1
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Yagi T, Yoshida K, Sakurai S, Kawai T, Nonoguchi Y. Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Extraction Enabled by Alkylated Cellulose Wrapping. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38934730 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
With the growing demand for postsilicon electronics, the purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in terms of their chirality, which defines their atomic and electronic structure, is becoming increasingly important. Herein, we demonstrate the selective extraction of high-quality semiconducting SWCNTs using alkyl cellulose as a dispersant in organic solvents. We investigated the separation factors of dispersant structures, such as the degree of substitution (DS) and molecular weight, and clarified the appropriate dispersant structures, such as moderately substituted hexyl cellulose, for selective semiconducting SWCNT extraction. Due to the improved purity and quality of the semiconducting SWCNTs obtained by this method, their films exhibit excellent thermoelectric power factors, outperforming not only unsorted SWCNTs but also conducting polymer-sorted SWCNTs. This sorting technology paves the way for supplying high-quality semiconducting SWCNTs in a viable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yagi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sakurai
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nonoguchi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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2
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Lei K, Bachilo SM, Weisman RB. Diameter-Dependent Competitive Adsorption of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Single-Stranded DNA on Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11043-11049. [PMID: 38047931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium compositions of coatings on single-wall carbon nanotubes were spectroscopically deduced for samples dispersed in dilute sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and then exposed to low concentrations of ssDNA oligomers. With all studied oligomers, displacement of the SDS tended to occur at lower ssDNA concentrations for smaller diameter nanotubes than for larger diameter ones. However, the behavior varied significantly with oligomer. For example, the diameter dependence was steeper for (TAT)4 than for (ATT)4, suggesting that interstrand head-to-tail hydrogen bonding interactions play a role in SWCNT wrapping. Concentrations of ssDNA in the range of several μg/mL displace SDS from nanotubes dispersed in 1500 μg/mL SDS solutions. This effect allows the use of coating exchange to prepare ssDNA dispersions with minimal oligomer costs. Another demonstrated use exploits the structure-dependent relative coating affinities in a simple filtration method for the diameter enrichment of SWCNT mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhua Lei
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sergei M Bachilo
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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3
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Ackermann J, Stegemann J, Smola T, Reger E, Jung S, Schmitz A, Herbertz S, Erpenbeck L, Seidl K, Kruss S. High Sensitivity Near-Infrared Imaging of Fluorescent Nanosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206856. [PMID: 36610045 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical processes are fast and occur on small-length scales, which makes them difficult to measure. Optical nanosensors based on single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are able to capture such dynamics. They fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR, 850-1700 nm) tissue transparency window and the emission wavelength depends on their chirality. However, NIR imaging requires specialized indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) cameras with a typically low resolution because the quantum yield of normal Si-based cameras rapidly decreases in the NIR. Here, an efficient one-step phase separation approach to isolate monochiral (6,4)-SWCNTs (880 nm emission) from mixed SWCNT samples is developed. It enables imaging them in the NIR with high-resolution standard Si-based cameras (>50× more pixels). (6,4)-SWCNTs modified with (GT)10 -ssDNA become highly sensitive to the important neurotransmitter dopamine. These sensors are 1.7× brighter and 7.5× more sensitive and allow fast imaging (<50 ms). They enable high-resolution imaging of dopamine release from cells. Thus, the assembly of biosensors from (6,4)-SWCNTs combines the advantages of nanosensors working in the NIR with the sensitivity of (Si-based) cameras and enables broad usage of these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarkstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jan Stegemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Smola
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarkstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Eline Reger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarkstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jung
- ZEMOS Center for Solvation Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne Schmitz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 58, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 58, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Seidl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarkstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Carl-Benz-Strasse 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Carl-Benz-Strasse 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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4
