1
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Wei H, Deng J, Zhang T, Zhan CG, Zheng F. A quantitative LC-MS/MS method for investigation of polysubstance use involving heroin and cocaine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 250:116408. [PMID: 39146775 PMCID: PMC11428324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Concurrent use of heroin and cocaine (known as the "speedball") prevails among substance use disorder populations, especially in opioid-dependent individuals, with severe consequences and a high fatality rate. Little is known about the patterns and correlations of the concurrent use of heroin and cocaine. It is vital to investigate such a polydrug use in both humans and animals to uncover concomitant toxicity and the cause of fatal overdose (death). In this study, we aimed to shed some light on the role of cocaine in the etiology of heroin-related deaths in the context of molecular pharmacokinetics (PK). For the purpose, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of heroin, cocaine, and their metabolites in whole blood was developed and fully validated in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. Then, this method was used to analyze heroin, cocaine, and their metabolites in blood from the rats intraperitoneally administered non-lethal 10 mg/kg heroin or 20 mg/kg cocaine alone, or their combination that is lethal with a proximal mortality of 33 %. The obtained results from the rats that experienced the lethal toxicity revealed that the concurrent use of heroin and cocaine significantly increased the risk of fatality from overdose. Heroin significantly slowed down the elimination of cocaine and its main metabolites in blood, while cocaine significantly enhanced heroin metabolism from 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) to morphine. Similar elimination half-lives for other heroin metabolites were observed. These findings are reported for the first time in this study, facilitating our understanding of the polysubstance metabolism and severe consequences produced by the polydrug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wei
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jing Deng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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2
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Hou S, Liu H, Hu Y, Zhang J, Deng X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Li Y, Ma L, Yao J, Chen X. Discovery of a novel homocysteine thiolactone hydrolase and the catalytic activity of its natural variants. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5098. [PMID: 38980003 PMCID: PMC11232049 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Homocysteine thiolactone (HTL), a toxic metabolite of homocysteine (Hcy) in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is known to modify protein structure and function, leading to protein damage through formation of N-Hcy-protein. HTL has been highly linked to HHcy-associated cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The protective role of HTL hydrolases against HTL-associated vascular toxicity and neurotoxicity have been reported. Although several endogeneous enzymes capable of hydrolyzing HTL have been identified, the primary enzyme responsible for its metabolism remains unclear. In this study, three human carboxylesterases were screened to explore new HTL hydrolase and human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1) demonstrates the highest catalytic activity against HTL. Given the abundance of hCES1 in the liver and the clinical significance of its single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), six common hCES1 nonsynonymous coding SNP (nsSNPs) variants were examined and characterized for their kinetic parameters. Variants E220G and G143E displayed 7.3-fold and 13.2-fold lower catalytic activities than its wild-type counterpart. In addition, the detailed catalytic mechanism of hCES1 for HTL hydrolysis was computational investigated and elucidated by Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) method. The function of residues E220 and G143 in sustaining its hydrolytic activity of hCES1 was analyzed, and the calculated energy difference aligns well with experimental-derived results, supporting the validity of our computational insights. These findings provide insights into the potential protective role of hCES1 against HTL-associated toxicity, and warrant future studies on the possible association between specific genetic variants of hCES1 with impaired catalytic function and clinical susceptibility of HTL-associated cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yihui Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xingyu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yishuang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of JinanJinanChina
| | - Xiabin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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3
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Liu C, Yu X, Zhang M, Wang S, Ni J, Yuan X, Han H. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of Rosa davurica Pall Seed Oil on CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. J Med Food 2024; 27:636-650. [PMID: 38722249 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiating Ni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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4
