1
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Marino E, LaCour RA, Kodger TE. Emergent Properties from Three-Dimensional Assemblies of (Nano)particles in Confined Spaces. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:6060-6080. [PMID: 39044735 PMCID: PMC11261636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.4c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The assembly of (nano)particles into compact hierarchical structures yields emergent properties not found in the individual constituents. The formation of these structures relies on a profound knowledge of the nanoscale interactions between (nano)particles, which are often designed by researchers aided by computational studies. These interactions have an effect when the (nano)particles are brought into close proximity, yet relying only on diffusion to reach these closer distances may be inefficient. Recently, physical confinement has emerged as an efficient methodology to increase the volume fraction of (nano)particles, rapidly accelerating the time scale of assembly. Specifically, the high surface area of droplets of one immiscible fluid into another facilitates the controlled removal of the dispersed phase, resulting in spherical, often ordered, (nano)particle assemblies. In this review, we discuss the design strategies, computational approaches, and assembly methods for (nano)particles in confined spaces and the emergent properties therein, such as trigger-directed assembly, lasing behavior, and structural photonic color. Finally, we provide a brief outlook on the current challenges, both experimental and computational, and farther afield application possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marino
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry, Università
degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - R. Allen LaCour
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas E. Kodger
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Othman DM, Weinstein J, Huang N, Ming W, Lyu Q, Hou B. Solution-processed colloidal quantum dots for internet of things. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10947-10974. [PMID: 38804109 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been a hot research topic ever since they were successfully fabricated in 1993 via the hot injection method. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023 was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots. The Internet of Things (IoT) has also attracted a lot of attention due to the technological advancements and digitalisation of the world. This review first aims to give the basics behind QD physics. After that, the history behind CQD synthesis and the different methods used to synthesize most widely researched CQD materials (CdSe, PbS and InP) are revisited. A brief introduction to what IoT is and how it works is also mentioned. Then, the most widely researched CQD devices that can be used for the main IoT components are reviewed, where the history, physics, the figures of merit (FoMs) and the state-of-the-art are discussed. Finally, the challenges and different methods for integrating CQDs into IoT devices are discussed, mentioning the future possibilities that await CQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyar Mousa Othman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Julia Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Wenlong Ming
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Quan Lyu
- Cambridge Research Centre, Huawei Technologies Research & Development (UK) Ltd, Cambridge, CB4 0FY, UK.
| | - Bo Hou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
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3
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Huang J, Hu S, Kos D, Xiong Y, Jakob LA, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Guo C, Liz-Marzán LM, Baumberg JJ. Enhanced Photocurrent and Electrically Pumped Quantum Dot Emission from Single Plasmonic Nanoantennas. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3323-3330. [PMID: 38215048 PMCID: PMC10832344 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Integrating cavity-enhanced colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into photonic chip devices would be transformative for advancing room-temperature optoelectronic and quantum photonic technologies. However, issues with efficiency, stability, and cost remain formidable challenges to reach the single antenna limit. Here, we present a bottom-up approach that delivers single QD-plasmonic nanoantennas with electrical addressability. These QD nanojunctions exhibit robust photoresponse characteristics, with plasmonically enhanced photocurrent spectra matching the QD solution absorption. We demonstrate electroluminescence from individual plasmonic nanoantennas, extending the device lifetime beyond 40 min by utilizing a 3 nm electron-blocking polymer layer. In addition, we reveal a giant voltage-dependent redshift of up to 62 meV due to the quantum-confined Stark effect and determine the exciton polarizability of the CdSe QD monolayer to be 4 × 10-5 meV/(kV/cm)2. These developments provide a foundation for accessing scalable quantum light sources and high-speed, tunable optoelectronic systems operating under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Huang
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Shu Hu
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Dean Kos
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Yuling Xiong
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Lukas A. Jakob
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Ana Sánchez-Iglesias
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Chenyang Guo
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 43009, Spain
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
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4
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Alves PU, Guilhabert BJE, McPhillimy JR, Jevtics D, Strain MJ, Hejda M, Cameron D, Edwards PR, Martin RW, Dawson MD, Laurand N. Waveguide-Integrated Colloidal Nanocrystal Supraparticle Lasers. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:1836-1846. [PMID: 38037651 PMCID: PMC10683367 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Supraparticle (SP) microlasers fabricated by the self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals have great potential as coherent optical sources for integrated photonics. However, their deterministic placement for integration with other photonic elements remains an unsolved challenge. In this work, we demonstrate the manipulation and printing of individual SP microlasers, laying the foundation for their use in more complex photonic integrated circuits. We fabricate CdSxSe1-x/ZnS colloidal quantum dot (CQD) SPs with diameters from 4 to 20 μm and Q-factors of approximately 300 via an oil-in-water self-assembly process. Under a subnanosecond-pulse optical excitation at 532 nm, the laser threshold is reached at an average number of excitons per CQD of 2.6, with modes oscillating between 625 and 655 nm. Microtransfer printing is used to pick up individual CQD SPs from an initial substrate and move them to a different one without affecting their capability for lasing. As a proof of concept, a CQD SP is printed on the side of an SU-8 waveguide, and its modes are successfully coupled to the waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Urbano Alves
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, SUPA, Technology and Innovation
Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Benoit J. E. Guilhabert
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, SUPA, Technology and Innovation
Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - John R. McPhillimy
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, SUPA, Technology and Innovation
Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Dimitars Jevtics
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, SUPA, Technology and Innovation
Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Strain
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, SUPA, Technology and Innovation
Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Matěj Hejda
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, SUPA, Technology and Innovation
Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Douglas Cameron
- Department
of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K.
