophobic block in seeded photo-PISA, one can easily tune the membrane thickness without compromising the morphology of vesicles. Moreover, by adding different comonomers such as hydrophobic monomers, hydrophilic monomers, and cross-linkers into seeded photo-PISA, vesicles with different compositions could be prepared without compromising the morphology and colloidal stability. Polymerization kinetics show that seeded photo-PISA can skip the step of in situ self-assembly with a short homogeneous polymerization stage being observed. To demonstrate potential biological applications, enzymatic nanoreactors were constructed by loading horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inside vesicles via seeded photo-PISA. The enzymatic properties of these nanoreactors could be easily regulated by changing the membrane thickness and hydrophobicity. It is expected that this method can provide a facile platform for the precise preparation of block copolymer vesicles that may find applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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22
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An Z, Li R, Kong W. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng An
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Weina Kong
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
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23
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Cumming J, Deane OJ, Armes SP. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization of 4-Hydroxybutyl Acrylate Produces Highly Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Nano-Objects. Macromolecules 2022; 55:788-798. [PMID: 35431331 PMCID: PMC9007527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) using a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) precursor is an important prototypical example of polymerization-induced self-assembly. 4-Hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA) is a structural isomer of HPMA, but the former monomer exhibits appreciably higher aqueous solubility. For the two corresponding homopolymers, PHBA is more weakly hydrophobic than PHPMA. Moreover, PHBA has a significantly lower glass transition temperature (T g) so it exhibits much higher chain mobility than PHPMA at around ambient temperature. In view of these striking differences, we have examined the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of HBA using a PGMA precursor with the aim of producing a series of PGMA57-300-PHBA100-1580 diblock copolymer nano-objects by systematic variation of the mean degree of polymerization of each block. A pseudo-phase diagram is constructed using transmission electron microscopy to assign the copolymer morphology after employing glutaraldehyde to cross-link the PHBA chains and hence prevent film formation during grid preparation. The thermoresponsive character of the as-synthesized linear nano-objects is explored using dynamic light scattering and temperature-dependent rheological measurements. Comparison with the analogous PGMA x -PHPMA y formulation is made where appropriate. In particular, we demonstrate that replacing the structure-directing PHPMA block with PHBA leads to significantly greater thermoresponsive behavior over a much wider range of diblock copolymer compositions. Given that PGMA-PHPMA worm gels can induce stasis in human stem cells (see Canton et al., ACS Central Science, 2016, 2, 65-74), our findings are likely to have implications for the design of next-generation PGMA-PHBA worm gels for cell biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana
M. Cumming
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Oliver J. Deane
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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24
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Jia S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J. Polymers with multiple functions: α,ω-macromolecular photoinitiators/chain transfer agents used in aqueous photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of α,ω-functionalized polymers with a photoinitiator end group and a RAFT end group were synthesized and employed as macromolecular photoinitiators/chain transfer agents in aqueous photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jia
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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25
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Niu B, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly: recent developments and future opportunities. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00180b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent developments in the preparation of organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials via polymerization-induced self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Niu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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26
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Yuan B, Huang T, Wang X, Ding Y, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Tang J. Oxygen-Tolerant RAFT Polymerization Catalyzed by a Recyclable Biomimetic Mineralization Enhanced Biological Cascade System. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100559. [PMID: 34713523 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme cascade system including glucose oxidase (GOx) and iron porphyrin (DhHP-6) is encapsulated in a metal-organic framework called zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) through one-step facile synthesis. The composite (GOx&DhHP-6@ZIF-8) is then used to initiate oxygen-tolerant reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization for different methacrylate monomers, such as 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (Mn = 500 g mol-1 ). The composite shows the robustness toward solvent and temperatures, all polymerizations using above monomers and catalyzing by GOx&DhHP-6@ZIF-8 exhibits high monomer conversion (>85%) and narrow molar mass dispersity (<1.3). Besides, acrylic and acrylamide monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and N,N-dimethylacrylamide are also carried to demonstrate the broad applicability. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance characterization and chain extension experiments confirm the retaining end groups of the resultant polymers, which is a significant feature of living polymerization. More importantly, the process of recycling the composite through a centrifuge is simplistic, and the composite still maintains similar activity compared to the original composites after five times. This low-cost and easily separated composite catalyst represents a versatile strategy to synthesize well-defined functional polymers suitable for industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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27
