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Xu H, Zhao C, Cui S, Sun B, Gao H. Ultrahigh Q surface lattice resonance supported by a U-shaped resonant ring nanoarray. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4006-4009. [PMID: 39008763 DOI: 10.1364/ol.529362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
We achieved an ultrahigh Q surface lattice resonance (SLR) using a conventional U-shaped split ring resonator (U-SRR) array. Numerical results confirmed by semi-analytical analysis show that with the transmission resonance amplitude up to 0.8, the Q-factor of the SLR can still surpass 104. The physical mechanisms of the ultrahigh Q-factor were also investigated. Besides the radiation suppression provided by conventional SLR, the unique geometry of the U-SRR can further offer dual radiation suppression mechanisms: reduction of the dipole moment and excitation of the in-plane quadrupole. We expect that the proposed ultrahigh Q SLR platform will be explored for more flexible and advanced nanoscale devices.
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2
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Oh MJ, Kwon S, Lee S, Jung I, Park S. Octahedron in a Cubic Nanoframe: Strong Near-Field Focusing and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7656-7665. [PMID: 38416014 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Here, we describe the synthesis of a plasmonic particle-in-a-frame architecture in which a solid Au octahedron is enclosed by a Au cubic nanoframe. The octahedra are positioned inside and surrounded by outer Au cubic nanoframes, creating intra-nanogaps within a single entity. Six sharp vertexes in the Au octahedra point toward the open (100) facets of the cubic nanoframes. This allows not only efficient interactions with the surroundings but also tip-enhanced electromagnetic near-field focusing at the sharp tips of the octahedra, combined with intraparticle coupling. The solid core-frame shell structure enhances near-field focusing, giving rise to a heightened concentration of "hot spots". This effect enables highly sensitive detection of 2-naphthalenethiol and thiram, indicating these substrates for use in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Jin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Insub Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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3
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Chen Z, Cao A, Liu D, Zhu Z, Yang F, Fan Y, Liu R, Huang Z, Li Y. Self-Confined Dewetting Mechanism in Wafer-Scale Patterning of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays with Strong Surface Lattice Resonance for Plasmonic Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306239. [PMID: 38225745 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A self-confined solid-state dewetting mechanism is reported that can fundamentally reduce the use of sophisticated nanofabrication techniques, enabling efficient wafer-scale patterning of non-closely packed (ncp) gold nanoparticle arrays. When combined with a soft lithography process, this approach can address the reproducibility challenges associated with colloidal crystal self-assembly, allowing for the batch fabrication of ncp gold arrays with consistent ordering and even optical properties. The resulting dewetted ncp gold nanoparticle arrays exhibit strong surface lattice resonance properties when excited in inhomogeneous environments under normal white-light incidence. With these SLR properties, the sensitive plasmonic sensing of molecular interactions is achieved using a simple transmission setup. This study will advance the development of miniaturized and portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Chen
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - An Cao
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Dilong Liu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Goldots Detection technology of Hefei Co. Ltd, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoting Zhu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhulin Huang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
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4
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Zhao X, Huang R, Du X, Zhang Z, Li G. Ultrahigh- Q Metasurface Transparency Band Induced by Collective-Collective Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1238-1245. [PMID: 38180780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The metasurface analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) provides a chip-scale platform for achieving light delay and storage, high Q factors, and greatly enhanced optical fields. However, the literature relies on the coupling between localized and localized or localized and collective resonances, limiting the Q factor and related performance. Here, we report a novel approach for realizing collective EIT-like bands with a measured Q factor reaching 2750 in silicon metasurfaces in the near-infrared regime, exceeding the state of the art by more than 5 times. It employs the coupling between two collective resonances, the Mie electric dipole surface lattice resonance (SLR) and the out-of-plane/in-plane electric quadrupole SLR (EQ-SLR). Remarkably, the collective EIT-like resonance can have diverging Q factor and group delay due to the bound state in the continuum characteristics of the in-plane EQ-SLR. With these findings, our study opens a new route for tailoring light flow in metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rixing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- School of Computer, Electronic and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guangyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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5
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Matsui H, Momose A, Yoda H, Fujita A. Mechanically Induced Anisotropic Fragments in Sn-Doped In 2O 3 Nanoparticle Films for Flexible Strain Sensing Based on Surface Plasmons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50447-50456. [PMID: 37827524 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mechanical strain sensors have been extensively developed to quantify large mechanical deformations for stretchable and wearable applications. In this study, we propose a plasmonic strain sensor based on the mechanical control of optical properties using an assembled film comprising In2O3: Sn nanoparticles (ITO NP film). The resonant reflectance in the infrared range could effectively be tuned by applying strain to the ITO NP film deposited on an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet. The change in reflectance was caused by the mechanical deformation of the PDMS sheet. The operating mechanism of the proposed plasmonic strain sensor was related to anisotropic fragments induced by cracks formed perpendicular to the direction of the applied strain. These anisotropic fragments were functionalized as optical modulators to change the reflectance depending on the applied strain. The sensing performance of the proposed plasmonic strain sensor was evaluated by using a PDMS sheet with a circular hole that produced nonuniform stress distributions. Finally, to evaluate the flexible and wearable performance of the proposed sensor, the optical detection of human motion was performed by detecting joint-related movements. The optical detection of human motion could be achieved because a change in motion (e.g., bending and stretching of the index finger) was reversibly associated with reflectance changes. Therefore, this study provides new insights into plasmon-based strain sensing for various applications in flexible instruments and human motion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Matsui
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akira Momose
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1, Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Yoda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yo̅to̅, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Aki Fujita
- Science & Technology Inst., Co., 3-5-4 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
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6
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Wang D, Hu J, Schatz GC, Odom TW. Superlattice Surface Lattice Resonances in Plasmonic Nanoparticle Arrays with Patterned Dielectrics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8525-8530. [PMID: 37722092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes how two-dimensional plasmonic nanoparticle lattices covered with microscale arrays of dielectric patches can show superlattice surface lattice resonances (SLRs). These optical resonances originate from multiscale diffractive coupling that can be controlled by the periodicity and size of the patterned dielectrics. The features in the optical dispersion diagram are similar to those of index-matched microscale arrays of metal nanoparticle lattices, having the same lateral dimensions as the dielectric patches. With an increase in nanoparticle size, superlattice SLRs can also support quadrupole excitations with distinct dispersion diagrams. The tunable optical band structure enabled by patterned dielectrics on plasmonic nanoparticle arrays offers prospects for enhanced nonlinear optics, nanoscale lasing, and engineered parity-time symmetries.
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7
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Guan J, Li R, Juarez XG, Sample AD, Wang Y, Schatz GC, Odom TW. Plasmonic Nanoparticle Lattice Devices for White-Light Lasing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2103262. [PMID: 34510573 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic nanolaser architecture that can produce white-light emission is reported. A laser device is designed based on a mixed dye solution used as gain material sandwiched between two aluminum nanoparticle (NP) square lattices of different periodicities. The (±1, 0) and (±1, ±1) band-edge surface lattice resonance (SLR) modes of one NP lattice and the (±1, 0) band-edge mode of the other NP lattice function as nanocavity modes for red, blue, and green lasing respectively. From a single aluminum NP lattice, simultaneous red and blue lasing is realized from a binary dye solution, and the relative intensities of the two colors are controlled by the volume ratio of the dyes. Also, a laser device is constructed by sandwiching dye solutions between two Al NP lattices with different periodicities, which enables red-green and blue-green lasing. With a combination of three dyes as liquid gain, red, green, and blue lasing for a white-light emission profile is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guan
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xitlali G Juarez
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alexander D Sample
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Teri W Odom
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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8
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Han JH, Kim D, Kim J, Kim G, Fischer P, Jeong HH. Plasmonic Nanostructure Engineering with Shadow Growth. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2107917. [PMID: 35332960 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical shadow growth is a vacuum deposition technique that permits a wide variety of 3D-shaped nanoparticles and structures to be fabricated from a large library of materials. Recent advances in the control of the shadow effect at the nanoscale expand the scope of nanomaterials from spherical nanoparticles to complex 3D shaped hybrid nanoparticles and structures. In particular, plasmonically active nanomaterials can be engineered in their shape and material composition so that they exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. Here, the recent progress in the development of shadow growth techniques to realize hybrid plasmonic nanomaterials is discussed. The review describes how fabrication permits the material response to be engineered and highlights novel functions. Potential fields of application with a focus on photonic devices, biomedical, and chiral spectroscopic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hwan Han
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Doeun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyurin Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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9
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Liu WJ, Li F, Zheng YD, Hu XL. Excitation of out-of-plane lattice plasmons in dislocated nanostructures through near-field coupling. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3271-3274. [PMID: 37319079 DOI: 10.1364/ol.491376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-plane lattice plasmons (OLPs) show great potential in realizing high-quality factors due to the strong interparticle coupling. However, the strict conditions of oblique incidence bring challenges to experimental observation. This Letter proposes a new, to the best of our knowledge, mechanism to generate OLPs: through near-field coupling. Notably, with specially designed nanostructure dislocation, the strongest OLP can be achieved at normal incidence. The direction of energy flux of the OLPs is mainly determined by the wave vectors of Rayleigh anomalies. We further found that the OLP exhibits symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum characteristic, which explains the failure of previously reported symmetric structures to excite OLPs at normal incidence. Our work extends the understanding of the OLP and brings benefit to promote the flexible design of functional plasmonic devices.