| | - Paul R. Edwards
- Department
of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K.
| | - Robert W. Martin
- Department
of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K.
| | - Martin D. Dawson
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, SUPA, Technology and Innovation
Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Nicolas Laurand
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, SUPA, Technology and Innovation
Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
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5
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Qiu G, Wei D, Liu Z, Liu J. Enhancement of spontaneous emission from CdSe/ZnS quantum dots through silicon nitride photonic crystal cavity based on miniaturized bound states in the continuum. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3757-3763. [PMID: 36787155 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) exhibit excellent optical properties for wide potential applications in light-emitting diodes, solar concentrators, and single-photon sources. However, the ultra-thin films with low concentration of QDs still encounter inefficient photoluminescence (PL) and poor directionality of radiation, which need to be enhanced using nanophotonics device designs. Here we design and experimentally demonstrate an on-substrate silicon nitride (SiN) photonic crystal (PhC) microcavity encapsulated by a layer of PMMA hosting CdSe/ZnS QDs. The miniaturized bound states in the continuum (BIC) supported by our structures, provide high-Q resonant modes with highly-directional emission patterns. Experimental results show that the BIC mode in the microcavity has a Q-factor up to 7000 owing to the symmetric refractive index distribution along the Z-direction, rendering 8.5-fold enhancement of PL intensity and 8.4-fold acceleration of radiative emission rate. Our work provides a practical way for constructing efficient on-chip surface-emitting light sources on silicon-based integrated photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dunzhao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhuojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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6
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Neuhaus SJ, Marino E, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Frequency Stabilization and Optically Tunable Lasing in Colloidal Quantum Dot Superparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:645-651. [PMID: 36602545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled superparticles composed of colloidal quantum dots establish microsphere cavities that support optically pumped lasing from whispering gallery modes. Here, we report on the time- and excitation fluence-dependent lasing properties of CdSe/CdS quantum dot superparticles. Spectra collected under constant photoexcitation reveal that the lasing modes are not temporally stable but instead blue-shift by more than 30 meV over 15 min. To counter this effect, we establish a high-fluence light-soaking protocol that reduces this blue-shift by more than an order of magnitude to 1.7 ± 0.5 meV, with champion superparticles displaying mode blue-shifts of <0.5 meV. Increasing the pump fluence allows for optically controlled, reversible, color-tunable red-to-green lasing. Combining these two paradigms suggests that quantum dot superparticles could serve in applications as low-cost, robust, solution-processable, tunable microlasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Neuhaus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123Palermo, Italy
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and System Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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7
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Marino E, Bharti H, Xu J, Kagan CR, Murray CB. Nanocrystal Superparticles with Whispering-Gallery Modes Tunable through Chemical and Optical Triggers. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4765-4773. [PMID: 35649039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery microresonators have the potential to become the building blocks for optical circuits. However, encoding information in an optical signal requires on-demand tuning of optical resonances. Tuning is achieved by modifying the cavity length or the refractive index of the microresonator. Due to their solid, nondeformable structure, conventional microresonators based on bulk materials are inherently difficult to tune. In this work, we fabricate irreversibly tunable optical microresonators by using semiconductor nanocrystals. These nanocrystals are first assembled into colloidal spherical superparticles featuring whispering-gallery modes. Exposing the superparticles to shorter ligands changes the nanocrystal surface chemistry, decreasing the cavity length of the microresonator by 20% and increasing the refractive index by 8.2%. Illuminating the superparticles with ultraviolet light initiates nanocrystal photo-oxidation, providing an orthogonal channel to decrease the refractive index of the microresonator in a continuous fashion. Through these approaches, we demonstrate optical microresonators tunable by several times their free spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Harshit Bharti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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De Leo E, Rossinelli AA, Marqués-Gallego P, Poulikakos LV, Norris DJ, Prins F. Polarization-based colour tuning of mixed colloidal quantum-dot thin films using direct patterning. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4929-4934. [PMID: 35316316 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07136j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum-dots (cQDs) are finding increasingly widespread application in photonics and optoelectronics, providing high brightness and record-wide colour gamuts. However, the external quantum efficiencies in thin-film device architectures are still limited due to losses into waveguide modes and different strategies are being explored to promote the outcoupling of emission. Here we use a template-stripping-based direct-patterning strategy to fabricate linear gratings at the surface of cQD thin films. The linear gratings enhance optical outcoupling through Bragg scattering, yielding bright emission with a strong degree of linear polarization. By patterning linear gratings with different periodicities and orientations onto a film of mixed-colour cQDs, we demonstrate polarization-based active colour tuning of the thin-film emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva De Leo
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Aurelio A Rossinelli
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Marqués-Gallego
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Lisa V Poulikakos
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Ferry Prins
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomas y Valiente 6, Madrid 29049, Spain
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9
