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Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu C, Fang L. Effect of Physicochemical Properties on the Basic Drug-Acid-Polymer Interactions and Miscibility in PVA Based Orodispersible Films. AAPS J 2024; 26:83. [PMID: 39009955 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Salts of weakly basic drugs can partially dissociate in formulations, to give basic drugs and counter acids. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of physicochemical properties on the basic drug-acid-polymer interactions and salt-polymer miscibility, and to explain the influence mechanism at the molecular level. Six maleate salts with different physicochemical properties were selected and PVA was used as the film forming material. The relationship between the physicochemical properties and the miscibility was presented with multiple linear regression analysis. The existence state of salts in formulations were determined by XRD and Raman imaging. The stability of salts was characterized by NMR and XPS. The intermolecular interactions were investigated by FTIR and NMR. The results showed that the salt-PVA miscibility was related to polar surface area of salts and Tg of free bases, which represented hydrogen bond interaction and solubility potential. The basic drug-acid-PVA intermolecular interactions determined the existence state and bonding pattern of the three molecules. Meanwhile, the decrease of the stability after formulation increased the number of free bases in orodispersible films, which in turn affected the miscibility with PVA. The study provided references for the rational design of PVA based orodispersible films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (Formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Karve T, Dandekar A, Agrahari V, Melissa Peet M, Banga AK, Doncel GF. Long-acting transdermal drug delivery formulations: Current developments and innovative pharmaceutical approaches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115326. [PMID: 38692457 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal administration remains an active research and development area as an alternative route for long-acting drug delivery. It avoids major drawbacks of conventional oral (gastrointestinal side effects, low drug bioavailability, and need for multiple dosing) or parenteral routes (invasiveness, pain, and psychological stress and bio-hazardous waste generated from needles), thereby increasing patient appeal and compliance. This review focuses on the current state of long-acting transdermal drug delivery, including adhesive patches, microneedles, and molecularly imprinted polymeric systems. Each subsection describes an approach including key considerations in formulation development, design, and process parameters with schematics. An overview of commercially available conventional (adhesive) patches for long-acting drug delivery (longer than 24 h), the reservoir- and matrix-type systems under preclinical evaluation, as well as the advanced transdermal formulations, such as the core-shell, nanoformulations-incorporated and stimuli-responsive microneedles, and 3D-printed and molecularly imprinted polymers that are in development, is also provided. Finally, we elaborated on translational aspects, challenges in patch formulation development, and future directions for the clinical advancement of new long-acting transdermal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Karve
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Amruta Dandekar
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Vivek Agrahari
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
| | - M Melissa Peet
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ajay K Banga
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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3
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Chen X, Li Z, Yang C, Yang D. Ionic liquids as the effective technology for enhancing transdermal drug delivery: Design principles, roles, mechanisms, and future challenges. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100900. [PMID: 38590797 PMCID: PMC10999516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proven to be an effective technology for enhancing drug transdermal absorption. However, due to the unique structural components of ILs, the design of efficient ILs and elucidation of action mechanisms remain to be explored. In this review, basic design principles of ideal ILs for transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) are discussed considering melting point, skin permeability, and toxicity, which depend on the molar ratios, types, functional groups of ions and inter-ionic interactions. Secondly, the contributions of ILs to the development of TDDS through different roles are described: as novel skin penetration enhancers for enhancing transdermal absorption of drugs; as novel solvents for improving the solubility of drugs in carriers; as novel active pharmaceutical ingredients (API-ILs) for regulating skin permeability, solubility, release, and pharmacokinetic behaviors of drugs; and as novel polymers for the development of smart medical materials. Moreover, diverse action mechanisms, mainly including the interactions among ILs, drugs, polymers, and skin components, are summarized. Finally, future challenges related to ILs are discussed, including underlying quantitative structure-activity relationships, complex interaction forces between anions, drugs, polymers and skin microenvironment, long-term stability, and in vivo safety issues. In summary, this article will promote the development of TDDS based on ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Degong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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4
