1
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Zvyagin AA, Slavin VV. Governing of the piezoelectric effect by external fields and strains. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18335. [PMID: 39112520 PMCID: PMC11306776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectricity in quantum rare-earth metallic boron oxides with the coupling between magnetic, electric and elastic subsystem is studied theoretically. It is proved that the change of piezoelectric modules of the considered crystals are proportional to components of the quadrupole susceptibility, which determines the external magnetic and electric fields, strain and temperature dependences of that change. We show why holmium compounds manifest the strongest renormalization among other rare-earth ions in this family of crystals. The reason is in the structure of the low energy term of the electron configuration, depending on spins and orbital moments of 4f electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zvyagin
- B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 47, Kharkiv, 61103, Ukraine
| | - V V Slavin
- B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 47, Kharkiv, 61103, Ukraine.
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2
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Xie Z, Zhao T, Yu X, Wang J. Nonlinear Optical Properties of 2D Materials and their Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311621. [PMID: 38618662 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are a subject of intense research in recent years owing to their exclusive photoelectric properties. With giant nonlinear susceptibility and perfect phase matching, 2D materials have marvelous nonlinear light-matter interactions. The nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials are of great significance to the design and analysis of applied materials and functional devices. Here, the fundamental of nonlinear optics (NLO) for 2D materials is introduced, and the methods for characterizing and measuring second-order and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental values of second-order susceptibility χ(2) and third-order susceptibility χ(3) are tabulated. Several applications and possible future research directions of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) for 2D materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xie
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuechao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Junjia Wang
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
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3
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Hou C, Shen Y, Wang Q, Yoshikawa A, Kawazoe Y, Jena P. In-Plane Sliding Ferroelectricity Realized in Penta-PdSe 2/Penta-PtSe 2 van der Waals Heterostructure. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16923-16933. [PMID: 38905522 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Different from conventional 2D sliding ferroelectrics with polarization switchable in the out-of-plane via interlayer sliding, we show the existence of in-plane sliding ferroelectricity in a bilayer of a pentagon-based van der Waals heterostructure formed by vertically stacking an experimentally synthesized penta-PdSe2 sheet and a crystal lattice well-matched penta-PtSe2 sheet. From the 128 sliding patterns, four stable configurations are found that exhibit in-plane sliding ferroelectricity with an ultralow polarization switching barrier of 1.91 meV/atom and a high ferroelectric polarization of ±17.11 × 10-10 C m-1. Following the ferroelectric transition among the stable sliding configurations, significant changes in carrier mobility, electrical conductivity, and second harmonic generation are identified. In particular, the ferroelectric stacking configurations are found to possess a negative Poisson's ratio, facilitating the experimental characterization of the sliding ferroelectric effect. This study demonstrates that pentagonal sheets can be used to realize 2D in-plane sliding ferroelectrics going beyond the existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiheng Shen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Akira Yoshikawa
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Puru Jena
- Department of Physics, Institute for Sustainable Energy and Environment, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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4
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Wang JP, Chen X, Zhao Q, Fang Y, Liu Q, Fu J, Liu Y, Xu X, Zhang J, Zhen L, Xu CY, Huang F, Meixner AJ, Zhang D, Gou G, Li Y. Out-of-plane Emission Dipole of Second Harmonic Generation in Odd- and Even-layered vdWs Janus Nb 3SeI 7. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16274-16284. [PMID: 38867607 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Integration of atomically thin nonlinear optical (NLO) devices demands an out-of-plane (OP) emission dipole of second harmonic generation (SHG) to enhance the spontaneous emission for nanophotonics. However, the research on van der Waals (vdWs) materials with an OP emission dipole of SHG is still in its infancy. Here, by coupling back focal plane (BFP) imaging with numerical simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that vdWs Janus Nb3SeI7, ranging from bulk to the monolayer limit, exhibits a dominant OP emission dipole of SHG owing to the breaking of the OP symmetry. Explicitly, even-layered Nb3SeI7 with C6v symmetry is predicted to exhibit a pure OP emission dipole attributed to the only second-order susceptibility coefficient χzxx. Meanwhile, although odd-layered Nb3SeI7 with C3v symmetry has both OP and IP dipole components (χzxx and χyyy), the value of χzxx is 1 order of magnitude greater than that of χyyy, leading to an approximate OP emission dipole of SHG. Moreover, the crystal symmetry and OP emission dipole can be preserved under hydrostatic pressure, accompanied by the enhanced χzxx and the resulting 3-fold increase in SHG intensity. The reported stable OP dipole in 2D vdWs Nb3SeI7 can facilitate the rapid development of chip-integrated NLO devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710199, China
| | - Yuqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jierui Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Liang Zhen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Gaoyang Gou
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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5
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Liao C, Wang M, Zhao YJ. Enormous and Tunable Bulk Charge/Spin Photovoltaic Effect in Piezoelectric Binary Materials T-IV-VI and T-V-V. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6099-6107. [PMID: 38820592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the nonlinear response of light and materials is crucial for fundamental physics and next-generation electronic devices. In this work, we have investigated the second-order nonlinear bulk photovoltaic (BPV) and bulk spin photovoltaic (BSPV) effects in the piezoelectric binary materials T-IV-VI and T-V-V (IV = Ge, Sn; VI = S, Se; and V = P, As, Sb, Bi). The independent nonzero conductivity tensors of charge current are derived for these binaries through the symmetry analysis, along with the mechanism for generating pure spin current. These binaries, with their unique folded structure, exhibit significant charge and spin currents under illumination. Furthermore, we find that strain engineering can effectively modulate charge/spin currents by influencing charge density distribution and built-in electric field due to the piezoelectric effect. Our research suggests that the piezoelectric binary materials possess enormous and tunable charge/spin currents, underscoring their potential for applications in nonlinear flexible optoelectronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Minglong Wang
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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6
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Song S, Rahaman M, Jariwala D. Can 2D Semiconductors Be Game-Changers for Nanoelectronics and Photonics? ACS NANO 2024; 18:10955-10978. [PMID: 38625032 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
2D semiconductors have interesting physical and chemical attributes that have led them to become one of the most intensely investigated semiconductor families in recent history. They may play a crucial role in the next technological revolution in electronics as well as optoelectronics or photonics. In this Perspective, we explore the fundamental principles and significant advancements in electronic and photonic devices comprising 2D semiconductors. We focus on strategies aimed at enhancing the performance of conventional devices and exploiting important properties of 2D semiconductors that allow fundamentally interesting device functionalities for future applications. Approaches for the realization of emerging logic transistors and memory devices as well as photovoltaics, photodetectors, electro-optical modulators, and nonlinear optics based on 2D semiconductors are discussed. We also provide a forward-looking perspective on critical remaining challenges and opportunities for basic science and technology level applications of 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunguk Song
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mahfujur Rahaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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7
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Fu Y, Liu Z, Yue S, Zhang K, Wang R, Zhang Z. Optical Second Harmonic Generation of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:662. [PMID: 38668156 PMCID: PMC11054873 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has attracted significant attention as a pivotal nonlinear optical effect in research. Notably, in low-dimensional materials (LDMs), SHG detection has become an instrumental tool for elucidating nonlinear optical properties due to their pronounced second-order susceptibility and distinct electronic structure. This review offers an exhaustive overview of the generation process and experimental configurations for SHG in such materials. It underscores the latest advancements in harnessing SHG as a sensitive probe for investigating the nonlinear optical attributes of these materials, with a particular focus on its pivotal role in unveiling electronic structures, bandgap characteristics, and crystal symmetry. By analyzing SHG signals, researchers can glean invaluable insights into the microscopic properties of these materials. Furthermore, this paper delves into the applications of optical SHG in imaging and time-resolved experiments. Finally, future directions and challenges toward the improvement in the NLO in LDMs are discussed to provide an outlook in this rapidly developing field, offering crucial perspectives for the design and optimization of pertinent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Yue