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Guo C, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Tang X. Asymmetric polymersomes, from the formation of asymmetric membranes to the application on drug delivery. J Control Release 2021; 338:422-445. [PMID: 34496272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nano drug delivery systems have attracted researchers' growing attention and are gradually emerging into the public views. More and more nano-formulations are being approved for marketing or clinical use, representing the field's booming development. Copolymer self-assembly systems such as micelles, nanoparticles, polymersomes occupy a prominent position in the field of nano-drug delivery carriers. Among them, polymersomes, unlike micelles or nanoparticles, resemble liposomes' structure and possess large internal hollow hydrophilic reservoirs, allowing them to carry hydrophilic drugs. Nevertheless, their insufficient drug loading efficiency and unruly self-assembly morphology have somewhat constrained their applications. Especially for the delivery of biomacromolecule such as peptides, the encapsulation efficiency is always considered to be a formidable obstacle, even if the enormous hydrophilic core would render the polymersomes to have considerable potential in this regard. Reassuringly, the emergence of asymmetric polymersomes holds the prospect of solving this problem. With the development of synthetic technology and a deeper understanding of the self-assembly process, the asymmetric polymersomes which are with different inner and outer shell composition have been gradually recognized by researchers. It has made possible elevated drug loading, more controllable assembly processes and release performance. The internal hydrophilic blocks different from the outer shell could be engineered to have a more remarkable affinity to the cargos or could contain a non-watery aqueous phase to enable the thermodynamically preferred encapsulation of cargos, which would allow for a substantial improvement in drug encapsulation efficiency compared to the conventional approach. In this paper, we aim to deepen the understanding to asymmetric polymersomes and lay the foundation for the development of this field by describing four main elements: the mechanism of their preparation and asymmetric membrane formation process, the characterization of asymmetric membranes, the efficient drug loading, and the special stimulus-responsive release mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haoyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
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28
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Ikkene D, Arteni AA, Ouldali M, Francius G, Brûlet A, Six JL, Ferji K. Direct Access to Polysaccharide-Based Vesicles with a Tunable Membrane Thickness in a Large Concentration Window via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3128-3137. [PMID: 34137600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymersomes are multicompartmental vesicular nano-objects obtained by self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers. When prepared in the aqueous phase, they are composed of a hydrophobic bilayer enclosing water. Although such fascinating polymeric nano-objects have been widely reported with synthetic block copolymers, their formation from polysaccharide-based copolymers remains a significant challenge. In the present study, the powerful platform technology known as polymerization-induced self-assembly was used to prepare in situ pure vesicles from a polysaccharide-grafted copolymer: dextran-g-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (Dex-g-PHPMA). The growth of the PHPMA grafts was performed with a dextran-based macromolecular chain transfer agent in water at 20 °C using photomediated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization at 405 nm. Transmission electron microscopy, cryogenic electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering revealed that amphiphilic Dex-g-PHPMAX = 100-300 (X is the targeted average degree of polymerization, Xn̅, of each graft at full conversion) exhibit remarkable self-assembly behavior. On the one hand, vesicles were obtained over a wide range of solid concentrations (from 2.5% to 13.5% w/w), which can facilitate posterior targeting of such rare morphology. On the other hand, the extension of Xn̅ induces an increase in the vesicle membrane thickness, rather than a morphological evolution (spherical micelles to cylinders to vesicles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Djallal Ikkene
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Ana Andreea Arteni
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Cryo-electron Microscopy Facility, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, CRYOEM-Gif, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Malika Ouldali
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Cryo-electron Microscopy Facility, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, CRYOEM-Gif, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gregory Francius
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Annie Brûlet
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (UMR12 CEA, CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay Bât., 563 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Six
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Khalid Ferji
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
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29
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Li RY, An ZS. Photoenzymatic RAFT Emulsion Polymerization with Oxygen Tolerance. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Bellotti V, Simonutti R. New Light in Polymer Science: Photoinduced Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (PET-RAFT) as Innovative Strategy for the Synthesis of Advanced Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1119. [PMID: 33915928 PMCID: PMC8036437 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemistry has attracted great interest in the last decades in the field of polymer and material science for the synthesis of innovative materials. The merging of photochemistry and reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP) provides good reaction control and can simplify elaborate reaction protocols. These advantages open the doors to multidisciplinary fields going from composite materials to bio-applications. Photoinduced Electron/Energy Transfer Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, proposed for the first time in 2014, presents significant advantages compared to other photochemical techniques in terms of applicability, cost, and sustainability. This review has the aim of providing to the readers the basic knowledge of PET-RAFT polymerization and explores the new possibilities that this innovative technique offers in terms of industrial applications, new materials production, and green conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Simonutti
- Department of Materials Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milan, Italy;
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31