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10
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Guo Z, Yu G, Zhang Z, Han Y, Guan G, Yang W, Han MY. Intrinsic Optical Properties and Emerging Applications of Gold Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206700. [PMID: 36620937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The collective oscillation of free electrons at the nanoscale surface of gold nanostructures is closely modulated by tuning the size, shape/morphology, phase, composition, hybridization, assembly, and nanopatterning, along with the surroundings of the plasmonic surface located at a dielectric interface with air, liquid, and solid. This review first introduces the physical origin of the intrinsic optical properties of gold nanostructures and further summarizes stimuli-responsive changes in optical properties, metal-field-enhanced optical signals, luminescence spectral shaping, chiroptical response, and photogenerated hot carriers. The current success in the landscape of nanoscience and nanotechnology mainly originates from the abundant optical properties of gold nanostructures in the thermodynamically stable face-centered cubic (fcc) phase. It has been further extended by crystal phase engineering to prepare thermodynamically unfavorable phases (e.g., kinetically stable) and heterophases to modulate their intriguing phase-dependent optical properties. A broad range of promising applications, including but not limited to full-color displays, solar energy harvesting, photochemical reactions, optical sensing, and microscopic/biomedical imaging, have fostered parallel research on the multitude of physical effects occurring in gold nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yandong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guijian Guan
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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11
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Zhang J, Li Q, Dai C, Cheng M, Hu X, Kim HS, Yang H, Preston DJ, Li Z, Zhang X, Lee WK. Hydrogel-Based, Dynamically Tunable Plasmonic Metasurfaces with Nanoscale Resolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205057. [PMID: 36269881 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flat metasurfaces with subwavelength meta-atoms can be designed to manipulate the electromagnetic parameters of incident light and enable unusual light-matter interactions. Although hydrogel-based metasurfaces have the potential to control optical properties dynamically in response to environmental conditions, the pattern resolution of these surfaces has been limited to microscale features or larger, limiting capabilities at the nanoscale, and precluding effective use in metamaterials. This paper reports a general approach to developing tunable plasmonic metasurfaces with hydrogel meta-atoms at the subwavelength scale. Periodic arrays of hydrogel nanodots with continuously tunable diameters are fabricated on silver substrates, resulting in humidity-responsive surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the nanostructure-metal interfaces. The peaks of the SPPs are controlled reversibly by absorbing or releasing water within the hydrogel matrix, the matrix-generated plasmonic color rendering in the visible spectrum. This work demonstrates that metasurfaces designed with these spatially patterned nanodots of varying sizes benefit applications in anti-counterfeiting and generate multicolored displays with single-nanodot resolution. Furthermore, this work shows system versatility exhibited by broadband beam-steering on a phase modulator consisting of hydrogel supercell units in which the size variations of constituent hydrogel nanostructures engineer the wavefront of reflected light from the metasurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Information Research Center for EM Metamaterials and Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenjie Dai
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mingliang Cheng
- Information Research Center for EM Metamaterials and Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Information Research Center for EM Metamaterials and Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hyun-Sik Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Korea
| | - Daniel J Preston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77006, USA
| | - Zhongyang Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Information Research Center for EM Metamaterials and Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Korea
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12
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Xing D, Lin CC, Ho YL, Lee YC, Chen MH, Lin BW, Chen CW, Delaunay JJ. Ligand Engineering and Recrystallization of Perovskite Quantum-Dot Thin Film for Low-Threshold Plasmonic Lattice Laser. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204070. [PMID: 36123147 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-process perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials to be utilized in photovoltaics and photonics with their superior optical properties. Advancements in top-down nanofabrication for perovskite are thus important for practical photonic and plasmonic devices. However, different from the chemically synthesized nano/micro-structures that show high quality and low surface roughness, the perovskite QD thin film prepared by spin-coating or the drop-casting process shows a large roughness and inhomogeneity. Low-roughness and low-optical loss perovskite QD thin film is highly desired for photonic and optoelectronic devices. Here, this work presents a pressure-assisted ligand engineering/recrystallization process for high-quality and well-thickness controlled CsPbBr3 QD film and demonstrates a low-threshold and single-mode plasmonic lattice laser. A recrystallization process is proposed to prepare the QD film with a low roughness (RMS = 1.3 nm) and small thickness (100 nm). Due to the low scattering loss and strong interaction between gain media and plasmonic nanoparticles, a low lasing threshold of 16.9 µJ cm-2 is achieved. It is believed that this work is not only important to the plasmonic laser field but also provides a promising and general nanofabrication method of solution-processed QDs for various photonic and plasmonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xing
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST), National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lun Ho
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yang-Chun Lee
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mu-Hsin Chen
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bo-Wei Lin
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST), National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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13
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Hu H, Weber T, Bienek O, Wester A, Hüttenhofer L, Sharp ID, Maier SA, Tittl A, Cortés E. Catalytic Metasurfaces Empowered by Bound States in the Continuum. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13057-13068. [PMID: 35953078 PMCID: PMC9413421 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic platforms based on ultrathin reactive materials facilitate carrier transport and extraction but are typically restricted to a narrow set of materials and spectral operating ranges due to limited absorption and poor energy-tuning possibilities. Metasurfaces, a class of 2D artificial materials based on the electromagnetic design of nanophotonic resonators, allow optical absorption engineering for a wide range of materials. Moreover, tailored resonances in nanostructured materials enable strong absorption enhancement and thus carrier multiplication. Here, we develop an ultrathin catalytic metasurface platform that leverages the combination of loss-engineered substoichiometric titanium oxide (TiO2-x) and the emerging physical concept of optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) to boost photocatalytic activity and provide broad spectral tunability. We demonstrate that our platform reaches the condition of critical light coupling in a TiO2-x BIC metasurface, thus providing a general framework for maximizing light-matter interactions in diverse photocatalytic materials. This approach can avoid the long-standing drawbacks of many naturally occurring semiconductor-based ultrathin films applied in photocatalysis, such as poor spectral tunability and limited absorption manipulation. Our results are broadly applicable to fields beyond photocatalysis, including photovoltaics and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Hu
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Bienek
- Walter
Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alwin Wester
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ludwig Hüttenhofer
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Walter
Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University
Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The
Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
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14
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Tan MJH, Park JE, Freire-Fernández F, Guan J, Juarez XG, Odom TW. Lasing Action from Quasi-Propagating Modes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203999. [PMID: 35734937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Band edges at the high symmetry points in reciprocal space of periodic structures hold special interest in materials engineering for their high density of states. In optical metamaterials, standing waves found at these points have facilitated lasing, bound-states-in-the-continuum, and Bose-Einstein condensation. However, because high symmetry points by definition are localized, properties associated with them are limited to specific energies and wavevectors. Conversely, quasi-propagating modes along the high symmetry directions are predicted to enable similar phenomena over a continuum of energies and wavevectors. Here, quasi-propagating modes in 2D nanoparticle lattices are shown to support lasing action over a continuous range of wavelengths and symmetry-determined directions from a single device. Using lead halide perovskite nanocrystal films as gain materials, lasing is achieved from waveguide-surface lattice resonance (W-SLR) modes that can be decomposed into propagating waves along high symmetry directions, and standing waves in the orthogonal direction that provide optical feedback. The characteristics of the lasing beams are analyzed using an analytical 3D model that describes diffracted light in 2D lattices. Demonstrations of lasing across different wavelengths and lattice designs highlight how quasi-propagating modes offer possibilities to engineer chromatic multibeam emission important in hyperspectral 3D sensing, high-bandwidth Li-Fi communication, and laser projection displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J H Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | - Jun Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xitlali G Juarez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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15
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Guan J, Park JE, Deng S, Tan MJH, Hu J, Odom TW. Light-Matter Interactions in Hybrid Material Metasurfaces. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15177-15203. [PMID: 35762982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This Review focuses on the integration of plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces with emissive or stimuli-responsive materials for manipulating light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. Metasurfaces, engineered planar structures with rationally designed building blocks, can change the local phase and intensity of electromagnetic waves at the subwavelength unit level and offers more degrees of freedom to control the flow of light. A combination of metasurfaces and nanoscale emitters facilitates access to weak and strong coupling regimes for enhanced photoluminescence, nanoscale lasing, controlled quantum emission, and formation of exciton-polaritons. In addition to emissive materials, functional materials that respond to external stimuli can be combined with metasurfaces to engineer tunable nanophotonic devices. Emerging metasurface designs including surface-functionalized, chemically tunable, and multilayer hybrid metasurfaces open prospects for diverse applications, including photocatalysis, sensing, displays, and quantum information.
