1
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Moon C, Sahakijpijarn S, Maier EY, Taft DR, Jara MO, Praphawatvet T, Manandhar R, Shetty N, Lubach J, Narang A, Nagapudi K, Williams RO. Inhaled JAK Inhibitor GDC-0214 Nanoaggregate Powder Exhibits Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile in Rats Compared to the Micronized Form: Benefits of Thin Film Freezing. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:564-580. [PMID: 38215042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic disease affecting the airways in the lungs. The receptors of allergic cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, trigger the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, which involves the pathogenesis of asthma. GDC-0214 is a JAK inhibitor that was developed as a potent and selective target for the treatment of asthma, specifically targeting the lungs. While inhaled GDC-0214 is a promising novel treatment option against asthma, improvement is still needed to achieve increased potency of the powder formulation and a reduced number of capsules containing powder to be inhaled. In this study, high-potency amorphous powder formulations containing GDC-0214 nanoaggregates for dry powder inhalation were developed using particle engineering technology, thin film freezing (TFF). A high dose per capsule was successfully achieved by enhancing the solubility of GDC-0214 and powder conditioning. Lactose and/or leucine as excipients exhibited optimum stability and aerosolization of GDC-0214 nanoaggregates, and aerosolization of the dose was independent of air flow through the device between 2 and 6 kPa pressure drops. In the rat PK study, formulation F20, which contains 80% GDC-0214 and 20% lactose, resulted in the highest AUC0-24h in the lungs with the lowest AUC0-24h in the plasma that corresponds to a 4.8-fold higher ratio of the lung-to-plasma exposures compared to micronized crystalline GDC-0214 powder administered by dry powder inhalation. Therefore, GDC-0214 nanoaggregates produced by TFF provided an improved dry powder for inhalation that can lead to enhanced therapeutic efficacy with a lower risk of systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeho Moon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sawittree Sahakijpijarn
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Austin, Texas 78753, United States
| | - Esther Y Maier
- Drug Dynamics Institute, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - David R Taft
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Miguel O Jara
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tuangrat Praphawatvet
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | - Nivedita Shetty
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Lubach
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ajit Narang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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2
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Moseson DE, Taylor LS. Crystallinity: A Complex Critical Quality Attribute of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4802-4825. [PMID: 37699354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Does the performance of an amorphous solid dispersion rely on having 100% amorphous content? What specifications are appropriate for crystalline content within an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) drug product? In this Perspective, the origin and significance of crystallinity within amorphous solid dispersions will be considered. Crystallinity can be found within an ASD from one of two pathways: (1) incomplete amorphization, or (2) crystal creation (nucleation and crystal growth). While nucleation and crystal growth is the more commonly considered pathway, where crystals originate as a physical stability failure upon accelerated or prolonged storage, manufacturing-based origins of crystallinity are possible as well. Detecting trace levels of crystallinity is a significant analytical challenge, and orthogonal methods should be employed to develop a holistic assessment of sample properties. Probing the impact of crystallinity on release performance which may translate to meaningful clinical significance is inherently challenging, requiring optimization of dissolution test variables to address the complexity of ASD formulations, in terms of drug physicochemical properties (e.g., crystallization tendency), level of crystallinity, crystal reference material selection, and formulation characteristics. The complexity of risk presented by crystallinity to product performance will be illuminated through several case studies, highlighting that a one-size-fits-all approach cannot be used to set specification limits, as the risk of crystallinity can vary widely based on a multitude of factors. Risk assessment considerations surrounding drug physicochemical properties, formulation fundamentals, physical stability, dissolution, and crystal micromeritic properties will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Sakhi M, Khan A, Khan I, Ahmad Khan S, Irum Khan S, Ali Khattak M, Uddin MN, Kazi M, Nasir F. Effect of polymeric stabilizers on the size and stability of PLGA paclitaxel nanoparticles. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101697. [PMID: 37559864 PMCID: PMC10407900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to formulate polymeric paclitaxel nanoparticles with various stabilizers to improve solubility, enhance stability, maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize detrimental toxicities of paclitaxel. In this study, trastuzumab-guided poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-loaded paclitaxel nanoparticles were formulated with pluronic F-127, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poloxamer 407, Tween-80, span 20, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%) using the solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics and short and long-term stability. The optimum particle size (190 nm ± 12.42 to 350 nm ± 11.1), PDI (0.13 ± 0.02 to 0.2 ± 0.01), surface charge (-19.1mv ± 1.5 to -40.4mv ± 1.6), drug loading (2.43 to 9.5 %) and encapsulation efficiency (greater than 80 %) were obtained with these stabilizers while keeping the polymer concentration, temperature, probe size, amplitude and sonication time constant. The nanoformulations were stably stored at 4 °C. The nanoformulations of paclitaxel with pluronic F-127, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and poloxamer 407 were found to be more soluble, stable, uniform in physicochemical properties, and efficient in drug loading and encapsulation for improved therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirina Sakhi