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Su W, Li X, Li L, Yang D, Wang F, Wei X, Zhou W, Kataura H, Xie S, Liu H. Chirality-dependent electrical transport properties of carbon nanotubes obtained by experimental measurement. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1672. [PMID: 36966164 PMCID: PMC10039901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing the relationship between the electrical transport properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and their structures is critical for the design of high-performance SWCNT-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we systematically investigated the effect of the chiral structures of SWCNTs on their electrical transport properties by measuring the performance of thin-film transistors constructed by eleven distinct (n, m) single-chirality SWCNT films. The results show that, even for SWCNTs with the same diameters but different chiral angles, the difference in the on-state current or carrier mobility could reach an order of magnitude. Further analysis indicates that the electrical transport properties of SWCNTs have strong type and family dependence. With increasing chiral angle for the same-family SWCNTs, Type I SWCNTs exhibit increasing on-state current and mobility, while Type II SWCNTs show the reverse trend. The differences in the electrical properties of the same-family SWCNTs with different chiralities can be attributed to their different electronic band structures, which determine the contact barrier between electrodes and SWCNTs, intrinsic resistance and intertube contact resistance. Our present findings provide an important physical basis for performance optimization and application expansion of SWCNT-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Futian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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5
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Alrahili M. Light to heat conversion efficiency of single-walled carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2125700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Alrahili
- Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
- Physics Department, School of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Clément P, Ackermann J, Sahin-Solmaz N, Herbertz S, Boero G, Kruss S, Brugger J. Comparison of electrical and optical transduction modes of DNA-wrapped SWCNT nanosensors for the reversible detection of neurotransmitters. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Alizadehmojarad AA, Bachilo SM, Weisman RB. Compositional Analysis of ssDNA-Coated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes through UV Absorption Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8203-8209. [PMID: 36201880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous suspensions of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) coated by ssDNA are analyzed using UV absorption and total carbon measurements. The results give absolute average concentrations of both components in samples without free ssDNA. From those values, the average mid-UV SWCNT absorptivity is deduced for three different batches of relatively small diameter nanotubes: two HiPco and one CoMoCAT. The absorptivity values enable the use of simple spectrophotometry to measure absolute concentrations of similar SWCNT samples in aqueous SDS. The results also quantify the mass ratio of ssDNA to SWCNT, defining the average number of nanotube carbon atoms suspended by one ssDNA strand of T15GT15 or T30G. Comparing this experimental parameter with results from replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of one ssDNA strand freely adsorbed on a (6,5) segment shows close agreement between the computed number of SWCNT atoms covered per strand and the measured number of SWCNT atoms suspended per strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alizadehmojarad
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sergei M Bachilo
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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8
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Erkens M, Levshov D, Wenseleers W, Li H, Flavel BS, Fagan JA, Popov VN, Avramenko M, Forel S, Flahaut E, Cambré S. Efficient Inner-to-Outer Wall Energy Transfer in Highly Pure Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Revealed by Detailed Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16038-16053. [PMID: 36167339 PMCID: PMC9620404 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coaxial stacking of two single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into a double-wall carbon nanotube (DWCNT), forming a so-called one-dimensional van der Waals structure, leads to synergetic effects that dramatically affect the optical and electronic properties of both layers. In this work, we explore these effects in purified DWCNT samples by combining absorption, wavelength-dependent infrared fluorescence-excitation (PLE), and wavelength-dependent resonant Raman scattering (RRS) spectroscopy. Purified DWCNTs are obtained by careful solubilization that strictly avoids ultrasonication or by electronic-type sorting, both followed by a density gradient ultracentrifugation to remove unwanted SWCNTs that could obscure the DWCNT characterization. Chirality-dependent shifts of the radial breathing mode vibrational frequencies and transition energies of the inner and outer DWCNT walls with respect to their SWCNT analogues are determined by advanced two-dimensional fitting of RRS and PLE data of DWCNT and their reference SWCNT samples. This exhaustive data set verifies that fluorescence from the inner DWCNT walls of well-purified samples is severely quenched through efficient energy transfer from the inner to the outer DWCNT walls. Combined analysis of the PLE and RRS results further reveals that this transfer is dependent on the inner and outer wall chirality, and we identify the specific combinations dominant in our DWCNT samples. These obtained results demonstrate the necessity and value of a combined structural characterization approach including PLE and RRS spectroscopy for bulk DWCNT samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksiem Erkens
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dmitry Levshov
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Wenseleers
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Li
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Fagan
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 20899 Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Marina Avramenko
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Salomé Forel
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratoire
des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT,
UMR 5085, CNRS-INP-UPS, Université
Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Sofie Cambré
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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9
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Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
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10
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Zanoni S, Watts BP, Tvrdy K. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Chiral Selectivity Exhibited by Commercially Available Hydrogels of Varying Composition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33635-33643. [PMID: 34242015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the commercial availability of many different hydrogel formulations, the effective gel-based purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) remains exclusive to the gel Sephacryl S-200. In this study, 12 commercially available gels and two custom-synthesized gels were investigated for their ability to effectively purify SWNT, as determined through quantification of SWNT adsorption, elution, chiral selectivity, and overall process efficiency. The ability of each gel to separate SWNT was found to correlate with physiochemical properties, such as hydrogel pore size, the presence of ionic ligands, and both polysaccharide backbone and cross-linker compositions. While Sephacryl S-200 demonstrated superior separation efficiency and chiral selectivity among the gels studied, Superose 6 was found to adsorb more SWNT than Sephacryl S-200 per cm2 of the gel surface area and exhibited a unique preference for the (7,3) and (7,5) SWNT chiralities, in contrast to the established selectivity of Sephacryl S-200 for the (6,5) chirality. Collectively, this work both identifies gels that exhibit unique SWNT chiral selectivity and provides insights into the rational design of gels tailored for SWNT purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Brennan P Watts
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Kevin Tvrdy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
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11
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Podlesny B, Olszewska B, Yaari Z, Jena PV, Ghahramani G, Feiner R, Heller DA, Janas D. En route to single-step, two-phase purification of carbon nanotubes facilitated by high-throughput spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10618. [PMID: 34011997 PMCID: PMC8134628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is desirable for applications in many fields, but general utility is currently hampered by low throughput. We discovered a method to obtain single-chirality SWCNT enrichment by the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) method in a single step. To achieve appropriate resolution, a biphasic system of non-ionic tri-block copolymer surfactant is varied with an ionic surfactant. A nearly-monochiral fraction of SWCNTs can then be harvested from the top phase. We also found, via high-throughput, near-infrared excitation-emission photoluminescence spectroscopy, that the parameter space of ATPE can be mapped to probe the mechanics of the separation process. Finally, we found that optimized conditions can be used for sorting of SWCNTs wrapped with ssDNA as well. Elimination of the need for surfactant exchange and simplicity of the separation process make the approach promising for high-yield generation of purified single-chirality SWCNT preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Podlesny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Olszewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zvi Yaari
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prakrit V Jena
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Ghahramani
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ron Feiner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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12
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Nißler R, Kurth L, Li H, Spreinat A, Kuhlemann I, Flavel BS, Kruss S. Sensing with Chirality-Pure Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6446-6455. [PMID: 33830740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and the emission wavelength depends on their chirality (n,m). Interactions with the environment affect the fluorescence and can be tailored by functionalizing SWCNTs with biopolymers such as DNA, which is the basis for fluorescent biosensors. So far, such biosensors have been mainly assembled from mixtures of SWCNT chiralities with large spectral overlap, which affects sensitivity as well as selectivity and prevents multiplexed sensing. The main challenge to gain chirality-pure sensors has been to combine approaches to isolate specific SWCNTs and generic (bio)functionalization approaches. Here, we created chirality-pure SWCNT-based NIR biosensors for important analytes such as neurotransmitters and investigated the effect of SWCNT chirality/handedness as well as long-term stability and sensitivity. For this purpose, we used aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) to gain chirality-pure (6,5)-, (7,5)-, (9,4)-, and (7,6)-SWCNTs (emission at ∼990, 1040, 1115, and 1130 nm, respectively). An exchange of the surfactant sodium deoxycholate (DOC) to specific single-stranded (ss)DNA sequences yielded monochiral sensors for small analytes (dopamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, pH). DOC residues impaired sensitivity, and therefore substantial removal was necessary. The assembled monochiral (6,5)-SWCNTs were up to 10 times brighter than their nonpurified counterparts, and the ssDNA sequence determined the absolute fluorescence intensity as well as colloidal (long-term) stability and selectivity for the analytes. (GT)40-(6,5)-SWCNTs displayed the maximum fluorescence response to the neurotransmitter dopamine (+140%, Kd = 1.9 × 10-7 M) and a long-term stability of >14 days. The specific ssDNA sequences imparted selectivity to the analytes mostly independent of SWCNT chirality and handedness of (±) (6,5)-SWCNTs, which allowed a predictable design. Finally, multiple monochiral/single-color SWCNTs were combined to achieve ratiometric/multiplexed sensing of the important analytes dopamine, riboflavin, H2O2, and pH. In summary, we demonstrated the assembly, characteristics, and potential of monochiral (single-color) SWCNTs for NIR fluorescence sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nißler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Larissa Kurth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Spreinat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ilyas Kuhlemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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13