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16
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Lin H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Lin KT, Wen X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Lau AKT, Ma T, Qiu CW, Jia B. Engineering van der Waals Materials for Advanced Metaphotonics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15204-15355. [PMID: 35749269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding chemical and physical properties of 2D materials, together with their atomically thin nature, make them ideal candidates for metaphotonic device integration and construction, which requires deep subwavelength light-matter interaction to achieve optical functionalities beyond conventional optical phenomena observed in naturally available materials. In addition to their intrinsic properties, the possibility to further manipulate the properties of 2D materials via chemical or physical engineering dramatically enhances their capability, evoking new science on light-matter interaction, leading to leaped performance of existing functional devices and giving birth to new metaphotonic devices that were unattainable previously. Comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic properties of 2D materials, approaches and capabilities for chemical and physical engineering methods, the resulting property modifications and novel functionalities, and applications of metaphotonic devices are provided in this review. Through reviewing the detailed progress in each aspect and the state-of-the-art achievement, insightful analyses of the outstanding challenges and future directions are elucidated in this cross-disciplinary comprehensive review with the aim to provide an overall development picture in the field of 2D material metaphotonics and promote rapid progress in this fast emerging and prosperous field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yao Liang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Fu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Alan Kin Tak Lau
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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17
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Park JE, López-Arteaga R, Sample AD, Cherqui CR, Spanopoulos I, Guan J, Kanatzidis MG, Schatz GC, Weiss EA, Odom TW. Polariton Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites Strongly Coupled with Plasmonic Lattices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3917-3925. [PMID: 35235746 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between light and matter can produce hybrid eigenstates known as exciton-polaritons. Although polariton dynamics are important photophysical properties, the relaxation pathways of polaritons in different coupling regimes have seen limited attention. This paper reports the dynamics of hybridized states from 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites coupled to plasmonic nanoparticle lattices. The open cavity architecture of Al lattices enables the coupling strength to be modulated by varying either the lead halide perovskite film thickness or the superstrate refractive index. Both experiments and finite-difference time-domain simulations of the optical dispersion diagrams showed avoided crossings that are a signature of strong coupling. Our analytical model also elucidated the correlation between the exciton/plasmon mixing ratio and polariton coupling strength. Using fs-transient absorption spectroscopy, we found that both the upper and lower polaritons have shorter lifetimes than the excitons and that polaritons can show faster excited-state dynamics when they have access to additional energy transfer channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rafael López-Arteaga
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexander D Sample
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charles R Cherqui
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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18
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Investigation of Lattice Plasmon Modes in 2D Arrays of Au Nanoantennas. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of gold nanoantennas (AuNAs) in the arrangement of monomers in bidimensional gratings is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The influence of edge diffraction, corresponding to the grazing propagation of specific diffracted orders, and the dependence of grating parameters on lattice plasmon modes are studied. It is shown that the grating pitch influences the spectral position of the Rayleigh wavelength related to the grazing diffraction in air and/or in glass. In order to investigate the effect of diffraction and its interplay with the Rayleigh wavelength, extinction measurements with different incidence angles are carried out. For incidence angles above θ=20∘, along with the excitation of quadrupolar and vertical modes, very narrow dips or sharp excitations are observed in the spectra. These ones strongly depend on the respective spectral position of Rayleigh anomaly and specific dipolar mode, on the propagation direction of the grazing diffraction, and on the considered plasmon mode. These features are explained in the light of numerical calculations obtained with Green’s tensor method. All the above different characteristics and couplings are of great practical interest, especially for a possible implementation in biosensor devices and for other technological applications spanning from precision medicine and life science to telecommunications and energy systems.
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19
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Chen S, Huang X, Wu Q, Ao X. Photochromic switching of narrow-band lattice resonances. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:337-340. [PMID: 35030600 DOI: 10.1364/ol.446568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Narrow-band resonances supported by a variety of periodic metallic or dielectric nanostructures have great potential applications in light sources, optical sensors, and switches or modulators. Here we report the switching of narrow-band lattice resonances in a mirror-backed two-dimensional array of dielectric nanopillars. The nanopillar is composed of a silica core and photochromic coating. By exposure to ultraviolet light, the photochromic molecules can be turned into a state that is highly absorptive around the wavelength of the lattice resonance. Because the lattice resonance has enhanced the near-fields concentrated on the tops of dielectric nanopillars, the absorptive coating can destroy this resonance. The absorptive state of the photochromic molecules can be recovered to a transparent state by exposure to visible light. We fabricate the device and characterize the change of reflection spectra to demonstrate the reversible switching of lattice resonances by exposure to ultraviolet and visible light alternately. An all-optical control of the narrow-band photoluminescence is further demonstrated by combining a fluorescent dye with the photochromic molecules.