- HBS College of Pharmacy, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ismail Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi 25120, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Irum Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, AJK 10250, Pakistan
| | - Muzna Ali Khattak
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad N. Uddin
- College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO BOX 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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4
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Razumtcev A, Li M, Simpson GJ. Parts-per-Million Detection of Trace Crystal Forms Using AF-PTIR Microscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13100-13107. [PMID: 36099561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autofluorescence-detected photothermal mid-infrared (AF-PTIR) microscopy was shown to enable parts-per-million detection of α-indomethacin impurity in γ-indomethacin samples. Subtle differences in the photothermal response of the UV-autofluorescence of two indomethacin crystal polymorphs were used for sub-micron chemical discrimination based on fingerprint region mid-IR spectroscopy. The AF-PTIR assignment was independently confirmed by second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, which was shown to reduce the total analysis time by rapidly identifying the suitable fields of view. AF-PTIR microscopy has the potential to assist in the early identification of crystal form impurities in the solid dosage forms development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Razumtcev
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Minghe Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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5
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Chasse T, Conway SL, Danzer GD, Feng L, Leone AM, McNevin M, Smoliga J, Stroud PA, van Lishaut H. Industry White Paper: Contemporary Opportunities and Challenges in Characterizing Crystallinity in Amorphous Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1543-1555. [PMID: 35041831 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Members of the IQ Consortium ″Working Group on Characterization on Amorphous Solid Dispersions″ shares here a perspective on the analytical challenges, and limitations of detecting low levels of crystalline drug substance in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) and associated drug products. These companies aim to employ highly sensitive commercially available analytical technologies to guide development, support control strategies, and enable registration of quality products. We hope to promote consistency in development and registration approaches and guide the industry in development of "characterization best practices" in the interest of providing high quality products for patients. The first half of this perspective highlights the unique challenges of analytical methodologies to monitor crystalline drug substance in ASDs and their associated drug products. Challenges around use of limit tests, analyte spiking experiments, and method robustness are also underscored. The latter half describes the merits and limitations of the diverse analytical "toolbox" (such as XRPD, NIR and DSC), which can be readily applied during development and, in some cases, considered for potential application and validation in the commercial QC setting when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Chasse
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Chemistry Manufacturing and Controls, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephen L Conway
- Merck & Co., Inc., Global Pharmaceutical Commercialization, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Gerald D Danzer
- AbbVie Inc., Analytical Research & Development, 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Lili Feng
- Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Product Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Anthony M Leone
- Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Product Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Michael McNevin
- Merck & Co., Inc., Analytical R&D, Materials and Biophysical Characterization, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - John Smoliga
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Material and Analytical Sciences, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT USA
| | - Paul A Stroud
- Eli Lilly & Company, Inc, Material Science and Physical Characterization, 1400 W. Raymond Street, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Holger van Lishaut
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Analytical Research & Development, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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6
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Mast MP, Modh H, Champanhac C, Wang JW, Storm G, Krämer J, Mailänder V, Pastorin G, Wacker MG. Nanomedicine at the crossroads - A quick guide for IVIVC. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113829. [PMID: 34174332 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For many years, nanomedicine is pushing the boundaries of drug delivery. When applying these novel therapeutics, safety considerations are not only a key concern when entering clinical trials but also an important decision point in product development. Standing at the crossroads, nanomedicine may be able to escape the niche markets and achieve wider acceptance by the pharmaceutical industry. While there is a new generation of drug delivery systems, the extracellular vesicles, standing on the starting line, unresolved issues and new challenges emerge from their translation from bench to bedside. Some key features of injectable nanomedicines contribute to the predictability of the pharmacological and toxicological effects. So far, only a few of the physicochemical attributes of nanomedicines can be justified by a direct mathematical relationship between the in vitro and the in vivo responses. To further develop extracellular vesicles as drug carriers, we have to learn from more than 40 years of clinical experience in liposomal delivery and pass on this knowledge to the next generation. Our quick guide discusses relationships between physicochemical characteristics and the in vivo response, commonly referred to as in vitro-in vivo correlation. Further, we highlight the key role of computational methods, lay open current knowledge gaps, and question the established design strategies. Has the recent progress improved the predictability of targeted delivery or do we need another change in perspective?
