1
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Zhang G, Wang B, Wu H, Zhang J, Lian S, Bai W, Zhang S, Liu Z, Yang S, Ding G, Ye C, Zheng L, Wang G. Nitrogen-Doped 3D-Graphene Advances Near-Infrared Photodetector for Logic Circuits and Image Sensors Overcoming 2D Limitations. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10062-10071. [PMID: 39038033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The limitations of two-dimensional (2D) graphene in broadband photodetector are overcome by integrating nitrogen (N) doping into three-dimensional (3D) structures within silicon (Si) via plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) technology. This contributes to the construction of vertical Schottky heterojunction broad-spectrum photodetectors and applications in logic devices and image sensors. The natural nanoscale resonant cavity structure of 3D-graphene enhances photon capture efficiency, thereby increasing photocarrier generation. N-doping can fine-tune the electronic structure, advancing the Schottky barrier height and reducing dark current. The as-fabricated photodetector exhibits exceptional self-driven photoresponse, especially at 1550 nm, with an excellent photoresponsivity (79.6 A/W), specific detectivity (1013 Jones), and rapid response of 130 μs. Moreover, it enables logic circuits, high-resolution pattern image recognition, and broadband spectra recording across the visible to near-infrared range (400-1550 nm). This research will provide new views and technical support for the development and widespread application of high-performance semiconductor-based graphene broadband detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Zhang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Bingkun Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiu Zhang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Shanshui Lian
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Bai
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Zhiduo Liu
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Caichao Ye
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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2
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Blaga C, Labordet Álvarez Á, Balgarkashi A, Banerjee M, Fontcuberta I Morral A, Dimitrievska M. Unveiling the complex phonon nature and phonon cascades in 1L to 5L WSe 2 using multiwavelength excitation Raman scattering. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024:d4na00399c. [PMID: 39157051 PMCID: PMC11325308 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is a 2D semiconducting material, promising for novel optoelectronic and phononic applications. WSe2 has complex lattice dynamics and phonon structure. Numerous discrepancies in the literature exist regarding the interpretation and identification of phonon modes. This work presents a complete investigation of the vibrational properties of 1L to 5L flakes and bulk WSe2 using multi-wavelength Raman spectroscopy. We especially highlight measurements using 785 nm excitation, which have not been performed before. These allow us to solve inconsistences in the literature in terms of defect-activated non-Γ point single phonon modes and Breit-Wigner-Fano type resonance. We identify 35 Raman peaks per flake thickness, which we attribute to either one-phonon or multi-phonon modes, including two-phonon scattering due to a van Hove singularity (vHs). The measurements are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. Using photoluminescence measurements, we identify photon-exciton coupling leading to resonant Raman scattering, suggesting wavelength laser excitations best suited for further investigations of specific WSe2 flake thicknesses. Finally, we report the observation of phonon-cascades for all WSe2 flake thicknesses, indicating strong phonon-electron interactions during early carrier relaxation processes in WSe2. This research provides a solid foundation and reference for future investigations of the vibrational properties of WSe2, paving the way for further development of this material towards applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Blaga
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ángel Labordet Álvarez
- Nanomaterials Spectroscopy and Imaging Group, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology (EMPA) Ueberlandstrasse 129 8600 Duebendorf Switzerland
| | - Akshay Balgarkashi
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mitali Banerjee
- Laboratory of Quantum Physics, Topology and Correlations, Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mirjana Dimitrievska
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Nanomaterials Spectroscopy and Imaging Group, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology (EMPA) Ueberlandstrasse 129 8600 Duebendorf Switzerland
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3
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Sturdza BK, Kong F, Yao X, Niu W, Ma J, Feng X, Riede MK, Bogani L, Nicholas RJ. Emissive brightening in molecular graphene nanoribbons by twilight states. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2985. [PMID: 38582761 PMCID: PMC10998898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are expected to be bright and efficient emitters, but structural disorder, intermolecular interactions and the intrinsic presence of dark states suppress their photoluminescence. Here, we study synthetically-made graphene nanoribbons with atomically precise edges and which are designed to suppress intermolecular interactions to demonstrate strong photoluminescence in both solutions and thin films. The resulting high spectral resolution reveals strong vibron-electron coupling from the radial-breathing-like mode of the ribbons. In addition, their cove-edge structure produces inter-valley mixing, which brightens conventionally-dark states to generate hitherto-unrecognised twilight states as predicted by theory. The coupling of these states to the nanoribbon phonon modes affects absorption and emission differently, suggesting a complex interaction with both Herzberg-Teller and Franck- Condon coupling present. Detailed understanding of the fundamental electronic processes governing the optical response will help the tailored chemical design of nanocarbon optical devices, via gap tuning and side-chain functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd K Sturdza
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
| | - Fanmiao Kong
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhui Niu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Moritz K Riede
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florence, V. della Lastruccia, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Robin J Nicholas
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
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4
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Li G, Wang H, Loes M, Saxena A, Yin J, Sarker M, Choi S, Aluru N, Lyding JW, Sinitskii A, Dong G. Hybrid Edge Results in Narrowed Band Gap: Bottom-up Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Bent N = 6/8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4297-4307. [PMID: 38253346 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of graphene nanoribbons with narrow band gaps has been a nontrivial challenge. Here, we have developed a simple approach to access narrow band gaps using hybrid edge structures. Bottom-up liquid-phase synthesis of bent N = 6/8 armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) has been achieved in high efficiency through copolymerization between an o-terphenyl monomer and a naphthalene-based monomer, followed by Scholl oxidation. An unexpected 1,2-aryl migration has been discovered, which is responsible for introducing kinked structures into the GNR backbones. The N = 6/8 AGNRs have been fully characterized to support the proposed structure and show a narrow band gap and a relatively high electrical conductivity. In addition, their application in efficient gas sensing has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael Loes
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mamun Sarker
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Narayana Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph W Lyding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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5
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Nagahara T, Camargo FVA, Xu F, Ganzer L, Russo M, Zhang P, Perri A, de la Cruz Valbuena G, Heisler IA, D’Andrea C, Polli D, Müllen K, Feng X, Mai Y, Cerullo G. Electronic Structure of Isolated Graphene Nanoribbons in Solution Revealed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:797-804. [PMID: 38189787 PMCID: PMC10811683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Structurally well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are nanostructures with unique optoelectronic properties. In the liquid phase, strong aggregation typically hampers the assessment of their intrinsic properties. Recently we reported a novel type of GNRs, decorated with aliphatic side chains, yielding dispersions consisting mostly of isolated GNRs. Here we employ two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to unravel the optical properties of isolated GNRs and disentangle the transitions underlying their broad and rather featureless absorption band. We observe that vibronic coupling, typically neglected in modeling, plays a dominant role in the optical properties of GNRs. Moreover, a strong environmental effect is revealed by a large inhomogeneous broadening of the electronic transitions. Finally, we also show that the photoexcited bright state decays, on the 150 fs time scale, to a dark state which is in thermal equilibrium with the bright state, that remains responsible for the emission on nanosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Nagahara
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto
Institute of Technology, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Fugui Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for
Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Russo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for
Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Antonio Perri
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ismael A. Heisler
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Caixa
Postal 19044, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische
Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for
Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- IFN-CNR, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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6
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Inose T, Toyouchi S, Hara S, Sugioka S, Walke P, Oyabu R, Fortuni B, Peeters W, Usami Y, Hirai K, De Feyter S, Uji-I H, Fujita Y, Tanaka H. Visualizing Ribbon-to-Ribbon Heterogeneity of Chemically Unzipped Wide Graphene Nanoribbons by Silver Nanowire-Based Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2301841. [PMID: 37649218 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), a quasi-one-dimensional form of graphene, have gained tremendous attention due to their potential for next-generation nanoelectronic devices. The chemical unzipping of carbon nanotubes is one of the attractive fabrication methods to obtain single-layered GNRs (sGNRs) with simple and large-scale production. The authors recently found that unzipping from double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), rather than single- or multi-walled, results in high-yield production of crystalline sGNRs. However, details of the resultant GNR structure, as well as the reaction mechanism, are not fully understood due to the necessity of nanoscale spectroscopy. In this regard, silver nanowire-based tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is applied for single GNR analysis and investigated ribbon-to-ribbon heterogeneity in terms of defect density and edge structure generated through the unzipping process. The authors found that sGNRs originated from the inner walls of DWNTs showed lower defect densities than those from the outer walls. Furthermore, TERS spectra of sGNRs exhibit a large variety in graphitic Raman parameters, indicating a large variation in edge structures. This work at the single GNR level reveals, for the first time, ribbon-to-ribbon heterogeneity that can never be observed by diffraction-limited techniques and provides deeper insights into unzipped GNR structure as well as the DWNT unzipping reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Inose