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Nagaoka M, Sakai Y, Nakajima M, Fukami T. Role of carboxylesterase and arylacetamide deacetylase in drug metabolism, physiology, and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116128. [PMID: 38492781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2) and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), which are expressed primarily in the liver and/or gastrointestinal tract, hydrolyze drugs containing ester and amide bonds in their chemical structure. These enzymes often catalyze the conversion of prodrugs, including the COVID-19 drugs remdesivir and molnupiravir, to their pharmacologically active forms. Information on the substrate specificity and inhibitory properties of these enzymes, which would be useful for drug development and toxicity avoidance, has accumulated. Recently,in vitroandin vivostudies have shown that these enzymes are involved not only in drug hydrolysis but also in lipid metabolism. CES1 and CES2 are capable of hydrolyzing triacylglycerol, and the deletion of their orthologous genes in mice has been associated with impaired lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis. Adeno-associated virus-mediated human CES overexpression decreases hepatic triacylglycerol levels and increases fatty acid oxidation in mice. It has also been shown that overexpression of CES enzymes or AADAC in cultured cells suppresses the intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol. Recent reports indicate that AADAC can be up- or downregulated in tumors of various organs, and its varied expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Thus, CES and AADAC not only determine drug efficacy and toxicity but are also involved in pathophysiology. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of CES and AADAC in drug metabolism, physiology, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nagaoka
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakai
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Sargolzaei M, Nikoofard H. Design of prodrug for stereoisomers of omapatrilat to cross the blood-brain barrier using docking, homology modeling, MD, and QM/MM methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37728537 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2259488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a suitable ester prodrug for omapatrilat to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and treat CNS diseases. Based on the ADMET properties, the methyl carboxylate ester of omapatrilat was chosen from among several prodrug structures. Sixteen methyl carboxylate esters were constructed for omapatrilat. The structure of brain carboxylesterase was derived via homology modeling, and molecular docking was used to determine the most potent stereoisomers against brain carboxylesterase. The top three stereoisomer complexes, and the apo form of the protein, were then considered using molecular dynamics simulation and MM/GBSA analysis. Following the simulation, structural analysis was performed using RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bond analysis tools. Our data demonstrated that the prodrug of RSSR is a suitable structure for crossing the blood-brain barrier and binding to brain carboxylesterase. In addition, we found via QM/MM calculation that the catalytic reaction of the prodrug of RSSR against brain carboxylesterase occurs via two steps, including acylation and diacylation steps. Based on our findings, we propose a clinical trial of a methyl carboxylate ester prodrug of omapatrilat's RSSR for the treatment of brain diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sargolzaei
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikoofard
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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6
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Catalytic activities of a highly efficient cocaine hydrolase for hydrolysis of biologically active cocaine metabolites norcocaine and benzoylecgonine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:640. [PMID: 36635293 PMCID: PMC9837138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is a widely abused, hepatotoxic drug without an FDA-approved pharmacotherapy specific for cocaine addiction or overdose. It is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy to accelerate cocaine metabolism which can convert cocaine to pharmacologically inactive metabolite(s) using an efficient cocaine-metabolizing enzyme. Our previous studies have successfully designed and discovered a highly efficient cocaine hydrolase, denoted as CocH5-Fc(M6), capable of rapidly hydrolyzing cocaine at the benzoyl ester moiety. In the present study, we determined the kinetic parameters of CocH5-Fc(M6) against norcocaine (kcat = 9,210 min-1, KM = 20.9 μM, and kcat/KM = 1.87 × 105 min-1 M-1) and benzoylecgonine (kcat = 158 min-1, KM = 286 μM, and kcat/KM = 5.5 × 105 min-1 M-1) for the first time. Further in vivo studies have demonstrated that CocH5-Fc(M6) can effectively accelerate clearance of not only cocaine, but also norcocaine (known as a cocaine metabolite which is more toxic than cocaine itself) and benzoylecgonine (known as an unfavorable long-lasting metabolite with some long-term toxicity concerns) in rats. Due to the desired high catalytic activity against norcocaine, CocH5-Fc(M6) is capable of quickly detoxifying both cocaine and its more toxic metabolite norcocaine after intraperitoneally administering lethal dose of 60 or 180 mg/kg cocaine. In addition, the ability of CocH5-Fc(M6) to accelerate clearance of benzoylecgonine should also be valuable for the use of CocH5-Fc(M6) in treatment of cocaine use disorder.