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7
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Formulating a heat- and shear-labile drug in an amorphous solid dispersion: Balancing drug degradation and crystallinity. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100092. [PMID: 34977559 PMCID: PMC8683684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We seek to further addresss the questions posed by Moseson et al. regarding whether any residual crystal level, size, or characteristic is acceptable in an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) such that its stability, enhanced dissolution, and increased bioavailability are not compromised. To address this highly relevant question, we study an interesting heat- and shear-labile drug in development, LY3009120. To study the effects of residual crystallinity and degradation in ASDs, we prepared three compositionally identical formulations (57–1, 59–4, and 59–5) using the KinetiSol process under various processing conditions to obtain samples with various levels of crystallinity (2.3%, 0.9%, and 0.1%, respectively) and degradation products (0.74%, 1.97%, and 3.12%, respectively). Samples with less than 1% crystallinity were placed on stability, and we observed no measurable change in the drug's crystallinity, dissolution profile or purity in the 59–4 and 59–5 formulations over four months of storage under closed conditions at 25 °C and 60% humidity. For formulations 57–1, 59–4, and 59–5, bioavailability studies in rats reveal a 44-fold, 55-fold, and 62-fold increase in mean AUC, respectively, compared to the physical mixture. This suggests that the presence of some residual crystals after processing can be acceptable and will not change the properties of the ASD over time.
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8
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Sherman AM, Takanti N, Rong J, Simpson GJ. Nonlinear optical characterization of pharmaceutical formulations. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Sarkar S, Song Z, Griffin SR, Takanti N, Vogt AD, Ruggles A, Danzer GD, Simpson GJ. In Situ Crystal Growth Rate Distributions of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:769-776. [PMID: 31769985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhengtian Song
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Scott R. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nita Takanti
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andrew D. Vogt
- AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Alexander Ruggles
- AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Gerald D. Danzer
- AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Garth J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Grubbs BA, Etter NP, Slaughter WE, Pittsford AM, Smith CR, Schmitt PD. A Low-Cost Beam-Scanning Second Harmonic Generation Microscope with Application for Agrochemical Development and Testing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11723-11730. [PMID: 31424922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A low-cost second harmonic generation (SHG) microscope was constructed, and, for the first time, SHG microscopy was used for imaging agrochemical materials directly on the surface of common commercial crop leaves. The microscope uses a chromatically fixed (1560 nm) femtosecond fiber laser, a commercial 2D galvanometer mirror system, and a PCIe digital oscilloscope card, which together kept total instrument costs under $40 000 (USD), a significant decrease in cost and complexity from common systems (commercial and home-built) using tunable lasers and faster beam-scanning architectures. The figures of merit of the low-cost system still enabled a variety of measurements of agrochemical materials. Following confirmation of largely background-free SHG imaging of common crop leaves (soybean, maize, wheatgrass), SHG microscopy was used to image active ingredient crystallization after solution-phase deposition directly on the leaf surface, including at industrially relevant active ingredient concentrations (<0.05% w/w). Crystallization was also followed in real-time, with differences in crystallization time observed for different application procedures (spraying vs single droplet deposition). A strong dependency of active ingredient crystallization on the substrate was found, with an increased crystallization tendency observed on leaves vs on glass slides. Different crystal habits for the same active ingredient were also observed on different plant species. Finally, a model extended-release formulation was prepared, with a decrease in active ingredient crystallinity observed vs solution-phase deposition. These collective results demonstrate the need for making diagnostic measurements directly on the leaf surface and could help inform the next generation of pesticide products that ensure optimized agricultural output for a growing world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Grubbs
- Department of Chemistry , Wabash College , Crawfordsville , Indiana 47933 , United States
| | - Nicholas P Etter
- Department of Chemistry , Wabash College , Crawfordsville , Indiana 47933 , United States
| | - Wesley E Slaughter
- Department of Chemistry , Wabash College , Crawfordsville , Indiana 47933 , United States
| | - Alexander M Pittsford
- Department of Chemistry , Wabash College , Crawfordsville , Indiana 47933 , United States
| | - Connor R Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Wabash College , Crawfordsville , Indiana 47933 , United States
| | - Paul D Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry , Wabash College , Crawfordsville , Indiana 47933 , United States
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11