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, iCeMS Research Bldg, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Toyouchi
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Hara
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Shoji Sugioka
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Peter Walke
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia
| | - Rikuto Oyabu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Beatrice Fortuni
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Wannes Peeters
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Yuki Usami
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
- Research Center for Neuromorphic AI Hardware, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirai
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, iCeMS Research Bldg, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Fujita
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Toray Research Center, Inc., Sonoyama 3-3-7, Otsu, Shiga, 520-8567, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST Chugoku), Kagamiyama 3-11-32, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
- Research Center for Neuromorphic AI Hardware, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
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7
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Borin Barin G, Di Giovannantonio M, Lohr TG, Mishra S, Kinikar A, Perrin ML, Overbeck J, Calame M, Feng X, Fasel R, Ruffieux P. On-surface synthesis and characterization of teranthene and hexanthene: ultrashort graphene nanoribbons with mixed armchair and zigzag edges. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16766-16774. [PMID: 37818609 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) exhibit a broad range of physicochemical properties that critically depend on their width and edge topology. GNRs with armchair edges (AGNRs) are usually more stable than their counterparts with zigzag edges (ZGNRs) where the low-energy spin-polarized edge states render the ribbons prone to being altered by undesired chemical reactions. On the other hand, such edge-localized states make ZGNRs highly appealing for applications in spintronic and quantum technologies. For GNRs fabricated via on-surface synthesis under ultrahigh vacuum conditions on metal substrates, the expected reactivity of zigzag edges is a serious concern in view of substrate transfer and device integration under ambient conditions, but corresponding investigations are scarce. Using 10-bromo-9,9':10',9''-teranthracene as a precursor, we have thus synthesized hexanthene (HA) and teranthene (TA) as model compounds for ultrashort GNRs with mixed armchair and zigzag edges, characterized their chemical and electronic structure by means of scanning probe methods, and studied their chemical reactivity upon air exposure by Raman spectroscopy. We present a detailed identification of molecular orbitals and vibrational modes, assign their origin to armchair or zigzag edges, and discuss the chemical reactivity of these edges based on characteristic Raman spectral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Borin Barin
- Nanotech@Surfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Nanotech@Surfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Thorsten G Lohr
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Shantanu Mishra
- Nanotech@Surfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Amogh Kinikar
- Nanotech@Surfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Overbeck
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michel Calame
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- Nanotech@Surfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Nanotech@Surfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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8
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Lindenthal S, Fazzi D, Zorn NF, El Yumin AA, Settele S, Weidinger B, Blasco E, Zaumseil J. Understanding the Optical Properties of Doped and Undoped 9-Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons in Dispersion. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18240-18252. [PMID: 37695780 PMCID: PMC10540269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons are one-dimensional stripes of graphene with width- and edge-structure-dependent electronic properties. They can be synthesized bottom-up in solution to obtain precise ribbon geometries. Here we investigate the optical properties of solution-synthesized 9-armchair graphene nanoribbons (9-aGNRs) that are stabilized as dispersions in organic solvents and further fractionated by liquid cascade centrifugation (LCC). Absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy reveal two near-infrared absorption and emission peaks whose ratios depend on the LCC fraction. Low-temperature single-nanoribbon photoluminescence spectra suggest the presence of two different nanoribbon species. Based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations, the lowest energy transition can be assigned to pristine 9-aGNRs, while 9-aGNRs with edge-defects, caused by incomplete graphitization, result in more blue-shifted transitions and higher Raman D/G-mode ratios. Hole doping of 9-aGNR dispersions with the electron acceptor F4TCNQ leads to concentration dependent bleaching and quenching of the main absorption and emission bands and the appearance of red-shifted, charge-induced absorption features but no additional emission peaks, thus indicating the formation of polarons instead of the predicted trions (charged excitons) in doped 9-aGNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolas F. Zorn
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Simon Settele
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Weidinger
- Institute
for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials and Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute
for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials and Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Hembram KPSS, Kim JG, Lee SG, Park J, Lee JK. Radial-tangential mode of single-wall carbon nanotubes manifested by Landau regulation: reinterpretation of low- and intermediate-frequency Raman signals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5012. [PMID: 36973343 PMCID: PMC10042836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The low-frequency Raman signals of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), appearing in the range of 100-300 cm-1, have been interpreted as radial-breathing mode (RBM) comprising pure radial Eigenvectors. Here, we report that most of the low-frequency and intermediate-frequency signals of SWNTs are radial-tangential modes (RTMs) coexisting radial and tangential Eigenvectors, while only the first peak at the low-frequency side is the RBM. Density functional theory simulation for SWNTs of ~ 2 nm in diameter shows that dozens of RTMs exhibit following the RBM (~ 150 cm-1) up to G-mode (~ 1592 cm-1) in order with Landau regulation. We specify the RBM and the RTM on Raman spectra obtained from SWNTs, where both appear as prominent peaks between 149 and 170 cm-1 and ripple-like peaks between 166 and 1440 cm-1, respectively. We report that the RTMs have been regarded as RBM (~ 300 cm-1) and ambiguously named as intermediate-frequency mode (300-1300 cm-1) without assignment. The RTMs gradually interlink the RBM and the G-mode resulting in the symmetric Raman spectra in intensity. We reveal high-resolution transmission microscope evidence for a helical structure of SWNTs, informing the typical diameter of commercial SWNTs to be 1.4-2 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P S S Hembram
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gyu Kim
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gil Lee
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwon Park
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jae-Kap Lee
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Milotti V, Berkmann C, Laranjeira J, Cui W, Cao K, Zhang Y, Kaiser U, Yanagi K, Melle-Franco M, Shi L, Pichler T, Ayala P. Unravelling the Complete Raman Response of Graphene Nanoribbons Discerning the Signature of Edge Passivation. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200110. [PMID: 35733057 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the edge morphology and terminations of graphene nanoribbons (GNR) allows tailoring their electronic properties and boosts their application potential. One way of making such structures is encapsulating them inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. Despite the versatility of Raman spectroscopy to resolve strong spectral signals of these systems, discerning the response of long nanoribbons from that of any residual precursor remaining outside after synthesis has been so far elusive. Here, the terrylene dye is used as precursor to make long and ultra-narrow armchair-edged GNR inside nanotubes. The alignment and characteristic length of terrylene encapsulated parallel to the tube's axis facilitates the ribbon formation via polymerization, with high stability up to 750 °C when the hybrid system is kept in high vacuum. A high temperature annealing is used to remove the terrylene external molecules and a subtraction model based on the determination of a scaling factor related to the G-band response of the system is developed. This not only represents a critical step forward toward the analysis of the nanoribbon-nanotube system, but it is a study that enables unraveling the Raman signatures of the individual CH-modes (the signature of edge passivation) for GNR for the first time with unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Milotti
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jorge Laranjeira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Weili Cui
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-039, Japan
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paola Ayala
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Forero‐Martinez NC, Lin K, Kremer K, Andrienko D. Virtual Screening for Organic Solar Cells and Light Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200825. [PMID: 35460204 PMCID: PMC9259727 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic semiconductors is multifaceted and the potentially suitable molecular compounds are very diverse. Representative examples include discotic liquid crystals, dye-sensitized solar cells, conjugated polymers, and graphene-based low-dimensional materials. This huge variety not only represents enormous challenges for synthesis but also for theory, which aims at a comprehensive understanding and structuring of the plethora of possible compounds. Eventually computational methods should point to new, better materials, which have not yet been synthesized. In this perspective, it is shown that the answer to this question rests upon the delicate balance between computational efficiency and accuracy of the methods used in the virtual screening. To illustrate the fundamentals of virtual screening, chemical design of non-fullerene acceptors, thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters, and nanographenes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun‐Han Lin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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12