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Song H, Liu C, Ruan J, Cai Y, Wang J, Wang X, Fang L. Rhamnose-PEG-induced supramolecular helices: Addressing challenges of drug solubility and release efficiency in transdermal patch. J Control Release 2024; 367:848-863. [PMID: 38355053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) demand both high drug loading capacity and efficient delivery. In order to improve both simultaneously, this study aims to develop a novel rhamnose-induced pressure-sensitive adhesive (HPR) by dispersing the drug in the supramolecular helical structure. Ten model drugs, categorized as acidic and basic compounds, were chosen to understand the characteristics of the HPR and its inner mechanism. Notably, it enhanced drug loading by 1.41 to 5 times over commercially available pressure-sensitive adhesives Duro-Tak@ 87-4098 and Duro-Tak@ 87-2287, in addition to increasing drug release efficiency by a factor of about 5. Pharmacokinetic evaluation demonstrated that the HPR group had >4-fold (Tulobuterol TUL) and 3-fold (Diclofenac DIC) more area under the blood drug concentration curve (AUC) than the commercial TUL and DIC patches in the absence of added excipients and a significantly prolonged mean residence time (MRT) of >4-fold (TUL) and 3-fold (DIC), demonstrating the potential for highly efficacious and prolonged dosing. Furthermore, its safety and mechanical properties meet the requisite standards. Mechanistic inquiries unveiled that both acidic and basic drugs establish hydrogen bonds with HPR and become encapsulated within supramolecular helical structures. The supramolecular helical structures, significantly elevated both the enthalpy of the drug-HPR and entropy of the drugs release, thereby substantially enhancing drug delivery efficiency. In summary, HPR enabled a significant simultaneous enhancement of drug loading and drug delivery, which, together with its unique spatial structure, would contribute to the development of TDDS. In addition, the establishment of rhamnose-induced supramolecular helical structures would provide innovative pathways for different drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiuheng Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 510100, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, 6Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 7Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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5
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Song H, Cai Y, Nan L, Liu J, Wang J, Wang X, Liu C, Guo J, Fang L. A Rhamnose-PEG-Modified Dendritic Polymer for Long-Term Efficient Transdermal Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9799-9815. [PMID: 38380628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a dendronized pressure-sensitive adhesive, TMPE@Rha, addressing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concerns about traditional pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) in transdermal drug delivery systems. The unique formulation, composed of rhamnose, trihydroxypropane, and poly(ethylene glycol), significantly enhances cohesion and tissue adhesion. Leveraging rhamnose improves intermolecular interactions and surface chain mobility, boosting tissue adhesion. Compared to acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive 87-DT-4098, TMPE@Rha shows substantial advantages, with up to 5 to 6 times higher peel strength on porcine and wood substrates. Importantly, it maintains strong human skin adhesion beyond 7 days without the typical "dark ring" phenomenon. When loaded with diclofenac, the adhesive exhibits 3.12 times greater peeling strength than commercial alternatives, sustaining human adhesion for up to 6 days. Rigorous analyses confirm rhamnose's role in increasing interaction strength. In vitro studies and microscopy demonstrate the polymer's ability to enhance drug loading and distribution on the skin, improving permeability. Biocompatibility tests affirm TMPE@Rha as nonirritating. In summary, TMPE@Rha establishes a new standard for PSAs in transdermal drug delivery systems, offering exceptional adhesion, robustness, and biocompatibility. This pioneering work provides a blueprint for next-generation, highly adhesive, drug-loaded PSAs that meet and exceed FDA criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Longyi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianpeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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6