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Khanmohammadi S, Kushnir Friedman K, Chen E, Kastuar SM, Ekuma CE, Koski KJ, Titova LV. Tailoring Ultrafast Near-Band Gap Photoconductive Response in GeS by Zero-Valent Cu Intercalation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16445-16452. [PMID: 38528798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Zero-valent intercalation of atomic metals into the van der Waals gap of layered materials can be used to tune their electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Here, we report the impact of intercalating ∼3 atm percent of zero-valent copper into germanium sulfide (GeS). Advanced many-body calculations predict that copper introduces quasi-localized intermediate band states, and time-resolved THz spectroscopy studies demonstrate that those states have prominent effects on the photoconductivity of GeS. Cu-intercalated GeS exhibits a faster rise of transient photoconductivity and a shorter lifetime of optically injected carriers following near-gap excitation with 800 nm pulses. At the same time, Cu intercalation improves free carrier mobility from 1100 to 1300 cm2 V-1 s-1, which we attribute to the damping of acoustic phonons observed in Brillouin scattering and consequent reduction of phonon scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khanmohammadi
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Kateryna Kushnir Friedman
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Ethan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Srihari M Kastuar
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Chinedu E Ekuma
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kristie J Koski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lyubov V Titova
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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9
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Wang H, Chen Q, Cao Y, Sang W, Tan F, Li H, Wang T, Gan Y, Xiang D, Liu T. Anisotropic Strain-Tailoring Nonlinear Optical Response in van der Waals NbOI 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3413-3420. [PMID: 38456746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) NbOI2 demonstrates significant second-harmonic generation (SHG) with a high conversion efficiency. To unlock its full potential in practical applications, it is desirable to modulate the SHG behavior while utilizing the intrinsic lattice anisotropy. Here, we demonstrate direction-specific modulation of the SHG response in NbOI2 by applying anisotropic strain with respect to the intrinsic lattice orientations, where more than 2-fold enhancement in the SHG intensity is achieved under strain along the polar axis. The strain-driven SHG evolution is attributed to the strengthened built-in piezoelectric field (polar axis) and the enlarged Peierls distortions (nonpolar axis). Moreover, we provide quantifications of the correlation between strain and SHG intensity in terms of the susceptibility tensor. Our results demonstrate the effective coupling of orientation-specific strain to the anisotropic SHG response through the intrinsic polar order in 2D nonlinear optical crystals, opening a new paradigm toward the development of functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weihui Sang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feixia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Honghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Gan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Du Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Sun X, Suriyage M, Khan AR, Gao M, Zhao J, Liu B, Hasan MM, Rahman S, Chen RS, Lam PK, Lu Y. Twisted van der Waals Quantum Materials: Fundamentals, Tunability, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1992-2079. [PMID: 38335114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals (vdW) quantum materials have emerged as a rapidly developing field of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These materials establish a new central research area and provide a promising platform for studying quantum phenomena and investigating the engineering of novel optoelectronic properties such as single photon emission, nonlinear optical response, magnon physics, and topological superconductivity. These captivating electronic and optical properties result from, and can be tailored by, the interlayer coupling using moiré patterns formed by vertically stacking atomic layers with controlled angle misorientation or lattice mismatch. Their outstanding properties and the high degree of tunability position them as compelling building blocks for both compact quantum-enabled devices and classical optoelectronics. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and manipulation of twisted van der Waals structures and presents a survey of the state-of-the-art research on moiré superlattices, encompassing interdisciplinary interests. It delves into fundamental theories, synthesis and fabrication, and visualization techniques, and the wide range of novel physical phenomena exhibited by these structures, with a focus on their potential for practical device integration in applications ranging from quantum information to biosensors, and including classical optoelectronics such as modulators, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. It highlights the unique ability of moiré superlattices to connect multiple disciplines, covering chemistry, electronics, optics, photonics, magnetism, topological and quantum physics. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in moiré superlattices, shedding light on their fundamental characteristics and their potential for transformative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Manuka Suriyage
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ahmed Raza Khan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (Rachna College Campus), Gujranwala, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sharidya Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruo-Si Chen
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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11
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Cheng Z, Zhang J, Lin L, Zhan Z, Ma Y, Li J, Yu S, Cui H. Pressure-Induced Modulation of Tin Selenide Properties: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7971. [PMID: 38138462 PMCID: PMC10745316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tin selenide (SnSe) holds great potential for abundant future applications, due to its exceptional properties and distinctive layered structure, which can be modified using a variety of techniques. One of the many tuning techniques is pressure manipulating using the diamond anvil cell (DAC), which is a very efficient in situ and reversible approach for modulating the structure and physical properties of SnSe. We briefly summarize the advantages and challenges of experimental study using DAC in this review, then introduce the recent progress and achievements of the pressure-induced structure and performance of SnSe, especially including the influence of pressure on its crystal structure and optical, electronic, and thermoelectric properties. The overall goal of the review is to better understand the mechanics underlying pressure-induced phase transitions and to offer suggestions for properly designing a structural pattern to achieve or enhanced novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Cheng
- College of Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China; (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China; (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhan
- College of Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China; (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yibo Ma
- College of Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China; (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jia Li
- College of Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China; (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shenglong Yu
- College of Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China; (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
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12
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Shi C, Mao N, Zhang K, Zhang T, Chiu MH, Ashen K, Wang B, Tang X, Guo G, Lei S, Chen L, Cao Y, Qian X, Kong J, Han Y. Domain-dependent strain and stacking in two-dimensional van der Waals ferroelectrics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7168. [PMID: 37935672 PMCID: PMC10630342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectrics have attracted significant attention for their potential in next-generation nano-electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) group-IV monochalcogenides have emerged as a promising candidate due to their strong room temperature in-plane polarization down to a monolayer limit. However, their polarization is strongly coupled with the lattice strain and stacking orders, which impact their electronic properties. Here, we utilize four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) to simultaneously probe the in-plane strain and out-of-plane stacking in vdW SnSe. Specifically, we observe large lattice strain up to 4% with a gradient across ~50 nm to compensate lattice mismatch at domain walls, mitigating defects initiation. Additionally, we discover the unusual ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric domain walls stabilized by vdW force and may lead to anisotropic nonlinear optical responses. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of in-plane and out-of-plane structures affecting domain properties in vdW SnSe, laying the foundation for domain wall engineering in vdW ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Shi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Nannan Mao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kena Zhang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenna Ashen
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xiuyu Tang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Galio Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Shiming Lei
- Department of Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Longqing Chen
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ye Cao
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Qian
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yimo Han
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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13
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Ye L, Zhou W, Huang D, Jiang X, Guo Q, Cao X, Yan S, Wang X, Jia D, Jiang D, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Li Y, Lei H, Gou H, Huang B. Manipulation of nonlinear optical responses in layered ferroelectric niobium oxide dihalides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5911. [PMID: 37737236 PMCID: PMC10516934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Realization of highly tunable second-order nonlinear optical responses, e.g., second-harmonic generation and bulk photovoltaic effect, is critical for developing modern optical and optoelectronic devices. Recently, the van der Waals niobium oxide dihalides are discovered to exhibit unusually large second-harmonic generation. However, the physical origin and possible tunability of nonlinear optical responses in these materials remain to be unclear. In this article, we reveal that the large second-harmonic generation in NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, and I) may be partially contributed by the large band nesting effect in different Brillouin zone. Interestingly, the NbOCl2 can exhibit dramatically different strain-dependent bulk photovoltaic effect under different polarized light, originating from the light-polarization-dependent orbital transitions. Importantly, we achieve a reversible ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transition in NbOCl2 and a reversible ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition in NbOI2 under a certain region of external pressure, accompanied by the greatly tunable nonlinear optical responses but with different microscopic mechanisms. Our study establishes the interesting external-field tunability of NbOX2 for nonlinear optical device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangting Ye