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Initial Coupling and Reaction Progression of Directly Deposited Biradical Graphene Nanoribbon Monomers on Iodine-Passivated Versus Pristine Ag(111). CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of widely applicable methods for the synthesis of C-C-bonded nanostructures on inert and insulating surfaces is a challenging yet rewarding milestone in the field of on-surface synthesis. This would enable studies of nearly unperturbed covalent nanostructures with unique electronic properties as graphene nanoribbons (GNR) and π-conjugated 2D polymers. The prevalent Ullmann-type couplings are almost exclusively carried out on metal surfaces to lower the temperature required for initial dehalogenation well below the desorption threshold. To overcome the necessity for the activation of monomers on the target surface, we employ a recently developed Radical Deposition Source (RaDeS) for the direct deposition of radicals onto inert surfaces for subsequent coupling by addition reactions. The radicals are generated en route by indirect deposition of halogenated precursors through a heated reactive tube, where the dehalogenation reaction proceeds. Here, we use the ditopic 6,11-diiodo-1,2,3,4-tetraphenyltriphenylene (DITTP) precursor that afforded chevron-like GNR on Au(111) via the usual two-staged reaction comprised of monomer-coupling into covalent polymers and subsequent formation of an extended GNR by intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation (CDH). As a model system for inert surfaces, we use Ag(111) passivated with a closed monolayer of chemisorbed iodine that behaves in an inert manner with respect to dehalogenation reactions and facilitates the progressive coupling of radicals into extended covalent structures. We deposit the DITTP-derived biradicals onto both iodine-passivated and pristine Ag(111) surfaces. While on the passivated surface, we directly observe the formation of covalent polymers, on pristine Ag(111) organometallic intermediates emerge instead. This has decisive consequences for the further progression of the reaction: heating the organometallic chain directly on Ag(111) results in complete desorption, whereas the covalent polymer on iodine-passivated Ag(111) can be transformed into the GNR. Yet, the respective CDH proceeds directly on Ag(111) after thermal desorption of the iodine passivation. Accordingly, future work is aimed at the further development of approaches for the complete synthesis of GNR on inert surfaces.
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13
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Self-assembly and photoinduced fabrication of conductive nanographene wires on boron nitride. Nat Commun 2022; 13:442. [PMID: 35064113 PMCID: PMC8782843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manufacturing molecule-based functional elements directly at device interfaces is a frontier in bottom-up materials engineering. A longstanding challenge in the field is the covalent stabilization of pre-assembled molecular architectures to afford nanodevice components. Here, we employ the controlled supramolecular self-assembly of anthracene derivatives on a hexagonal boron nitride sheet, to generate nanographene wires through photo-crosslinking and thermal annealing. Specifically, we demonstrate µm-long nanowires with an average width of 200 nm, electrical conductivities of 106 S m−1 and breakdown current densities of 1011 A m−2. Joint experiments and simulations reveal that hierarchical self-assembly promotes their formation and functional properties. Our approach demonstrates the feasibility of combined bottom-up supramolecular templating and top-down manufacturing protocols for graphene nanomaterials and interconnects, towards integrated carbon nanodevices. The bottom-up fabrication of structures with robust performance in the nm-to-μm scale usable for integrated carbon nanodevices is challenging. Here the authors report micrometer-long, highly conducting nanographene wires following self-assembly, photo-crosslinking and thermal annealing of anthracene derivatives on hexagonal boron nitride sheets.
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14
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Wang X, Ma J, Zheng W, Osella S, Arisnabarreta N, Droste J, Serra G, Ivasenko O, Lucotti A, Beljonne D, Bonn M, Liu X, Hansen MR, Tommasini M, De Feyter S, Liu J, Wang HI, Feng X. Cove-Edged Graphene Nanoribbons with Incorporation of Periodic Zigzag-Edge Segments. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:228-235. [PMID: 34962807 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Structurally precision graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising candidates for next-generation nanoelectronics due to their intriguing and tunable electronic structures. GNRs with hybrid edge structures often confer them unique geometries associated with exotic physicochemical properties. Herein, a novel type of cove-edged GNRs with periodic short zigzag-edge segments is demonstrated. The bandgap of this GNR family can be tuned using an interplay between the length of the zigzag segments and the distance of two adjacent cove units along the opposite edges, which can be converted from semiconducting to nearly metallic. A family member with periodic cove-zigzag edges based on N = 6 zigzag-edged GNR, namely 6-CZGNR-(2,1), is successfully synthesized in solution through the Scholl reaction of a unique snakelike polymer precursor (10) that is achieved by the Yamamoto coupling of a structurally flexible S-shaped phenanthrene-based monomer (1). The efficiency of cyclodehydrogenation of polymer 10 toward 6-CZGNR-(2,1) is validated by FT-IR, Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopies, as well as by the study of two representative model compounds (2 and 3). Remarkably, the resultant 6-CZGNR-(2,1) exhibits an extended and broad absorption in the near-infrared region with a record narrow optical bandgap of 0.99 eV among the reported solution-synthesized GNRs. Moreover, 6-CZGNR-(2,1) exhibits a high macroscopic carrier mobility of ∼20 cm2 V-1 s-1 determined by terahertz spectroscopy, primarily due to the intrinsically small effective mass (m*e = m*h = 0.17 m0), rendering this GNR a promising candidate for nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, P.R. China.,Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolás Arisnabarreta
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfal̈ische Wilhelms-Universitaẗ Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfal̈ische Wilhelms-Universitaẗ Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120 Germany
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15
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Qiu Z, Narita A, Müllen K. Spiers Memorial Lecture. Carbon nanostructures by macromolecular design - from branched polyphenylenes to nanographenes and graphene nanoribbons. Faraday Discuss 2021; 227:8-45. [PMID: 33290471 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are unique connectors between the domains of 1D-conjugated polymers and 2D-graphenes. They can be synthesized with high precision by oxidative flattening processes from dendritic or branched 3D-polyphenylene precursors. Their size, shape and edge type enable not only accurate control of classical (opto)electronic properties, but also access to unprecedented high-spin structures and exotic quantum states. NGs and GNRs serve as active components of devices such as field-effect transistors and as ideal objects for nanoscience. This field of research includes their synthesis after the deposition of suitable monomers on surfaces. An additional advantage of this novel concept is in situ monitoring of the reactions by scanning tunnelling microscopy and electronic characterization of the products by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Li D, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wang D, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yu X, Zhao Q, Xing B. A flexible and salt-rejecting electrospun film-based solar evaporator for economic, stable and efficient solar desalination and wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128916. [PMID: 33213877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, interfacial solar evaporation has been developed for water treatment. However, the high cost and low stability of solar evaporators significantly hinder their practical applications. In this study, layered graphene and polymethylmethacrylate were used to fabricate a composited film (GF) by electrospinning, which acted as a solar absorber. Together with a water transporter (polyurethane sponge) and a thermal insulator (polystyrene foam), the GF-based evaporator was constructed for solar distillation. Taking advantage of the porous three-dimensional structure of GF, the light path could be extended, rendering an efficient broadband solar absorption (92%). More importantly, although the content of layered graphene in the GF-based evaporator (1.75 g m-2) was only 5.8-17.5% of that in the current reported graphene-based evaporators (10-30 g m-2), a comparable water evaporation efficiency was acquired, which was induced by the much higher utilization efficiency of photothermal nanomaterials in the GF-based evaporator than that in the reported devices, ensuring its economic feasibility. Meanwhile, more than 99.9% heavy metal ions and 99.8% organic dye could be removed by the GF-based evaporator. Combining the merits of long-term and stable evaporation, salt rejection, and resistance to harsh environment, the GF-based evaporator was promising for freshwater recycling from both seawater and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, And School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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17
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Milotti V, Melle-Franco M, Steiner AK, Verbitskii I, Amsharov K, Pichler T. In situ laser annealing as pathway for the metal free synthesis of tailored nanographenes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:703-709. [PMID: 36133840 PMCID: PMC9416805 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailored synthesis of nanographenes, and especially graphene nanoribbons (GNR), has been achieved on metal substrates via a bottom-up approach from organic precursors, which paves the way to their application in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Since quantum confinement in nanographenes leads to the creation of peculiar band structures, strongly influenced by their topological characteristics, it is important to be able to exactly engineer them in order to precisely tune their electronic, optical and magnetic properties. However practical application of these materials requires post-synthesis transfer to insulating substrates. Recently, cyclodehydrofluorination of fluorinated organic precursors has been shown to be a promising pathway to achieve metal-free bottom-up synthesis of nanographenes. Here we present how to apply in situ laser annealing to induce cyclodehydrofluorination leading to nanographene formation directly on non-metallic surfaces. In this work, we analyze the changes in the Raman fingerprint of the fluorinated precursor tetrafluoro-diphenyl-quinquephenyl (TDQ) during the laser annealing process in high vacuum (HV), demonstrating that both heating and photo-induced processes influence the cyclization process. Hence, in situ laser annealing allows not only to influence chemical reactions, but also to have a fast and contact-free monitoring of the reaction products. Optimization of the laser annealing process adds a new level of control in the tailored synthesis of nanographenes on non-metallic substrates. This is a very promising pathway to unravel the full application potential of nanographenes in general and GNR in particular, enabling a fast optimization of precursor molecules and substrate geometry engineered for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Milotti