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Keitel RC, le Feber B, Dettlaff KM, Brechbühler R, De Leo E, Rojo H, Norris DJ. Single-Pulse Measurement of Orbital Angular Momentum Generated by Microring Lasers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19185-19193. [PMID: 34780165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical beams with helical phase fronts carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). To exploit this property in integrated photonics, micrometer-scale devices that generate beams with well-defined OAM are needed. Consequently, lasers based on microring resonators decorated with azimuthal grating elements have been investigated. However, future development of such devices requires better methods to determine their OAM, as current approaches are challenging to implement and interpret. If a simple and more sensitive technique were available, OAM microring lasers could be better understood and further improved. In particular, despite most devices being pulsed, their OAM output has been assumed to be constant. OAM fluctuations, which are detrimental for applications, need to be quantified. Here, we fabricate quantum-dot microring lasers and demonstrate a simple measurement method that can straightforwardly determine the magnitude and sign of the OAM down to the level of individual laser pulses. We exploit a Fourier microscope with a cylindrical lens and then investigate three types of microring lasers: with circular symmetry, with "blazed" grating elements, and with unidirectional rotational modes. Our results confirm that previous measurement techniques obscured key details about the OAM generation. For example, while time-averaged OAM from our unidirectional laser is very similar to our blazed grating device, single-pulse measurements show that detrimental effects of mode competition are almost entirely suppressed in the former. Nevertheless, even in this case, the OAM output exhibits shot-to-shot fluctuations. Thus, our approach reveals important details in the underlying device operation that can aid in the improvement of micrometer-scale sources with pure OAM output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Keitel
- Optical Materials Engineering Lab, Dept. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris le Feber
- Optical Materials Engineering Lab, Dept. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Krispin M Dettlaff
- Optical Materials Engineering Lab, Dept. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Brechbühler
- Optical Materials Engineering Lab, Dept. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva De Leo
- Optical Materials Engineering Lab, Dept. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henar Rojo
- Optical Materials Engineering Lab, Dept. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Lab, Dept. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Yang X, Wen L, Yan J, Bao Y, Chen Q, Camposeo A, Pisignano D, Li B. Energy Dissipation and Asymmetric Excitation in Hybrid Waveguides for Routing and Coloring. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7034-7040. [PMID: 34286984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of optical signals from an external light source to a nanoscale waveguide is highly important for the development of nanophotonic circuits. However, the efficient coupling of external light energy into nanophotonic components is difficult and still remains a challenge. Herein, we use an external silica nanofiber to light up an organic-inorganic hybrid nanowaveguide, namely, a system composed of a polymer filament doped with MoS2 quantum dots. Nanofiber-excited nanowaveguides in a crossed geometry are found to asymmetrically couple excitation signals along two opposite directions, with different energy dissipation resulting in different colors of the light emitted by MoS2 quantum dots and collected from the waveguide terminals. Interestingly, rainbow-like light in the hybrid waveguide is achieved by three-in-one mixing of red, green, and blue components. This heterodimensional system of dots in waveguide represents a significant advance toward all-optical routing and full-color display in integrated nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguang Yang
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Long Wen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jiahao Yan
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yanjun Bao
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Andrea Camposeo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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11
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Gheshlaghi N, Foroutan-Barenji S, Erdem O, Altintas Y, Shabani F, Humayun MH, Demir HV. Self-Resonant Microlasers of Colloidal Quantum Wells Constructed by Direct Deep Patterning. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4598-4605. [PMID: 34028277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, the first account of self-resonant fully colloidal μ-lasers made from colloidal quantum well (CQW) solution is reported. A deep patterning technique is developed to fabricate well-defined high aspect-ratio on-chip CQW resonators made of grating waveguides and in-plane reflectors. The fabricated waveguide-coupled laser, enabling tight optical confinement, assures in-plane lasing. CQWs of the patterned layers are closed-packed with sharp edges and residual-free lifted-off surfaces. Additionally, the method is successfully applied to various nanoparticles including colloidal quantum dots and metal nanoparticles. It is observed that the patterning process does not affect the nanocrystals (NCs) immobilized in the attained patterns and the different physical and chemical properties of the NCs remain pristine. Thanks to the deep patterning capability of the proposed method, patterns of NCs with subwavelength lateral feature sizes and micron-scale heights can possibly be fabricated in high aspect ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Gheshlaghi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Sina Foroutan-Barenji
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Onur Erdem
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yemliha Altintas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
| | - Farzan Shabani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Hamza Humayun
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, Centre of Optical Fiber Technology, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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12