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenju Zhou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dajian Huang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiangbing Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Donghan Jia
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dequan Jiang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hechang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Huiyang Gou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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14
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Zhu Y, Qu Z, Wang X, Zhang J, Wu Z, Xu Z, Yang F, Wang J, Dai Y. Electrostatic gating dependent multiple band alignments in ferroelectric VS 2/Ga 2O 3 van der Waals heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22711-22718. [PMID: 37606252 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02428h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with spontaneous intrinsic ferroelectrics play an essential role in ferroelectric memories. Also, the reversal of polarized directions induces band alignment transitions among different types to provide a new path for multifunctional devices. In this work, the structural and electronic properties of 2D VS2/Ga2O3 vdW heterostructures under different polarizations were investigated using first-principles calculations with the vdW correction of the DFT-D2 method. The results reveal that the polarized direction of a 2D Ga2O3 monolayer can cause a distinct band structure reversion from a metal to a semiconductor due to the shift of band alignment induced by the interlayer charge transfer. Moreover, the VS2/P↑ Ga2O3 heterostructures retain type-I and type-II band alignments in the majority and minority channel, respectively, under an external electric field. Interestingly, applying the external electric field for VS2/P↓ Ga2O3 heterostructures can lead to a transition from type-II to type-I in the majority channel, and from type-II to type-III in the minority channel. Our work provides a feasible way to realize 2D VS2/Ga2O3 vdW heterostructures for potential applications in ferroelectric memories and electrostatic gating dependent multiple band alignment devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlai Zhu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Zihan Qu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Xiaoteng Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Jishun Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Zuheng Wu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Zuyu Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Yuehua Dai
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
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15
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Qi J, Ma C, Guo Q, Ma C, Zhang Z, Liu F, Shi X, Wang L, Xue M, Wu M, Gao P, Hong H, Wang X, Wang E, Liu C, Liu K. Stacking-Controlled Growth of rBN Crystalline Films with High Nonlinear Optical Conversion Efficiency up to 1. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2303122. [PMID: 37522646 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical crystals lie at the core of ultrafast laser science and quantum communication technology. The emergence of 2D materials provides a revolutionary potential for nonlinear optical crystals due to their exceptionally high nonlinear coefficients. However, uncontrolled stacking orders generally induce the destructive nonlinear response due to the optical phase deviation in different 2D layers. Therefore, conversion efficiency of 2D nonlinear crystals is typically limited to less than 0.01% (far below the practical criterion of >1%). Here, crystalline films of rhombohedral boron nitride (rBN) with parallel stacked layers are controllably synthesized. This success is realized by the utilization of vicinal FeNi (111) single crystal, where both the unidirectional arrangement of BN grains into a single-crystal monolayer and the continuous precipitation of (B,N) source for thick layers are guaranteed. The preserved in-plane inversion asymmetry in rBN films keeps the in-phase second-harmonic generation field in every layer and leads to a record-high conversion efficiency of 1% in the whole family of 2D materials within the coherence thickness of only 1.6 µm. The work provides a route for designing ultrathin nonlinear optical crystals from 2D materials, and will promote the on-demand fabrication of integrated photonic and compact quantum optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Quanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chaojie Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuping Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Muhong Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Enge Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Lab, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Lab, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
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16
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Jiang X, Kang L, Wang J, Huang B. Giant Bulk Electrophotovoltaic Effect in Heteronodal-Line Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:256902. [PMID: 37418709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.256902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The realization of a giant and continuously tunable second-order photocurrent is desired for many nonlinear optical (NLO) and optoelectronic applications, which remains a great challenge. Here, based on a two-band model, we propose a concept of the bulk electrophotovoltaic effect, that is, an out-of-plane external electric field (E_{ext}) that can continuously tune in-plane shift current along with its sign flip in a heteronodal-line (HNL) system. While strong linear optical transition around the nodal loop may potentially generate giant shift current, an E_{ext} can effectively control the radius of the nodal loop, which can continuously modulate the shift-vector components inside and outside the nodal loop holding opposite signs. This concept has been demonstrated in the HNL HSnN/MoS_{2} system using first-principles calculations. The HSnN/MoS_{2} heterobilayer can not only produce a shift-current conductivity with magnitude that is one to two orders larger than other reported systems, but it can also realize a giant bulk electrophotovoltaic effect. Our finding opens new routes to create and manipulate NLO responses in 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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17
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Elbanna A, Jiang H, Fu Q, Zhu JF, Liu Y, Zhao M, Liu D, Lai S, Chua XW, Pan J, Shen ZX, Wu L, Liu Z, Qiu CW, Teng J. 2D Material Infrared Photonics and Plasmonics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4134-4179. [PMID: 36821785 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and semimetals have attracted extensive and widespread interest over the past years for their many intriguing properties and phenomena, underlying physics, and great potential for applications. The vast library of 2D materials and their heterostructures provides a diverse range of electrical, photonic, mechanical, and chemical properties with boundless opportunities for photonics and plasmonic devices. The infrared (IR) regime, with wavelengths across 0.78 μm to 1000 μm, has particular technological significance in industrial, military, commercial, and medical settings while facing challenges especially in the limit of materials. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the varied approaches taken to leverage the properties of the 2D materials for IR applications in photodetection and sensing, light emission and modulation, surface plasmon and phonon polaritons, non-linear optics, and Smith-Purcell radiation, among others. The strategies examined include the growth and processing of 2D materials, the use of various 2D materials like semiconductors, semimetals, Weyl-semimetals and 2D heterostructures or mixed-dimensional hybrid structures, and the engineering of light-matter interactions through nanophotonics, metasurfaces, and 2D polaritons. Finally, we give an outlook on the challenges in realizing high-performance and ambient-stable devices and the prospects for future research and large-scale commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbanna
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qundong Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Juan-Feng Zhu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Dongjue Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Samuel Lai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Wei Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jisheng Pan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ze Xiang Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Energy Research Institute@NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Lin Wu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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18
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Xie Y, Yu H, Wei J, He Q, Yu H, Zhang H. Strong, anisotropic, layer-independent second harmonic generation in multilayer SnS film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9779-9789. [PMID: 37157541 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Materials based on group IV chalcogenides exhibit extensive technologically important properties. Its unusual chemical bonding and off-centering of in-layer sublattices could cause chemical polarity and weakly broken symmetry, making optical field controlling feasible. Here, we fabricated large-area SnS multilayer films and observed unexpected strong SHG response at 1030 nm. The appreciable SHG intensities were obtained with an independence on layer, which is opposite to the generation principle of overall nonzero dipole moment only in odd-layer material. Taking GaAs for reference, the second-order susceptibility was estimated to be 7.25 pm/V enhanced by mixed-chemical bonding polarity. Further polarization-dependent SHG intensity confirmed the crystalline orientation of SnS films. The results imply surface inversion symmetry broken and nonzero polarization field modified by metavalent bonding should be the origin of SHG responses. Our observations establish multilayer SnS as a promising nonlinear material, and will guide in design of IV chalcogenides with improved optics and photonics properties for the potential applications.