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Nan L, Liu C, Song H, Wang X, Wang P, Fang L. Probing the mechanism of release process from metal coordination-based acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives: Synergistic effect of coordination and hydrogen bonding for controlled drug release. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123575. [PMID: 37926177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, and dipole-dipole interactions have been extensively studied to control drug release from patches. However, metal coordination bonding has not been fully explored for the control of transdermal drug release. In this study, metal coordination-based acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were designed and synthesized in order to systemically elucidate the effect of metal coordination on drug release from acrylic PSAs. Ketoprofen (KET) and donepezil (DNP) were selected as model drugs. Results showed that the burst release rate of KET was controlled by N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide (NAT) and Fe3+, while the DNP release rate had no significant changes. It was found that the PSA-drug interaction, rather than the molecular mobility of PSA, played a dominant role in the controlled release process of KET. The hydrogen bond interaction between NAT and KET controlled the release process, while the coordination bond interaction between Fe3+ and KET further slowed down the release of KET. In conclusion, it was found that the controlled release of KET was achieved by the synergistic effect of coordination bonding and hydrogen bonding, which opens up a facile but powerful avenue for the design of brand-new controlled release systems and new opportunities for their application in transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Haoyuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Machine Learning, Intelligent Instrumentation Development, College of Engineering, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Liang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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7
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Wong WF, Ang KP, Sethi G, Looi CY. Recent Advancement of Medical Patch for Transdermal Drug Delivery. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040778. [PMID: 37109736 PMCID: PMC10142343 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal patches are a non-invasive method of drug administration. It is an adhesive patch designed to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream throughout the body. Transdermal drug delivery has several advantages over other routes of administration, for instance, it is less invasive, patient-friendly, and has the ability to bypass first-pass metabolism and the destructive acidic environment of the stomach that occurs upon the oral ingestion of drugs. For decades, transdermal patches have attracted attention and were used to deliver drugs such as nicotine, fentanyl, nitroglycerin, and clonidine to treat various diseases or conditions. Recently, this method is also being explored as a means of delivering biologics in various applications. Here, we review the existing literatures on the design and usage of medical patches in transdermal drug delivery, with a focus on the recent advances in innovation and technology that led to the emergence of smart, dissolvable/biodegradable, and high-loading/release, as well as 3D-printed patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Ping Ang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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8
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Sun Y, Liu C, Ren S, Zhang Y, Ruan J, Fang L. Combination of ion-pair strategy and chemical enhancers for design of dexmedetomidine long-acting patches: Dual action mechanism induced longer controlled release and better delivery efficiency. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 183:47-60. [PMID: 36565969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare a dexmedetomidine (Dex) 72 h long-acting patch by the combined use of ion-pair strategy and chemical enhancers (CEs), and to investigate molecular mechanisms of drug-loading enhancement and controlled release. The formulation of patch was optimized by single-factor investigation and Box-Behnken design. The pharmacokinetics, analgesic pharmacodynamics and irritation of the formulation were evaluated, respectively. Moreover, the effects of ion-pairs and CEs on the patch were characterized by DSC, rheology study, FTIR, and molecular docking, and the effects on the skin were evaluated by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman study, and molecular dynamics, respectively. The optimized formulation was 17.00 % (w/w) Dex-NA (Naphthoic acid), 7.20 % Polyglyceryl-3 dioleate (POCC), 25-AAOH as pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) and 66.50 μm in thickness. Compared with the control group (Cmax = 62.02 ± 16.55 ng/mL, MRT0-t = 26.74 ± 1.27 h), the pharmacokinetics behavior of the optimization group was more stable and durable (Cmax = 31.22 ± 13.26 ng/mL, MRT0-t = 33.62 ± 1.62 h). Besides, it also showed good analgesic effect and no obvious irritation. The results indicated that Dex-NA both increased the drug-PSA interactions and inhibited the penetration of the drug into the skin. POCC increased the molecular mobility of the PSA and disrupted skin lipids thereby improving the drug penetration rate. In summary, the Dex long-acting patch was developed, which provided a reference for the combined application of ion-pair strategy and CEs in other long-acting transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Shoujun Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Jiuheng Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Zhang S, Liu C, Song Y, Ruan J, Quan P, Fang L. High drug-loading and controlled-release hydroxyphenyl-polyacrylate adhesive for transdermal patch. J Control Release 2023; 353:475-489. [PMID: 36473608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) requires high drug-loading and drug controlled-release. To simultaneously improve drug-polymer miscibility and realize drug controlled-release, this work aimed to develop a new pressure sensitive