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna Strudlhofgasse 4 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ann-Kristin Steiner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ivan Verbitskii
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna Strudlhofgasse 4 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg 06108 Halle Germany
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna Strudlhofgasse 4 1090 Vienna Austria
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18
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Picheau E, Impellizzeri A, Rybkovskiy D, Bayle M, Mevellec JY, Hof F, Saadaoui H, Noé L, Torres Dias AC, Duvail JL, Monthioux M, Humbert B, Puech P, Ewels CP, Pénicaud A. Intense Raman D Band without Disorder in Flattened Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:596-603. [PMID: 33444504 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Above a critical diameter, single- or few-walled carbon nanotubes spontaneously collapse as flattened carbon nanotubes. Raman spectra of isolated flattened and cylindrical carbon nanotubes have been recorded. The collapse provokes an intense and narrow D band, despite the absence of any lattice disorder. The curvature change near the edge cavities activates a D band, despite framework continuity. Theoretical calculations based on Placzek approximation fully corroborate this experimental finding. Usually used as a tool to quantify defect density in graphenic structures, the D band cannot be used as such in the presence of a graphene fold. This conclusion should serve as a basis to revisit materials comprising structural distortion where poor carbon organization was concluded on a Raman basis. Our finding also emphasizes the different visions of a defect between chemists and physicists, a possible source of confusion for researchers working in nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Picheau
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anthony Impellizzeri
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Dmitry Rybkovskiy
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow 121025, Russia
| | - Maxime Bayle
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mevellec
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ferdinand Hof
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hassan Saadaoui
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Laure Noé
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Abraao Cefas Torres Dias
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Jean-Luc Duvail
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marc Monthioux
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Bernard Humbert
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Puech
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Christopher P Ewels
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Alain Pénicaud
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
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19
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Schultz JF, Mahapatra S, Li L, Jiang N. The Expanding Frontiers of Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1313-1340. [PMID: 32419485 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820932229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of chemistry and physical properties at the nanoscale enables the rational design of interface-based systems. Surface interactions underlie numerous technologies ranging from catalysis to organic thin films to biological systems. Since surface environments are especially prone to heterogeneity, it becomes crucial to characterize these systems with spatial resolution sufficient to localize individual active sites or defects. Spectroscopy presents as a powerful means to understand these interactions, but typical light-based techniques lack sufficient spatial resolution. This review describes the growing number of applications for the nanoscale spectroscopic technique, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), with a focus on developments in areas that involve measurements in new environmental conditions, such as liquid, electrochemical, and ultrahigh vacuum. The expansion into unique environments enables the ability to spectroscopically define chemistry at the spatial limit. Through the confinement and enhancement of light at the apex of a plasmonic scanning probe microscopy tip, TERS is able to yield vibrational fingerprint information of molecules and materials with nanoscale resolution, providing insight into highly localized chemical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
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20
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Niu W, Ma J, Soltani P, Zheng W, Liu F, Popov AA, Weigand JJ, Komber H, Poliani E, Casiraghi C, Droste J, Hansen MR, Osella S, Beljonne D, Bonn M, Wang HI, Feng X, Liu J, Mai Y. A Curved Graphene Nanoribbon with Multi-Edge Structure and High Intrinsic Charge Carrier Mobility. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18293-18298. [PMID: 33078947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Structurally well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have emerged as highly promising materials for the next-generation nanoelectronics. The electronic properties of GNRs critically depend on their edge topologies. Here, we demonstrate the efficient synthesis of a curved GNR (cGNR) with a combined cove, zigzag, and armchair edge structure, through bottom-up synthesis. The curvature of the cGNR is elucidated by the corresponding model compounds tetrabenzo[a,cd,j,lm]perylene (1) and diphenanthrene-fused tetrabenzo[a,cd,j,lm]perylene (2), the structures of which are unambiguously confirmed by the X-ray single-crystal analysis. The resultant multi-edged cGNR exhibits a well-resolved absorption at the near-infrared (NIR) region with a maximum peak at 850 nm, corresponding to a narrow optical energy gap of ∼1.22 eV. Employing THz spectroscopy, we disclose a long scattering time of ∼60 fs, corresponding to a record intrinsic charge carrier mobility of ∼600 cm2 V-1 s-1 for photogenerated charge carriers in cGNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paniz Soltani
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Department of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuele Poliani
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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21
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Cavani N, De Corato M, Ruini A, Prezzi D, Molinari E, Lodi Rizzini A, Rosi A, Biagi R, Corradini V, Wang XY, Feng X, Narita A, Müllen K, De Renzi V. Vibrational signature of the graphene nanoribbon edge structure from high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19681-19688. [PMID: 32996531 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up approaches exploiting on-surface synthesis reactions allow atomic-scale precision in the fabrication of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs); this is essential for their technological applications since their unique electronic and optical properties are largely controlled by the specific edge structure. By means of a combined experimental-theoretical investigation of some prototype GNRs, we show here that high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) can be successfully employed to fingerprint the details of the GNR edge structure. In particular, we demonstrate how the features of HREEL vibrational spectra - mainly dictated by edge CH out-of-plane modes - are unambiguously related to the GNR edge structure. Moreover, we single out those modes which are localized at the GNR termini and show how their relative intensity can be related to the average GNR length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cavani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy. and Centro S3, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Marzio De Corato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Alice Ruini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy. and Centro S3, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Deborah Prezzi
- Centro S3, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy. and Centro S3, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Alberto Lodi Rizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Agnese Rosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Roberto Biagi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy. and Centro S3, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | | | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Valentina De Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy. and Centro S3, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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22
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Li YL, Zee CT, Lin JB, Basile VM, Muni M, Flores MD, Munárriz J, Kaner RB, Alexandrova AN, Houk KN, Tolbert SH, Rubin Y. Fjord-Edge Graphene Nanoribbons with Site-Specific Nitrogen Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18093-18102. [PMID: 32894950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) that contain site-specifically substituted backbone heteroatoms is one of the essential goals that must be achieved in order to control the electronic properties of these next generation organic materials. We have exploited our recently reported solid-state topochemical polymerization/cyclization-aromatization strategy to convert the simple 1,4-bis(3-pyridyl)butadiynes 3a,b into the fjord-edge nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbon structures 1a,b (fjord-edge N2[8]GNRs). Structural assignments are confirmed by CP/MAS 13C NMR, Raman, and XPS spectroscopy. The fjord-edge N2[8]GNRs 1a,b are promising precursors for the novel backbone nitrogen-substituted N2[8]AGNRs 2a,b. Geometry and band calculations on N2[8]AGNR 2c indicate that this class of nanoribbons should have unusual bonding topology and metallicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda L Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Chih-Te Zee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Janice B Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Victoria M Basile
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Mit Muni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Maria D Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Julen Munárriz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Sarah H Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Yves Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
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23