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7
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Jiang Y, Stull SL, Shao Q, Yang ZJ. Convergence in determining enzyme functional descriptors across Kemp eliminase variants. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:044007. [PMID: 37425623 PMCID: PMC10327861 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1075/acad51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular simulations have been extensively employed to accelerate biocatalytic discoveries. Enzyme functional descriptors derived from molecular simulations have been leveraged to guide the search for beneficial enzyme mutants. However, the ideal active-site region size for computing the descriptors over multiple enzyme variants remains untested. Here, we conducted convergence tests for dynamics-derived and electrostatic descriptors on 18 Kemp eliminase variants across six active-site regions with various boundary distances to the substrate. The tested descriptors include the root-mean-square deviation of the active-site region, the solvent accessible surface area ratio between the substrate and active site, and the projection of the electric field (EF) on the breaking C-H bond. All descriptors were evaluated using molecular mechanics methods. To understand the effects of electronic structure, the EF was also evaluated using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods. The descriptor values were computed for 18 Kemp eliminase variants. Spearman correlation matrices were used to determine the region size condition under which further expansion of the region boundary does not substantially change the ranking of descriptor values. We observed that protein dynamics-derived descriptors, including RMSDactive_site and SASAratio, converge at a distance cutoff of 5 Å from the substrate. The electrostatic descriptor, EFC-H, converges at 6 Å using molecular mechanics methods with truncated enzyme models and 4 Å using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods with whole enzyme model. This study serves as a future reference to determine descriptors for predictive modeling of enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyukun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
| | - Sebastian L Stull
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
| | - Qianzhen Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
| | - Zhongyue J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
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8
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Wagmann L, Stiller RG, Fischmann S, Westphal F, Meyer MR. Going deeper into the toxicokinetics of synthetic cannabinoids: in vitro contribution of human carboxylesterases. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2755-2766. [PMID: 35788413 PMCID: PMC9352624 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are new psychoactive substances known to cause intoxications and fatalities. One reason may be the limited data available concerning the toxicokinetics of SC, but toxicity mechanisms are insufficiently understood so far. Human carboxylesterases (hCES) are widely known to play a crucial role in the catalytic hydrolysis of drugs (of abuse). The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro contribution of hCES to the metabolism of the 13 SC 3,5-AB-5F-FUPPYCA, AB-5F-P7AICA, A-CHMINACA, DMBA-CHMINACA, MBA-CHMINACA, MDMB-4F-BINACA, MDMB-4en-PINACA, MDMB-FUBICA, MDMB-5F-PICA, MMB-CHMICA, MMB-4en-PICA, MMB-FUBINACA, and MPhP-5F-PICA. The SC were incubated with recombinant hCES1b, hCES1c, or hCES2 and analyzed by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry to assess amide or ester hydrolysis in an initial activity screening. Enzyme kinetic studies were performed if sufficient hydrolysis was observed. No hydrolysis of the amide linker was observed using those experimental conditions. Except for MDMB-5F-PICA, ester hydrolysis was always detected if an ester group was present in the head group. In general, SC with a terminal ester bearing a small alcohol part and a larger acyl part showed higher affinity to hCES1 isozymes. Due to the low hydrolysis rates, enzyme kinetics could not be modeled for the SC with a tert-leucine-derived moiety, but hydrolysis reactions of MPhP-5F-PICA and of those containing a valine-derived moiety followed classic Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In conclusion, drug-drug/drug-food interactions or hCES polymorphisms may prolong the half-life of SC and the current results help to estimate the risk of toxicity in the future after combining them with activity and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Wagmann
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Rebecca G Stiller
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Fischmann
- State Bureau of Criminal Investigation Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Folker Westphal
- State Bureau of Criminal Investigation Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Zhang J, Xiao M, Ji X, Lai YS, Song Q, Zhang Y, Ip CM, Ng WL, Zuo Z. Inhibition of Radix Scutellariae flavones on carboxylesterase mediated activations of prodrugs. Life Sci 2022; 305:120743. [PMID: 35780840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Carboxylesterase (CES) plays an essential role in the hydrolysis of ester prodrugs. Our study explored the inhibitions of Radix Scutellariae flavones, including baicalein (B), baicalin (BG), wogonin (W), wogonoside (WG), oroxylin A (OXA) and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (OAG), on CES-mediated hydrolysis of seven prodrugs (capecitabine, clopidogrel, mycophenolate mofetil, dabigatran etexilate, acetylsalicylic acid, prasugrel and irinotecan). MAIN METHODS In vitro screenings were developed by incubating the flavones with prodrugs in rat plasma, intestine S9 