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Luo X, Zhao S, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Switching between Thermal Initiation and Photoinitiation Redirects RAFT-Mediated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Luo
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanzhi Zhao
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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32
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Huang J, Liu D, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Preparation of Block Copolymer Nano-Objects with Embedded β-Ketoester Functional Groups by Photoinitiated RAFT Dispersion Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000720. [PMID: 33538048 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a photoinitiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (AEMA) in ethanol/water at room temperature for in situ preparation of β-ketoester-functionalized block copolymer nano-objects is reported. AEMA is also copolymerized with isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) to improve the colloidal stability of PIBOMA-based block copolymer nano-objects prepared by photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization at low temperatures. A series of P(IBOMA-stat-AEMA)-based block copolymer nano-objects are prepared by changing reaction parameters. Finally, lanthanide-doped block copolymer nano-objects with luminescent and magnetic properties are also prepared based on the complexation of various lanthanide ions with the β-ketoester group. It is expected that the current study will provide a facile platform for the in situ preparation of β-ketoester-functionalized block copolymer nano-objects with different morphologies for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Cai WB, Liu DD, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan JB. Enzyme-assisted Photoinitiated Polymerization-induced Self-assembly in Continuous Flow Reactors with Oxygen Tolerance. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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34
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Abstract
This review summarizes the recent non-thermal initiation methods in RAFT mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA), including photo-, redox/oscillatory reaction-, enzyme- and ultrasound wave-initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nankai An
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- 100084 Beijing
- China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- 100084 Beijing
- China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- 100084 Beijing
- China
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35
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Ng G, Jung K, Li J, Wu C, Zhang L, Boyer C. Screening RAFT agents and photocatalysts to mediate PET-RAFT polymerization using a high throughput approach. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01258d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a high throughput approach for the screening of RAFT agents and photocatalysts to mediate photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervase Ng
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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36
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Yang L, Liang M, Cui C, Li X, Li L, Pan X, Yazd HS, Hong M, Lu J, Cao YC, Tan W. Enhancing the Nucleolytic Resistance and Bioactivity of Functional Nucleic Acids by Diverse Nanostructures through in Situ Polymerization-Induced Self-assembly. Chembiochem 2020; 22:754-759. [PMID: 33051959 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) are garnering tremendous interest owing to their high modularity and unique bioactivity. Three-dimensional FNAs have been developed to overcome the issues of nuclease degradation and limited cell uptake. We have developed a new facile approach to the synthesis of multiple three-dimensional FNA nanostructures by harnessing photo-polymerization-induced self-assembly. Sgc8 aptamer and CpG oligonucleotide were modified as macro chain-transfer reagents to mediate in situ polymerization and self-assembly. Diverse structures, including micelles, rods, and short worms, afford these two FNAs afford these two FNAs with higher nuclease resistance in serum serum, greater cellular uptake efficiency, and increased bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Mingwei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cheng Cui
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Long Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Hoda Safari Yazd
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Min Hong
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Y Charles Cao
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Tumor Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, P. R. China
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38
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Liu D, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Efficient Preparation of Branched Block Copolymer Assemblies by Photoinitiated RAFT Self-Condensing Vinyl Dispersion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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39
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Nothling MD, Fu Q, Reyhani A, Allison‐Logan S, Jung K, Zhu J, Kamigaito M, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Progress and Perspectives Beyond Traditional RAFT Polymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001656. [PMID: 33101866 PMCID: PMC7578854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced materials based on well-defined polymeric architectures is proving to be a highly prosperous research direction across both industry and academia. Controlled radical polymerization techniques are receiving unprecedented attention, with reversible-deactivation chain growth procedures now routinely leveraged to prepare exquisitely precise polymer products. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a powerful protocol within this domain, where the unique chemistry of thiocarbonylthio (TCT) compounds can be harnessed to control radical chain growth of vinyl polymers. With the intense recent focus on RAFT, new strategies for initiation and external control have emerged that are paving the way for preparing well-defined polymers for demanding applications. In this work, the cutting-edge innovations in RAFT that are opening up this technique to a broader suite of materials researchers are explored. Emerging strategies for activating TCTs are surveyed, which are providing access into traditionally challenging environments for reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. The latest advances and future perspectives in applying RAFT-derived polymers are also shared, with the goal to convey the rich potential of RAFT for an ever-expanding range of high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D. Nothling