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He X, Kevlishvili I, Murcek K, Liu P, Star A. [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition of Enones to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Fluorescent Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4833-4844. [PMID: 33689301 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely applied in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Understanding their reactivity with biomolecules is important for these applications. We describe here a photoinduced cycloaddition reaction between enones and SWCNTs. By creating covalent and tunable sp3 defects in the sp2 carbon lattice of SWCNTs through [2π + 2π] photocycloaddition, a bright red-shifted photoluminescence was gradually generated. The photocycloaddition functionalization was demonstrated with various organic molecules bearing an enone functional group, including biologically important oxygenated lipid metabolites. The mechanism of this reaction was studied empirically and using computational methods. Density functional theory calculations were employed to elucidate the identity of the reaction product and understand the origin of different substrate reactivities. The results of this study can enable engineering of the optical and electronic properties of semiconducting SWCNTs and provide understanding into their interactions with the lipid biocorona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Katherina Murcek
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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14
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Lin CW, Bachilo SM, Weisman RB. Delayed Fluorescence from Carbon Nanotubes through Singlet Oxygen-Sensitized Triplet Excitons. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21189-21196. [PMID: 33270453 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in liquid suspension have been observed to emit delayed, microsecond-scale fluorescence arising from upconverted triplet excitons that are directly created through energy transfer from singlet oxygen molecules (1O2). The singlet oxygen is produced through quenching of an optically excited organic sensitizer. The mechanism of this delayed fluorescence has been deduced from measurements of time-resolved emission kinetics, delayed emission spectra, and polarization-resolved excitation-emission spectra. The observed strong dependence of 1O2 sensitization efficiency on SWCNT structure suggests that (7,6) triplet excitons have an energy near 970 meV. The yields for E11T → E11S upconversion are found to be in the range of several percent. These yields increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing excitation intensities, reflecting thermal activation and triplet-triplet exciton annihilation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sergei M Bachilo
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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15
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Podlesny B, Shiraki T, Janas D. One-step sorting of single-walled carbon nanotubes using aqueous two-phase extraction in the presence of basic salts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9250. [PMID: 32513999 PMCID: PMC7280227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple one-step approach to separate (6,5) CNTs from raw material by using the aqueous two-phase extraction method. To reach this goal, stable and inexpensive K2CO3, Na2CO3, Li2CO3, and K3PO4 basic salts are used as modulators of the differentiation process. Under the appropriate parameters, near monochiral fractions become available for straightforward harvesting. In parallel, we show that the isolation process is strongly affected not only by pH but by the inherent nature of the introduced chemical species as well. The results of our study also reveal that the commonly used ingredients of the biphasic system make a strong contribution to the course of the separation by having far from neutral pH values themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Podlesny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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16
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Zheng Y, Bachilo SM, Weisman RB. Photoexcited Aromatic Reactants Give Multicolor Carbon Nanotube Fluorescence from Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2020; 14:715-723. [PMID: 31887007 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be valuable for modifying their electronic properties and creating fluorescent quantum defects. We report here a previously unreported category of such reactions involving interactions of photoexcited aromatic compounds with SWCNT sidewalls. When aqueous suspensions of SWCNTs are exposed to organic aromatic compounds and then irradiated by UV light, fluorescent defects are formed in the nanotubes at rates that depend on the aromatic ring substituents. In reactions with aniline or iodoaniline, strong spectral sidebands appear within 1 min. Total SWCNT photoluminescence can be enhanced by a factor as large as ∼5. Notably, emission spectra of reacted SWCNTs depend on the presence or absence of dissolved oxygen during the reaction. For (6,5) SWCNTs, treatment when oxygen is present gives an additional emission band red-shifted by 160 meV from the pristine position, whereas treatment without oxygen leads to two additional emission bands red-shifted by 140 and 270 meV. Variance spectroscopy shows the presence of individual "multicolor" nanotubes with three distinct emission bands (pristine plus two shifted). The facile generation of dual fluorescent quantum defects in SWCNTs provides emission closer to standard telecom wavelengths, advancing the prospects for applications as single-photon sources in quantum information processing.