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Geuchies JJ, Brynjarsson B, Grimaldi G, Gudjonsdottir S, van der Stam W, Evers WH, Houtepen AJ. Quantitative Electrochemical Control over Optical Gain in Quantum-Dot Solids. ACS NANO 2021; 15:377-386. [PMID: 33171052 PMCID: PMC7844817 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed quantum dot (QD) lasers are one of the holy grails of nanoscience. They are not yet commercialized because the lasing threshold is too high: one needs >1 exciton per QD, which is difficult to achieve because of fast nonradiative Auger recombination. The threshold can, however, be reduced by electronic doping of the QDs, which decreases the absorption near the band-edge, such that the stimulated emission (SE) can easily outcompete absorption. Here, we show that by electrochemically doping films of CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs, we achieve quantitative control over the gain threshold. We obtain stable and reversible doping of more than two electrons per QD. We quantify the gain threshold and the charge carrier dynamics using ultrafast spectroelectrochemistry and achieve quantitative agreement between experiments and theory, including a vanishingly low gain threshold for doubly doped QDs. Over a range of wavelengths with appreciable gain coefficients, the gain thresholds reach record-low values of ∼1 × 10-5 excitons per QD. These results demonstrate a high level of control over the gain threshold in doped QD solids, opening a new route for the creation of cheap, solution-processable, low-threshold QD lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaco J. Geuchies
- Optoelectronic Materials
Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HAZ, The Netherlands
| | - Baldur Brynjarsson
- Optoelectronic Materials
Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HAZ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Solrun Gudjonsdottir
- Optoelectronic Materials
Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HAZ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wiel H. Evers
- Optoelectronic Materials
Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HAZ, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic Materials
Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HAZ, The Netherlands
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13
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Marino E, Sciortino A, Berkhout A, MacArthur KE, Heggen M, Gregorkiewicz T, Kodger TE, Capretti A, Murray CB, Koenderink AF, Messina F, Schall P. Simultaneous Photonic and Excitonic Coupling in Spherical Quantum Dot Supercrystals. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13806-13815. [PMID: 32924433 PMCID: PMC7596773 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), simultaneously benefit from inexpensive low-temperature solution processing and exciting photophysics, making them the ideal candidates for next-generation solar cells and photodetectors. While the working principles of these devices rely on light absorption, QDs intrinsically belong to the Rayleigh regime and display optical behavior limited to electric dipole resonances, resulting in low absorption efficiencies. Increasing the absorption efficiency of QDs, together with their electronic and excitonic coupling to enhance charge carrier mobility, is therefore of critical importance to enable practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a general and scalable approach to increase both light absorption and excitonic coupling of QDs by fabricating hierarchical metamaterials. We assemble QDs into crystalline supraparticles using an emulsion template and demonstrate that these colloidal supercrystals (SCs) exhibit extended resonant optical behavior resulting in an enhancement in absorption efficiency in the visible range of more than 2 orders of magnitude with respect to the case of dispersed QDs. This successful light trapping strategy is complemented by the enhanced excitonic coupling observed in ligand-exchanged SCs, experimentally demonstrated through ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and leading to the formation of a free biexciton system on sub-picosecond time scales. These results introduce a colloidal metamaterial designed by self-assembly from the bottom up, simultaneously featuring a combination of nanoscale and mesoscale properties leading to simultaneous photonic and excitonic coupling, therefore presenting the nanocrystal analogue of supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marino
- Van
der Waals−Zeeman Institute, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alice Sciortino
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica−Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annemarie Berkhout
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine E. MacArthur
- Ernst
Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter
Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst
Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter
Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tom Gregorkiewicz
- Van
der Waals−Zeeman Institute, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas E. Kodger
- Van
der Waals−Zeeman Institute, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Capretti
- Van
der Waals−Zeeman Institute, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, 220
S 33rd St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - A. Femius Koenderink
- Van
der Waals−Zeeman Institute, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica−Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Schall
- Van
der Waals−Zeeman Institute, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Liu BT, Wang XY, Chen YW, Pan WC. Deposit patterns of silver nanowire solution with the solvent consisting of ethylene glycol and glycerol: Formation of triple conductive lines. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Guo J, Jian J, Wang D, Zhang X. Controlling amplified spontaneous emission of quantum dots by polymerized nanostructure interfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4385-4388. [PMID: 32796964 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a new polymer/colloidal-quantum-dot (CQD) film with a nanostructured interface, which is fabricated through a template-assisted photopolymerization method, toward the use of amplified spontaneous emission. It is experimentally demonstrated that the amplified spontaneous emission of CQDs is able to be manipulated by changing the nanostructured polymeric interface with a weak scattering ability. The dependences of emission wavelength and threshold on the size of the nanostructure and CQD layer thickness are investigated.
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16
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Liu H, Rong K, Li Z, Chen J. Experimental demonstration of nanophotonic devices and circuits with colloidal quantum dot waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:23091-23104. [PMID: 32752310 DOI: 10.1364/oe.395088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been widely used as absorption or emission materials due to their large-absorption and high-gain properties. However, they are seldom used as low-loss materials in passive nanophotonic devices. Moreover, combinations of two or more properties of CQDs are difficult owing to miscibility of different CQDs. Here, low-loss CQD waveguides are experimentally achieved at wavelengths longer than their fluorescence wavelengths. By using the low-loss and uniform CQD waveguides, various passive nanophotonic devices and a nanophotonic circuit are successfully demonstrated. Furthermore, by employing both of a pattern-assisted stacking and a transfer-printing approach, the miscible problem of different CQDs is addressed, and a low-loss CQD waveguide and a high-gain CQD laser are experimentally integrated on a single chip.