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19
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Electronic Structures and NLO Properties of a Series of TMDs Lateral‐Core–Shell Heterostructures Quantum Dots. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Sarkar AS, Konidakis I, Gagaoudakis E, Maragkakis GM, Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Katerinopoulou D, Sygellou L, Deligeorgis G, Binas V, Oikonomou IM, Komninou P, Kiriakidis G, Kioseoglou G, Stratakis E. Liquid Phase Isolation of SnS Monolayers with Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2201842. [PMID: 36574469 PMCID: PMC9951343 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in atomically thin two dimensional (2D) anisotropic group IVA -VI metal monochalcogenides (MMCs) and their fascinating intrinsic properties and potential applications are hampered due to an ongoing challenge of monolayer isolation. Among the most promising MMCs, tin (II) sulfide (SnS) is an earth-abundant layered material with tunable bandgap and anisotropic physical properties, which render it extraordinary for electronics and optoelectronics. To date, however, the successful isolation of atomically thin SnS single layers at large quantities has been challenging due to the presence of strong interlayer interactions, attributed to the lone-pair electrons of sulfur. Here, a novel liquid phase exfoliation approach is reported, which enables the overcome of such strong interlayer binding energy. Specifically, it demonstrates that the synergistic action of external thermal energy with the ultrasound energy-induced hydrodynamic force in solution gives rise to the systematic isolation of highly crystalline SnS monolayers (1L-SnS). It is shown that the exfoliated 1L-SnS crystals exhibit high carrier mobility and deep-UV spectral photodetection, featuring a fast carrier response time of 400 ms. At the same time, monolayer-based SnS transistor devices fabricated from solution present a high on/off ratio, complemented with a responsivity of 6.7 × 10-3 A W-1 and remarkable stability upon prolonged operation in ambient conditions. This study opens a new avenue for large-scale isolation of highly crystalline SnS and other MMC manolayers for a wide range of applications, including extended area nanoelectronic devices, printed from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Salam Sarkar
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
| | - Ioannis Konidakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
| | - E. Gagaoudakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
| | - G. M. Maragkakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of CreteHeraklion710 03Greece
| | - S. Psilodimitrakopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
| | - D. Katerinopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of CreteHeraklion710 03Greece
| | - L. Sygellou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE‐HT)Foundation of Research and TechnologyHellas, P.O. Box 1414Rio Patras26504Greece
| | - G. Deligeorgis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
| | - Vassilios Binas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of CreteHeraklion710 03Greece
| | - Ilias M. Oikonomou
- Department of PhysicsAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki54124Greece
| | - Philomela Komninou
- Department of PhysicsAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki54124Greece
| | - G. Kiriakidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
| | - G. Kioseoglou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
- Department of Materials Science and TechnologyUniversity of CreteHeraklion710 03Greece
| | - E. Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion700 13Greece
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of CreteHeraklion710 03Greece
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21
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Low symmetric sub-wavelength array enhanced lensless polarization-sensitivity photodetector of germanium selenium. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:173-179. [PMID: 36653218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive photodetectors, with the ability of identifying the texture-, stress-, and roughness-induced light polarization state variation, displace unique advantages in the fields of national security, medical diagnosis, and aerospace. The utilization of in-plane anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials has led the polarization photodetector into a polarizer-free regime, and facilitated the miniaturization of optoelectronic device integration. However, the insufficient polarization ratio (usually less than 10) restricts the detection resolution of polarized signals. Here, we designed a sub-wavelength array (SWA) structure of 2D germanium selenium (GeSe) to further improve its anisotropic sensitivity, which boosts the polarized photocurrent ratio from 1.6 to 18. This enhancement comes from the combination of nano-scale arrays with atomic-scale lattice arrangement at the low-symmetric direction, while the polarization-sensitive photoresponse along the high-symmetric direction is strongly suppressed due to the SWA-caused depolarization effect. Our mechanism study revealed that the SWA can improve the asymmetry of charge distribution, attenuate the matrix element in zigzag direction, and the localized surface plasma, which elevates the photo absorption and photoelectric transition probability along the armchair direction, therefore accounts for the enhanced polarization sensitivity. In addition, the photodetector based on GeSe SWA exhibited a broad power range of 40 dB at a near-infrared wavelength of 808 nm and the ability of weak-light detection under 0.1 LUX of white light (two orders of magnitude smaller than pristine 2D GeSe). This work provides a feasible guideline to improve the polarization sensitivity of 2D materials, and will greatly benefit the development of polarized imaging sensors.
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22
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Jia J, Zhu Z, Gong C, Li M, Zhang J, Song Y, She Y. Synthesis and third-order nonlinear properties of D-A-D structure acridone derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Cheng R, Yin L, Wen Y, Zhai B, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Liao W, Xiong W, Wang H, Yuan S, Jiang J, Liu C, He J. Ultrathin ferrite nanosheets for room-temperature two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5241. [PMID: 36068242 PMCID: PMC9448765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of magnetism in ultrathin crystals opens up opportunities to explore new physics and to develop next-generation spintronic devices. Nevertheless, two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors with Curie temperatures higher than room temperature have rarely been reported. Ferrites with strongly correlated d-orbital electrons may be alternative candidates offering two-dimensional high-temperature magnetic ordering. This prospect is, however, hindered by their inherent three-dimensional bonded nature. Here, we develop a confined-van der Waals epitaxial approach to synthesizing air-stable semiconducting cobalt ferrite nanosheets with thickness down to one unit cell using a facile chemical vapor deposition process. The hard magnetic behavior and magnetic domain evolution are demonstrated by means of vibrating sample magnetometry, magnetic force microscopy and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements, which shows high Curie temperature above 390 K and strong dimensionality effect. The addition of room-temperature magnetic semiconductors to two-dimensional material family provides possibilities for numerous novel applications in computing, sensing and information storage. Van der Waals crystals allow for magnetism down to the monolayer limit, however, this magnetism, and frequently the material itself, is fragile. Ferrites, conversely, have robust material stability and magnetic order, but are three dimensional. Here the authors succeed in creating a single unit cell thickness of Cobalt Ferrite via chemical vapour deposition, with hard magnetic properties, and curie temperature exceeding room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Baoxing Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuzheng Guo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhaofu Zhang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weitu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenqi Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shengjun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuansheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China.
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24
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Bianca G, Trovatello C, Zilli A, Zappia MI, Bellani S, Curreli N, Conticello I, Buha J, Piccinni M, Ghini M, Celebrano M, Finazzi M, Kriegel I, Antonatos N, Sofer Z, Bonaccorso F. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Bismuth Telluride Iodide (BiTeI): Structural and Optical Properties of Single-/Few-Layer Flakes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34963-34974. [PMID: 35876692 PMCID: PMC9354013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth telluride halides (BiTeX) are Rashba-type crystals with several potential applications ranging from spintronics and nonlinear optics to energy. Their layered structures and low cleavage energies allow their production in a two-dimensional form, opening the path to miniaturized device concepts. The possibility to exfoliate bulk BiTeX crystals in the liquid represents a useful tool to formulate a large variety of functional inks for large-scale and cost-effective device manufacturing. Nevertheless, the exfoliation of BiTeI by means of mechanical and electrochemical exfoliation proved to be challenging. In this work, we report the first ultrasonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of BiTeI crystals. By screening solvents with different surface tension and Hildebrandt parameters, we maximize the exfoliation efficiency by minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the mixture solvent/BiTeI crystal. The most effective solvents for the BiTeI exfoliation have a surface tension close to 28 mN m-1 and a Hildebrandt parameter between 19 and 25 MPa0.5. The morphological, structural, and chemical properties of the LPE-produced single-/few-layer BiTeI flakes (average thickness of ∼3 nm) are evaluated through microscopic and optical characterizations, confirming their crystallinity. Second-harmonic generation measurements confirm the non-centrosymmetric structure of both bulk and exfoliated materials, revealing a large nonlinear optical response of BiTeI flakes due to the presence of strong quantum confinement effects and the absence of typical phase-matching requirements encountered in bulk nonlinear crystals. We estimated a second-order nonlinearity at 0.8 eV of |χ(2)| ∼ 1 nm V-1, which is 10 times larger than in bulk BiTeI crystals and is of the same order of magnitude as in other semiconducting monolayers (e.g., MoS2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bianca
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Trovatello
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Attilio Zilli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marilena Isabella Zappia
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 31/C Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Curreli
- Functional
Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Conticello
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Joka Buha
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Marco Piccinni
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Ghini
- Functional
Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Celebrano
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Finazzi
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilka Kriegel
- Functional
Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Nikolas Antonatos
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy
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25