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17
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Wei X, Tanaka T, Li S, Tsuzuki M, Wang G, Yao Z, Li L, Yomogida Y, Hirano A, Liu H, Kataura H. Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Corrected for the Photon Reabsorption Effect. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:410-417. [PMID: 31860318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) from single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) enables structural identification, but to derive the content rate of the specific chirality species it is necessary to know the quantum yield of each chirality. However, in the PL of SWCNTs, because the Stokes shift is small, the photon reabsorption effect is dominant and the apparent PL spectral shape and emission intensity are greatly modified depending on the concentration. This problem makes quantitative identification of SWCNTs by PL difficult. In this study, the concentration dependence of the PL of SWCNTs separated into a few chiralities was analyzed in detail, including the effect of reabsorption. It is clear that all changes in the PL spectrum occurring in the high concentration range can be explained simply by the reabsorption effect, and additional effects such as Coulomb interactions between SWCNTs can be negligible. Furthermore, a reliable quantum yield was derived from the emission intensity corrected for the reabsorption effect. The PL quantum yield varied with SWCNT chirality and exhibited a clear "family pattern". This is consistent with the theoretical report showing that the chirality-dependent PL quantum yield is dominated mainly by relaxation by optical phonons from E22 to E11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Mayumi Tsuzuki
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Guowei Wang
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Zhihui Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Linhai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji , Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirano
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Physical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
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18
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Fagan JA. Aqueous two-polymer phase extraction of single-wall carbon nanotubes using surfactants. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3307-3324. [PMID: 36133572 PMCID: PMC9417344 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00280d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This review details the current state of the art in aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) based separations of surfactant dispersed single-wall carbon nanotubes by their chemical species, i.e., (n,m) structure, semiconducting or metallic nature, and enantiomeric handedness. Discussions of the factors affecting each separation, including workflow effects, variations of different surfactant and nanotube materials, and the underlying physical mechanism are presented. Lastly an outlook on the applications of ATPE at bench scale and implementation to larger scales is discussed, along with identification of research directions that could further support ATPE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Fagan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA 20899
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19
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Lin CW, Bachilo SM, Zheng Y, Tsedev U, Huang S, Weisman RB, Belcher AM. Creating fluorescent quantum defects in carbon nanotubes using hypochlorite and light. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2874. [PMID: 31253811 PMCID: PMC6599008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can modify their optical properties, enabling applications as single-photon emitters and bio-imaging agents. We report here a simple, quick, and controllable method for preparing oxygen-doped SWCNTs with desirable emission spectra. Aqueous nanotube dispersions are treated at room temperature with NaClO (bleach) and then UV-irradiated for less than one minute to achieve optimized O-doping. The doping efficiency is controlled by varying surfactant concentration and type, NaClO concentration, and irradiation dose. Photochemical action spectra indicate that doping involves reaction of SWCNT sidewalls with oxygen atoms formed by photolysis of ClO- ions. Variance spectroscopy of products reveals that most individual nanotubes in optimally treated samples show both pristine and doped emission. A continuous flow reactor is described that allows efficient preparation of milligram quantities of O-doped SWCNTs. Finally, we demonstrate a bio-imaging application that gives high contrast short-wavelength infrared fluorescence images of vasculature and lymphatic structures in mice injected with only ~100 ng of the doped nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Lin
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sergei M Bachilo
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Uyanga Tsedev
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shengnan Huang
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Angela M Belcher
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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20
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Bati ASR, Yu L, Batmunkh M, Shapter JG. Synthesis, purification, properties and characterization of sorted single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22087-22139. [PMID: 30475354 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted significant attention due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical and optoelectronic properties, which makes them promising candidates for use in a wide range of applications. However, as-produced SWCNTs have a wide distribution of various chiral species with different properties (i.e. electronic structures). In order to take full advantage of SWCNT properties, highly purified and well-separated SWCNTs are of great importance. Recent advances have focused on developing new strategies to effectively separate nanotubes into single-chirality and/or semiconducting/metallic species and integrating them into different applications. This review highlights recent progress in this cutting-edge research area alongside the enormous development of their identification and structural characterization techniques. A comprehensive review of advances in both controlled synthesis and post-synthesis separation methods of SWCNTs are presented. The relationship between the unique structure of SWCNTs and their intrinsic properties is also discussed. Finally, important future directions for the development of sorting and purification protocols for SWCNTs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - LePing Yu