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Tsounis C, Lu X, Bedford NM, Subhash B, Thomsen L, Zhang Q, Ma Z, Ostrikov KK, Bendavid A, Scott JA, Amal R, Han Z. Valence Alignment of Mixed Ni-Fe Hydroxide Electrocatalysts through Preferential Templating on Graphene Edges for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11327-11340. [PMID: 32790322 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the metal-carbon heterointerface has become an increasingly important route toward achieving cost-effective and high-performing electrocatalysts. The specific properties of graphene edge sites, such as the high available density of states and extended unpaired π-bonding, make it a promising candidate to tune the electronic properties of metal catalysts. However, to date, understanding and leveraging graphene edge-metal catalysts for improved electrocatalytic performance remains largely elusive. Herein, edge-rich vertical graphene (er-VG) was synthesized and used as a catalyst support for Ni-Fe hydroxides for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The hybrid Ni-Fe/er-VG catalyst exhibits excellent OER performance with a mass current of 4051 A g-1 (at overpotential η = 300 mV) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 4.8 s-1 (η = 400 mV), outperforming Ni-Fe deposited on pristine VG and other metal foam supports. Angle-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the edge-rich VG support can preferentially template Fe-O units with a specific valence orbital alignment interacting with the unoccupied density of states on the graphene edges. This graphene edge-metal interaction was shown to facilitate the formation of undersaturated and strained Fe-sites with high valence states, while promoting the formation of redox-activated Ni species, thus improving OER performance. These findings demonstrate rational design of the graphene edge-metal interface in electrocatalysts which can be used for various energy conversion and chemical synthesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Tsounis
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Bedford
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Bijil Subhash
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Qingran Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zhipeng Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Avi Bendavid
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jason A Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zhaojun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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24
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Sainz R, Del Pozo M, Vilas-Varela M, Castro-Esteban J, Pérez Corral M, Vázquez L, Blanco E, Peña D, Martín-Gago JA, Ellis GJ, Petit-Domínguez MD, Quintana C, Casero E. Chemically synthesized chevron-like graphene nanoribbons for electrochemical sensors development: determination of epinephrine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14614. [PMID: 32884078 PMCID: PMC7471882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ chevron-like graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) synthesized by a solution-based chemical route to develop a novel electrochemical sensor for determination of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (EPI). The sensor surface, a glassy carbon electrode modified with GNRs, is characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which show that the electrode surface modification comprises of bi-dimensional multilayer-stacked GNRs that retain their molecular structure. The charge transfer process occurring at the electrode interface is evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor is applied to the determination of EPI, employing as an analytical signal the reduction peak corresponding to the epinephrinechrome–leucoepinephrinechrome transition (E = − 0.25 V) instead of the oxidation peak usually employed in the literature (E = + 0.6 V) in order to minimize interferences. The results obtained demonstrate that chevron-like nanoribbons synthesized by solution methods exhibit reliable electrocatalytic activity for EPI determination. Using differential pulse voltammetry, we obtain a linear concentration range from 6.4 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–4 M and a detection limit of 2.1 × 10–6 M. The applicability of the sensor was evaluated by determining EPI in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sainz
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Pozo
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pérez Corral
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- ESISNA group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Nº3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elías Blanco
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José A Martín-Gago
- ESISNA group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Nº3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary J Ellis
- Departamento de Física de Polímeros, Elastómeros y Aplicaciones Energéticas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Petit-Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Quintana
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Casero
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Liu X, He M, Calvani D, Qi H, Gupta KBSS, de Groot HJM, Sevink GJA, Buda F, Kaiser U, Schneider GF. Power generation by reverse electrodialysis in a single-layer nanoporous membrane made from core-rim polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:307-312. [PMID: 32152558 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene and related atomically thin layered materials are promising candidates in reverse electrodialysis research owing to their remarkable ionic conductivity and high permselectivity. The synthesis of atomically thin nanoporous membranes with a narrow pore size distribution, however, remains challenging. Here, we report the fabrication of nanoporous carbon membranes via the thermal crosslinking of core-rim structured monomers, that is, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The mechanically robust, centimetre-sized membrane has a pore size of 3.6 ± 1.8 nm and a thickness of 2.0 ± 0.5 nm. When applied to reverse electrodialysis, the nanoporous carbon membrane offers a high short-circuit current with an output power density of 67 W m-2, which is about two orders of magnitude beyond that of the classic ion-exchange membranes and current prototype nanoporous membranes reported in the literature. Crosslinked and atomically thin porous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon membranes therefore represent new scaffolds that will revolutionize the rapidly developing fields of sustainable energy and membrane technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meng He
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dario Calvani
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Huub J M de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G J Agur Sevink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Grégory F Schneider
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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26
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Sun Q, Gröning O, Overbeck J, Braun O, Perrin ML, Borin Barin G, El Abbassi M, Eimre K, Ditler E, Daniels C, Meunier V, Pignedoli CA, Calame M, Fasel R, Ruffieux P. Massive Dirac Fermion Behavior in a Low Bandgap Graphene Nanoribbon Near a Topological Phase Boundary. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906054. [PMID: 32048409 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted much interest due to their largely modifiable electronic properties. Manifestation of these properties requires atomically precise GNRs which can be achieved through a bottom-up synthesis approach. This has recently been applied to the synthesis of width-modulated GNRs hosting topological electronic quantum phases, with valence electronic properties that are well captured by the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model describing a 1D chain of interacting dimers. Here, ultralow bandgap GNRs with charge carriers behaving as massive Dirac fermions can be realized when their valence electrons represent an SSH chain close to the topological phase boundary, i.e., when the intra- and interdimer coupling become approximately equal. Such a system has been achieved via on-surface synthesis based on readily available pyrene-based precursors and the resulting GNRs are characterized by scanning probe methods. The pyrene-based GNRs (pGNRs) can be processed under ambient conditions and incorporated as the active material in a field effect transistor. A quasi-metallic transport behavior is observed at room temperature, whereas at low temperature, the pGNRs behave as quantum dots showing single-electron tunneling and Coulomb blockade. This study may enable the realization of devices based on carbon nanomaterials with exotic quantum properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Overbeck
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Braun
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Borin Barin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maria El Abbassi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Edward Ditler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Colin Daniels
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michel Calame
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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27
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Zhao S, Barin GB, Cao T, Overbeck J, Darawish R, Lyu T, Drapcho S, Wang S, Dumslaff T, Narita A, Calame M, Müllen K, Louie SG, Ruffieux P, Fasel R, Wang F. Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy of Atomically Precise Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1124-1130. [PMID: 31916444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the optical imaging and absorption spectroscopy on atomically precise armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) on insulating fused silica substrates. This is achieved by controlling light polarization on macroscopically aligned GNRs which greatly enhances the optical contrast of the submonolayer GNRs on the insulating substrates. We measure the linear absorption spectra of 7-armchair and 9-armchair GNRs in this study, and the experimental data agree qualitatively with ab inito calculation results. The polarization spectroscopy technique enables an unambiguous optical identification of GNRs and provides a rapid tool to characterize the transferred film over a large area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Zhao
- Department of Physics , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Gabriela Borin Barin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Physics , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington United States
| | - Jan Overbeck
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Rimah Darawish
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Tairu Lyu
- Department of Physics , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Steve Drapcho
- Department of Physics , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Tim Dumslaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Michel Calame
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , 5128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute , University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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28
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2N+4-rule and an atlas of bulk optical resonances of zigzag graphene nanoribbons. Nat Commun 2020; 11:82. [PMID: 31900390 PMCID: PMC6941967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of on-chip integrated carbon-based optoelectronic nanocircuits requires fast and non-invasive structural characterization of their building blocks. Recent advances in synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons allow for their use as atomically precise building blocks. However, while cataloged experimental data are available for the structural characterization of carbon nanotubes, such an atlas is absent for graphene nanoribbons. Here we theoretically investigate the optical absorption resonances of armchair carbon nanotubes and zigzag graphene nanoribbons continuously spanning the tube (ribbon) transverse sizes from 0.5(0.4) nm to 8.1(12.8) nm. We show that the linear mapping is guaranteed between the tube and ribbon bulk resonance when the number of atoms in the tube unit cell is [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of atoms in the ribbon unit cell. Thus, an atlas of carbon nanotubes optical transitions can be mapped to an atlas of zigzag graphene nanoribbons.