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Strasser A, Wang H, Qian X. Nonlinear Optical and Photocurrent Responses in Janus MoSSe Monolayer and MoS 2-MoSSe van der Waals Heterostructure. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4145-4152. [PMID: 35532538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides are promising materials platforms for a variety of optoelectronic device applications. Janus 2D materials are a rising class of 2D materials with low symmetry, which leads to the emergence of out-of-plane electric polarization and piezoelectricity. Using first-principles density functional theory, we show that monolayer and bilayer heterostructure Janus MoSSe moieties exhibit strong nonlinear optical responses that are vanishing in the non-Janus form. The absence of horizontal mirror plane symmetry enables a circular photocurrent as well as a large out-of-plane second harmonic generation (SHG) and shift photocurrent. Through a comparative study of the Janus heterostructure MoS2-MoSSe on five distinct stacking configurations, we find that the magnitude of the out-of-plane SHG in the Janus heterostructure is enhanced due to the interlayer coupling and interference effect compared to that of monolayer MoSSe. Thus, Janus 2D materials offer a unique opportunity for exploring nonlinear optical phenomena and designing configurable layered nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Strasser
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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26
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Wu Q, Liang F, Kang L, Wu J, Lin Z. Sliding Modulation in Nonlinear Optical Effect in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cu 2MoS 4. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9535-9543. [PMID: 35148072 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to different nonlinear optical (NLO) motifs with diverse structural and symmetrical assemblies, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) transition metal ternary chalcogenides (TMTCs) have unique advantages in nano-NLO modulation compared to 2D vdW transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2). Based on first-principles calculations, in this study, we discover that layered Cu2MoS4 with two tetrahedral [MoS4] and [CuS4] motifs, as a representative 2D vdW TMTC, has an extremely rare sliding-modulated second harmonic effect with nearly 70% fluctuation, much larger than 5% in MoS2 with a single octahedral [MoS6] motif because of different synergistic effects among intra- and interlayer NLO polarizations induced by the [CuS4] and [MoS4] NLO-active motifs. Furthermore, the Cu2MoS4 layers exhibit a low energy barrier in interlayer sliding with a robust SHG response against large strains, displaying a novel and applicable NLO-modulation mechanism in nano-optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Wu
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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He C, Wu R, Zhu L, Huang Y, Du W, Qi M, Zhou Y, Zhao Q, Xu X. Anisotropic Second-Harmonic Generation Induced by Reduction of In-Plane Symmetry in 2D Materials with Strain Engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:352-361. [PMID: 34985291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering is an attractive method to induce and control anisotropy for polarized optoelectronic applications with two-dimensional (2D) materials. Herein, we have investigated the nonlinear optical coefficient dispersion relationship and the second-harmonic generation (SHG) pattern evolution under the uniaxial strains for graphene, WS2, GaSe, and In2Se3 monolayers. The uniaxial strain can break the in-plane symmetry of 2D materials, leading to both trade-off breaking of the nonlinear coefficient and new emergent nonlinear coefficients. In such a case, a classical sixfold ϕ-dependent SHG pattern is transformed into a distorted sixfold SHG pattern under the strain. Due to the lattice symmetry breaking and the uneven charge density distribution in strained 2D materials, the SHG patterns also depend on the excitation photon energy. The results could give a guide for the SHG pattern analysis in experiments, suggesting strain engineering on 2D materials for the tunable anisotropy in polarized and flexible nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ruowei Wu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lipeng Zhu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wanyi Du
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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28
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Hassan A, Nazir MA, Shen Y, Guo Y, Kang W, Wang Q. First-Principles Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Enhanced Optical Properties of SnS/TaS 2 Heterojunction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2177-2184. [PMID: 34939777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the electronics and optoelectronics based on two-dimensional (2D) SnS have attracted great interest, their development is hindered by the large contact resistance at the interface of the metal-semiconductor junction. In this work, using first-principles calculations, we evaluate the contact performance in a van der Waals heterostructure composed of 2D SnS and TaS2. We demonstrate that holes can freely transfer from the electrode to the channel as a consequence of the Schottky-barrier-free interface as well as an upward band bending. Moreover, we show that the intrinsic properties of the SnS monolayer are well-preserved in the heterojunction, which is different from those of contact with metal surfaces. An enhanced optical response is also observed as compared with the freestanding sheet. Given the recent experimental synthesis of the SnS-TaS2 superlattice, this study enhances the understanding of the interface properties of SnS-based metal contact, which is essential for future device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzoo Hassan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Nazir
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiheng Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEPDS, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaguang Guo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEPDS, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEPDS, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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29
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Abstract
Due to unprecedented application prospects such as high-density and low-power multistate storage, spintronics and nanoelectronics, two-dimensional (2D) multiferroics, coupled with at least two ferroic orders, have gotten a lot of interest in recent years. Multiple functions can be achieved in 2D multiferroics via coupling phenomena such as magnetoelectricity, piezoelectricity, and magnetoelasticity, which offers technical support for the creation of multifunctional devices. The research progress of 2D ferromagnetic-ferroelectric multiferroic materials, ferroelectric-ferroelastic multiferroic materials, and ferromagnetic-ferroelastic materials in recent years is reviewed in this paper. The categorization of 2D multiferroics is explored in terms of the multiple sources of ferroelectricity. The top-down approaches and the bottom-up methods used to fabricate 2D multiferroics materials are introduced. Finally, the authors outline potential research prospects and application scenarios for 2D multiferroic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunye Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
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30
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Peng Q, Li D, Huang P, Ren Y, Li Z, Pi L, Chen P, Wu M, Zhang X, Zhou X, Zhai T. Room-Temperature Ferroelectricity in 2D Metal-Tellurium-Oxyhalide Cd 7Te 7Cl 8O 17 via Selenium-Induced Selective-Bonding Growth. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16525-16532. [PMID: 34559511 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials have attracted increasing interest due to meeting the requirements of integration, miniaturization, and multifunction of devices. However, the exploration of intrinsic 2D ferroelectric materials is still in the early stage, for which the related reports are still limited, especially fewer ones prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Here, the ultrathin metal-tellurium-oxyhalide Cd7Te7Cl8O17 (CTCO) flakes as thin as 3.8 nm are realized via the selenium-induced selective-bonding CVD method. The growth mechanism has been confirmed by experiments and theoretical calculations, which can be ascribed to the induction of selective bonding of a hydrogen atom in H2O molecules by the introduction of selenium, leading to the generation of strong oxidants. Excitingly, switchable out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization was observed in CTCO flakes down to 6 nm at room temperature, which may be caused by mobile Cl vacancies. This work has implications for the synthesis and applications of 2D ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Ren
- School of Physics, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lejing Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghao Wu
- School of Physics, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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31
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Taghizadeh A, Thygesen KS, Pedersen TG. Two-Dimensional Materials with Giant Optical Nonlinearities near the Theoretical Upper Limit. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7155-7167. [PMID: 33724766 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomena such as harmonic generation and Kerr and Pockels effects are of great technological importance for lasers, frequency converters, modulators, switches, etc. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have drawn significant attention due to their strong and peculiar NLO properties. Here, we describe an efficient first-principles workflow for calculating the quadratic optical response and apply it to 375 non-centrosymmetric semiconductor monolayers from the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB). Sorting the nonresonant nonlinearities with respect to bandgap Eg reveals an upper limit proportional to Eg-4, which is neatly explained by two distinct generic models. We identify multiple promising candidates with giant nonlinearities and bandgaps ranging from 0.4 to 5 eV, some of which approach the theoretical upper limit and greatly outperform known materials. Our comprehensive library of ab initio NLO spectra for all 375 monolayers is freely available via the C2DB Web site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Taghizadeh
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
- Computational Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian S Thygesen
- Computational Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas G Pedersen
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
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32
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Wang S, Cui X, Jian C, Cheng H, Niu M, Yu J, Yan J, Huang W. Stacking-Engineered Heterostructures in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005735. [PMID: 33719078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer assembly of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer blocks to form a 3D stack, with a precisely chosen sequence/angle, is the newest development for these materials. In this way, one can create "van der Waals heterostructures (HSs)," opening up a new realm of materials engineering and novel devices with designed functionalities. Herein, a detailed systematic review of transition metal dichalcogenide stacking-engineered heterostructures, from controllable fabrication to typical characterization, and stacking-correlated physical behaviors is presented. Furthermore, recent advances in stacking design, such as stacking sequence, twist angles, and moiré superlattice heterojunctions, are also comprehensively summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and possible strategies for using stacking engineering to tune the properties of 2D materials are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xuehao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Chang'e Jian