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17
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Gao Z, Wang K, Yan Y, Yao J, Zhao YS. Smart responsive organic microlasers with multiple emission states for high-security optical encryption. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa162. [PMID: 34691572 PMCID: PMC8288339 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern high-security cryptography and optical communication call for covert bit sequences with high coding capacity and efficient authentication. Stimuli-responsive lasing emissions with easily distinguishable readout are promising in the coding field as a novel cryptographic primitive, while the application is frequently restricted by the limited number of emission states. Here, we report a strategy of achieving multiple competitive lasing signals in responsive organic microspheres where a donor–acceptor pair was introduced. The competitive lasing from the donor and acceptor was reversibly switched by modulating the competition between the radiative rate of the donor and the rate of energy transfer, and the generated multiple lasing signals enabled a quaternary coding for recognizable cryptographic implementation. Data encryption and extraction were demonstrated using a 4 × 4 microlaser array, showing vast prospects in avoiding the disclosure of security information. The results offer a comprehensive understanding of excited-state dynamics in organic composite materials, which may play a major role in high-security optical recording and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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18
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Holzinger R, Plankensteiner D, Ostermann L, Ritsch H. Nanoscale Coherent Light Source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:253603. [PMID: 32639783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.253603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A laser is composed of an optical resonator and a gain medium. When stimulated emission dominates mirror losses, the emitted light becomes coherent. We propose a new class of coherent light sources based on wavelength sized regular structures of quantum emitters whose eigenmodes form high-Q resonators. Incoherent pumping of few atoms induces light emission with spatial and temporal coherence. We show that an atomic nanoring with a single gain atom at the center behaves like a thresholdless laser, featuring a narrow linewidth. Symmetric subradiant excitations provide optimal operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Holzinger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Plankensteiner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laurin Ostermann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Winkler JM, Ruckriegel MJ, Rojo H, Keitel RC, De Leo E, Rabouw FT, Norris DJ. Dual-Wavelength Lasing in Quantum-Dot Plasmonic Lattice Lasers. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5223-5232. [PMID: 32159334 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of metallic particles patterned on a substrate have emerged as a promising design for on-chip plasmonic lasers. In past examples of such devices, the periodic particles provided feedback at a single resonance wavelength, and organic dye molecules were used as the gain material. Here, we introduce a flexible template-based fabrication method that allows a broader design space for Ag particle-array lasers. Instead of dye molecules, we integrate colloidal quantum dots (QDs), which offer better photostability and wavelength tunability. Our fabrication approach also allows us to easily adjust the refractive index of the substrate and the QD-film thickness. Exploiting these capabilities, we demonstrate not only single-wavelength lasing but dual-wavelength lasing via two distinct strategies. First, by using particle arrays with rectangular lattice symmetries, we obtain feedback from two orthogonal directions. The two output wavelengths from this laser can be selected individually using a linear polarizer. Second, by adjusting the QD-film thickness, we use higher-order transverse waveguide modes in the QD film to obtain dual-wavelength lasing at normal and off-normal angles from a symmetric square array. We thus show that our approach offers various design possibilities to tune the laser output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Winkler
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max J Ruckriegel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henar Rojo
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert C Keitel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva De Leo
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Yu J, Sharma M, Sharma A, Delikanli S, Volkan Demir H, Dang C. All-optical control of exciton flow in a colloidal quantum well complex. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:27. [PMID: 32140218 PMCID: PMC7046609 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Excitonics, an alternative to romising for processing information since semiconductor electronics is rapidly approaching the end of Moore's law. Currently, the development of excitonic devices, where exciton flow is controlled, is mainly focused on electric-field modulation or exciton polaritons in high-Q cavities. Here, we show an all-optical strategy to manipulate the exciton flow in a binary colloidal quantum well complex through mediation of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) by stimulated emission. In the spontaneous emission regime, FRET naturally occurs between a donor and an acceptor. In contrast, upon stronger excitation, the ultrafast consumption of excitons by stimulated emission effectively engineers the excitonic flow from the donors to the acceptors. Specifically, the acceptors' stimulated emission significantly accelerates the exciton flow, while the donors' stimulated emission almost stops this process. On this basis, a FRET-coupled rate equation model is derived to understand the controllable exciton flow using the density of the excited donors and the unexcited acceptors. The results will provide an effective all-optical route for realizing excitonic devices under room temperature operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Yu
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Sharma
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ashma Sharma
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Savas Delikanli
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara Turkey
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cuong Dang
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- CINTRA UMI CNRS/NTU/THALES 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, 637553 Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Wang X, Liu Z, Gao P, Li Y, Qu X. Surface functionalized quantum dots as biosensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of ppb level of propafenone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117709. [PMID: 31699588 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monodispersed CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by using thioglycolic acid as surfactants in aqueous solution. The thioglycolic acid was chemically adsorbed on the surface of CdTe QDs that enables the QDs positively charged. In week acidic media, propafenone is positively charged, which can combine with the CdTe QDs to form larger ion-association complex via electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond. Moreover, the formed ion-association complex could increase the intensity of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), second-order scattering (SOS) and frequency doubling-scattering (FDS) of CdTe QDs, and quench the CdTe QDs fluorescence. Importantly, under optimal experimental conditions, the increased RRS, SOS and FDS intensity, and quenched fluorescence intensity of CdTe QDs were in direct proportion to the propafenone concentration in a certain range, respectively. Among them, the RRS method exhibited the highest sensitivity. In a wide concentration range of propafenone from 0.003 to 7.0 μg mL-1, the detection limit could reach 0.96 ng mL-1, which was much lower than previously reported methods. To simulate practical applications, the possible foreign interfering substances were also investigated, such as common ions, amino acid, and glucide. The proposed method here is rapid, sensitive and shows promising application for detection of ppb level of propafenone in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Baiyin Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Chengxin Road No.2, Baiyin, Gansu Province, 730900, China