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29
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Overbeck J, Barin GB, Daniels C, Perrin ML, Braun O, Sun Q, Darawish R, De Luca M, Wang XY, Dumslaff T, Narita A, Müllen K, Ruffieux P, Meunier V, Fasel R, Calame M. A Universal Length-Dependent Vibrational Mode in Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13083-13091. [PMID: 31573799 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted considerable interest, as their atomically tunable structure makes them promising candidates for future electronic devices. However, obtaining detailed information about the length of GNRs has been challenging and typically relies on low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Such methods are ill-suited for practical device application and characterization. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive method for the characterization of GNRs, in particular for investigating their width and structure. Here, we report on a length-dependent, Raman-active low-energy vibrational mode that is present in atomically precise, bottom-up-synthesized armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs). Our Raman study demonstrates that this mode is present in all families of AGNRs and provides information on their length. Our spectroscopic findings are corroborated by scanning tunneling microscopy images and supported by first-principles calculations that allow us to attribute this mode to a longitudinal acoustic phonon. Finally, we show that this mode is a sensitive probe for the overall structural integrity of the ribbons and their interaction with technologically relevant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Overbeck
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Borin Barin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Colin Daniels
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Oliver Braun
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Qiang Sun
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Rimah Darawish
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Marta De Luca
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Tim Dumslaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Michel Calame
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
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30
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Wang T, Li L, Tian X, Jin H, Tang K, Hou S, Zhou H, Yu X. 3D-printed interdigitated graphene framework as superior support of metal oxide nanostructures for remarkable micro-pseudocapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Hiley CI, Whitehead GFS, Zanella M, Delacotte C, Manning TD, Rosseinsky MJ. Detection and Crystal Structure of Hydrogenated Bipentacene as an Intermediate in Thermally Induced Pentacene Oligomerization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8481-8486. [PMID: 31244161 PMCID: PMC7007227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
6,6′,13,13′-Tetrahydro-6,6′-bipentacene
(HBP), the intermediate molecule connecting pentacene
to previously
observed peripentacene and extended pentacene oligomers through the
formation of a carbon–carbon bond, is synthesized and crystallographically
characterized. Heating pentacene to 300 °C under vacuum for 200
h results in pale golden crystals of HBP and amorphous
material containing pentacene oligomers, offering experimental evidence
that pentacene preferentially dimerizes at the 6,6′-position.
Continued heating of HBP results in co-crystals of 6,13-dihydrogenated
pentacene and pentacene and further amorphous pentacene oligomers.
The amorphous material consists of layered carbonaceous species with
a graphenic nature, as determined by Raman spectroscopy and electron
microscopy, and suggests HBP as an intermediate to hydrogenated
pentacene species and pentacene oligomers, such as peripentacene,
of interest in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig I. Hiley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - George F. S. Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Marco Zanella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Charlene Delacotte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Troy D. Manning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Rosseinsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
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32
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Wierzbowska M. Ferromagnetic topological crystalline insulating phase in the $$\pi$$-stacked graphene nanobelts under a small pressure. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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33
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34
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Yin Y, Pang J, Wang J, Lu X, Hao Q, Saei Ghareh Naz E, Zhou X, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Graphene-Activated Optoplasmonic Nanomembrane Cavities for Photodegradation Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15891-15897. [PMID: 30964264 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, with its excellent chemical stability, biocompatibility, and capability of electric field enhancement, has a great potential in optical and optoelectronic applications with superior performances by integrating with conventional optical and plasmonic devices. Here, we design and demonstrate graphene-activated optoplasmonic cavities based on rolled-up nanomembranes, which are employed for in situ monitoring the photodegradation dynamics of organic dye molecules on the molecular level in real time. The presence of the graphene layer significantly enhances the electric field of hybrid optoplasmonic modes at the cavity surface, enabling a highly sensitive surface detection. The degradation of rhodamine 6G molecules on the graphene-activated sensor surface is triggered by localized laser irradiation and monitored by measuring the optical resonance shift. Our demonstration paves the way for real-time, high-precision analysis of photodegradation by resonance-based optical sensors, which promises the comprehensive understanding of degradation mechanism and exploration of effective photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Jiangsu University , 212013 Zhenjiang , China
| | | | - Jiawei Wang
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09107 Chemnitz , Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Rosenbergstr. 6, 09126 Chemnitz , Germany
| | | | | | | | - Xinxing Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan Normal University , 410081 Changsha , China
| | | | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09107 Chemnitz , Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Rosenbergstr. 6, 09126 Chemnitz , Germany
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35
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Pang J, Mendes RG, Bachmatiuk A, Zhao L, Ta HQ, Gemming T, Liu H, Liu Z, Rummeli MH. Applications of 2D MXenes in energy conversion and storage systems. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:72-133. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of MXene materials and their energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Pang
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)
- University of Jinan
| | - Rafael G. Mendes
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
| | - Alicja Bachmatiuk
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
| | - Liang Zhao
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
- School of Energy
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Huy Q. Ta
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
- School of Energy
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Thomas Gemming
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
- School of Energy
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Mark H. Rummeli
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
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36
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Senkovskiy BV, Usachov DY, Fedorov AV, Marangoni T, Haberer D, Tresca C, Profeta G, Caciuc V, Tsukamoto S, Atodiresei N, Ehlen N, Chen C, Avila J, Asensio MC, Varykhalov AY, Nefedov A, Wöll C, Kim TK, Hoesch M, Fischer FR, Grüneis A. Boron-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons: Electronic Structure and Raman Fingerprint. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7571-7582. [PMID: 30004663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electronic and vibrational properties of bottom-up synthesized aligned armchair graphene nanoribbons of N = 7 carbon atoms width periodically doped by substitutional boron atoms (B-7AGNRs). Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we find that the dopant-derived valence and conduction band states are notably hybridized with electronic states of Au substrate and spread in energy. The interaction with the substrate leaves the bands with pure carbon character rather unperturbed. This results in an identical effective mass of ≈0.2 m0 for the next-highest valence band compared with pristine 7AGNRs. We probe the phonons of B-7AGNRs by ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) Raman spectroscopy and reveal the existence of characteristic splitting and red shifts in Raman modes due to the presence of substitutional boron atoms. Comparing the Raman spectra for three visible lasers (red, green, and blue), we find that interaction with gold suppresses the Raman signal from B-7AGNRs and the energy of the green laser (2.33 eV) is closer to the resonant E22 transition. The hybridized electronic structure of the B-7AGNR-Au interface is expected to improve electrical characteristics of contacts between graphene nanoribbon and Au. The Raman fingerprint allows the easy identification of B-7AGNRs, which is particularly useful for device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V Senkovskiy
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
| | - Dmitry Yu Usachov
- St. Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
| | - Alexander V Fedorov
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
- St. Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
- IFW Dresden , P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden , Germany
| | - Tomas Marangoni
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Tan Hall 680 , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Danny Haberer
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Tan Hall 680 , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Cesare Tresca
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences and SPIN-CNR , University of L'Aquila , Via Vetoio 10 , I-67100 Coppito , Italy
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC univ Paris 6 and CNRS-UMR 7588 , 4 place Jussieu , F-75252 Paris , France
| | - Gianni Profeta
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences and SPIN-CNR , University of L'Aquila , Via Vetoio 10 , I-67100 Coppito , Italy
| | - Vasile Caciuc
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-1) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-1) , Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Shigeru Tsukamoto
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-1) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-1) , Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Nicolae Atodiresei
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-1) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-1) , Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Niels Ehlen
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
| | - Chaoyu Chen
- ANTARES Beamline , Synchrotron SOLEIL & Universite Paris-Saclay, L' Orme des Merisiers , Saint Aubin-BP 48 , 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - José Avila
- ANTARES Beamline , Synchrotron SOLEIL & Universite Paris-Saclay, L' Orme des Merisiers , Saint Aubin-BP 48 , 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Maria C Asensio
- ANTARES Beamline , Synchrotron SOLEIL & Universite Paris-Saclay, L' Orme des Merisiers , Saint Aubin-BP 48 , 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex , France
| | | | - Alexei Nefedov
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Timur K Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus , Didcot , OX11 0DE , United Kingdom
| | - Moritz Hoesch
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus , Didcot , OX11 0DE , United Kingdom
- DESY Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron , Notkestrasse 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Tan Hall 680 , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Alexander Grüneis
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77 , 50937 Köln , Germany
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37
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Huang Y, Xu F, Ganzer L, Camargo FVA, Nagahara T, Teyssandier J, Van Gorp H, Basse K, Straasø LA, Nagyte V, Casiraghi C, Hansen MR, De Feyter S, Yan D, Müllen K, Feng X, Cerullo G, Mai Y. Intrinsic Properties of Single Graphene Nanoribbons in Solution: Synthetic and Spectroscopic Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10416-10420. [PMID: 30084630 PMCID: PMC6643163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report a novel type of structurally defined graphene nanoribbons
(GNRs) with uniform width of 1.7 nm and average length up to 58 nm.