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Haowei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Jiaxu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Cheng M, Shi X, Wu S, Zhu ZZ. Significant second-harmonic generation and bulk photovoltaic effect in trigonal selenium and tellurium chains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6823-6831. [PMID: 33725029 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) selenium and tellurium crystalize in helical chainlike structures and thus exhibit fascinating properties. By performing first-principles calculations, we have researched the linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 1D Se and Te, and find that both systems exhibit pronounced NLO responses. In particular, 1D Se is found to possess a large second-harmonic generation coefficient with the χ value being up to 7 times larger than that of GaN, and is even several times larger than that of the bulk counterpart. On the other hand, 1D Te also produces significant NLO susceptibility χ which exceeds that of bulk GaN by 5 times. Furthermore, 1D Te is shown to possess a prominent linear electro-optic coefficient rxxx(0). In particular, the Te chain exhibits a large shift current response and the maximum is twice as large as the maximal photovoltaic responses obtained from BaTiO3. Therefore, 1D Se and Te may find potential applications in solar energy conversion, electro-optical switches, and so on. Finally, the much stronger NLO effects of 1D Se and Te are attributed to their one-dimensional structures with high anisotropy, strong covalent bonding and lone-pair electrons. These findings will contribute further to experimental studies and the search for excellent materials with large NLO effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Cheng
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Yang JS, Zhao L, Li SQ, Liu H, Wang L, Chen M, Gao J, Zhao J. Accurate electronic properties and non-linear optical response of two-dimensional MA2Z4. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5479-5488. [PMID: 33687047 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09146d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional MA2Z4 (M = Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, or Cr; A = Si or Ge; Z = N, P, or As) is a new lead in the 2D family, because it exhibits versatile properties by tuning the components M, A and Z. However, theoretical studies on MA2Z4 are quite limited, and electronic properties are mainly studied by standard DFT levels, which seriously underestimates the band gap. Here, we systematically investigated the electronic properties and nonlinear optical response of MA2Z4 using a hybrid HSE06 functional. It was found that replacing component Z changes the lattice constant most, while the lattice influence by component M substitution is only slight. We showed that the gap difference between PBE and HSE06 is generally about 30% but can be up to 101%. (MIV = Hf, Ti, or Zr)Si2N4 possesses multi-valley characteristics. Furthermore, the second-harmonic generation (SHG) responses of various MA2Z4 composites were also calculated. Three non-zero elements of second order non-linear susceptibilities are revealed for MA2Z4 with the relationship: d16 = d21 = d22, indicating that MA2Z4 belongs to the D3H1 space group. HfSi2N4 possesses a multi-valley characteristic, and exhibits the largest susceptibility under broad wavelengths and the value of d21 reaches 3697.04 pm V-1 at band gap resonance energy. Intriguingly, the non-linear coefficients of MoSi2P4 and MoSi2As4 in the IR region are two orders of magnitude larger than those of other well-known non-linear crystals, such as LiGaS2 and BaAl4S7. We further explored the anisotropic SHG response by the polar plot of intensity under different incident light into MA2Z4. Our work provides theoretical guidelines for further experimental explorations of MA2Z4 and paves the way for its utilization in non-linear optic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Luneng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Shi-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian 116024, China.
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Giant nonlinear optical activity in two-dimensional palladium diselenide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1083. [PMID: 33597512 PMCID: PMC7889859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical effects in layered two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides have been extensively explored recently because of the promising prospect of the nonlinear optical effects for various optoelectronic applications. However, these materials possess sizable bandgaps ranging from visible to ultraviolet region, so the investigation of narrow-bandgap materials remains deficient. Here, we report our comprehensive study on the nonlinear optical processes in palladium diselenide (PdSe2) that has a near-infrared bandgap. Interestingly, this material exhibits a unique thickness-dependent second harmonic generation feature, which is in contrast to other transition metal chalcogenides. Furthermore, the two-photon absorption coefficients of 1–3 layer PdSe2 (β ~ 4.16 × 105, 2.58 × 105, and 1.51 × 105 cm GW−1) are larger by two and three orders of magnitude than that of the conventional two-dimensional materials, and giant modulation depths (αs ~ 32%, 27%, and 24%) were obtained in 1–3 layer PdSe2. Such unique nonlinear optical characteristics make PdSe2 a potential candidate for technological innovations in nonlinear optoelectronic devices. Strong nonlinearities in 2D materials can lead to interesting applications in optoelectronics. Here the authors investigate the optical nonlinearity of palladium diselenide, determine the layer dependent two photon absorption efficiency and the saturable absorption modulation depth.
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Bergeron H, Lebedev D, Hersam MC. Polymorphism in Post-Dichalcogenide Two-Dimensional Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2713-2775. [PMID: 33555868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a wide range of atomic structures, compositions, and associated versatility of properties. Furthermore, for a given composition, a variety of different crystal structures (i.e., polymorphs) can be observed. Polymorphism in 2D materials presents a fertile landscape for designing novel architectures and imparting new functionalities. The objective of this Review is to identify the polymorphs of emerging 2D materials, describe their polymorph-dependent properties, and outline methods used for polymorph control. Since traditional 2D materials (e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides) have already been studied extensively, the focus here is on polymorphism in post-dichalcogenide 2D materials including group III, IV, and V elemental 2D materials, layered group III, IV, and V metal chalcogenides, and 2D transition metal halides. In addition to providing a comprehensive survey of recent experimental and theoretical literature, this Review identifies the most promising opportunities for future research including how 2D polymorph engineering can provide a pathway to materials by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadallia Bergeron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dmitry Lebedev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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37
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Liang J, Fang Q, Wang H, Xu R, Jia S, Guan Y, Ai Q, Gao G, Guo H, Shen K, Wen X, Terlier T, Wiederrecht GP, Qian X, Zhu H, Lou J. Perovskite-Derivative Valleytronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004111. [PMID: 33103318 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are revolutionizing the renewable energy sector owing to their high photovoltaic efficiency, low manufacturing cost, and flexibility. Their remarkable mobility and long carrier lifetime are also valuable for information technology, but fundamental challenges like poor stability under an electric field prevent realistic applications of halide perovskites in electronics. Here, it is discovered that valleytronics is a promising route to leverage the advantages of halide perovskites and derivatives for information storage and processing. The synthesized all-inorganic lead-free perovskite derivative, Cs3 Bi2 I9 , exhibits strong light-matter interaction and parity-dependent optically addressable valley degree of freedom. Robust optical helicity in all odd-layer-number crystals with inversion symmetry breaking is observed, indicating excitonic coherence extending well beyond 11 layers. The excellent optical and valley properties of Cs3 Bi2 I9 arise from the unique parallel bands, according to first principles calculations. This discovery points to new materials design principles for scalable valleytronic devices and demonstrates the promise of perovskite derivatives beyond energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Qiyi Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Shuai Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yuxuan Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Qing Ai
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Kaijun Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xiewen Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- Shared Equipment Authority, SIMS Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Gary P Wiederrecht
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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38
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Khan AR, Liu B, Lü T, Zhang L, Sharma A, Zhu Y, Ma W, Lu Y. Direct Measurement of Folding Angle and Strain Vector in Atomically Thin WS 2 Using Second-Harmonic Generation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15806-15815. [PMID: 33179915 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural engineering techniques such as local strain engineering and folding provide functional control over critical optoelectronic properties of 2D materials. Local strain engineering at the nanoscale level is practically achieved via permanently deformed wrinkled nanostructures, which are reported to show photoluminescence enhancement, bandgap modulation, and funneling effect. Folding in 2D materials is reported to tune optoelecronic properties via folding angle dependent interlayer coupling and symmetry variation. The accurate and efficient monitoring of local strain vector and folding angle is important to optimize the performance of optoelectronic devices. Conventionally, the accurate measurement of both strain amplitude and strain direction in wrinkled nanostructures requires the combined usage of multiple tools resulting in manufacturing lead time and cost. Here, we demonstrate the usage of a single tool, polarization-dependent second-harmonic generation (SHG), to determine the folding angle and strain vector accurately and efficiently in ultrathin WS2. The folding angle in trilayer WS2 folds exhibiting 1-9 times SHG enhancement is probed through variable approaches such as SHG enhancement factor, maxima and minima SHG phase difference, and linear dichroism. In compressive strain induced wrinkled nanostructures, strain-dependent SHG quenching and enhancement is observed parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the direction of the compressive strain vector, allowing us to determine the local strain vector accurately using a photoelastic approach. We further demonstrate that SHG is highly sensitive to band-nesting-induced transition (C-peak), which can be significantly modulated by strain. Our results show SHG as a powerful probe to folding angle and strain vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Raza Khan
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (Rachna College), Lahore, 54700, Pakistan
| | - Boqing Liu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tieyu Lü
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Linglong Zhang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Wendi Ma
