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Kim M, Jeon J, Pierce K, Bukharina D, Choi W, Choi J, Nepal D, McConney ME, Bunning TJ, Tsukruk VV. Magneto-Responsive Chiral Optical Materials: Flow-Induced Twisting of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Patterned Magnetic Fields. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39235288 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic fields have been used to uniformly align the lyotropic chiral nematic (cholesteric) liquid crystalline (LC) phase of biopolymers to a global orientation and optical appearance. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast, weak and patterned magnetic field gradients can create a complex optical appearance with the variable spatial local organization of needle-like magnetically decorated cellulose nanocrystals. The formation of optically patterned thin films with left- and right-handed chiral and achiral regions is observed and related to local magnetic gradient-driven vortices during LC suspension flow. We trace the localized flow directions of the magnetically decorated nanocrystals during evaporation-induced assembly, demonstrating how competing evaporation and field-induced localized flow affect the twisted organization within magnetically induced vortices. The simulations suggested that localized twisting inversion originates from the interplay between the direction and strength of the local-depth-related magnetic gradients and the receding front through peripheral magnetic gaps. We propose that this finding will lead to magnetically patterned photonic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kellina Pierce
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Daria Bukharina
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Woosung Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jinyoung Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dhriti Nepal
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael E McConney
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Timothy J Bunning
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Gao J, Ouyang G, Zhou P, Shang P, Long H, Ji L, Qu Z, Guo M, Yang Y, Zhao F, Yin X, Ke Y, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Yan X, Liu M, Qiao Y, Song Y. Spatiotemporal-Dependent Confinement Effect of Bubble Swarms Enables a Fractal Hierarchical Assembly with Promoted Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18104-18116. [PMID: 38899355 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The submarine-confined bubble swarm is considered an important constraining environment for the early evolution of living matter due to the abundant gas/water interfaces it provides. Similarly, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the confinement effect in this particular scenario may also impact the origin, transfer, and amplification of chirality in organisms. Here, we explore the confinement effect on the chiral hierarchical assembly of the amphiphiles in the confined bubble array stabilized by the micropillar templates. Compared with the other confinement conditions, the assembly in the bubble scenario yields a fractal morphology and exhibits a unique level of the chiral degree, ordering, and orientation consistency, which can be attributed to the characteristic interfacial effects of the rapidly formed gas/water interfaces. Thus, molecules with a balanced amphiphilicity can be more favorable for the promotion. Not limited to the pure enantiomers, chiral amplification of the enantiomer-mixed assembly is observed only in the bubble scenario. Beyond the interfacial mechanism, the fast formation kinetics of the confined liquid bridges in the bubble scenario endows the assembly with the tunable hierarchical morphology when regulating the amphiphilicity, aggregates, and confined spaces. Furthermore, the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect of the fractal hierarchical assembly was systematically investigated, and a strategy based on photoisomerization was developed to efficiently modulate the CISS effect. This work provides insights into the robustness of confined bubble swarms in promoting a chiral hierarchical assembly and the potential applications of the resulting chiral hierarchical patterns in solid-state spintronic and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ouyang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Shang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Long
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lukang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Qu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongrui Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fenggui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yali Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Hao LT, Kim S, Lee M, Park SB, Koo JM, Jeon H, Park J, Oh DX. Next-generation all-organic composites: A sustainable successor to organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132129. [PMID: 38718994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This Review presents an overview of all-organic nanocomposites, a sustainable alternative to organic-inorganic hybrids. All-organic nanocomposites contain nanocellulose, nanochitin, and aramid nanofibers as highly rigid reinforcing fillers. They offer superior mechanical properties and lightweight characteristics suitable for diverse applications. The Review discusses various methods for preparing the organic nanofillers, including top-down and bottom-up approaches. It highlights in situ polymerization as the preferred method for incorporating these nanomaterials into polymer matrices to achieve homogeneous filler dispersion, a crucial factor for realizing desired performance. Furthermore, the Review explores several applications of all-organic nanocomposites in diverse fields including food packaging, performance-advantaged plastics, and electronic materials. Future research directions-developing sustainable production methods, expanding biomedical applications, and enhancing resistance against heat, chemicals, and radiation of all-organic nanocomposites to permit their use in extreme environments-are explored. This Review offers insights into the potential of all-organic nanocomposites to drive sustainable growth while meeting the demand for high-performance materials across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Tan Hao