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20
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Yu J, Liu Z, Wang M, Wang C, Chen G, Cui Z, Wang T, Yang H, Wang X, Chen X. Strain-Enabled Phase Transition of Periodic Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2102560. [PMID: 34632642 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phase transitions are universal in solid-state matters, as well as in periodic electromagnetic metasurfaces-the photonic analogues of crystals. Although such transitions dictate the properties of active metasurfaces, universal ways to describe the structure transition of periodic metasurfaces have not yet been established. Here, the authors report the strain-enabled phase transition (or lattice deformation) of stretchable metasurfaces with the crystallographic description. They analytically and experimentally demonstrate the phase transition of plasmonic lattices between two arbitrary 2D Bravais lattices under certain strain configurations. The strain-induced symmetry lowering of the structures gives rise to optical anisotropy upon polarization, namely, linearly and circularly polarized dichroism. They further demonstrate the potential of phase transition in information decoding with applied strain. Interpreting the phase transition of metasurfaces from a standpoint of symmetry would accelerate the discovery of emergent properties, and provide a generalizable approach to designing active metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancan Yu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changxian Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zequn Cui
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Yang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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21
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Charconnet M, Kuttner C, Plou J, García-Pomar JL, Mihi A, Liz-Marzán LM, Seifert A. Mechanically Tunable Lattice-Plasmon Resonances by Templated Self-Assembled Superlattices for Multi-Wavelength Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100453. [PMID: 34927949 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lattice plasmons, i.e., diffractively coupled localized surface plasmon resonances, occur in long-range ordered plasmonic nanostructures such as 1D and 2D periodic lattices. Such far-field coupled resonances can be employed for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), provided they are spectrally matched to the excitation wavelength. The spectral positions of lattice plasmon modes critically depend on the lattice period and uniformity, owing to their pronounced sensitivity to structural disorder. We report the fabrication of superlattices by templated self-assembly of gold nanoparticles on a flexible support, with tunable lattice-plasmon resonances by means of macroscopic strain. We demonstrate that the highest SERS performance is achieved by matching the lattice plasmon mode to the excitation wavelength, by post-assembly fine-tuning of long-range structural parameters. Both asymmetric and symmetric lattice deformations can be used to adapt a single lattice structure to both red-shifted and blue-shifted excitation lines, as exemplified by lattice expansion and contraction, respectively. This proof-of-principle study represents a basis for alternative designs of adaptive functional nanostructures with mechanically tunable lattice resonances using strain as a macroscopic control parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Charconnet
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Christian Kuttner
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Javier Plou
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | | | - Agustín Mihi
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (EHU-UPV), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Andreas Seifert
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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22
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Low-Threshold Nanolaser Based on Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide Mode Supported by Metallic Grating Waveguide Structure. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102555. [PMID: 34684995 PMCID: PMC8538269 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A high Q-factor of the nanocavity can effectively reduce the threshold of nanolasers. In this paper, a modified nanostructure composed of a silver grating on a low-index dielectric layer (LID) and a high-index dielectric layer (HID) was proposed to realize a nanolaser with a lower lasing threshold. The nanostructure supports a hybrid plasmonic waveguide mode with a very-narrow line-width that can be reduced to about 1.79 nm by adjusting the thickness of the LID/HID layer or the duty ratio of grating, and the Q-factor can reach up to about 348. We theoretically demonstrated the lasing behavior of the modified nanostructures using the model of the combination of the classical electrodynamics and the four-level two-electron model of the gain material. The results demonstrated that the nanolaser based on the hybrid plasmonic waveguide mode can really reduce the lasing threshold to 0.042 mJ/cm2, which is about three times lower than the nanolaser based on the surface plasmon. The lasing action can be modulated by the thickness of the LID layer, the thickness of the HID layer and the duty cycle of grating. Our findings could provide a useful guideline to design low-threshold and highly-efficient miniaturized lasers.
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23
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Ma K, Li B, Zhou X, Jiang M, Liu Y, Kan C. Plasmon-enabled spectrally narrow ultraviolet luminescence device using Pt nanoparticles covered one microwire-based heterojunction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:21783-21794. [PMID: 34265958 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to great luminescent monochromaticity, high stability, and independent of automatic color filter, low dimensional ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) via the hyperpure narrow band have attracted considerable interest for fabricating miniatured display equipments, solid state lighting sources, and other ultraviolet photoelectrical devices. In this study, a near-ultraviolet LED composed of one Ga-doped ZnO microwire (ZnO:Ga MW) and p-GaN layer was fabricated. The diode can exhibit bright electroluminescence (EL) peaking at 400.0 nm, with a line width of approximately 35 nm. Interestingly, by introducing platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), we achieved an ultraviolet plasmonic response; an improved EL, including significantly enhanced light output; an observed blueshift of main EL peaks of 377.0 nm; and a reduction of line width narrowing to 10 nm. Working as a powerful scalpel, the decoration of PtNPs can be employed to tailor the spectral line profiles of the ultraviolet EL performances. Also, a rational physical model was built up, which could help us study the carrier transportation, recombination of electrons and holes, and dynamic procedure of luminescence. This method offers a simple and feasible way, without complicated fabricating technology such as an added insulating layer or core shell structure, to realize hyperpure ultraviolet LED. Therefore, the proposed engineering of energy band alignment by introducing PtNPs can be employed to build up high performance, high spectral purity luminescent devices in the short wavelengths.
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24
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Zhang C, Dong H, Zhang C, Fan Y, Yao J, Zhao YS. Photonic skins based on flexible organic microlaser arrays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/31/eabh3530. [PMID: 34330710 PMCID: PMC8324057 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible photonics is rapidly emerging as a promising platform for artificial smart skins to imitate or extend the capabilities of human skins. Organic material systems provide a promising avenue to directly fabricate large-scale flexible device units; however, the versatile fabrication of all-organic integrated devices with desired photonic functionalities remains a great challenge. Here, we develop an effective technique for the mass processing of organic microlaser arrays, which act as sensing units, on the chip of photonic skins. With a bilayer electron-beam direct writing method, we fabricated flexible mechanical sensor networks composed of coupled-cavity single-mode laser sources on pliable polymer substrates. These microlaser-based mechanical sensor chips were subsequently used to recognize hand gestures, showing great potential for artificial skin applications. This work represents a substantial advance toward scalable construction of high-performance and low-cost flexible photonic chips, thus paving the way for the implementation of smart photonic skins into practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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25
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Bi W, Zhang X, Yan M, Zhao L, Ning T, Huo Y. Low-threshold and controllable nanolaser based on quasi-BIC supported by an all-dielectric eccentric nanoring structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:12634-12643. [PMID: 33985017 DOI: 10.1364/oe.420001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-Q factor can enhance the interaction between light and matter, which is an important parameter to decrease the threshold of nanolasers. Here, we theoretically propose an eccentric nanoring structure with a high and controllable Q factor to realize a low-threshold and controllable nanolaser by amplifying the quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC). The designed nanostructure supports a quasi-BIC because of the symmetry protection-breaking of the nanostructure. The quasi-BIC has a very high Q factor of about 9.6×104 and can also be adjusted by changing structural parameters. We use the energy level diagram of the four-level two-electron system to study the lasing action of the eccentric nanoring structure. The results show that the nanolaser has a relatively low threshold of about 6.46 μJ/cm2. Furthermore, the lasing behavior can be tuned by controlling the structural parameters of the eccentric circular ring structure.
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26
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Abstract
Collective lattice resonances in regular arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to a large number of applications in optics and photonics. Most of the research in this field is concentrated on the electric dipolar lattice resonances, leaving higher-order multipolar lattice resonances in plasmonic nanostructures relatively unexplored. Just a few works report exceptionally high-Q multipolar lattice resonances in plasmonic arrays, but only with infinite extent (i.e., perfectly periodic). In this work, we comprehensively study multipolar collective lattice resonances both in finite and in infinite arrays of Au and Al plasmonic nanoparticles using a rigorous theoretical treatment. It is shown that multipolar lattice resonances in the relatively large (up to 6400 nanoparticles) finite arrays exhibit broader full width at half maximum (FWHM) compared to similar resonances in the infinite arrays. We argue that our results are of particular importance for the practical implementation of multipolar lattice resonances in different photonics applications.
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27
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Fang X, Xiong L, Shi J, Li G. High-Q quadrupolar plasmonic lattice resonances in horizontal metal-insulator-metal gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1546-1549. [PMID: 33793482 DOI: 10.1364/ol.419364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a plasmonic platform for achieving out-of-plane quadrupolar plasmonic surface lattice resonances (SLRs) with large quality factors. The proposed platform is composed of a horizontal metal-insulator-metal (MIM) grating embedded in a homogeneous dielectric environment. Numerical results based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis show that under oblique incidences, high-Q out-of-plane quadrupolar SLRs can be excited at wavelengths of 1242 nm over a wide range of insulator widths, and the quality factor can reach 1036. As a comparison, under the same conditions, only dipolar SLRs with much lower quality factors of ∼300 can be excited in a vertical MIM grating, which has the same period and a quarter-turned unit cell. We expect that the proposed high-Q quadrupolar SLR platform will find applications in light-matter interactions on the nanoscale.