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment (CTWW)School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Material ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoya464‐8603Japan
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
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40
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Lückerath T, Koynov K, Loescher S, Whitfield CJ, Nuhn L, Walther A, Barner‐Kowollik C, Ng DYW, Weil T. DNA-Polymer Nanostructures by RAFT Polymerization and Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15474-15479. [PMID: 32301556 PMCID: PMC7496909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures derived from amphiphilic DNA-polymer conjugates have emerged prominently due to their rich self-assembly behavior; however, their synthesis is traditionally challenging. Here, we report a novel platform technology towards DNA-polymer nanostructures of various shapes by leveraging polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) for polymerization from single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). A "grafting from" protocol for thermal RAFT polymerization from ssDNA under ambient conditions was developed and utilized for the synthesis of functional DNA-polymer conjugates and DNA-diblock conjugates derived from acrylates and acrylamides. Using this method, PISA was applied to manufacture isotropic and anisotropic DNA-polymer nanostructures by varying the chain length of the polymer block. The resulting nanostructures were further functionalized by hybridization with a dye-labelled complementary ssDNA, thus establishing PISA as a powerful route towards intrinsically functional DNA-polymer nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Lückerath
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Sebastian Loescher
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryFreiburg UniversityStefan Meier Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)Georges-Köhler-Allee 10579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Colette J. Whitfield
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryFreiburg UniversityStefan Meier Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)Georges-Köhler-Allee 10579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetQLD4000BrisbaneAustralia
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engersserstraße 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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41
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Lückerath T, Koynov K, Loescher S, Whitfield CJ, Nuhn L, Walther A, Barner‐Kowollik C, Ng DYW, Weil T. DNA‐Polymer‐Nanostrukturen durch RAFT‐Polymerisation und polymerisationsinduzierte Selbstassemblierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Lückerath
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Loescher
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Universität Freiburg Stefan Meier Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für Interaktive Werkstoffe und Bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Colette J. Whitfield
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Universität Freiburg Stefan Meier Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für Interaktive Werkstoffe und Bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
- Makromolekulare Architekturen Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Tanja Weil
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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42
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Cheng X, Miao T, Qian Y, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhu X. Supramolecular Chirality in Azobenzene-Containing Polymer System: Traditional Postpolymerization Self-Assembly Versus In Situ Supramolecular Self-Assembly Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6186. [PMID: 32867119 PMCID: PMC7503415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the design of novel supramolecular chiral materials has received a great deal of attention due to rapid developments in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and molecular self-assembly. Supramolecular chirality has been widely introduced to polymers containing photoresponsive azobenzene groups. On the one hand, supramolecular chiral structures of azobenzene-containing polymers (Azo-polymers) can be produced by nonsymmetric arrangement of Azo units through noncovalent interactions. On the other hand, the reversibility of the photoisomerization also allows for the control of the supramolecular organization of the Azo moieties within polymer structures. The construction of supramolecular chirality in Azo-polymeric self-assembled system is highly important for further developments in this field from both academic and practical points of view. The postpolymerization self-assembly strategy is one of the traditional strategies for mainly constructing supramolecular chirality in Azo-polymers. The in situ supramolecular self-assembly mediated by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a facile one-pot approach for the construction of well-defined supramolecular chirality during polymerization process. In this review, we focus on a discussion of supramolecular chirality of Azo-polymer systems constructed by traditional postpolymerization self-assembly and PISA-mediated in situ supramolecular self-assembly. Furthermore, we will also summarize the basic concepts, seminal studies, recent trends, and perspectives in the constructions and applications of supramolecular chirality based on Azo-polymers with the hope to advance the development of supramolecular chirality in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.C.); (T.M.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
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43
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Zhang L, Xie L, Xu S, Kuchel RP, Dai Y, Jung K, Boyer C. Dual Role of Doxorubicin for Photopolymerization and Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3887-3897. [PMID: 32786533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report dual roles for doxorubicin (DOX), which can serve as an antitumor drug as well as a cocatalyst for a photoliving radical polymerization. DOX enhances the polymerization rates of a broad range of monomers, including acrylamide, acrylate, and methacrylates, allowing for high monomer conversion and well-defined molecular weights under irradiation with a blue light-emitting diode light (λmax = 485 nm, 2.2 mW/cm2). Utilizing this property, the photopolymerization of N,N-diethylacrylamide was performed in the presence of a poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate) macroreversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (macroRAFT) agent to prepare polymeric nanoparticles via aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). By varying the monomer:macroRAFT ratio, spherical polymeric nanoparticles of various diameters could be produced. Most notably, DOX was successfully encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of nanoparticles during the PISA process. The DOX-loaded nanoparticles were effectively uptaken into tumor cells and significantly inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, demonstrating that the DOX bioactivity was not affected by the polymerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lisi Xie