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Sarkar AS, Stratakis E. Recent Advances in 2D Metal Monochalcogenides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001655. [PMID: 33173730 PMCID: PMC7610304 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The family of emerging low-symmetry and structural in-plane anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials has been expanding rapidly in recent years. As an important emerging anisotropic 2D material, the black phosphorene analog group IVA-VI metal monochalcogenides (MMCs) have been surged recently due to their distinctive crystalline symmetries, exotic in-plane anisotropic electronic and optical response, earth abundance, and environmentally friendly characteristics. In this article, the recent research advancements in the field of anisotropic 2D MMCs are reviewed. At first, the unique wavy crystal structures together with the optical and electronic properties of such materials are discussed. The Review continues with the various methods adopted for the synthesis of layered MMCs including micromechanical and liquid phase exfoliation as well as physical vapor deposition. The last part of the article focuses on the application of the structural anisotropic response of 2D MMCs in field effect transistors, photovoltaic cells nonlinear optics, and valleytronic devices. Besides presenting the significant research in the field of this emerging class of 2D materials, this Review also delineates the existing limitations and discusses emerging possibilities and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Salam Sarkar
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklionCrete700 13Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklionCrete700 13Greece
- Physics DepartmentUniversity of CreteHeraklionCrete710 03Greece
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40
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Cai Z, Cheng X, Whangbo MH, Hong M, Deng S. The partition principles for atomic-scale structures and their physical properties: application to the nonlinear optical crystal material KBe 2BO 3F 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19299-19306. [PMID: 32820301 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02755c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In implementing the materials genome approach to search for new materials with interesting properties or functions, it is necessary to find the correct functional motif. To this end, it is common to partition an extended structure into various building units and then partition its properties to find the appropriate functional motif. We have developed the general principles for partitioning a structure and its properties in terms of a set of atoms and bonds by analyzing the differential cross-sections of neutron and X-ray scattering phenomena and proposed the procedures with which to partition an extended structure and its properties. We demonstrate how these procedures work by analyzing the nonlinear optical crystal KBe2BO3F2. Our partitioning analysis of KBe2BO3F2 leads to the conclusion that the second harmonic generation response of KBe2BO3F2 is dominated by the ionically bonded metal-centered groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiyue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China. and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Myung-Hwan Whangbo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China. and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiquan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China. and Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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He W, Chen H, Ouyang H, Zhou J, Sui Y, Zhang C, Zheng X, Zhang R, Yuan X, Xu Z, Cheng X. Tunable anisotropic plasmon response of monolayer GeSe nanoribbon arrays. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16762-16769. [PMID: 32672317 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, emerging two-dimensional (2D) germanium selenide (GeSe) has drawn lots of attention due to its in-plane anisotropic properties and great potential for optoelectronic applications such as in solar cells. However, methods are still sought to enhance its interaction with light to enable practical applications. Herein, we numerically investigate the localized plasmon response of monolayer GeSe nanoribbon arrays systematically, and the results show that localized surface plasmon polaritons in the far-infrared range with anisotropic behavior can be efficiently excited to enhance the light-matter interaction. We further show that the plasmon response of monolayer GeSe nanoribbons could be tuned effectively through the nanoribbon width, local refractive index, substrate thickness and carrier concentration, pointing out the ways for controlling the localized plasmon response. In the case of monolayer GeSe nanoribbons on a substrate of finite thickness, a Fabry-Pérot-like (FP-like) quantitative model has been proposed to explain the overall spectral response originating from overlapped FP and plasmon modes, and it matches well with the simulation results. All in all, we investigate the plasmon response of the novel 2D GeSe nanoribbons thoroughly for the first time, bringing opportunities for potential applications of novel polarization-dependent optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao He
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China.
| | - Haitao Chen
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China.
| | - Hao Ouyang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China.
| | - Junhu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China.
| | - Yizhen Sui
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China.
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Sciences China, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Renyan Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaoming Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongjie Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang'ai Cheng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China.
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Higashitarumizu N, Kawamoto H, Lee CJ, Lin BH, Chu FH, Yonemori I, Nishimura T, Wakabayashi K, Chang WH, Nagashio K. Purely in-plane ferroelectricity in monolayer SnS at room temperature. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2428. [PMID: 32415121 PMCID: PMC7229038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
2D van der Waals ferroelectrics have emerged as an attractive building block with immense potential to provide multifunctionality in nanoelectronics. Although several accomplishments have been reported in ferroelectric switching for out-of-plane ferroelectrics down to the monolayer, a purely in-plane ferroelectric has not been experimentally validated at the monolayer thickness. Herein, an in-plane ferroelectricity is demonstrated for micrometer-size monolayer SnS at room temperature. SnS has been commonly regarded to exhibit the odd–even effect, where the centrosymmetry breaks only in the odd-number layers to exhibit ferroelectricity. Remarkably, however, a robust room temperature ferroelectricity exists in SnS below a critical thickness of 15 layers with both an odd and even number of layers, suggesting the possibility of controlling the stacking sequence of multilayer SnS beyond the limit of ferroelectricity in the monolayer. This work will pave the way for nanoscale ferroelectric applications based on SnS as a platform for in-plane ferroelectrics. Out-of-plane ferroelectricity is usually unstable in the two dimensional limit due to the presence of the depolarization field. Here, the authors successfully circumvent this issue by growing µm-sized SnS monolayers that exhibit in-plane ferroelectricity that is stable at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Higashitarumizu
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hayami Kawamoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chien-Ju Lee
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Lin
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsien Chu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Itsuki Yonemori
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nishimura
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Katsunori Wakabayashi
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Wen-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science (CEFMS), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kosuke Nagashio
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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43
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Shen Y, Guo Y, Wang Q. Large Out‐of‐Plane Second Harmonic Generation Susceptibility in Penta‐ZnS
2
Sheet. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Shen
- Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringHEDPSBKL‐MEMDCollege of EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yaguang Guo
- Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringHEDPSBKL‐MEMDCollege of EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringHEDPSBKL‐MEMDCollege of EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
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44
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Wei Y, Xu X, Wang S, Li W, Jiang Y. Second harmonic generation in Janus MoSSe a monolayer and stacked bulk with vertical asymmetry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21022-21029. [PMID: 31528892 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A recently synchronized Janus TMD material with broken out-of-plane symmetry offers a vertical dipole to enhance nonlinear optical behavior. Here, by comparing the second harmonic generation properties of MoS2 and MoSSe monolayers, we investigated the nonzero out-of-plane SHG susceptibilities of a Janus MoSSe 2D material. A three-fold enhancement of out-of-plane SHG susceptibilities exists in three stacked bulks of Janus MoSSe compared to that in the monolayer. A sensitivity to their stack pattern is also found. The broken out-of-plane symmetry, vertical dipole, and intrinsic tunable electronic properties of Janus two-dimensional materials make MoSSe a promising nanomaterial for nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wei
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Songsong Wang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yongyuan Jiang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China and Key Lab of Micro-Optics and Photonic Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, China
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45
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Wang H, Qian X. Ferroicity-driven nonlinear photocurrent switching in time-reversal invariant ferroic materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav9743. [PMID: 31453323 PMCID: PMC6697433 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical responses to external electromagnetic field, characterized by second- and higher-order susceptibilities, play crucial roles in nonlinear optics and optoelectronics. Here, we demonstrate the possibility to achieve ferroicity-driven nonlinear photocurrent switching in time-reversal invariant multiferroics. It is enabled by the second-order current response to electromagnetic field whose direction can be controlled by both internal ferroic orders and external light polarization. Second-order direct photocurrent consists of shift current and circular photocurrent under linearly and circularly polarized light irradiation, respectively. We elucidate the microscopic mechanism in a representative class of two-dimensional multiferroic materials using group theoretical analyses and first-principles theory. The complex interplay of symmetries, shift vector, and Berry curvature governs the fundamental properties and switching behavior of shift current and circular photocurrent. Ferroicity-driven nonlinear photocurrent switching will open avenues for realizing nonlinear optoelectronics, nonlinear multiferroics, etc., using the coupled ferroic orders and nonlinear responses of ferroic materials under external field.