adhesive modified with hydroxyphenyl (HP-PSA) by introducing doubly ionic H-bond into drug-PSA interaction. Eight model drugs divided into R3N, R2NH and no N type were chosen to understand the characteristics of the HP-PSA and inner mechanism. The results showed that the doubly ionic H-bond between R3N and R2NH type drugs and HP-PSA, differing from the ionic bond and neutral H-bond, was a reversible and relatively strong interaction. It could significantly enhance their drug-loading by 1.5 to 7 times and control drug release rate to its 1/5 to 1/2 without altering its total release properties, outperforming the commercial Duro-Tak® 87-2510 and Duro-Tak® 87-2852 adhesives. According to the pharmacokinetics results, the high drug-loading patches based on HP-PSA achieved a sustainable plasma drug concentration avoiding burst release, and over 2 times area under concentration-time curve (AUC) as well as 6 times mean residence time (MRT) revealed its potential to realize long-acting drug delivery. Additionally, its safety and mechanical features were satisfied. The mechanism study showed that the repulsion of the ionic drugs in HP-PSA increased drug-loading, and the relatively strong interaction could also control drug release. The incomplete H-bond transfer determined its reversibility, thus making the drug release percentage up to that of non-functional PSA. In conclusion, the high drug-loading efficiency and drug controlled-release capacity of HP-PSA, as well as its unique interaction, would contribute to the development of TDDS. Moreover, the construction of the doubly ionic H-bond would provide further inspiration for various drug delivery systems in the non-polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yilin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jiuheng Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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10
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Ding D, Liu C, Zhang Y, Xu W, Cai Y, Zhong T, Fang L. Mechanistic insights of different release behaviors dominated by drug physicochemical properties in polyisobutylene pressure sensitive adhesive. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122416. [PMID: 36450335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the physicochemical parameters of drugs on their own release behaviors in polyisobutylene pressure sensitive adhesive (PIB PSA), which provided a theoretical guidance for the application of PIB in transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS). Seven drugs with different physicochemical parameters including clonidine (CLO), flurbiprofen (FLU), diclofenac (DIC), ibuprofen (IBU), zolmitriptan (ZOL), lidocaine (LID), tulobuterol (TUL) and the mixed adhesive (7:3, w/w) of Oppanol® B 15 N (M.W. = 108,000 Da) and Oppanol® N 50 (M.W. = 565,000 Da) were selected for in vitro drug release and skin permeation studies. Regression analysis was used to study the relationship between physicochemical parameters and release behaviors. The release behaviors of drugs were a negative correlation with polarizability and dipole moment per molecular volume (μ/V), which represented van der Waals and dipole-dipole interaction, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and molecular dynamics simulation were used to provide molecular details of the interaction between the drug and PIB. The free volume and molecular mobility of PIB were characterized using mechanical property tests, rheology study, MDSC and molecular dynamics simulation. Based on the above results, drugs with high polarizability and μ/V had stronger van der Waals and dipole-dipole interaction with PIB, reducing the free volume and molecular mobility of PIB, so that the drug struggled to release from PIB. In addition, the diffusion activation energy of the drug was calculated by using the variable temperature release study to characterize the ease of drug release from the kinetic aspect. And the trends of in vitro drug release and skin penetration profiles were basically similar. Thus, it was thought that the physicochemical parameters of the drug played a vital role in the drug release behavior of PIB PSAs and would affect the skin penetration process, which provided a reference for the design and application of patches based on PIB PSAs in TDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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11
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Deep Eutectic Systems as Novel Vehicles for Assisting Drug Transdermal Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112265. [PMID: 36365084 PMCID: PMC9692497 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, deep eutectic systems (DES) emerged as novel vehicles for facilitating the transdermal delivery of various drugs, including polysaccharides, proteins, insulin, vaccine, nanoparticles, and herb extracts. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of the application of DES to transdermal drug delivery, based on previous work and the reported references. Following a brief overview, the roles of DES in TDDS, the modes of action, as well as the structure-activity relationship of DES are discussed. Particularly, the skin permeation of active macromolecules and rigid nanoparticles, which are the defining characteristics of DES, are extensively discussed. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current investigation and development of DES-based transdermal delivery systems, as well as a framework for the construction of novel DES-TDDS in the future.