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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21
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Narrow-band single-photon emission through selective aryl functionalization of zigzag carbon nanotubes. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1089-1095. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Amori AR, Hou Z, Krauss TD. Excitons in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2018; 69:81-99. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-050317-014241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Amori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Zhentao Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Todd D. Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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23
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Lin CW, Yang H, Sanchez SR, Mao W, Pang L, Beckingham KM, Bast RC, Weisman RB. In Vivo Optical Detection and Spectral Triangulation of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41680-41690. [PMID: 29131572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the first in vivo demonstration of spectral triangulation, biocompatible composites of single-walled carbon nanotubes in Matrigel have been surgically implanted into mouse ovaries and then noninvasively detected and located. This optical method deduces the three-dimensional position of a short-wave IR emission source from the wavelength-dependent attenuation of fluorescence in tissues. Measurements were performed with a second-generation optical scanner that uses a light-emitting diode matrix emitting at 736 nm for diffuse specimen excitation. The intrinsic short-wave IR fluorescence of the nanotubes was collected at various positions on the specimen surface, spectrally filtered, and detected by a photon-counting InGaAs avalanche photodiode. Sensitivity studies showed a detection limit of ∼120 pg of nanotubes located beneath ∼3 mm of tissue. In addition, the mass and location of implanted nanotubes could be deduced through spectral triangulation with sub-millimeter accuracy, as validated with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Dual-modality imaging combining spectral triangulation with computed tomography or MRI will allow accurate registration of emission centers with anatomical features. These results are a step toward the future use of probes with targeting agents such as antibodies linked to nanotube tags for the noninvasive detection and imaging of tumors in preclinical research on small animals. Translation to the clinic could aid in early detection of ovarian cancer and identification of metastases for resection during primary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hailing Yang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | - Weiqun Mao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Lan Pang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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24
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Kanimozhi C, Brady GJ, Shea MJ, Huang P, Joo Y, Arnold MS, Gopalan P. Structurally Analogous Degradable Version of Fluorene-Bipyridine Copolymer with Exceptional Selectivity for Large-Diameter Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40734-40742. [PMID: 29067812 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Separation of electronically pure, narrowly dispersed, pristine, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from a heterogeneous as-synthesized mixture is essential for various semiconducting technologies and biomedical applications. Although conjugated polymer wrappers are often utilized to facilitate electronic-type sorting, it is highly desirable to remove organic residues from the resulting devices. We report here the design and synthesis of a mild acid-degradable π-conjugated polyimine polymer, poly[(9,9-di-n-octyl-2,7-fluoren-dinitrilomethine)-alt-co-(6,6'-{2,2'-bipyridyl-dimethine})] (PFO-N-BPy), that is structurally analogous to the commonly used and commercially available poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(6,6'-(2,2'-bipyridine))] (PFO-BPy). An acid cleavable imine link (-HC═N-) was introduced in the PFO-N-BPy backbone to impart degradability, which is absent in PFO-BPy. PFO-N-BPy was synthesized via a metal catalyst-free aza-Wittig reaction in high yields. PFO-N-BPy with a degree of polymerization of just ∼10 showed excellent (>99% electronic purity) selectivity for both large-diameter (1.3-1.7 nm) arc-discharge semiconducting CNTs (S-CNTs) and smaller diameter (0.8-1.2 nm) high-pressure carbon monoxide disproportionation reaction S-CNTs. Overall, the selectivity for the semiconducting species is similar to that of PFO-BPy but with an advantage of complete depolymerization under mild acidic conditions into recyclable monomers. We further show by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy that the PFO-N-BPy-wrapped S-CNTs can be aligned into a monolayer array on gate dielectrics using a floating evaporative self-assembly process from which the polymer can be completely removed. Short channel field effect transistors were fabricated from the polymer-stripped aligned S-CNT arrays, which further confirmed the semiconducting purity on the order of 99.9% or higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kanimozhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gerald J Brady
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew J Shea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Peishen Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yongho Joo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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25
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Eckstein A, Bertašius V, Jašinskas V, Namal I, Hertel T, Gulbinas V. Carrier photogeneration, drift and recombination in a semiconducting carbon nanotube network. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12441-12448. [PMID: 28809414 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03813e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge carrier photogeneration, drift and recombination in thin film networks of polymer-wrapped (6,5)-single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) blended with phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) have been investigated by using transient photocurrent and time-delayed collection field (TDCF) techniques. Three distinct transient photocurrent components on the nano- and microsecond timescales have been identified. We attribute the dominant (>50% of total extracted charge) ultrashort photocurrent component with a decay time below our experimental time-resolution of 2 ns to the intratube hole motion. The second component on the few microsecond timescale is attributed to the intertube hole transfer, while the slowest component is assigned to the electron drift within the PCBM phase. The hole drift distance appears to be limited by gaps in the nanotube percolation network rather than by hole trapping or recombination. Photocurrent saturation was observed when excitation densities reached more than one charge pair per nanotube; we attribute this to the local electric field screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eckstein