| | - Zhengqing Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Jointly with College of Science, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Instrument Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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22
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Guan J, Sagar LK, Li R, Wang D, Bappi G, Watkins NE, Bourgeois MR, Levina L, Fan F, Hoogland S, Voznyy O, Martins de Pina J, Schaller RD, Schatz GC, Sargent EH, Odom TW. Engineering Directionality in Quantum Dot Shell Lasing Using Plasmonic Lattices. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1468-1474. [PMID: 32004007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report how the direction of quantum dot (QD) lasing can be engineered by exploiting high-symmetry points in plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) lattices. The nanolaser architecture consists of CdSe-CdS core-shell QD layers conformally coated on two-dimensional square arrays of Ag NPs. Using waveguide-surface lattice resonances (W-SLRs) near the Δ point in the Brillouin zone as optical feedback, we achieved lasing from the gain in CdS shells at off-normal emission angles. Changing the periodicity of the plasmonic lattices enables other high-symmetry points (Γ or M) of the lattice to overlap with the QD shell emission, which facilitates tuning of the lasing direction. We also increased the thickness of the QD layer to introduce higher-order W-SLR modes with additional avoided crossings in the band structure, which expands the selection of cavity modes for any desired lasing emission angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guan
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Laxmi Kishore Sagar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Danqing Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Golam Bappi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Nicolas E Watkins
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Larissa Levina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Fengjia Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Joao Martins de Pina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Teri W Odom
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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23
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Roh J, Park YS, Lim J, Klimov VI. Optically pumped colloidal-quantum-dot lasing in LED-like devices with an integrated optical cavity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:271. [PMID: 31937771 PMCID: PMC6959307 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Realization of electrically pumped lasing with solution processable materials will have a revolutionary impact on many disciplines including photonics, chemical sensing, and medical diagnostics. Due to readily tunable, size-controlled emission wavelengths, colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are attractive materials for attaining this goal. Here we use specially engineered QDs to demonstrate devices that operate as both a light emitting diode (LED) and an optically pumped laser. These structures feature a distributed feedback resonator integrated into a bottom LED electrode. By carefully engineering a refractive-index profile across the device, we are able to obtain good confinement of a waveguided mode within the QD medium, which allows for demonstrating low-threshold lasing even with an ultrathin (about three QD monolayers) active layer. These devices also exhibit strong electroluminescence (EL) under electrical pumping. The conducted studies suggest that the demonstrated dual-function (lasing/EL) structures represent a promising device platform for realizing colloidal QD laser diodes. Solution processable, electrically pumped lasers are a sought-after technology for many applications. Here the authors present dual-function devices based on colloidal quantum dots that behave as both electroluminescence structures and optically pumped lasers as a potential platform for electrically pumped quantum dot lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongkyun Roh
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Centre for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jaehoon Lim
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy System Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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24
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Lv Y, Xiong Z, Yao Z, Yang Y, Xiang S, Zhang Z, Zhao YS. Steric-Hindrance-Controlled Laser Switch Based on Pure Metal–Organic Framework Microcrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19959-19963. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Lv
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhile Xiong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zizhu Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yisi Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shengchang Xiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhangjing Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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25
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van der Stam W, Grimaldi G, Geuchies JJ, Gudjonsdottir S, van Uffelen PT, van Overeem M, Brynjarsson B, Kirkwood N, Houtepen AJ. Electrochemical Modulation of the Photophysics of Surface-Localized Trap States in Core/Shell/(Shell) Quantum Dot Films. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:8484-8493. [PMID: 31666761 PMCID: PMC6814269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we systematically study the spectroelectrochemical response of CdSe quantum dots (QDs), CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs with varying CdS shell thicknesses, and CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs in order to elucidate the influence of localized surface trap states on the optoelectronic properties. By correlating the differential absorbance and the photoluminescence upon electrochemically raising the Fermi level, we reveal that trap states near the conduction band (CB) edge give rise to nonradiative recombination pathways regardless of the CdS shell thickness, evidenced by quenching of the photoluminescence before the CB edge is populated with electrons. This points in the direction of shallow trap states localized on the CdS shell surface that give rise to nonradiative recombination pathways. We suggest that these shallow trap states reduce the quantum yield because of enhanced hole trapping when the Fermi level is raised electrochemically. We show that these shallow trap states are removed when additional wide band gap ZnS shells are grown around the CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs.