These GNRs are decorated with pending Diels–Alder cycloadducts
of anthracenyl units and N-n-hexadecyl
maleimide. The resultant bulky side groups on GNRs afford excellent
dispersibility with concentrations of up to 5 mg mL–1 in many organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), two orders
of magnitude higher than the previously reported GNRs. Multiple spectroscopic
studies confirm that dilute dispersions in THF (<0.1 mg mL–1) consist mainly of nonaggregated ribbons, exhibiting
near-infrared emission with high quantum yield (9.1%) and long lifetime
(8.7 ns). This unprecedented dispersibility allows resolving in real-time
ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the GNRs, which displays features
of small isolated molecules in solution. This study achieves a breakthrough
in the dispersion of GNRs, which opens the door for unveiling obstructed
GNR-based physical properties and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Franco V A Camargo
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Tetsuhiko Nagahara
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology , Kyoto Institute of Technology , 606-8585 Kyoto , Japan
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Hans Van Gorp
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Kristoffer Basse
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Lasse Arnt Straasø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Vaiva Nagyte
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M139PL , United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M139PL , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstr. 28/30 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200 F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Mommsenstrasse 4 , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR , Dipartimento di Fisica , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan RD , Shanghai 200240 , China
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38
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Joshi D, Hauser M, Veber G, Berl A, Xu K, Fischer FR. Super-Resolution Imaging of Clickable Graphene Nanoribbons Decorated with Fluorescent Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9574-9580. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharati Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Meghan Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gregory Veber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexandra Berl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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39
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Hu Y, Xie P, De Corato M, Ruini A, Zhao S, Meggendorfer F, Straasø LA, Rondin L, Simon P, Li J, Finley JJ, Hansen MR, Lauret JS, Molinari E, Feng X, Barth JV, Palma CA, Prezzi D, Müllen K, Narita A. Bandgap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons by Control over Structural Distortion. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7803-7809. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xie
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marzio De Corato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-Nano), via G. Campi 213/a, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Alice Ruini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-Nano), via G. Campi 213/a, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Shen Zhao
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris Saclay, Bat. 505 Campus d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Felix Meggendorfer
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lasse Arnt Straasø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Loic Rondin
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris Saclay, Bat. 505 Campus d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Simon
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Juan Li
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan J. Finley
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris Saclay, Bat. 505 Campus d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-Nano), via G. Campi 213/a, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Deborah Prezzi
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-Nano), via G. Campi 213/a, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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40
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Li G, Yoon KY, Zhong X, Wang J, Zhang R, Guest JR, Wen J, Zhu XY, Dong G. A modular synthetic approach for band-gap engineering of armchair graphene nanoribbons. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1687. [PMID: 29703958 PMCID: PMC5924368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great promise of armchair graphene nanoribbons (aGNRs) as high-performance semiconductors, practical band-gap engineering of aGNRs remains an unmet challenge. Given that width and edge structures are the two key factors for modulating band-gaps of aGNRs, a reliable synthetic method that allows control of both factors would be highly desirable. Here we report a simple modular strategy for efficient preparation of N = 6 aGNR, the narrowest member in the N = 3p (p: natural number) aGNR family, and two unsymmetrically edge-functionalized GNRs that contain benzothiadiazole and benzotriazole moieties. The trend of band-gap transitions among these GNRs parallels those in donor–acceptor alternating conjugated polymers. In addition, post-functionalization of the unsymmetrical heterocyclic edge via C–H borylation permits further band-gap tuning. Therefore, this method opens the door for convenient band-gap engineering of aGNRs through modifying the heteroarenes on the edge. Effective band-gap engineering of armchair graphene nanoribbons calls for control over both width and edge structure. Here, the authors report a modular synthesis of narrow N = 6 armchair graphene nanoribbons whose edges can be unsymmetrically modified with heteroarenes, introducing a simple way to tune band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Ki-Young Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Xinjue Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Guest
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA.