and liver S9. Docking simulations were conducted using AMDock v1.5.2. In vivo evaluations were performed in rats co-administered with the selected flavone and prodrug via oral gavage/intravenous administration for five consecutive days. KEY FINDINGS The in vitro investigation showed that B and OXA demonstrated strongest inhibitions on the hydrolysis of irinotecan followed by dabigatran in rat plasma, intestine S9 and liver S9. Consistent results showed in the molecular docking analyses. Additionally, in rats receiving irinotecan, B/OXA intravenous and oral pre-treatments both led to reduction trends on the active metabolite SN-38 formation in plasma. Besides, significant decreases of SN-38/irinotecan plasma concentration ratios were found in the B/OXA oral pre-treatment group with quicker and stronger inhibition potential in OXA pre-treatment than that from B pre-treatment. OXA oral pre-treatment was also found to be able to significantly inhibit intestinal CES2 activities at 0.5 h and 5 h after irinotecan administration. SIGNIFICANCE Our current findings for the first time alert on potential CES-mediated HDIs between RS flavones and prodrugs, which provide a constructive information referring to rational drug combinations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Min Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yuen Sze Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qianbo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chung Man Ip
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wai Lung Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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11
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Lin HY, Chen X, Dong J, Yang JF, Xiao H, Ye Y, Li LH, Zhan CG, Yang WC, Yang GF. Rational Redesign of Enzyme via the Combination of Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics, Molecular Dynamics, and Structural Biology Study. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15674-15687. [PMID: 34542283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demands for efficient and versatile chemical reactions have prompted innovations in enzyme engineering. A major challenge in engineering α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenases is to develop a rational strategy which can be widely used for directly evolving the desired mutant to generate new products. Herein, we report a strategy for rational redesign of a model enzyme, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), based on quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculation and molecular dynamic simulations. This strategy enriched our understanding of the HPPD catalytic reaction pathway and led to the discovery of a series of HPPD mutants producing hydroxyphenylacetate (HPA) as the alternative product other than the native product homogentisate. The predicted HPPD-Fe(IV)═O-HPA intermediate was further confirmed by the crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD/S267W complexed with HPA. These findings not only provide a good understanding of the structure-function relationship of HPPD but also demonstrate a generally applicable platform for the development of biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Jin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Han Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hui Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
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12
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Chen X, Deng X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Yang K, Li Q, Wang J, Yao W, Tong J, Xie T, Hou S, Yao J. Computational Design and Crystal Structure of a Highly Efficient Benzoylecgonine Hydrolase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiabin Chen
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Xingyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Junsen Tong
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Shurong Hou
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
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13
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Chen X, Deng X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Yang K, Li Q, Wang J, Yao W, Tong J, Xie T, Hou S, Yao J. Computational Design and Crystal Structure of a Highly Efficient Benzoylecgonine Hydrolase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21959-21965. [PMID: 34351032 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Benzoylecgonine (BZE) is the major toxic metabolite of cocaine and is responsible for the long-term cocaine-induced toxicity owing to its long residence time in humans. BZE is also the main contaminant following cocaine consumption. Here, we identified the bacterial cocaine esterase (CocE) as a BZE-metabolizing enzyme (BZEase), which can degrade BZE into biological inactive metabolites (ecgonine and benzoic acid). CocE was redesigned by a reactant-state-based enzyme design theory. An encouraging mutant denoted as BZEase2, presented a >400-fold improved catalytic efficiency against BZE compared with wild-type (WT) CocE. In vivo, a single dose of BZEase2 (1 mg kg-1 , IV) could eliminate nearly all BZE within only two minutes, suggesting the enzyme has the potential for cocaine overdose treatment and BZE elimination in the environment by accelerating BZE clearance. The crystal structure of a designed BZEase was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Xingyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Junsen Tong
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Shurong Hou
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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14