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Sanchez SR, Bachilo SM, Kadria-Vili Y, Weisman RB. Skewness Analysis in Variance Spectroscopy Measures Nanoparticle Individualization. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2924-2929. [PMID: 28604010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An important enabling step in nanoparticle studies is the sorting of heterogeneous mixtures to prepare structurally homogeneous samples. It is also necessary to detect and monitor aggregation of the individual nanoparticles. Although variance spectroscopy provides a simple optical method for finding low concentrations of heteroaggregates in samples such as single-walled carbon nanotube dispersions, it cannot detect the homoaggregates that are relevant for well-sorted samples. Here we demonstrate that variance spectral data can be further analyzed to find third moments of intensity distributions (skewness), which reveal the presence of emissive homoaggregates. Using experimental measurements on variously processed nanotube dispersions, we deduce a simple numerical standard for recognizing aggregation in the highly sorted samples that are increasingly available to nanoscience researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sergei M Bachilo
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yara Kadria-Vili
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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27
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Pfohl M, Tune DD, Graf A, Zaumseil J, Krupke R, Flavel BS. Fitting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Optical Spectra. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1163-1171. [PMID: 28393134 PMCID: PMC5377271 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comprehensive methodology for the fitting of single-walled carbon nanotube absorption spectra is presented. Different approaches to background subtraction, choice of line profile, and calculation of full width at half-maximum are discussed both in the context of previous literature and the contemporary understanding of carbon nanotube photophysics. The fitting is improved by the inclusion of exciton-phonon sidebands, and new techniques to improve the individualization of overlapped nanotube spectra by exploiting correlations between the first- and second-order optical transitions and the exciton-phonon sidebands are presented. Consideration of metallic nanotubes allows an analysis of the metallic/semiconducting content, and a process of constraining the fit of highly congested spectra of carbon nanotube solid films according to the spectral weights of each (n, m) species in solution is also presented, allowing for more reliable resolution of overlapping peaks into single (n, m) species contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Pfohl
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), P.O.
Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Jovanka-Bontschits-Str.
2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel D. Tune
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), P.O.
Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders
University, GPO Box 2100, 5042 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Arko Graf
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), P.O.
Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Jovanka-Bontschits-Str.
2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), P.O.
Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Jena PV, Galassi TV, Roxbury D, Heller DA. Progress Towards Applications of Carbon Nanotube Photoluminescence. ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : JSS 2017; 6:M3075-M3077. [PMID: 28845362 PMCID: PMC5568031 DOI: 10.1149/2.0121706jss] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the fifteen years following the discovery of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) photoluminescence, investigators have made significant progress in their understanding of the phenomenon and towards the development of applications. The intrinsic potential of semiconducting carbon nanotubes - a family of bright, photostable near infrared (NIR) fluorophores (900-2100 nm) with tunable properties, has motivated their use as optical probes and sensors. In this perspective, we highlight the advances made in the synthesis, processing, modification, separation, and metrology of carbon nanotubes in the context of applications of their photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakrit V. Jena
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Thomas V. Galassi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
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29
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Galassi TV, Jena PV, Roxbury D, Heller DA. Single Nanotube Spectral Imaging To Determine Molar Concentrations of Isolated Carbon Nanotube Species. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1073-1077. [PMID: 28194986 PMCID: PMC5511500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Electronic and biological applications of carbon nanotubes can be highly dependent on the species (chirality) of nanotube, purity, and concentration. Existing bulk methods, such as absorbance spectroscopy, can quantify sp2 carbon based on spectral bands, but nanotube length distribution, defects, and carbonaceous impurities can complicate quantification of individual particles. We present a general method to relate the optical density of a photoluminescent nanotube sample to the number of individual nanotubes. By acquiring 3-dimensional images of nanotubes embedded in a gel matrix with a reducing environment, we quantified all emissive nanotubes in a volume. Via spectral imaging, we assessed structural impurities and precisely determined molar concentrations of the (8,6) and (9,4) nanotube species. We developed an approach to obtain the molarity of any structurally enriched semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube preparation on a per-nanotube basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Galassi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Prakrit V. Jena
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
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