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Ricarte RG, Van Zee NJ, Li Z, Johnson LM, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Recent Advances in Understanding the Micro- and Nanoscale Phenomena of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4089-4103. [PMID: 31487183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many pharmaceutical drugs in the marketplace and discovery pipeline suffer from poor aqueous solubility, thereby limiting their effectiveness for oral delivery. The use of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), a mixture of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a polymer excipient, greatly enhances the aqueous dissolution performance of a drug without the need for chemical modification. Although this method is versatile and scalable, deficient understanding of the interactions between drugs and polymers inhibits ASD rational design. This current Review details recent progress in understanding the mechanisms that control ASD performance. In the solid-state, the use of high-resolution theoretical, computational, and experimental tools resolved the influence of drug/polymer phase behavior and dynamics on stability during storage. During dissolution in aqueous media, novel characterization methods revealed that ASDs can form complex nanostructures, which maintain and improve supersaturation of the drug. The studies discussed here illustrate that nanoscale phenomena, which have been directly observed and quantified, strongly affect the stability and bioavailability of ASD systems, and provide a promising direction for optimizing drug/polymer formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G Ricarte
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials Laboratory, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris , PSL Research University , 10 Rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
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12
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Smith CJ, Dinh J, Schmitt PD, Stroud PA, Hinds J, Johnson MJ, Simpson GJ. Calibration-Free Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) Image Analysis for Quantification of Trace Crystallinity Within Final Dosage Forms of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:1594-1605. [PMID: 29896972 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818786506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A statistical model enables auto-calibration of second harmonic generation (SHG) images for quantifying trace crystallinity within amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) over a wide dynamic range of crystallinity. In this paper, we demonstrate particle-counting approaches for quantifying trace crystallinity, combined with analytical expressions correcting for particle overlap bias in higher crystallinity regimes to extend the continuous dynamic range of standard particle-counting algorithms through to the signal averaging regime. The reliability of the values recovered by these expressions was demonstrated with simulated data as well as experimental data obtained for an amorphous solid dispersion formulation containing evacetrapib, an Eli Lilly and Company compound. Since particle counting independently recovers the crystalline volume and the SHG intensity, the average SHG intensity per unit volume can be used as an internal calibrant for quantifying crystallinity at higher volume fractions, for which particle counting is no longer applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Smith
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Janny Dinh
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Paul D Schmitt
- 3 Department of Chemistry, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Garth J Simpson
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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13
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Novakovic D, Isomäki A, Pleunis B, Fraser-Miller SJ, Peltonen L, Laaksonen T, Strachan CJ. Understanding Dissolution and Crystallization with Imaging: A Surface Point of View. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5361-5373. [PMID: 30247922 PMCID: PMC6221374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The tendency for crystallization
during storage and administration
is the most considerable hurdle for poorly water-soluble drugs formulated
in the amorphous form. There is a need to better detect often subtle
and complex surface crystallization phenomena and understand their
influence on the critical quality attribute of dissolution. In this
study, the interplay between surface crystallization of the amorphous
form during storage and dissolution testing, and its influence on
dissolution behavior, is analyzed for the first time with multimodal
nonlinear optical imaging (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS)
and sum frequency generation (SFG)). Complementary analyses are provided
with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared
and Raman spectroscopies. Amorphous indomethacin tablets were prepared
and subjected to two different storage conditions (30 °C/23%
RH and 30 °C/75% RH) for various durations and then dissolution
testing using a channel flow-through device. Trace levels of surface
crystallinity previously imaged with nonlinear optics after 1 or 2
days of storage did not significantly decrease dissolution and supersaturation
compared to the freshly prepared amorphous tablets while more extensive
crystallization after longer storage times did. Multimodal nonlinear
optical imaging of the tablet surfaces after 15 min of dissolution
revealed complex crystallization behavior that was affected by both
storage condition and time, with up to four crystalline polymorphs
simultaneously observed. In addition to the well-known α- and
γ-forms, the less reported metastable ε- and η-forms
were also observed, with the ε-form being widely observed in
samples that had retained significant surface amorphousness during
storage. This form was also prepared in the pure form and further
characterized. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential value
of nonlinear optical imaging, together with more established solid-state
analysis methods, to understand complex surface crystallization behavior
and its influence on drug dissolution during the development of amorphous
drugs and dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Novakovic
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 E , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Antti Isomäki
- Biomedicum Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 8 , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Bibi Pleunis
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 E , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- Dodd-Walls Center for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 E , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8 , 33720 Tampere , Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 E , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