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
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41
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Wu JB, Lin ML, Cong X, Liu HN, Tan PH. Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials and its applications in related devices. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1822-1873. [PMID: 29368764 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00915h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials exhibit remarkable electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, which has resulted in both high scientific interest and huge potential for a variety of applications. Furthermore, the family of graphene-based materials is growing because of developments in preparation methods. Raman spectroscopy is a versatile tool to identify and characterize the chemical and physical properties of these materials, both at the laboratory and mass-production scale. This technique is so important that most of the papers published concerning these materials contain at least one Raman spectrum. Thus, here, we systematically review the developments in Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials from both fundamental research and practical (i.e., device applications) perspectives. We describe the essential Raman scattering processes of the entire first- and second-order modes in intrinsic graphene. Furthermore, the shear, layer-breathing, G and 2D modes of multilayer graphene with different stacking orders are discussed. Techniques to determine the number of graphene layers, to probe resonance Raman spectra of monolayer and multilayer graphenes and to obtain Raman images of graphene-based materials are also presented. The extensive capabilities of Raman spectroscopy for the investigation of the fundamental properties of graphene under external perturbations are described, which have also been extended to other graphene-based materials, such as graphene quantum dots, carbon dots, graphene oxide, nanoribbons, chemical vapor deposition-grown and SiC epitaxially grown graphene flakes, composites, and graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures. These fundamental properties have been used to probe the states, effects, and mechanisms of graphene materials present in the related heterostructures and devices. We hope that this review will be beneficial in all the aspects of graphene investigations, from basic research to material synthesis and device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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42
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Dong Y, Gahl MT, Zhang C, Lin J. Computational study of precision nitrogen doping on graphene nanoribbon edges. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:505602. [PMID: 29087366 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen doping in graphene is important for applications spanning from electronics to metal-free electrocatalysts. Despite much experimental study, limited theoretic work has been done in understanding the mechanism of the doping process, especially from a precision perspective. Herein, we present a computational study on precision nitrogen doping on edges of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) by combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at a time scale of 40 ns and density function theory (DFT) calculation. In the MD study both ammonia and acetonitrile were used as nitrogen sources. MD results revealed that the ammonia produces almost all amine-type dopants, while the acetonitrile produces a considerable amount of pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen dopants which are beneficial to electronics and electrocatalysts. Results also show that the concentration of pyrrolic and pyridinic dopants can be precisely controlled by the edge geometries of the GNRs. Furthermore, DFT calculation illustrated the reaction mechanism in these different types of the GNRs when using acetonitrile as the nitrogen source. The calculated energies in different reaction stages indicate the stability of dopants on various GNRs, agreeing well with the MD results. The disclosed mechanism of controllable nitrogen doping on the edges of the GNRs would provide guidance to experimental realization, paving new routes to widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States of America
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43
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Liu Y, Lin J, Jia H, Chen S, Qi J, Qu C, Cao J, Feng J, Fei W. Confirming the key role of Ar + ion bombardment in the growth feature of nanostructured carbon materials by PECVD. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:475601. [PMID: 28930102 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8dd9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to confirm the key role of Ar+ ion bombardment in the growth feature of nanostructured carbon materials (NCMs), here we report a novel strategy to create different Ar+ ion states in situ in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) by separating catalyst film from the substrate. Different bombardment environments on either side of the catalyst film were created simultaneously to achieve multi-layered structural NCMs. Results showed that Ar+ ion bombardment is crucial and complex for the growth of NCMs. Firstly, Ar+ ion bombardment has both positive and negative effects on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). On one hand, Ar+ ions can break up the graphic structure of CNTs and suppress thin CNT nucleation and growth. On the other hand, Ar+ ion bombardment can remove redundant carbon layers on the surface of large catalyst particles which is essential for thick CNTs. As a result, the diameter of the CNTs depends on the Ar+ ion state. As for vertically oriented few-layer graphene (VFG), Ar+ ions are essential and can even convert the CNTs into VFG. Therefore, by combining with the catalyst separation method, specific or multi-layered structural NCMs can be obtained by PECVD only by changing the intensity of Ar+ ion bombardment, and these special NCMs are promising in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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44
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Keerthi A, Radha B, Rizzo D, Lu H, Diez Cabanes V, Hou ICY, Beljonne D, Cornil J, Casiraghi C, Baumgarten M, Müllen K, Narita A. Edge Functionalization of Structurally Defined Graphene Nanoribbons for Modulating the Self-Assembled Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16454-16457. [PMID: 29098859 PMCID: PMC5860787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Edge functionalization of bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with anthraquinone and naphthalene/perylene monoimide units has been achieved through a Suzuki coupling of polyphenylene precursors bearing bromo groups, prior to the intramolecular oxidative cyclo-dehydrogenation. High efficiency of the substitution has been validated by MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the functionalized precursors and FT-IR, Raman, and XPS analyses of the resulting GNRs. Moreover, AFM measurements demonstrated the modulation of the self-assembling behavior of the edge-functionalized GNRs, revealing that GNR-PMI formed an intriguing rectangular network. This result suggests the possibility of programming the supramolecular architecture of GNRs by tuning the functional units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Keerthi
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Boya Radha
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Rizzo
- School of
Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Hao Lu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Valentin Diez Cabanes
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ian Cheng-Yi Hou
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- School of
Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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45
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Hou ICY, Hu Y, Narita A, Müllen K. Diels–Alder polymerization: a versatile synthetic method toward functional polyphenylenes, ladder polymers and graphene nanoribbons. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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A Guide to and Review of the Use of Multiwavelength Raman Spectroscopy for Characterizing Defective Aromatic Carbon Solids: from Graphene to Amorphous Carbons. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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47
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Llinas JP, Fairbrother A, Borin Barin G, Shi W, Lee K, Wu S, Yong Choi B, Braganza R, Lear J, Kau N, Choi W, Chen C, Pedramrazi Z, Dumslaff T, Narita A, Feng X, Müllen K, Fischer F, Zettl A, Ruffieux P, Yablonovitch E, Crommie M, Fasel R, Bokor J. Short-channel field-effect transistors with 9-atom and 13-atom wide graphene nanoribbons. Nat Commun 2017; 8:633. [PMID: 28935943 PMCID: PMC5608806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbons and graphene nanoribbon heterostructures have promising electronic properties for high-performance field-effect transistors and ultra-low power devices such as tunneling field-effect transistors. However, the short length and wide band gap of these graphene nanoribbons have prevented the fabrication of devices with the desired performance and switching behavior. Here, by fabricating short channel (Lch ~ 20 nm) devices with a thin, high-κ gate dielectric and a 9-atom wide (0.95 nm) armchair graphene nanoribbon as the channel material, we demonstrate field-effect transistors with high on-current (Ion > 1 μA at Vd = −1 V) and high Ion/Ioff ~ 105 at room temperature. We find that the performance of these devices is limited by tunneling through the Schottky barrier at the contacts and we observe an increase in the transparency of the barrier by increasing the gate field near the contacts. Our results thus demonstrate successful fabrication of high-performance short-channel field-effect transistors with bottom-up synthesized armchair graphene nanoribbons. Graphene nanoribbons show promise for high-performance field-effect transistors, however they often suffer from short lengths and wide band gaps. Here, the authors use a bottom-up synthesis approach to fabricate 9- and 13-atom wide ribbons, enabling short-channel transistors with 105 on-off current ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Llinas
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Fairbrother
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Borin Barin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Wu Shi
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Byung Yong Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Flash PA Team, Semiconductor Memory Business, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Rohit Braganza
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jordan Lear
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas Kau
- Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Wonwoo Choi
- Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Tim Dumslaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Felix Fischer
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alex Zettl
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Eli Yablonovitch
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Michael Crommie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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48
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Gehring P, Sowa JK, Cremers J, Wu Q, Sadeghi H, Sheng Y, Warner JH, Lambert CJ, Briggs GAD, Mol JA. Distinguishing Lead and Molecule States in Graphene-Based Single-Electron Transistors. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5325-5331. [PMID: 28423272 PMCID: PMC5492215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene provides a two-dimensional platform for contacting individual molecules, which enables transport spectroscopy of molecular orbital, spin, and vibrational states. Here we report single-electron tunneling through a molecule that has been anchored to two graphene leads. Quantum interference within the graphene leads gives rise to an energy-dependent transmission and fluctuations in the sequential tunnel-rates. The lead states are electrostatically tuned by a global back-gate, resulting in a distinct pattern of varying intensity in the measured conductance maps. This pattern could potentially obscure transport features that are intrinsic to the molecule under investigation. Using ensemble averaged magneto-conductance measurements, lead and molecule states are disentangled, enabling spectroscopic investigation of the single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Gehring
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Jakub K. Sowa
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Jonathan Cremers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department
of Physics, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department
of Physics, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
| | - Yuewen Sheng
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Jamie H. Warner
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department
of Physics, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
| | - G. Andrew D. Briggs
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- E-mail:
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49
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Lee JK, Hembram KPSS, Park Y, Lee SG, Kim JG, Lee W, Moon DJ. Raman Radial Mode Revealed from Curved Graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2597-2601. [PMID: 28520429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the unsolved fundamental issues of graphene is establishing an appropriate way to discern layers of graphene structures. We report a simple methodology to analyze graphene structures using Raman signals in the range of ∼100 to ∼500 cm-1 comprising clear 118 or 175 cm-1 peaks. We demonstrate that the low-energy signals on Raman spectra of plasma-seeded grown graphene sheets originated from nanocurvature (c) of mono- (175 and 325-500 cm-1 signals) (c ≈ 1 nm) and bilayer (118 cm-1 peak) (c ≈ 2 nm) graphene with Raman simulations, based on Raman radial mode (RM) Eigen vectors. Our RM model provides a standard way of identifying and evaluating graphene structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kap Lee
- Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | - K P S S Hembram
- Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Park
- Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , 262 Seongsanno, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gil Lee
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute , Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gyu Kim
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute , Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , 262 Seongsanno, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Moon
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
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Daigle M, Miao D, Lucotti A, Tommasini M, Morin JF. Helically Coiled Graphene Nanoribbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6213-6217. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Daigle
- Département de chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA); Université Laval; 1045 Ave de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Dandan Miao
- Département de chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA); Université Laval; 1045 Ave de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA); Université Laval; 1045 Ave de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
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