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12
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Tanigawa H, Suzuki N, Suzuki T. Application of ionic liquid to enhance the nose-to-brain delivery of etodolac. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 178:106290. [PMID: 36058500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to enhance the delivery of Etodolac (ETD) to the brain through intranasal administration using an ionic liquid (IL) consisting of ETD and proline ethyl ester. The IL of ETD was prepared by mixing ETD with proline ethyl ester as a counterion in a molar ratio of 1:2.The formation of the IL was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR).The solubility of ETD in simulated nasal fluids was improved by approximately 200-fold due to the formation of IL. The intranasal administration of ETD-containing IL, which is viscous, increased the nose-to-brain delivery by approximately 7-fold 30 min after an administration of the ETD solution alone. The enhancement of ETD delivery to the brain from the nose was attributed to the enhanced retention of ETD in the nasal mucosal surface due to the viscosity of IL. The induction of prostaglandin E2 in the brain inflammation that was induced by lipopolysaccharides was significantly suppressed by up to 40% in the IL-treated group compared with the drug-untreated group. Therefore, ETD-containing IL were suggested to be useful in designing intranasal formulations for the nasal delivery of ETDs to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tanigawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
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Evaluation of the Structural Modification of Ibuprofen on the Penetration Release of Ibuprofen from a Drug-in-Adhesive Matrix Type Transdermal Patch. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147752. [PMID: 35887099 PMCID: PMC9320482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical modifications of the structure of active compounds on the skin permeation and accumulation of ibuprofen [IBU] from the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive used as a drug-in-adhesives matrix type transdermal patch. The active substances tested were ibuprofen salts obtained by pairing the ibuprofen anion with organic cations, such as amino acid isopropyl esters. The structural modification of ibuprofen tested were Ibuprofen sodium salt, [GlyOiPr][IBU], [AlaOiPr][IBU], [ValOiPr][IBU], [SerOiPr][IBU], [ThrOiPr][IBU], [(AspOiPr)2][IBU], [LysOiPr][IBU], [LysOiPr][IBU]2, [PheOiPr][IBU], and [ProOiPr][IBU]. For comparison, the penetration of unmodified ibuprofen and commercially available patches was also investigated. Thus, twelve transdermal patches with new drug modifications have been developed whose adhesive carrier is an acrylate copolymer. The obtained patches were characterized for their adhesive properties and tested for permeability of the active substance. Our results show that the obtained ibuprofen patches demonstrate similar permeability to commercial patches compared to those with structural modifications of ibuprofen. However, these modified patches show an increased drug permeability of 2.3 to even 6.4 times greater than unmodified ibuprofen. Increasing the permeability of the active substance and properties such as adhesion, cohesion, and tack make the obtained patches an excellent alternative to commercial patches containing ibuprofen.
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Xue T, Xu P, Padelford J, Xue X, Wu AY, Li Y, Wang L. Actively targeted delivery of SN38 by ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticle for treating pancreatic cancer. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:546-555. [PMID: 35290548 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers largely due to the inefficient delivery of therapeutics. Nanomaterials have been extensively investigated as drug delivery platforms, showing improved drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. However, their applications in pancreatic cancer have not yet been successful due to limited tumor delivery caused by dense tumor stroma and distorted tumor vasculatures. Meanwhile, smaller-sized nanomaterials have shown improved tumor delivery and retention in various tumors, including pancreatic tumors, suggesting their potential in enhancing drug delivery. An ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticle (uIONP) was used to encapsulate 7-ethyl-10-hydroxyl camptothecin (SN38), the water-insoluble active metabolite of pancreatic cancer chemotherapy drug irinotecan. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was conjugated to uIONP as a ligand for targeting pancreatic cancer cells overexpressing IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R). The SN38 loading and release profile were characterized. The pancreatic cancer cell targeting using IGF1-uIONP/SN38 and subsequently induced cell apoptosis were also investigated. IGF1-uIONP/SN38 demonstrated a stable drug loading in physiological pH with the loading efficiency of 68.2 ± 3.5% (SN38/Fe, wt%) and < 7% release for 24 h. In tumor-interstitial- and lysosomal-mimicking pH (6.5 and 5.5), 52.2 and 91.3% of encapsulated SN38 were released over 24 h. The IGF1-uIONP/SN38 exhibited specific receptor-mediated cell targeting and cytotoxicity Ato MiaPaCa-2 and Panc02 pancreatic cancer cells with IC50 of 11.8 ± 2.3 and 20.8 ± 3.5 nM, respectively, but not to HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. IGF1-uIONP significantly improved the targeted SN38 delivery to pancreatic cancer cells, holding the potential for in vivo theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Peijia Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | | | - Xingkui Xue
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Alyssa Y Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yuancheng Li
- LLC, 5M Biomed, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang J, Ren S, Song Y, Quan P, Fang L. Ionic liquids in transdermal drug delivery system: Current applications and future perspectives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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17
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Han AS, Kim J, Park JW, Jin SG. Novel acyclovir-loaded film-forming gel with enhanced mechanical properties and skin permeability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Li M, Liu C, Cai Y, Song H, Fang L. Transdermal Enhancement Strategy of Lappaconitine: Alteration of Keratin Configuration by Counter-Ion. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:61. [PMID: 35059926 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a lappaconitine (LA) transdermal patch with counter-ion to increase the transdermal permeability of the drug, and a theory of counter-ion altering the conformation of the skin keratin was put forward based on the in vitro skin permeation study and physicochemical properties of ion-pairs. Formulation factors including pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs), drug-loading, counter-ions and molar ratios of counter-ion were screened by in vitro skin permeation study. The optimized formulation was composed of 7% LA, 1.5 mole cinnamic acid and AAOH (PSA containing hydroxyl group synthesized by our laboratory) as an adhesive matrix. The optimized patch was evaluated by the pharmacokinetic and analgesic pharmacodynamic studies. AUC0-t and pain inhibition ratio of the optimized patch were 2450.40 ± 848.52 h ng/mL and 81.18%, which showed good absorption into the skin and excellent analgesic effect. The mechanism of facilitated transdermal drug permeation by counter-ion was investigated by ATR-FTIR, thermal analysis, FTIR, XPS and molecular docking. The results indicated that after the formation of ion-pairs, the excess counter-ions would alter the conformation of the skin keratin, thus increasing the transdermal penetration of LA. In conclusion, the LA patch was successfully optimized, and the effect of counter-ions on the skin was clarified at the molecular level. These findings provided additional references for the application of counter-ion in the transdermal drug delivery system.