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28
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Román Castellanos L, Hess O, Lischner J. Dielectric Engineering of Hot-Carrier Generation by Quantized Plasmons in Embedded Silver Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:3081-3087. [PMID: 33613808 PMCID: PMC7885732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling properties of plasmon-induced hot carriers is a key step toward next-generation photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices. Here, we uncover a route to engineering hot-carrier generation rates of silver nanoparticles by designed embedding in dielectric host materials. Extending our recently established quantum-mechanical approach to describe the decay of quantized plasmons into hot carriers we capture both external screening by the nanoparticle environment and internal screening by silver d-electrons through an effective electron-electron interaction. We find that hot-carrier generation can be maximized by engineering the dielectric host material such that the energy of the localized surface plasmon coincides with the highest value of the nanoparticle joint density of states. This allows us to uncover a path to control the energy of the carriers and the amount produced, for example, a large number of relatively low-energy carriers are obtained by embedding in strongly screening environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ortwin Hess
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- The
Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Johannes Lischner
- The
Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics and Materials, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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29
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Wang CY, Sang Y, Yang X, Raja SS, Cheng CW, Li H, Ding Y, Sun S, Ahn H, Shih CK, Gwo S, Shi J. Engineering Giant Rabi Splitting via Strong Coupling between Localized and Propagating Plasmon Modes on Metal Surface Lattices: Observation of √N Scaling Rule. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:605-611. [PMID: 33350840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a strong coupling system realized by coupling the localized surface plasmon mode in individual silver nanogrooves and propagating surface plasmon modes launched by periodic nanogroove arrays with varied periodicities on a continuous silver medium. When the propagating modes are in resonance with the localized mode, we observe a √N scaling of Rabi splitting energy, where N is the number of propagating modes coupled to the localized mode. Here, we confirm a giant Rabi splitting on the order of 450-660 meV (N = 2) in the visible spectral range, and the corresponding coupling strength is 160-235 meV. In some of the strong coupling cases studied by us, the coupling strength is about 10% of the mode energy, reaching the ultrastrong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuan Wang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yungang Sang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Soniya S Raja
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Haozhi Li
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yufeng Ding
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuoyan Sun
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hyeyoung Ahn
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Shih
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jinwei Shi
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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30
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Liang Y, Li C, Huang YZ, Zhang Q. Plasmonic Nanolasers in On-Chip Light Sources: Prospects and Challenges. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14375-14390. [PMID: 33119269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic nanolaser is a class of lasers with the physical dimensions free from the optical diffraction limit. In the past decade, progress in performance, applications, and mechanisms of plasmonic nanolasers has increased dramatically. We review this advance and offer our prospectives on the remaining challenges ahead, concentrating on the integration with nanochips. In particular, we focus on the qualifications for electrical pumping, energy consumption, and ultrafast modulation. At last, we evaluate the strategies for on-chip source construction design and further threshold reduction to achieve a long-term room-temperature electrically pumped plasmonic nanolaser, the ultimate goal toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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31
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Yadav RK, Otten M, Wang W, Cortes CL, Gosztola DJ, Wiederrecht GP, Gray SK, Odom TW, Basu JK. Strongly Coupled Exciton-Surface Lattice Resonances Engineer Long-Range Energy Propagation. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5043-5049. [PMID: 32470309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving propagation lengths in hybrid plasmonic systems beyond typical values of tens of micrometers is important for quantum plasmonics applications. We report long-range optical energy propagation due to excitons in semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) being strongly coupled to surface lattice resonance (SLRs) in silver nanoparticle arrays. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements provide evidence of an exciton-SLR (ESLR) mode extending at least 600 μm from the excitation region. We also observe additional energy propagation with range well beyond the ESLR mode and with dependency on the coupling strength, g, between SQDs and SLR. Cavity quantum electrodynamics calculations capture the nature of the PL spectra for consistent g values, while coupled dipole calculations show a SQD number-dependent electric field decay profile consistent with the experimental spatial PL profile. Our results suggest an exciting direction wherein SLRs mediate long-range interactions between SQDs, having possible applications in optoelectronics, sensing, and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Otten
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Weijia Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cristian L Cortes
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David J Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gary P Wiederrecht
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stephen K Gray
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Teri W Odom
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jaydeep K Basu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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32
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Yang ZQ, Shao ZK, Chen HZ, Mao XR, Ma RM. Spin-Momentum-Locked Edge Mode for Topological Vortex Lasing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:013903. [PMID: 32678624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.013903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin-momentum locking is a direct consequence of bulk topological order and provides a basic concept to control a carrier's spin and charge flow for new exotic phenomena in condensed matter physics. However, up to date the research on spin-momentum locking solely focuses on its in-plane transport properties. Here, we report an emerging out-of-plane radiation feature of spin-momentum locking in a non-Hermitian topological photonic system and demonstrate a high performance topological vortex laser based on it. We find that the gain saturation effect lifts the degeneracy of the paired counterpropagating spin-momentum-locked edge modes enabling lasing from a single topological edge mode. The near-field spin and orbital angular momentum of the topological edge mode lasing has a one-to-one far-field radiation correspondence. The methodology of probing the near-field topology feature by far-field lasing emission can be used to study other exotic phenomena. The device can lead to applications in superresolution imaging, optical tweezers, free-space optical sensing, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Qian Yang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Kai Shao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Zhou Chen
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Rui Mao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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33
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Azzam SI, Kildishev AV, Ma RM, Ning CZ, Oulton R, Shalaev VM, Stockman MI, Xu JL, Zhang X. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:90. [PMID: 32509297 PMCID: PMC7248101 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa I. Azzam
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Alexander V. Kildishev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Rupert Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Vladimir M. Shalaev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Mark I. Stockman
- Center for Nano-Optics (CeNO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jia-Lu Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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34
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Guan J, Sagar LK, Li R, Wang D, Bappi G, Wang W, Watkins N, Bourgeois MR, Levina L, Fan F, Hoogland S, Voznyy O, de Pina JM, Schaller RD, Schatz GC, Sargent EH, Odom TW. Quantum Dot-Plasmon Lasing with Controlled Polarization Patterns. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3426-3433. [PMID: 32049478 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The tailored spatial polarization of coherent light beams is important for applications ranging from microscopy to biophysics to quantum optics. Miniaturized light sources are needed for integrated, on-chip photonic devices with desired vector beams; however, this issue is unresolved because most lasers rely on bulky optical elements to achieve such polarization control. Here, we report on quantum dot-plasmon lasers with engineered polarization patterns controllable by near-field coupling of colloidal quantum dots to metal nanoparticles. Conformal coating of CdSe-CdS core-shell quantum dot films on Ag nanoparticle lattices enables the formation of hybrid waveguide-surface lattice resonance (W-SLR) modes. The sidebands of these hybrid modes at nonzero wavevectors facilitate directional lasing emission with either radial or azimuthal polarization depending on the thickness of the quantum dot film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guan
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Laxmi Kishore Sagar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Danqing Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Golam Bappi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Weijia Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nicolas Watkins
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Larissa Levina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Fengjia Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Joao Martins de Pina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Teri W Odom