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14
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Smith CJ, Griffin SR, Eakins GS, Deng F, White JK, Thirunahari S, Ramakrishnan S, Sangupta A, Zhang S, Novak J, Liu Z, Rhodes T, Simpson GJ. Triboluminescence from Pharmaceutical Formulations. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6893-6898. [PMID: 29694029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triboluminescence (TL) is shown to enable selective detection of trace crystallinity within nominally amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). ASDs are increasingly used for the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations, the physical stability of which can be negatively impacted by trace crystallinity introduced during manufacturing or storage. In the present study, TL measurements of a model ASD consisting of griseofulvin in polyethylene glycol produced limits of detection of 140 ppm. Separate studies of the particle size dependence of sucrose crystals and the dependence on polymorphism in clopidogrel bisulfate particles are both consistent with a mechanism for TL closely linked to the piezoelectric response of the crystalline fraction. Whereas disordered polymeric materials cannot support piezoelectric activity, molecular crystals produced from homochiral molecules adopt crystal structures that are overwhelmingly symmetry-allowed for piezoelectricity. Consequently, TL may provide a broadly applicable and simple experimental route for sensitive detection of trace crystallinity within nominally amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Scott R Griffin
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Gregory S Eakins
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Fengyuan Deng
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Julia K White
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette Indiana 47906 , United States
| | | | - Srividya Ramakrishnan
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratory , IPDO , Bachupally Campus, Hyderabad , Telengana , 500090 , India
| | - Atanu Sangupta
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratory , IPDO , Bachupally Campus, Hyderabad , Telengana , 500090 , India
| | - Siwei Zhang
- MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Julie Novak
- MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Zhen Liu
- MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Timothy Rhodes
- MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette Indiana 47906 , United States
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15
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Song Z, Sarkar S, Vogt AD, Danzer GD, Smith CJ, Gualtieri EJ, Simpson GJ. Kinetic Modeling of Accelerated Stability Testing Enabled by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4406-4413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtian Song
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Sreya Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew D. Vogt
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Gerald D. Danzer
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Casey J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Ellen J. Gualtieri
- Formulatrix, Inc., 10 DeAngelo Drive, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Garth J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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16
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Edinger M, Knopp MM, Kerdoncuff H, Rantanen J, Rades T, Löbmann K. Quantification of microwave-induced amorphization of celecoxib in PVP tablets using transmission Raman spectroscopy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:62-67. [PMID: 29428542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of drug load on the microwave-induced amorphization of celecoxib (CCX) in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) tablets was investigated using quantitative transmission Raman spectroscopy. A design of experiments (DoE) setup was applied for developing the quantitative model using two factors: drug load (10, 30, and 50% w/w) and amorphous fraction (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). The data was modeled using partial least-squares (PLS) regression and resulted in a robust model with a root mean-square error of prediction of 2.5%. The PLS model was used to study the amorphization kinetics of CCX-PVP tablets with different drug content (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% w/w). For this purpose, transition Raman spectra were collected in 60 s intervals over a total microwave time of 10 min with an energy input of 1000 W. Using the quantitative model it was possible to measure the amorphous fraction of the tablets and follow the amorphization as a function of microwaving time. The relative amorphous fraction of CCX increased with increasing microwaving time and decreasing drug load, hence 90 ± 7% of the drug was amorphized in the tablets with 10% drug load whereas only 31 ± 7% of the drug was amorphized in the 50% CCX tablets. It is suggested that the degree of amorphization depends on drug loading. The likelihood of drug particles being in direct contact with the polymer PVP is a requirement for the dissolution of the drug into the polymer upon microwaving, and this is reduced with increasing drug load. This was further supported by polarized light microscopy that revealed evidence of crystalline particles and clusters in all the microwaved tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Edinger