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Zhao Y, Dong H, Ren J, Song J, Yao J, Gao J, Jiang CS, Wang X. One- and Two-Proton Transfer Mechanisms Coexist in One Active Site. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6699-6708. [PMID: 32663399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) is one of the most successfully commercialized plant activators of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, its activation (hydrolysis) mechanism catalyzed by the salicylic acid binding protein 2 (SABP2) remains elusive. The fundamental catalytic mechanism of the SABP2-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ASM had been investigated by extensive computational and experimental studies, including QM/MM simulations, charge transfer analysis, small-molecule synthesis, and biochemical assays. Here we report that the promiscuous SABP2 shows different catalytic mechanisms toward different substrates. To catalyze the ASM hydrolysis, the SABP2 uses a two-proton transfer mechanism, and the key intermediate is stabilized by the charge transfer effect; to catalyze the ethyl 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carboxylate (BTM, an ASM analogue) hydrolysis, the SABP2 applies the one-proton transfer mechanism, and the classic tetrahedral intermediate is stabilized by the electrostatic effect. The HPLC analyses of the SABP2 esterase activities toward the ASM and the BTM show comparable results with our computaional results, suggesting that the obtained computational mechanism insights are reasonable. The obtained mechanism is not only an important supplement to the theory of enzymes' catalytic promiscuity, but it also contributes a possible strategy for the design of next generation plant SAR activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Huaikun Dong
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiali Song
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Juan Gao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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15
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Pakdel M, Raissi H, Hosseini ST. Evaluation the synergistic antitumor effect of methotrexate-camptothecin codelivery prodrug from self-assembly process to acid-catalyzed both drugs release: A comprehensive theoretical study. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1486-1496. [PMID: 32190916 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic efficiency of amphiphilic methotrexate-camptothecin (MTX-CPT) prodrug compared to free drug mixture (MTX/CPT) has been investigated using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation and first principles density functional theory calculations. This comparison revealed that MTX-CPT prodrug tends to form spherical self-assembled nanoparticle (NP), while free MTX/CPT mixture forms rod-shape NP. These observations are attributed to a structural defect in the MTX-CPT prodrug and solvation free energies of MTX, CPT and MTX-CPT molecules. The results provided evidence that noncovalent interactions (NCIs) among the pharmaceutical drugs play a very important role in anticancer agents aggregation process, leading to enhanced stability of the self-assembled NPs. It is found that the stability of MTX-CPT self-assembled NP is greater than the MTX/CPT NP due to the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding between monomers and solvent (water). Moreover, the noncatalyzed as well as catalyzed hydrolysis reactions of MTX-CPT prodrug are theoretically studied at the PCM(water)//M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) computational level to shed additional light on the role of acidic condition in tumor tissues. We found that the ester hydrolysis in mild acidic solutions is a concerted reaction. In an agreement between theory and experiment, we also confirmed that the activation energies of the catalyzed-hydrolysis steps are much lower than the activation energies of the corresponding steps in the noncatalyzed reaction. Thus, the MTX-CPT prodrug reveals very promising properties as a pH-controlled drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Pakdel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Heidar Raissi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyede T Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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16
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Effects of Cebranopadol on Cocaine-induced Hyperactivity and Cocaine Pharmacokinetics in Rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9254. [PMID: 32518276 PMCID: PMC7283222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cebranopadol is known as a highly potent analgesic. Recent studies also demonstrated that administration of cebranopadol significantly decreased cocaine self-administration and significantly reduced cue-induced cocaine-seeking behaviors in rats. However, it was unclear whether these interesting behavioral observations are related to any potential effects of cebranopadol on cocaine pharmacokinetics or cocaine-induced hyperactivity. In principle, a promising therapeutic candidate for cocaine dependence treatment may alter the cocaine pharmacokinetics and/or attenuate cocaine-induced reward and hyperactivity and, thus, decrease cocaine self-administration and reduce cue-induced cocaine-seeking behaviors. In this study, we examined possible effects of cebranopadol on cocaine pharmacokinetics and cocaine-induced hyperactivity for the first time. According to our animal data in rats, cebranopadol did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of cocaine. According to our more extensive locomotor activity testing data, cebranopadol itself also dose-dependently induced hyperactivity in rats at doses higher than 50 µg/kg. Cebranopadol at a low dose of 25 µg/kg (p.o.) did not induce significant hyperactivity itself, but significantly potentiated cocaine-induced hyperactivity on Days 4 to 7 after the repeated daily dosing of the drug.