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26
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Rong K, Liu H, Shi K, Chen J. Pattern-assisted stacking colloidal quantum dots for photonic integrated circuits. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13885-13893. [PMID: 31304499 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01682a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In photonic integrated circuits (PICs), on-chip light sources and other photonic devices are usually made of different materials. The complexity and compatibility brought about by different materials and various structures in a single chip considerably increase the fabrication and integration difficulties. Here, we propose to stack the same nanoscale building blocks [colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with both large gains and high refractive indices] in predefined trench patterns to address the fabrication and integration problems of PICs. By employing this simple approach of using the same material (CdSe/ZnS CQDs), the on-chip integration of more than 10 CQD-based photonic components (including the laser, low-noise amplifier, bending waveguide, Y-splitter, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and grating) is experimentally demonstrated. In particular, the integrated low-noise amplifier (net gain coefficient >600 cm-1) addresses the absorption loss problem brought about by the utilization of the same material. Moreover, the little influence of the CQD layer on the CQD nanophotonic components facilitates the fabrication and is beneficial for large-scale integration. This simple fabrication approach with a flexible integration strategy may provide a possible platform to construct functional PICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexiu Rong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kebin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education (NFC-MOE) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education (NFC-MOE) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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27
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Anni M. Polymer-II-VI Nanocrystals Blends: Basic Physics and Device Applications to Lasers and LEDs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1036. [PMID: 31331048 PMCID: PMC6669662 DOI: 10.3390/nano9071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid thin films that combine organic conjugated molecules and semiconductors nanocrystals (NCs) have been deeply investigated in the previous years, due to their capability to provide an extremely broad tuning of their electronic and optical properties. In this paper we review the main aspects of the basic physics of the organic-inorganic interaction and the actual state of the art of lasers and light emitting diodes based on hybrid active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Anni
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Wan L, Chen C, Zhu J, Nasir KTA, Cui Q, Chen Z, Yoshioka H, Liu W, Oki Y, Li Z. Changes in optical characteristics induced by polymer blending in printed colloidal quantum dots microlasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19615-19623. [PMID: 31503718 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
On-chip microlasers are desirable to meet the different control requirements and unique demands in different application scenarios. In this work, we obtained the on-chip microlaser by printing pixelated CdSe/ZnS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), incorporating the quantum dot self-assembly mechanism and the external cavity-free configuration. The spectral purity of the microlaser can be significantly improved by slightly blending polymer into the CQD matrix. The quasitoroid profile was gradually changed to microdisks as the polystyrene (PS) concentration increased from 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%. Specially, when the PS solution varied from 0 wt.% to 1 wt.%, the lasing threshold of 1.4 μJ/mm2 was increased up to 14 μJ/mm2, meanwhile the emission wavelength range showed a 25 nm blue-shift approximately. The easy printing technologies and the low-cost polymer blending method employed in the obtained microlasers will further facilitate the development of printing photonics and electronics, especially in the high-performance microlaser displays and high-precision sensors.
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29
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Weng Y, Chen G, Zhou X, Yan Q, Guo T, Zhang Y. Design and fabrication of bi-functional TiO 2/Al 2O 3 nanolaminates with selected light extraction and reliable moisture vapor barrier performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:085702. [PMID: 30523924 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf4e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bi-functional thin film with both selected light extraction and reliable moisture vapor barrier was proposed for simultaneous light management and encapsulation in the fields of lighting and display. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was employed to obtain TiO2 and Al2O3 films with high uniformity, forming distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure. The DBRs exhibited excellent and tunable optical properties, as well as reliable moisture barrier performance. With increasing the DBR layers, the transmittances decreased obviously. The transmittance in the blue light region was as low as 0.66% for DBR with 6.5 pairs and the water vapor transmission rates value was 3.06 × 10-5 g m-2 d-1 for DBR with 4.5 pairs. These DBRs were integrated in the red quantum dot (QD) based color converters excited by blue LED, enabling an obvious increase in red emission and a strong decrease in blue light transmittance. Furthermore, these DBRs can prolong the lifetime of QDs evidently by isolating the QDs from the moisture (oxygen) vapor. These results highlight the potentials for the exploitation of DBRs fabricated using ALD in the application of lighting and display devices based on QD photoluminescence and electroluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalian Weng
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
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30
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Chen C, Yuan J, Wan L, Chandrahalim H, Chen Z, Nishimura N, Takeda H, Yoshioka H, Liu W, Oki Y, Fan X, Li Z. Demonstration of on-chip quantum dot microcavity lasers in a molecularly engineered annular groove. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:495-498. [PMID: 30702662 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The on-chip quantum dot (QD) microcavity laser engineered on an annular groove made of fused silica was demonstrated based on the external quasi-cavity configuration. By incorporating an appropriate dose of polymer into QD film, the spectral purity of the lasing spectrum was significantly enhanced. In contrast to the dye microcavity laser embedded on the same trench profile, a QD laser possesses a lifetime that is over 10 times longer. We have introduced a unique two-step quantum gain deposition process that has remarkably reduced the wavelength drifts of laser emissions in an aqueous environment by approximately 400%. The reconfigurable cavity platform in combination with an appropriately engineered quantum gain medium embedded onto it promises to enable photostable chip-scale coherent light sources for various photonic, chemical, and biochemical sensing applications.