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China
| | - Sihao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rhiannon P Kuchel
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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44
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Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Timmins RL, Wilson OR, Magenau AJD. Arm‐first star‐polymer synthesis in one‐pot via alkylborane‐initiated
RAFT. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renee L. Timmins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA
| | - Olivia R. Wilson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA
| | - Andrew J. D. Magenau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA
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46
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Theodorou A, Liarou E, Haddleton DM, Stavrakaki IG, Skordalidis P, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Protein-polymer bioconjugates via a versatile oxygen tolerant photoinduced controlled radical polymerization approach. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1486. [PMID: 32198365 PMCID: PMC7083936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immense application potential of amphiphilic protein-polymer conjugates remains largely unexplored, as established "grafting from" synthetic protocols involve time-consuming, harsh and disruptive deoxygenation methods, while "grafting to" approaches result in low yields. Here we report an oxygen tolerant, photoinduced CRP approach which readily affords quantitative yields of protein-polymer conjugates within 2 h, avoiding damage to the secondary structure of the protein and providing easily accessible means to produce biomacromolecular assemblies. Importantly, our methodology is compatible with multiple proteins (e.g. BSA, HSA, GOx, beta-galactosidase) and monomer classes including acrylates, methacrylates, styrenics and acrylamides. The polymerizations are conveniently conducted in plastic syringes and in the absence of any additives or external deoxygenation procedures using low-organic content media and ppm levels of copper. The robustness of the protocol is further exemplified by its implementation under UV, blue light or even sunlight irradiation as well as in buffer, nanopure, tap or even sea water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Evelina Liarou
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Iren Georgia Stavrakaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Skordalidis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
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47
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Niu H, Li C, Guan Y, Dang Y, Li X, Fan Z, Shen J, Ma L, Guan J. High oxygen preservation hydrogels to augment cell survival under hypoxic condition. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:56-67. [PMID: 31954189 PMCID: PMC7098391 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising approach for ischemic tissue regeneration. However, high death rate of delivered cells under low oxygen condition, and poor cell retention in tissues largely limit the therapeutic efficacy. Using cell carriers with high oxygen preservation has potential to improve cell survival. To increase cell retention, cell carriers that can quickly solidify at 37 °C so as to efficiently immobilize the carriers and cells in the tissues are necessary. Yet there lacks cell carriers with these combined properties. In this work, we have developed a family of high oxygen preservation and fast gelation hydrogels based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) copolymers. The hydrogels were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of NIPAAm, acrylate-oligolactide (AOLA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and methacrylate-poly(ethylene glycol)-perfluorooctane (MAPEGPFC). The hydrogel solutions exhibited sol-gel temperatures around room temperature and were flowable and injectable at 4°C. They can quickly solidify (≤6 s) at 37°C to form flexible gels. These hydrogels lost 9.4~29.4% of their mass after incubation in Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) for 4 weeks. The hydrogels exhibited a greater oxygen partial pressure than DPBS after being transferred from a 21% O2 condition to a 1% O2 condition. When bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were encapsulated in the hydrogels and cultured under 1% O2, the cells survived and proliferated during the 14-day culture period. In contrast, the cells experienced extensive death in the control hydrogel that had low oxygen preservation capability. The hydrogels possessed excellent biocompatibility. The final degradation products did not provoke cell death even when the concentration was as high as 15 mg/ml, and the hydrogel implantation did not induce substantial inflammation. These hydrogels are promising as cell carriers for cell transplantation into ischemic tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stem cell therapy for ischemic tissues experiences low therapeutic efficacy largely due to poor cell survival under low oxygen condition. Using cell carriers with high oxygen preservation capability has potential to improve cell survival. In this work, we have developed a family of hydrogels with this property. These hydrogels promoted the encapsulated stem cell survival and growth under low oxygen condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Niu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ya Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yu Dang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhaobo Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 631310, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 631310, USA
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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48
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Gurnani P, Perrier S. Controlled radical polymerization in dispersed systems for biological applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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50
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Iqbal S, Blenner M, Alexander-Bryant A, Larsen J. Polymersomes for Therapeutic Delivery of Protein and Nucleic Acid Macromolecules: From Design to Therapeutic Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1327-1350. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Iqbal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Mark Blenner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Angela Alexander-Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jessica Larsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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