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17
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Lai Q, Wu M, Wang R, Lai W, Tao Y, Lu Y, Wang Y, Yu L, Zhang R, Peng Y, Jiang X, Fu Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Guo C, Liao W, Zhang Y, Kang T, Chen H, Yao Y, Gou L, Yang J. Cryptophycin-55/52 based antibody-drug conjugates: Synthesis, efficacy, and mode of action studies. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112364. [PMID: 32402935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cryptophycin-52 (CR52), a tubulin inhibitor, exhibits promising antitumor activity in vitro (picomolar level) and in mouse xenograft models. However, the narrow therapeutic window in clinical trials limits its further development. Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), formed by coupling cytotoxic compound (payload) to an antibody via a linker, can deliver drug to tumor locations in a targeted manner by antibody, enhancing the therapeutic effects and reducing toxic and side effects. In this study, we aim to explore the possibility of CR52-based ADC for tumor targeted therapy. Due to the lack of a coupling site in CR52, its prodrug cryptophycin-55 (CR55) containing a free hydroxyl was synthesized and conjugated to the model antibody trastuzumab (anti-HER2 antibody drug approved by FDA for breast cancer therapy) via the linkers based on Mc-NHS and Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-PNP. The average drug-to-antibody ratios (DARs) of trastuzumab-CR55 conjugates (named T-L1-CR55, T-L2-CR55, and T-L3-CR55) were 3.50, 3.29, and 3.35, respectively. These conjugates exhibited potent cytotoxicity in HER2-positive tumor cell lines with IC50 values at low nanomolar levels (0.58-1.19 nM). Further, they displayed significant antitumor activities at the doses of 10 mg/kg in established ovarian cancer (SKOV3) and gastric cancer (NCI-N87) xenograft models without overt toxicities. Finally, the drug releases were analyzed and the results indicated that T-L3-CR55 was able to effectively release CR55 and further epoxidized to CR52, which may be responsible for its best performance in antitumor activities. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that these conjugates have the potential for tumor targeted therapy, which provides insights to further research the CR55/CR52-based ADC for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mengdan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Weirong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yiran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/ Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, PR China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yuyin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Cuiyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wei Liao
- The 32265 Army Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tairan Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/ Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lantu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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18
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Yan M, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Fan S, Yang Z. Catalytic Hydrolysis Mechanism of Cocaine by Human Carboxylesterase 1: An Orthoester Intermediate Slows Down the Reaction. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224057. [PMID: 31717501 PMCID: PMC6891567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1) is a major carboxylesterase in the human body and plays important roles in the metabolism of a wide variety of substances, including lipids and drugs, and therefore is attracting more and more attention from areas including lipid metabolism, pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions, and prodrug activation. In this work, we studied the catalytic hydrolysis mechanism of hCES1 by the quantum mechanics computation method, using cocaine as a model substrate. Our results support the four-step theory of the esterase catalytic hydrolysis mechanism, in which both the acylation stage and the deacylation stage include two transition states and a tetrahedral intermediate. The roles and cooperation of the catalytic triad, S221, H468, and E354, were also analyzed in this study. Moreover, orthoester intermediates were found in hCES1-catalyzed cocaine hydrolysis reaction, which significantly elevate the free energy barrier and slow down the reaction. Based on this finding, we propose that hCES1 substrates with β-aminocarboxylester structure might form orthoester intermediates in hCES1-catalyzed hydrolysis, and therefore prolong their in vivo half-life. Thus, this study helps to clarify the catalytic mechanism of hCES1 and elucidates important details of its catalytic process, and furthermore, provides important insights into the metabolism of hCES1 substrates and drug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (Z.Y.); Tel.: +86-(633)-2983781 (M.Y.); +86-(10)-63165283 (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Jingchang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Shuai Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (Z.Y.); Tel.: +86-(633)-2983781 (M.Y.); +86-(10)-63165283 (Z.Y.)
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19
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Wang X, Li Y, Chen X, Zhou Z, Yao J. Human Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 Is an Isomerase: Carboxyl Transfer Is Activated by Catalytic Effect of Isomerization. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6757-6764. [PMID: 31306022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its related diseases such as cancer and diabetes are leading life-threatening issues in the modern world. Thus, new drugs toward obesity and obesity-caused diseases are highly desired. Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (hACC1) in charge of the rate-limiting step of the human fatty acid synthesis was recognized as an attractive target for rational drug design. The fundamental reaction mechanism and nature of the transition state of hACC1 remain unclear. In this study, combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM), molecular dynamics (MD), and free-energy simulations were performed to investigate the catalytic mechanism of the hACC1-catalyzed carboxyl-transfer reaction. Our computational results show a three-step mechanism for carboxyl transferase (CT)-catalyzed reaction, including isomerization of carboxybiotin, proton-transfer from acetyl-CoA to carboxybiotin, and carboxylation of acetyl-CoA enolate. Interestingly, isomerization of carboxybiotin is the rate-limiting step of the entire reaction pathway, indicating hACC1 has the catalytic effect of isomerization and thus might be an isomerase also. The activation free-energy barrier of carboxyl-transfer catalyzed by hACC1 was calculated to be 16.4 kcal/mol, in excellent agreement with the experimental result (16.7 kcal/mol). The obtained reaction mechanism together with the nature of the transition state provides helpful knowledge not only for future investigation of other ACCs but also for rational design of hACC1 inhibitors, such as TS analogue. The catalytic effect of hACC1 isomerization is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Yajing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050000 , China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
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20
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Wang X, Bakanina Kissanga GM, Li E, Li Q, Yao J. The catalytic mechanism of S-acyltransferases: acylation is triggered on by a loose transition state and deacylation is turned off by a tight transition state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12163-12172. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of S-acyltransferase is characterized by a loose transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | | | - E. Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
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