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Pignon F, Guilbert E, Mandin S, Hengl N, Karrouch M, Jean B, Putaux JL, Gibaud T, Manneville S, Narayanan T. Orthotropic organization of a cellulose nanocrystal suspension realized via the combined action of frontal ultrafiltration and ultrasound as revealed by in situ SAXS. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:914-925. [PMID: 38219310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Rodlike cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit significant potential as building blocks for creating uniform, sustainable materials. However, a critical hurdle lies in the need to enhance existing or devise novel processing that provides improved control over the alignment and arrangement of CNCs across a wide spatial range. Specifically, the challenge is to achieve orthotropic organization in a single-step processing, which entails creating non-uniform CNC orientations to generate spatial variations in anisotropy. EXPERIMENTS A novel processing method combining frontal ultrafiltration (FU) and ultrasound (US) has been developed. A dedicated channel-cell was designed to simultaneously generate (1) a vertical acoustic force thanks to a vibrating blade at the top and (2) a transmembrane pressure force at the bottom. Time-resolved in situ small-angle X-ray scattering permitted to probe the dynamical structural organization/orientation of CNCs during the processing. FINDINGS For the first time, a typical three-layer orthotropic structure that resembles the articular cartilage organization was achieved in one step during the FU/US process: a first layer composed of CNCs having their director aligned parallel to the horizontal membrane surface, a second intermediate isotropic layer, and a third layer of CNCs with their director vertically oriented along the direction of US wave propagation direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Pignon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Emilie Guilbert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Mandin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Hengl
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed Karrouch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Jean
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Gibaud
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Sebastien Manneville
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
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5
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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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6
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Ferreira FV, Souza AG, Ajdary R, de Souza LP, Lopes JH, Correa DS, Siqueira G, Barud HS, Rosa DDS, Mattoso LH, Rojas OJ. Nanocellulose-based porous materials: Regulation and pathway to commercialization in regenerative medicine. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:151-176. [PMID: 37502678 PMCID: PMC10368849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the recent progress that have led to the development of porous materials based on cellulose nanostructures found in plants and other resources. In light of the properties that emerge from the chemistry, shape and structural control, we discuss some of the most promising uses of a plant-based material, nanocellulose, in regenerative medicine. Following a brief discussion about the fundamental aspects of self-assembly of nanocellulose precursors, we review the key strategies needed for material synthesis and to adjust the architecture of the materials (using three-dimensional printing, freeze-casted porous materials, and electrospinning) according to their uses in tissue engineering, artificial organs, controlled drug delivery and wound healing systems, among others. For this purpose, we map the structure-property-function relationships of nanocellulose-based porous materials and examine the course of actions that are required to translate innovation from the laboratory to industry. Such efforts require attention to regulatory aspects and market pull. Finally, the key challenges and opportunities in this nascent field are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V. Ferreira
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Alana G. Souza
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Lucas P. de Souza
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - João H. Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Sciences (IEF), Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hernane S. Barud
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Derval dos S. Rosa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Luiz H.C. Mattoso
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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7
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Ackroyd AJ, De Paolis A, Xu YT, Momeni A, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals confined to square capillaries. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14388-14398. [PMID: 37609826 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02650g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems exploit restricted degrees of freedom to drive self-assembly of nano- and microarchitectures. Simplified systems, such as colloidal nanoparticles that behave as lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases in confined geometric spaces, may be used to mimic biological structures. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are colloidally stable nanoparticles that self-assemble into chiral nematic (ChN) liquid crystalline mesophases. To date, the self-assembly of ChN mesophases of CNCs has been studied under confinement conditions within curved surfaces or under drying conditions that impose curvatures that can be exploited to control ChN ordering; however, their self-assembly has not been investigated in geometries with square cross-sections under static conditions. Here, we show that because of surface anchoring on perpendicular surfaces, the ChN CNC phase is unable to bend with the 90° angle of the square capillary under increasing confinement. Instead, the ChN phase forms radial layers in the shape of concentric squircle shells. With increasing layer distance from the capillary wall, the squircles transition into concentric cylinder shells. In larger capillaries, the radial shell layers appear as a continuous spiral pattern that engulfs fragmented ChN pseudolayers, a defect to accommodate the cylindrical confinement of the mesophase. These results are useful for understanding the fundamentals of self-assembling systems and development of new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Ackroyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Adam De Paolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Yi-Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Arash Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- UBC BioProducts Institute, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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8