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Elkhabaz A, Sarkar S, Dinh JK, Simpson GJ, Taylor LS. Variation in Supersaturation and Phase Behavior of Ezetimibe Amorphous Solid Dispersions upon Dissolution in Different Biorelevant Media. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:193-206. [PMID: 29161509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs using amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) has been widely acknowledged as a promising strategy for enhancing oral bioavailability. Upon dissolution, ASDs have accelerated dissolution rates and yield supersaturated solutions leading to higher apparent solubilities. Understanding the complex phase behavior of ASDs during dissolution is crucial for developing an effective formulation. Since the absorption of a lipophilic, high permeability drug is determined primarily by the intraluminal dissolution process and the final concentration achieved, there is a need for evaluation in biorelevant dissolution media that simulate both fasting and fed gastrointestinal states. In this study, using ezetimibe as a model drug, three different ASDs were prepared using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetyl succinate (HPMC-AS). Dissolution of ASDs was carried out in sodium phosphate buffer, fed-state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF), and Ensure Plus to evaluate the impact of different dissolution media on release profile, supersaturation, and phase behavior. The supersaturation level and crystallization kinetics varied among the dispersions and were found to be highly dependent on the medium employed. The presence of solubilizing additives in biorelevant media greatly affected the generation and stabilization of supersaturated solutions. Second harmonic generation microscopy was found to enable the detection of crystals in all media including the highly turbid Ensure Plus system. In conclusion, it is important to evaluate the impact of complex biorelevant media on the dissolution performance of ASDs to better design supersaturating formulations for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkhabaz
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sreya Sarkar
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Janny K Dinh
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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18
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Second harmonic generation microscopy as a tool for the early detection of crystallization in spray dried dispersions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Novakovic D, Saarinen J, Rojalin T, Antikainen O, Fraser-Miller SJ, Laaksonen T, Peltonen L, Isomäki A, Strachan CJ. Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Imaging for Sensitive Detection of Multiple Pharmaceutical Solid-State Forms and Surface Transformations. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11460-11467. [PMID: 28950703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two nonlinear imaging modalities, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and sum-frequency generation (SFG), were successfully combined for sensitive multimodal imaging of multiple solid-state forms and their changes on drug tablet surfaces. Two imaging approaches were used and compared: (i) hyperspectral CARS combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and SFG imaging and (ii) simultaneous narrowband CARS and SFG imaging. Three different solid-state forms of indomethacin-the crystalline gamma and alpha forms, as well as the amorphous form-were clearly distinguished using both approaches. Simultaneous narrowband CARS and SFG imaging was faster, but hyperspectral CARS and SFG imaging has the potential to be applied to a wider variety of more complex samples. These methodologies were further used to follow crystallization of indomethacin on tablet surfaces under two storage conditions: 30 °C/23% RH and 30 °C/75% RH. Imaging with (sub)micron resolution showed that the approach allowed detection of very early stage surface crystallization. The surfaces progressively crystallized to predominantly (but not exclusively) the gamma form at lower humidity and the alpha form at higher humidity. Overall, this study suggests that multimodal nonlinear imaging is a highly sensitive, solid-state (and chemically) specific, rapid, and versatile imaging technique for understanding and hence controlling (surface) solid-state forms and their complex changes in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Novakovic
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Saarinen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Osmo Antikainen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Isomäki
- Biomedicum Imaging Unit, University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Xie T, Gao W, Taylor LS. Impact of Eudragit EPO and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose on drug release rate, supersaturation, precipitation outcome and redissolution rate of indomethacin amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:313-323. [PMID: 28844901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of polymer(s) on the dissolution rate, supersaturation and precipitation of indomethacin amorphous solid dispersions (ASD), and to understand the link between precipitate characteristics and redissolution kinetics. The crystalline and amorphous solubilities of indomethacin were determined in the absence and presence of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and/or Eudragit ® EPO to establish relevant phase boundaries. At acidic pH, HPMC could maintain supersaturation of the drug by effectively inhibiting solution crystallization while EPO increased both the crystalline and amorphous solubility of the drug, but did not inhibit crystallization. The HPMC dispersion dissolved relatively slowly without undergoing crystallization while the supersaturation generated by rapid dissolution of the EPO ASD was short-lived due to crystallization. The crystals thus generated underwent rapid redissolution upon pH increase, dissolving faster than the reference crystalline material, and at a comparable rate to the amorphous HPMC dispersion. A ternary dispersion containing both EPO and HPMC dissolved rapidly, generating an apparent drug concentration that exceeded the amorphous solubility of indomethacin, leading to the formation of a new nanosized droplet phase. These nanodroplets dissolved virtually immediately when the pH was increased. In conclusion, the concentration-time profiles achieved from indomethacin ASD dissolution are a complex interplay of drug release rate, precipitation kinetics and outcome, and precipitate redissolution rate, whereby each of these processes is highly dependent on the polymer(s) employed in the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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21