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Formulation, Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Dicarboxylic Ionic Liquid Donepezil Transdermal Patches. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010205. [PMID: 35057101 PMCID: PMC8812279 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Donepezil (DPZ) is generally administered orally to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, oral administration can cause gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, to enhance compliance, a new way to deliver DPZ from transdermal patch was developed. Ionic bonds were created by dissolving dicarboxylic acid and DPZ in ethanol, resulting in a stable ionic liquid (IL) state. The synthesized ILs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The DPZ ILs were then transformed to a suitable drug-in-adhesive patch for transdermal delivery of DPZ. The novel DPZ ILs patch inhibits crystallization of the IL, indicating coherent design. Moreover, DPZ ILs and DPZ IL patch formulations performed excellent skin permeability compared to that of the DPZ free-base patch in both in vitro and ex vivo skin permeability studies.
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Han X, Liu J, Hu X, Wang W, Wang Q. Design of a Long-Acting Rivastigmine Transdermal Delivery System: Based on Computational Simulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:54. [PMID: 35028813 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was using a computational simulation to develop a long-acting patch of rivastigmine (RVS). A range of patch formulations were screened including pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), pharmaceutical excipients, and controlled release membranes using transfer simulation based on a mathematical model. Diffusion dynamics parameters for simulated operations were acquired through in vitro release tests (IVRT) and in vitro skin permeation tests (IVPT). The mechanism of controlled release was studied by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) and molecular docking. Results of a rat in vitro permeation profile showed excellent correlation with the in vivo deconvolution profile (R2=0.998). Experiments testified to transfer of RVS at a relatively uniform speed with high skin permeation (2531.2±142.46 μg/cm2) in 72 h. Pharmacokinetic data obtained in vivo also confirmed stable plasma concentrations over 72 h for the optimized patch, and significant prolongation of both Tmax (11.20±1.79 h) and MRT0-t (33.91±5.33 h). Cmax was controlled with AUC0-t (267.34±24.46 h ng/ml), which was closely comparable to parameters of a commercial Exelon® Patch. The successful development of a long-acting patch of RVS thus underscores the potential of computer aided design in a context of promnesic transdermal delivery. Graphical abstract.
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Manikkath J, Subramony JA. Toward closed-loop drug delivery: Integrating wearable technologies with transdermal drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113997. [PMID: 34634396 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent advancement and prevalence of wearable technologies and their ability to make digital measurements of vital signs and wellness parameters have triggered a new paradigm in the management of diseases. Drug delivery as a function of stimuli or response from wearable, closed-loop systems can offer real-time on-demand or preprogrammed drug delivery capability and offer total management of disease states. Here we review the key opportunities in this space for development of closed-loop systems, given the advent of digital wearable technologies. Particular considerations and focus are given to closed-loop systems combined with transdermal drug delivery technologies.