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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35
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Zhou X, Jiang M, Wu Y, Ma K, Liu Y, Wan P, Kan C, Shi D. Hybrid quadrupole plasmon induced spectrally pure ultraviolet emission from a single AgNPs@ZnO:Ga microwire based heterojunction diode. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1340-1351. [PMID: 36133060 PMCID: PMC9417069 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light-emitting materials and devices with high-efficiency are required for many applications. One promising way to enhance the ultraviolet luminescence efficiency is by incorporating plasmonic nanostructures. However, a large energy mismatch between the plasmons and the light emitters greatly limits the direct realization of light enhancement. In this work, a single Ga-doped ZnO microwire prepared with large-sized Ag nanoparticle (the diameter d ∼ 200 nm) deposition (AgNPs@ZnO:Ga MW) was utilized to construct a high-performance heterojunction diode, with p-GaN serving as the hole injection layer. In addition to enhanced optical output, the emission spectra also revealed that typical near-band-edge (NBE) emission with higher wavelength stability centered around 378.0 nm was achieved, accompanied by narrowing of the spectral linewidth to around 10 nm. Thus, the interfacial and p-GaN emissions were successfully suppressed. The spectral profile of the emission spectra of the heterojunction diodes precisely matched the photoluminescence spectrum of the single ZnO:Ga MW, which indicates that the single ZnO:Ga MW can act as the active region for the radiative recombination of electrons and holes in the diode operation. In the emission mechanism, hybrid quadrupole plasmons induce the generation of hot electrons, which are then injected into the conduction band of the neighboring ZnO:Ga and are responsible for the NBE-type emission of the single MW based heterojunction diode. This novel emission enhancement and modulation principle can aid in the design and development of new types of luminescent materials and devices with high-efficiency, spectral stability and spectral purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Zhou
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics No. 29 Jiangjun Road Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Mingming Jiang
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics No. 29 Jiangjun Road Nanjing 210016 China
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices (MOE), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics No. 29 Jiangjun Road Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Kunjie Ma
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics No. 29 Jiangjun Road Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics No. 29 Jiangjun Road Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics No. 29 Jiangjun Road Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics No. 29 Jiangjun Road Nanjing 210016 China
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices (MOE), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Daning Shi
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics No. 29 Jiangjun Road Nanjing 210016 China
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36
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Guan J, Sagar LK, Li R, Wang D, Bappi G, Watkins NE, Bourgeois MR, Levina L, Fan F, Hoogland S, Voznyy O, Martins de Pina J, Schaller RD, Schatz GC, Sargent EH, Odom TW. Engineering Directionality in Quantum Dot Shell Lasing Using Plasmonic Lattices. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1468-1474. [PMID: 32004007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report how the direction of quantum dot (QD) lasing can be engineered by exploiting high-symmetry points in plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) lattices. The nanolaser architecture consists of CdSe-CdS core-shell QD layers conformally coated on two-dimensional square arrays of Ag NPs. Using waveguide-surface lattice resonances (W-SLRs) near the Δ point in the Brillouin zone as optical feedback, we achieved lasing from the gain in CdS shells at off-normal emission angles. Changing the periodicity of the plasmonic lattices enables other high-symmetry points (Γ or M) of the lattice to overlap with the QD shell emission, which facilitates tuning of the lasing direction. We also increased the thickness of the QD layer to introduce higher-order W-SLR modes with additional avoided crossings in the band structure, which expands the selection of cavity modes for any desired lasing emission angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guan
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Laxmi Kishore Sagar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Danqing Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Golam Bappi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Nicolas E Watkins
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Larissa Levina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Fengjia Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Joao Martins de Pina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Teri W Odom
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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Schrittwieser S, Haslinger MJ, Mitteramskogler T, Mühlberger M, Shoshi A, Brückl H, Bauch M, Dimopoulos T, Schmid B, Schotter J. Multifunctional Nanostructures and Nanopocket Particles Fabricated by Nanoimprint Lithography. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1790. [PMID: 31888231 PMCID: PMC6956382 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces and nanoparticles are already widely employed in many different fields of research, and there is an ever-growing demand for reliable, reproducible and scalable nanofabrication methods. This is especially valid for multifunctional nanomaterials with physical properties that are tailored for specific applications. Here, we report on the fabrication of two types of nanomaterials. Specifically, we present surfaces comprising a highly uniform array of elliptical pillars as well as nanoparticles with the shape of nanopockets, possessing nano-cavities. The structures are fabricated by nanoimprint lithography, physical and wet-chemical etching and sputter deposition of thin films of various materials to achieve a multifunctional nanomaterial with defined optical and magnetic properties. We show that the nanopockets can be transferred to solution, yielding a nanoparticle dispersion. All fabrication steps are carefully characterized by microscopic and optical methods. Additionally, we show optical simulation results that are in good agreement with the experimentally obtained data. Thus, this versatile method allows to fabricate nanomaterials with specific tailor-made physical properties that can be designed by modelling prior to the actual fabrication process. Finally, we discuss possible application areas of these nanomaterials, which range from biology and medicine to electronics, photovoltaics and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schrittwieser
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.); (J.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Astrit Shoshi
- Department for Integrated Sensor Systems, Danube University Krems, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria; (A.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Hubert Brückl
- Department for Integrated Sensor Systems, Danube University Krems, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria; (A.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Martin Bauch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Photovoltaic Systems, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Theodoros Dimopoulos
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Photovoltaic Systems, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Barbara Schmid
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Joerg Schotter
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.); (J.S.)
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Wang D, Guan J, Hu J, Bourgeois MR, Odom TW. Manipulating Light-Matter Interactions in Plasmonic Nanoparticle Lattices. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2997-3007. [PMID: 31596570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rationally assembled nanostructures exhibit distinct physical and chemical properties beyond their individual units. Developments in nanofabrication techniques have enabled the patterning of a wide range of nanomaterial designs over macroscale (>in.2) areas. Periodic metal nanostructures show long-range diffractive interactions when the lattice spacing is close to the wavelength of the incident light. The collective coupling between metal nanoparticles in a lattice introduces sharp and intense plasmonic surface lattice resonances, in contrast to the broad localized resonances from single nanoparticles. Plasmonic nanoparticle lattices exhibit strongly enhanced optical fields within the subwavelength vicinity of the nanoparticle unit cells that are 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of individual units. These intense electromagnetic fields can manipulate nanoscale processes such as photocatalysis, optical spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, and light harvesting. This Account focuses on advances in exciton-plasmon coupling and light-matter interactions with plasmonic nanoparticle lattices. First, we introduce the fundamentals of ultrasharp surface lattice resonances; these resonances arise from the coupling of the localized surface plasmons of a nanoparticle to the diffraction mode from the lattice. Second, we discuss how integrating dye molecules with plasmonic nanoparticle lattices can result in an architecture for nanoscale lasing at room temperature. The lasing emission wavelength can be tuned in real time by adjusting the refractive index environment or varying the lattice spacing. Third, we describe how manipulating either the shape of the unit cell or the lattice geometry can control the lasing emission properties. Low-symmetry plasmonic nanoparticle lattices can show polarization-dependent lasing responses, and multiscale plasmonic superlattices-finite patches of nanoparticles grouped into microscale arrays-can support multiple plasmon resonances for controlled multimodal nanolasing. Fourth, we discuss how the assembly of photoactive emitters on the nanocavity arrays behaves as a hybrid materials system with enhanced exciton-plasmon coupling. Positioning metal-organic framework materials around nanoparticles produces mixed photon modes with strongly enhanced photoluminescence at wavelengths determined by the lattice. Deterministic coupling of quantum emitters in two-dimensional materials to plasmonic lattices leads to preserved single-photon emission and reduced decay lifetimes. Finally, we highlight emerging applications of nanoparticle lattices from compact, fully reconfigurable imaging devices to solid-state emitter structures. Plasmonic nanoparticle lattices are a versatile, scalable platform for tunable flat optics, nontrivial topological photonics, and modified chemical reactivities.