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31
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Exhibition of Förster resonance energy transfer from CdSe/ZnS quantum dots to zinc porphyrazine studied in solution. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Montanarella F, Urbonas D, Chadwick L, Moerman PG, Baesjou PJ, Mahrt RF, van Blaaderen A, Stöferle T, Vanmaekelbergh D. Lasing Supraparticles Self-Assembled from Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12788-12794. [PMID: 30540430 PMCID: PMC6307080 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the most attractive commercial applications of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) is their use in lasers. Thanks to their high quantum yield, tunable optical properties, photostability, and wet-chemical processability, NCs have arisen as promising gain materials. Most of these applications, however, rely on incorporation of NCs in lasing cavities separately produced using sophisticated fabrication methods and often difficult to manipulate. Here, we present whispering gallery mode lasing in supraparticles (SPs) of self-assembled NCs. The SPs composed of NCs act as both lasing medium and cavity. Moreover, the synthesis of the SPs, based on an in-flow microfluidic device, allows precise control of the dimensions of the SPs, i.e. the size of the cavity, in the micrometer range with polydispersity as low as several percent. The SPs presented here show whispering gallery mode resonances with quality factors up to 320. Whispering gallery mode lasing is evidenced by a clear threshold behavior, coherent emission, and emission lifetime shortening due to the stimulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Montanarella
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces and Soft Condensed Matter groups, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Darius Urbonas
- IBM
Research − Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Luke Chadwick
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces and Soft Condensed Matter groups, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pepijn G. Moerman
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces and Soft Condensed Matter groups, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick J. Baesjou
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces and Soft Condensed Matter groups, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer F. Mahrt
- IBM
Research − Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces and Soft Condensed Matter groups, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM
Research − Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- E-mail:
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces and Soft Condensed Matter groups, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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33
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Chen Y, Ryou A, Friedfeld MR, Fryett T, Whitehead J, Cossairt BM, Majumdar A. Deterministic Positioning of Colloidal Quantum Dots on Silicon Nitride Nanobeam Cavities. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6404-6410. [PMID: 30251868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Engineering an array of precisely located cavity-coupled active media poses a major experimental challenge in the field of hybrid integrated photonics. We deterministically position solution-processed colloidal quantum dots (QDs) on high quality (Q)-factor silicon nitride nanobeam cavities and demonstrate light-matter coupling. By lithographically defining a window on top of an encapsulated cavity that is cladded in a polymer resist, and spin coating the QD solution, we can precisely control the placement of the QDs, which subsequently couple to the cavity. We show rudimentary control of the number of QDs coupled to the cavity by modifying the size of the window. Furthermore, we demonstrate Purcell enhancement and saturable photoluminescence in this QD-cavity platform. Finally, we deterministically position QDs on a photonic molecule and observe QD-coupled cavity supermodes. Our results pave the way for precisely controlling the number of QDs coupled to a cavity by engineering the window size, the QD dimension, and the solution chemistry and will allow advanced studies in cavity enhanced single photon emission, ultralow power nonlinear optics, and quantum many-body simulations with interacting photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Chen
- Electrical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98189 , United States
| | - Albert Ryou
- Electrical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98189 , United States
| | - Max R Friedfeld
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98189 , United States
| | - Taylor Fryett
- Electrical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98189 , United States
| | - James Whitehead
- Electrical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98189 , United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98189 , United States
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Electrical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98189 , United States
- Department of Physics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98189 , United States
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34
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Bisschop S, Geiregat P, Aubert T, Hens Z. The Impact of Core/Shell Sizes on the Optical Gain Characteristics of CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9011-9021. [PMID: 30193059 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are highly attractive as the active material for optical amplifiers and lasers. Here, we address the relation between the structure of CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs, the material gain they can deliver, and the threshold needed to attain net stimulated emission by optical pumping. On the basis of an initial gain model, we predict that reducing the thickness of the CdS shell grown around a given CdSe core will increase the maximal material gain, while increasing the shell thickness will lower the gain threshold. We assess this trade-off by means of transient absorption spectroscopy. Our results confirm that thin-shell QDs exhibit the highest material gain. In quantitative agreement with the model, core and shell sizes hugely impact on the material gain, which ranges from 2800 cm-1 for large core/thin shell QDs to less than 250 cm-1 for small core/thick shell QDs. On the other hand, the significant threshold reduction expected for thick-shell QDs is absent. We relate this discrepancy between model and experiment to a transition from attractive to repulsive exciton-exciton interactions with increasing shell thickness. The spectral blue-shift that comes with exciton-exciton repulsion leads to competition between stimulated emission and higher energy absorbing transitions, which raises the gain threshold. As a result, small-core/thick-shell QDs need up to 3.7 excitations per QD to reach transparency, whereas large-core/thin shell QDs only need 1.0, a number often seen as a hard limit for biexciton-mediated optical gain. This makes large-core/thin-shell QDs that feature attractive exciton-exciton interactions the overall champion core/shell configuration in view of highest material gain, lowest threshold exciton occupation, and longest gain lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Bisschop
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics (NB Photonics) , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics (NB Photonics) , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Tangi Aubert
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics (NB Photonics) , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics (NB Photonics) , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
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