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46
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Hu Z, Ding Y, Hu X, Zhou W, Yu X, Zhang S. Recent progress in 2D group IV-IV monochalcogenides: synthesis, properties and applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:252001. [PMID: 30776787 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab07d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coordination-related, 2D structural phase transitions are a fascinating facet of 2D materials with structural degeneracy. Phosphorene and its new phases, exhibiting unique electronic properties, have received considerable attention. The 2D group IV-IV monochalcogenides (i.e. GeS, GeSe, SnS and SnSe) like black phosphorous possess puckered layered orthorhombic structure. The 2D group IV-IV monochalcogenides with advantages of earth-abundance, less toxicity, environmental compatibility and chemical stability, can be widely used in optoelectronics, piezoelectrics, photodetectors, sensors, Li-batteries and thermoelectrics. In this review, we summarized recent research progress in theory and experiment, which studies the fundamental properties, applications and fabrication of 2D group IV-IV monochalcogenides and their new phases, and brings new perspectives and challenges for the future of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Hu
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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47
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Kushnir K, Qin Y, Shen Y, Li G, Fregoso BM, Tongay S, Titova LV. Ultrafast Zero-Bias Surface Photocurrent in Germanium Selenide: Promise for Terahertz Devices and Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5492-5498. [PMID: 30620173 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Theory predicts that a large spontaneous electric polarization and concomitant inversion symmetry breaking in GeSe monolayers result in a strong shift current in response to their excitation in the visible range. Shift current is a coherent displacement of electron density on the order of a lattice constant upon above-bandgap photoexcitation. A second-order nonlinear effect, it is forbidden by the inversion symmetry in the bulk GeSe crystals. Here, we use terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy to demonstrate that ultrafast photoexcitation with wavelengths straddling both edges of the visible spectrum, 400 and 800 nm, launches a shift current in the surface layer of a bulk GeSe crystal, where the inversion symmetry is broken. The direction of the surface shift current determined from the observed polarity of the emitted THz pulses depends only on the orientation of the sample and not on the linear polarization direction of the excitation. Strong absorption by the low-frequency infrared-active phonons in the bulk of GeSe limits the bandwidth and the amplitude of the emitted THz pulses. We predict that reducing GeSe thickness to a monolayer or a few layers will result in a highly efficient broadband THz emission. Experimental demonstration of THz emission by the surface shift current in bulk GeSe crystals puts this 2D material forward as a candidate for next-generation shift current photovoltaics, nonlinear photonic devices, and THz sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Kushnir
- Department of Physics , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester , Massachusetts 01609 , United States
| | - Ying Qin
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Yuxia Shen
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Guangjiang Li
- Department of Physics , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester , Massachusetts 01609 , United States
| | - Benjamin M Fregoso
- Department of Physics , Kent State University , Kent , Ohio 44242 , United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Lyubov V Titova
- Department of Physics , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester , Massachusetts 01609 , United States
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48
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Hu L, Yi W, Tang J, Rao T, Ma Z, Hu C, Zhang L, Li T. Planar graphitic ZnS, buckling ZnS monolayers and rolled-up nanotubes as nonlinear optical materials: first-principles simulation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25336-25344. [PMID: 35530066 PMCID: PMC9070014 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05419g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have an ability to generate new coherent light. At the present stage, three dimensional (3D) mid-infrared NLO materials suffer from various deficiencies such as low laser damage thresholds (LDTs) for AgGaQ2 (Q = S, Se); the band gaps of most intensively studied two-dimensional (2D) NLO materials are not wide enough to avoid two-photon absorption (TPA); a steady NLO property regardless of diameter and chirality is absent in one-dimensional (1D) single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). In this research, the electronic and second harmonic generation (SHG) properties of planar graphitic ZnS (g-ZnS) monolayer, buckling reconstructed ZnS (R-ZnS) monolayer which is synthesized in a recent experiment, and rolled-up SWNTs are investigated with first-principles simulations. Theoretical results suggest the SHG coefficients of planar g-ZnS, buckling R-ZnS and rolled-up SWNTs are comparable with that of AgGaS2 crystals. The band gaps of planar g-ZnS and ZnS SWNTs are ∼3.8 eV, and that of buckling R-ZnS is as wide as ∼4.0 eV, indicating high LDTs and reduced TPA as NLO materials. The TPA edges can be further blue shifted by using incident light beams with a polarized electric field perpendicular to buckling R-ZnS. On the other hand, the TPA edges of ZnS SWNTs are nearly not affected by diameter and chirality. The SHG coefficients of ZnS SWNTs are much less influenced by chirality and diameter than those of SiC, GeC and BN SWNTs. Therefore, they are superior ultrathin NLO materials, and especially have a potential application in the mid-infrared regime where high-quality NLO crystals are emergently needed. Contradictory large SHG coefficients and wide bandgaps are simultaneously discovered in planar graphitic ZnS, buckling ZnS monolayers and rolled-up nanotubes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Three Gorges University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Wencai Yi
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Jianting Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Three Gorges University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Tongde Rao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Three Gorges University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Zuju Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan
- China
| | - Chuanbo Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Three Gorges University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Three Gorges University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Tingzhen Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Three Gorges University
- Chongqing
- China
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49
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Autere A, Jussila H, Dai Y, Wang Y, Lipsanen H, Sun Z. Nonlinear Optics with 2D Layered Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705963. [PMID: 29575171 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
2D layered materials (2DLMs) are a subject of intense research for a wide variety of applications (e.g., electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics) due to their unique physical properties. Most recently, increasing research efforts on 2DLMs are projected toward the nonlinear optical properties of 2DLMs, which are not only fascinating from the fundamental science point of view but also intriguing for various potential applications. Here, the current state of the art in the field of nonlinear optics based on 2DLMs and their hybrid structures (e.g., mixed-dimensional heterostructures, plasmonic structures, and silicon/fiber integrated structures) is reviewed. Several potential perspectives and possible future research directions of these promising nanomaterials for nonlinear optics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Autere
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Henri Jussila
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Yunyun Dai
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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50
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Liu J, Pantelides ST. Mechanisms of Pyroelectricity in Three- and Two-Dimensional Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:207602. [PMID: 29864359 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.207602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyroelectricity is a very promising phenomenon in three- and two-dimensional materials, but first-principles calculations have not so far been used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Here we report density-functional theory (DFT) calculations based on the Born-Szigeti theory of pyroelectricity, by combining fundamental thermodynamics and the modern theory of polarization. We find satisfactory agreement with experimental data in the case of bulk benchmark materials, showing that the so-called electron-phonon renormalization, whose contribution has been traditionally viewed as negligible, is important. We predict out-of-plane pyroelectricity in the recently synthesized Janus MoSSe monolayer and in-plane pyroelectricity in the group-IV monochalcogenide GeS monolayer. It is notable that the so-called secondary pyroelectricity is found to be dominant in GeS monolayer. The present work opens a theoretical route to study the pyroelectric effect using DFT and provides a valuable tool in the search for new candidates for pyroelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Sokrates T Pantelides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenessee 37235, USA
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