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Fernandez-Bravo A, Wang D, Barnard ES, Teitelboim A, Tajon C, Guan J, Schatz GC, Cohen BE, Chan EM, Schuck PJ, Odom TW. Ultralow-threshold, continuous-wave upconverting lasing from subwavelength plasmons. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:1172-1176. [PMID: 31548631 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized lasers are an emerging platform for generating coherent light for quantum photonics, in vivo cellular imaging, solid-state lighting and fast three-dimensional sensing in smartphones1-3. Continuous-wave lasing at room temperature is critical for integration with opto-electronic devices and optimal modulation of optical interactions4,5. Plasmonic nanocavities integrated with gain can generate coherent light at subwavelength scales6-9, beyond the diffraction limit that constrains mode volumes in dielectric cavities such as semiconducting nanowires10,11. However, insufficient gain with respect to losses and thermal instabilities in nanocavities has limited all nanoscale lasers to pulsed pump sources and/or low-temperature operation6-9,12-15. Here, we show continuous-wave upconverting lasing at room temperature with record-low thresholds and high photostability from subwavelength plasmons. We achieve selective, single-mode lasing from Yb3+/Er3+-co-doped upconverting nanoparticles conformally coated on Ag nanopillar arrays that support a single, sharp lattice plasmon cavity mode and greater than wavelength λ/20 field confinement in the vertical dimension. The intense electromagnetic near-fields localized in the vicinity of the nanopillars result in a threshold of 70 W cm-2, orders of magnitude lower than other small lasers. Our plasmon-nanoarray upconverting lasers provide directional, ultra-stable output at visible frequencies under near-infrared pumping, even after six hours of constant operation, which offers prospects in previously unrealizable applications of coherent nanoscale light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danqing Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edward S Barnard
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ayelet Teitelboim
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Tajon
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Trilo Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Guan
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Bruce E Cohen
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Emory M Chan
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P James Schuck
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Teri W Odom
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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40
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Cherqui C, Bourgeois MR, Wang D, Schatz GC. Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances: Theory and Computation. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2548-2558. [PMID: 31465203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic surface lattice resonances (SLRs) are mixed light-matter states emergent in a system of periodically arranged metallic nanoparticles (NPs) under the constraint that the array spacing is able to support a standing wave of optical-frequency light. The properties of SLRs derive from two separate physical effects; the electromagnetic (plasmonic) response of metal NPs and the electromagnetic states (photonic cavity modes) associated with the array of NPs. Metal NPs, especially free-electron metals such as silver, gold, aluminum, and alkali metals, support optical-frequency electron density oscillations known as localized surface plasmons (LSPs). The high density of conduction-band electrons in these metals gives rise to plasmon excitations that strongly couple to light even for particles that are several orders of magnitude smaller than the wavelength of the excitation source. In this sense, LSPs have the remarkable ability to squeeze far-field light into intensely localized electric near-fields that can enhance the intensity of light by factors of ∼103 or more. Moreover, as a result of advances in the synthesis and fabrication of NPs, the intrinsic dependence of LSPs on the NP geometry, composition, and size can readily be exploited to design NPs with a wide range of optical properties. One drawback in using LSPs to enhance optical, electronic, or chemical processes is the losses introduced into the system by dephasing and Ohmic damping-an effect that must either be tolerated or mitigated. Plasmonic SLRs enable the mitigation of loss effects through the coupling of LSPs to diffractive states that arise from arrays satisfying Bragg scattering conditions, also known as Rayleigh anomalies. Bragg modes are well-known for arrays of dielectric NPs, where they funnel and trap incoming light into the plane of the lattice, defining a photonic cavity. The low losses and narrow linewidths associated with dielectric NPs produce Bragg modes that oscillate for ∼103-104 cycles before decaying. These modes are of great interest to the metamaterials community but have relatively weak electric fields associated with dielectric NPs and therefore are not used for applications where local field enhancements are needed. Plasmonic lattices, i.e., photonic crystals composed of metallic NPs, combine the characteristics of both LSPs and diffractive states, enabling both enhanced local fields and narrow-linewidth excitations, in many respects providing the best advantages of both materials. Thus, by control of the periodicity and global symmetry of the lattice in addition to the material composition and shape of the constituent NPs, SLRs can be designed to simultaneously survive for up to 103 cycles while maintaining the electric field enhancements near the NP surface that have made the use of LSPs ubiquitous in nanoscience. Modern fabrication methods allow for square-centimeter-scale patches of two-dimensional arrays that are composed of approximately one trillion NPs, making them effectively infinite at the nanoscale. Because of these advances, it is now possible to experimentally realize SLRs with properties that approach those predicted by idealized theoretical models. In this Account, we introduce the fundamental theory of both SLRs and SLR-mediated lasing, where the latter is one of the most important applications of plasmonic SLRs that has emerged to date. The focus of this Account is on theoretical concepts for describing plasmonic SLRs and computational methods used for their study, but throughout we emphasize physical insights provided by the theory that aid in making applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Cherqui
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Marc R. Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Danqing Wang
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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41
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Li R, Bourgeois MR, Cherqui C, Guan J, Wang D, Hu J, Schaller RD, Schatz GC, Odom TW. Hierarchical Hybridization in Plasmonic Honeycomb Lattices. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6435-6441. [PMID: 31390214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports hierarchical hybridization as a mode-mixing scheme to account for the unique optical properties of non-Bravais lattices of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). The formation of surface lattice resonances (SLRs) mediated by localized surface plasmons (LSPs) of different multipolar orders (dipole and quadrupole) can result in asymmetric electric near-field distributions surrounding the NPs. This asymmetry is because of LSP hybridization at the individual NP level from LSPs of different multipole order and at the unit cell level (NP dimer) from LSPs of the same multipole order. Fabricated honeycomb lattices of silver NPs exhibit ultrasharp SLRs at the Γ point that can also facilitate nanolasing. Modeling of the stimulated emission process revealed that the multipolar component of the lattice plasmon mode was responsible for feedback for lasing. By leveraging multipolar LSP responses in Al NP lattices, we achieved two distinct Γ point band-edge modes from a single honeycomb lattice. This work highlights how multipolar LSP coupling in plasmonic lattices with a non-Bravais symmetry has important implications for the design of SLRs and their associated plasmonic near-field distributions. These relatively unexplored degrees of freedom can decrease both ohmic and radiative losses in nanoscale systems and enable SLRs to build unanticipated connections among photonics and nanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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42
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Juodėnas M, Tamulevičius T, Henzie J, Erts D, Tamulevičius S. Surface Lattice Resonances in Self-Assembled Arrays of Monodisperse Ag Cuboctahedra. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9038-9047. [PMID: 31329417 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanoparticles arranged in periodic arrays can generate surface lattice plasmon resonances (SLRs) with high Q-factors. These collective resonances are interesting because the associated electromagnetic field is delocalized throughout the plane of the array, enabling applications such as biosensing and nanolasing. In most cases such periodic nanostructures are created via top-down nanofabrication processes. Here we describe a capillary-force-assisted particle assembly method (CAPA) to assemble monodisperse single-crystal colloidal Ag cuboctahedra into nearly defect-free >1 cm2 hexagonal lattices. These arrays are large enough to be measured with conventional ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, which revealed an extinction peak with a Q-factor of 30 at orthogonal illumination and up to 80 at oblique illumination angles. We explain how the experimental extinction changes with different light polarizations and angles of incidence, and compare the evolution of the peaks with computational models based on the coupled dipole approximation and the finite element method. These arrays can support high Q-factors even when exposed to air, because of the high aspect ratio of the single-crystal nanoparticles. The observation of SLRs in a self-assembled system demonstrates that a high level of long-range positional control can be achieved at the single-particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Juodėnas
- Institute of Materials Science , Kaunas University of Technology , K. Baršausko St. 59 , Kaunas LT-51423 , Lithuania
| | - Tomas Tamulevičius
- Institute of Materials Science , Kaunas University of Technology , K. Baršausko St. 59 , Kaunas LT-51423 , Lithuania
- Department of Physics , Kaunas University of Technology , Studentų St. 50 , Kaunas LT-51368 , Lithuania
| | - Joel Henzie
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Donats Erts
- Institute of Chemical Physics , University of Latvia , 19 Raina Blvd. , Riga LV-1586 , Latvia
| | - Sigitas Tamulevičius
- Institute of Materials Science , Kaunas University of Technology , K. Baršausko St. 59 , Kaunas LT-51423 , Lithuania
- Department of Physics , Kaunas University of Technology , Studentų St. 50 , Kaunas LT-51368 , Lithuania
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43
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Li H, Li JH, Hong KB, Yu MW, Chung YC, Hsu CY, Yang JH, Cheng CW, Huang ZT, Chen KP, Lin TR, Gwo S, Lu TC. Plasmonic Nanolasers Enhanced by Hybrid Graphene-Insulator-Metal Structures. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5017-5024. [PMID: 31268338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) structure that creates a linear relationship between energy and momentum that not only forms massless Dirac fermions with extremely high group velocity but also exhibits a broadband transmission from 300 to 2500 nm that can be applied to many optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells, light-emitting devices, touchscreens, ultrafast photodetectors, and lasers. Although the plasmonic resonance of graphene occurs in the terahertz band, graphene can be combined with a noble metal to provide a versatile platform for supporting surface plasmon waves. In this study, we propose a hybrid graphene-insulator-metal (GIM) structure that can modulate the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) dispersion characteristics and thus influence the performance of plasmonic nanolasers. Compared with values obtained when graphene is not used on an Al template, the propagation length of SPP waves can be increased 2-fold, and the threshold of nanolasers is reduced by 50% when graphene is incorporated on the template. The GIM structure can be further applied in the future to realize electrical control or electrical injection of plasmonic devices through graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Jhu-Hong Li