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Healy AM, Worku ZA, Kumar D, Madi AM. Pharmaceutical solvates, hydrates and amorphous forms: A special emphasis on cocrystals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:25-46. [PMID: 28342786 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) may exist in various solid forms, which can lead to differences in the intermolecular interactions, affecting the internal energy and enthalpy, and the degree of disorder, affecting the entropy. Differences in solid forms often lead to differences in thermodynamic parameters and physicochemical properties for example solubility, dissolution rate, stability and mechanical properties of APIs and excipients. Hence, solid forms of APIs play a vital role in drug discovery and development in the context of optimization of bioavailability, filing intellectual property rights and developing suitable manufacturing methods. In this review, the fundamental characteristics and trends observed for pharmaceutical hydrates, solvates and amorphous forms are presented, with special emphasis, due to their relative abundance, on pharmaceutical hydrates with single and two-component (i.e. cocrystal) host molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Healy
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Zelalem Ayenew Worku
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Atif M Madi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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22
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Scarpa M, Stegemann S, Hsiao WK, Pichler H, Gaisford S, Bresciani M, Paudel A, Orlu M. Orodispersible films: Towards drug delivery in special populations. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:327-335. [PMID: 28302515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODF) hold promise as a novel delivery method, with the potential to deliver tailored therapies to different patient populations. This article reviews the current strides of ODF technology and some of its unmet quality and manufacturing aspects. A topic highlights opportunities and limitations of inkjet printed ODF as a population-specific drug delivery. Overall, this article aims to stimulate further research to fill the current knowledge gap between manufacturing and administration requirements of ODF targeting specific patient subpopulations such as geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Kai Hsiao
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Pichler
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Gaisford
- School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amrit Paudel
- Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
| | - Mine Orlu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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23
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Schmitt PD. Recent Advances in Nonlinear Optical Analyses of Pharmaceutical Materials in the Solid State. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:555-565. [PMID: 28125239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an increase in the use of nonlinear optical (NLO) techniques such as second harmonic generation, coherent antistokes Raman scattering, stimulated Raman scattering, and two-photon fluorescence for the solid-state characterization of pharmaceutical materials. These combined techniques offer several advantages (e.g., speed, selectivity, quantitation) of potential interest to the pharmaceutical community, as decreased characterization times in formulation development and testing could help decrease the time required to bring new, higher quality drugs to market. The large body of literature recently published in this field merits a review. Literature will be discussed in order of drug development, starting with applications in initial therapeutic molecule crystallization and polymorphic analysis, followed by final dosage form characterization, and ending with drug product performance testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Wabash College , Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933, United States
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24
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Elucidation of Compression-Induced Surface Crystallization in Amorphous Tablets Using Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) Microscopy. Pharm Res 2016; 34:957-970. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Chowdhury AU, Zhang S, Simpson GJ. Powders Analysis by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3853-63. [PMID: 26929984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azhad U. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Garth J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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26
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27
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Newman JA, Schmitt PD, Toth SJ, Deng F, Zhang S, Simpson GJ. Parts per Million Powder X-ray Diffraction. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10950-5. [PMID: 26465382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate the use of second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy-guided synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) for the detection of trace crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients in a common polymer blend. The combined instrument is capable of detecting 100 ppm crystalline ritonavir in an amorphous hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrix with a high signal-to-noise ratio (>5000). The high spatial resolution afforded by SHG microscopy allows for the use of a minibeam collimator to reduce the total volume of material probed by synchrotron PXRD. The reduction in probed volume results in reduced background from amorphous material. The ability to detect low crystalline loading has the potential to improve measurements in the formulation pipeline for pharmaceutical solid dispersions, for which even trace quantities of crystalline active ingredients can negatively impact the stability and bioavailability of the final drug product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Newman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Paul D Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Scott J Toth
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Fengyuan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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