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22
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Song H, Liu C, Ruan J, Yang D, Zhong T, Liu Y, Fang L. Effect of the combination of permeation enhancer and ion-pairs strategies on transdermal delivery of tofacitinib. Int J Pharm 2021; 611:121190. [PMID: 34662645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a tofacitinib (TOF) transdermal patch by the combination of ion-pairs and chemical permeation enhancer strategies. And a theory of controlled release of chemical permeation enhancers by counterion was proposed on the basis of in vitro skin permeation and skin retention study. Through the in vitro skin permeation study, the formulation factors such as counterion, pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), drug loading and patch thickness were investigated, and the optimized patch (6.5% LA-TOF, 15% POCC and thickness = 50 μm) was evaluated by the pharmacokinetic study. The AUC0-t of the optimized patch was 529.89 ± 45 h ng/mL. Special attention has been paid to the molecular mechanism of the effects of counterion concentration on the release and permeation enhancement effect of penetration enhancer. FTIR study, 13C NMR, XPS and molecular modeling were conducted to investigate the molecular interaction between POCC and LA. Raman Imaging and ATR-FTIR were used to explore the POCC content in the skin and the interference degree to lipid. The results revealed that a strong hydrogen bond appeared between LA and the hydroxyl group of POCC, which inhibited the release of POCC, thus reducing the lipid disturbance and permeation enhancement effect of POCC. In conclusion, this TOF patch was successfully developed. The effect of counterion on permeation enhancers was clarified at molecular level, and these results provided references for the development of TOF patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jiuheng Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Degong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yuxue Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Moshikur RM, Ali MK, Wakabayashi R, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M. Favipiravir-Based Ionic Liquids as Potent Antiviral Drugs for Oral Delivery: Synthesis, Solubility, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3108-3115. [PMID: 34250805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the world, and no specific antiviral drugs have yet been approved to combat this disease. Favipiravir (FAV) is an antiviral drug that is currently in clinical trials for use against COVID-19. However, the delivery of FAV is challenging because of its limited solubility, and its formulation is difficult with common organic solvents and water. To address these issues, four FAV ionic liquids (FAV-ILs) were synthesized as potent antiviral prodrugs and were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The aqueous solubility and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of the FAV-ILs were also evaluated. The FAV-ILs exhibited improved aqueous solubility by 78 to 125 orders of magnitude when compared with that of free FAV. Upon oral dosing in mice, the absolute bioavailability of the β-alanine ethyl ester FAV formulation was increased 1.9-fold compared with that of the control FAV formulation. The peak blood concentration, elimination half-life, and mean absorption time of FAV were also increased by 1.5-, 2.0-, and 1.5-fold, respectively, compared with the control. Furthermore, the FAV in the FAV-ILs exhibited significantly different biodistribution compared with the control FAV formulation. Interestingly, drug accumulation in the lungs and liver was improved 1.5-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively, compared with the control FAV formulation. These results indicate that the use of ILs exhibits potential as a simple, scalable strategy to improve the solubility and oral absorption of hydrophobic drugs, such as FAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Md Moshikur
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Md Korban Ali
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Qian K, Stella L, Jones DS, Andrews GP, Du H, Tian Y. Drug-Rich Phases Induced by Amorphous Solid Dispersion: Arbitrary or Intentional Goal in Oral Drug Delivery? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:889. [PMID: 34203969 PMCID: PMC8232734 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among many methods to mitigate the solubility limitations of drug compounds, amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is considered to be one of the most promising strategies to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The enhancement of ASD in the oral absorption of drugs has been mainly attributed to the high apparent drug solubility during the dissolution. In the last decade, with the implementations of new knowledge and advanced analytical techniques, a drug-rich transient metastable phase was frequently highlighted within the supersaturation stage of the ASD dissolution. The extended drug absorption and bioavailability enhancement may be attributed to the metastability of such drug-rich phases. In this paper, we have reviewed (i) the possible theory behind the formation and stabilization of such metastable drug-rich phases, with a focus on non-classical nucleation; (ii) the additional benefits of the ASD-induced drug-rich phases for bioavailability enhancements. It is envisaged that a greater understanding of the non-classical nucleation theory and its application on the ASD design might accelerate the drug product development process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Qian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (K.Q.); (D.S.J.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, 7–9 College Park E, Belfast BT7 1PS, UK;
- David Keir Building, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - David S. Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (K.Q.); (D.S.J.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Gavin P. Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (K.Q.); (D.S.J.); (G.P.A.)
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huachuan Du
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yiwei Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (K.Q.); (D.S.J.); (G.P.A.)
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