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Bin Hong
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Min-Wen Yu
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics , National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 71150 , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chung
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Hong Yang
- Institute of Photonic System , National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 71150 , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Cheng
- Department of Physics , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Ting Huang
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Chen
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics , National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 71150 , Taiwan
| | - Tzy-Rong Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Department of Physics , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chang Lu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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44
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Gupta V, Probst PT, Goßler FR, Steiner AM, Schubert J, Brasse Y, König TAF, Fery A. Mechanotunable Surface Lattice Resonances in the Visible Optical Range by Soft Lithography Templates and Directed Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28189-28196. [PMID: 31298836 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel colloidal self-assembly approach toward obtaining mechanically tunable, cost-efficient, and low-loss plasmonic nanostructures that show pronounced optical anisotropy upon mechanical deformation. Soft lithography and template-assisted colloidal self-assembly are used to fabricate a stretchable periodic square lattice of gold nanoparticles on macroscopic areas. We stress the impact of particle size distribution on the resulting optical properties. To this end, lattices of narrowly distributed particles (∼2% standard deviation in diameter) are compared with those composed of polydisperse ones (∼14% standard deviation). The enhanced particle quality sharpens the collective surface lattice resonances by 40% to achieve a full width at half-maximum as low as 16 nm. This high optical quality approaches the theoretical limit for this system, as revealed by electromagnetic simulations. One hundred stretching cycles demonstrate a reversible transformation from a square to a rectangular lattice, accompanied by polarization-dependent optical properties. On the basis of these findings we envisage the potential applications as strain sensors and mechanically tunable filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Gupta
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Patrick T Probst
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Fabian R Goßler
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Anja Maria Steiner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jonas Schubert
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yannic Brasse
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Tobias A F König
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
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45
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Knudson MP, Li R, Wang D, Wang W, Schaller RD, Odom TW. Polarization-Dependent Lasing Behavior from Low-Symmetry Nanocavity Arrays. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7435-7441. [PMID: 30938987 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports how geometric effects in low-symmetry plasmonic nanoparticle arrays can produce polarization-dependent lasing responses. We developed a scalable fabrication procedure to pattern rhombohedral arrays of aluminum anisotropic nanoparticles that support lattice plasmon modes from both first-order and second-order diffraction coupling. We found that nanoparticle shape can be used to engineer the spatial overlap between electromagnetic hot spots of different lattice modes and dye gain to support plasmonic lasing. The lasing behavior revealed that plasmon-exciton energy transfer depends on polarization, with stronger coupling and faster dynamics when the transition dipole moments of the excited gain are aligned with the electric field of the plasmon modes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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46
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Sánchez-García L, Ramírez MO, Solé RM, Carvajal JJ, Díaz F, Bausá LE. Plasmon-induced dual-wavelength operation in a Yb 3+ laser. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:14. [PMID: 30701073 PMCID: PMC6351591 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the functionalities of plasmon-assisted lasers is essential for emergent applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Here, we report on a novel ability of plasmonic structures to induce dual-wavelength lasing in the near-infrared region in a Yb3+ solid-state laser. By means of the effects of disordered plasmonic networks deposited on the surface of a Yb3+-doped nonlinear RTP crystal, room-temperature dual-wavelength lasing, with a frequency difference between the lines in the THz range, is realized. The dual-wavelength laser is produced by the simultaneous activation of two lasing channels, namely, an electronic- and a phonon-terminated laser transition. The latter is enabled by the out-of-plane field components that are generated by the plasmonic structures, which excite specific Raman modes. Additionally, multiline radiation at three different wavelengths is demonstrated in the visible spectral region via two self-frequency conversion processes, which occur in the vicinities of the plasmonic structures. The results demonstrate the potential of plasmonic nanostructures for inducing drastic modifications in the operational mode of a solid-state laser and hold promise for applications in a variety of fields, including multiplexing, precise spectroscopies, and THz radiation generation via a simple and cost-effective procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-García
- Deparment Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariola O. Ramírez
- Deparment Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Solé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament Química Física i Inorgànica, Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA) - EMaS, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan J. Carvajal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament Química Física i Inorgànica, Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA) - EMaS, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Díaz
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament Química Física i Inorgànica, Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA) - EMaS, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Luisa E. Bausá
- Deparment Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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47
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Hooper DC, Kuppe C, Wang D, Wang W, Guan J, Odom TW, Valev VK. Second Harmonic Spectroscopy of Surface Lattice Resonances. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:165-172. [PMID: 30525669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of their large figures of merit, surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in metal nanoparticle arrays are very promising for chemical and biomolecular sensing in both liquid and gas media. SLRs are sensitive to refractive index changes both near the surface of the nanoparticles (surface sensitivity) and in the volume between them (bulk sensitivity). Because of its intrinsic surface-sensitivity and a power law dependence on electric fields, second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy can improve upon both the surface and volume sensitivities of SLRs. In this report on SHG spectroscopy of plasmonic nanoparticles, we show that the SHG signal is greatly increased (up to 450 times) by the SLRs. We also demonstrate very narrow resonances in SHG intensity (∼5 nm fwhm). We illustrate how the SHG resonances are highly sensitive to SLRs by varying the fundamental wavelength, angle of incidence, nanoparticle material, and lattice constant of the arrays. Finally, we identify an SHG resonance (10 nm fwhm) that is electric dipole forbidden and can be attributed to higher-order multipoles, enhanced by the strong near-fields of SLRs. Our results open up new and very promising avenues for chemical and biomolecular sensing based on SHG spectroscopy of SLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hooper
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 4JY , U.K
| | - Christian Kuppe
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 4JY , U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Ventsislav K Valev
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 4JY , U.K
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48
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Ma RM, Oulton RF. Applications of nanolasers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:12-22. [PMID: 30559486 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanolasers generate coherent light at the nanoscale. In the past decade, they have attracted intense interest, because they are more compact, faster and more power-efficient than conventional lasers. Thanks to these capabilities, nanolasers are now an emergent tool for a variety of practical applications. In this Review, we explain the intrinsic merits of nanolasers and assess recent progress on their applications, particularly for optical interconnects, near-field spectroscopy and sensing, optical probing for biological systems and far-field beam synthesis through near-field eigenmode engineering. We highlight the scientific and engineering challenges that remain for forging nanolasers into powerful tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
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49
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Wang S, Chen HZ, Ma RM. High Performance Plasmonic Nanolasers with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 10. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7942-7948. [PMID: 30422664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers break the diffraction limit for an optical oscillator, which brings new capabilities for various applications ranging from on-chip optical interconnector to biomedical sensing and imaging. However, the inevitably accompanied metallic absorption loss could convert the input power to heat rather than radiations, leading to undesired low external quantum efficiency and device degradation. To date, direct characterization of quantum efficiency of plasmonic nanolasers is still a forbidden task due to its near-field surface plasmon emissions, divergent emission profile, and the limited emission power. Here, we develop a method to characterize the external quantum efficiency of plasmonic nanolasers by synergizing experimental measurement and theoretical calculation. With systematical device optimization, we demonstrate high performance plasmonic nanolasers with external quantum efficiency exceeding 10% at room temperature. This work fills in a missing yet essential piece of key metrics of plasmonic nanolasers. The demonstrated high external quantum efficiency of plasmonic nanolasers not only clarifies the long-standing debate, but also endorses the exploration of them in various practical applications such as near-field spectroscopy and sensing, integrated optical interconnects, solid-state lighting, and free-space optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hua-Zhou Chen
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871 , China
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