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Wang Q, Niu W, Feng S, Liu J, Liu H, Zhu Q. Accelerating Cellulose Nanocrystal Assembly into Chiral Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37464327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions self-assembled into chiral nematic liquid crystals. This property has enabled the development of versatile optical materials with fascinating properties. Nevertheless, the scale-up production and commercial success of chiral nematic CNC superstructures face significant challenges. Fabrication of chiral nematic CNC nanostructures suffers from a ubiquitous pernicious trade-off between uniform chiral nematic structure and rapid self-assembly. Specifically, the chiral nematic assembly of CNCs is a time-consuming, spontaneous process that involves the organization of particles into ordered nanostructures as the solvent evaporates. This review is driven by the interest in accelerating chiral nematic CNC assembly and promoting a long-range oriented chiral nematic CNC superstructure. To start this review, the chirality origins of CNC and CNC aggregates are analyzed. This is followed by a summary of the recent advances in stimuli-accelerated chiral nematic CNC self-assembly procedures, including evaporation-induced self-assembly, continuous coating, vacuum-assisted self-assembly, and shear-induced CNC assembly under confinement. In particular, stimuli-induced unwinding, alignment, and relaxation of chiral nematic structures were highlighted, offering a significant link between the accelerated assembly approaches and uniform chiral nematic nanostructures. Ultimately, future opportunities and challenges for rapid chiral nematic CNC assembly are discussed for more innovative and exciting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wen Niu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shixuan Feng
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Quantum and Sustainable Technology (IQST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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9
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Abbasi Moud A, Abbasi Moud A. Flow and assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC): A bottom-up perspective - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123391. [PMID: 36716841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic sources, such as lignocellulose-rich biomass, can be mechanically or acid degraded to produce inclusions called cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). They have several uses in the sectors of biomedicine, photonics, and material engineering because of their biodegradability, renewability, sustainability, and mechanical qualities. The processing and design of CNC-based products are inextricably linked to the rheological behaviour of CNC suspension or in combination with other chemicals, such as surfactants or polymers; in this context, rheology offers a significant link between microstructure and macro scale flow behaviour that is intricately linked to material response in applications. The flow behaviour of CNC items must be properly specified in order to produce goods with value-added characteristics. In this review article, we provide new research on the shear rheology of CNC dispersion and CNC-based hydrogels in the linear and nonlinear regime, with storage modulus values reported to range from ~10-3 to 103 Pa. Applications in technology and material science are also covered simultaneously. We carefully examined the effects of charge density, aspect ratio, concentration, persistence length, alignment, liquid crystal formation, the cause of chirality in CNCs, interfacial behaviour and interfacial rheology, linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity of CNC suspension in bulk and at the interface using the currently available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Department, AmirKabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875/4413, PC36+P45 District 6, Tehran, Tehran Province 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Aliyeh Abbasi Moud
- Biomedical Engineering Department, AmirKabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875/4413, PC36+P45 District 6, Tehran, Tehran Province 1591634311, Iran
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10
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Nepal D, Kang S, Adstedt KM, Kanhaiya K, Bockstaller MR, Brinson LC, Buehler MJ, Coveney PV, Dayal K, El-Awady JA, Henderson LC, Kaplan DL, Keten S, Kotov NA, Schatz GC, Vignolini S, Vollrath F, Wang Y, Yakobson BI, Tsukruk VV, Heinz H. Hierarchically structured bioinspired nanocomposites. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:18-35. [PMID: 36446962 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation structural materials are expected to be lightweight, high-strength and tough composites with embedded functionalities to sense, adapt, self-repair, morph and restore. This Review highlights recent developments and concepts in bioinspired nanocomposites, emphasizing tailoring of the architecture, interphases and confinement to achieve dynamic and synergetic responses. We highlight cornerstone examples from natural materials with unique mechanical property combinations based on relatively simple building blocks produced in aqueous environments under ambient conditions. A particular focus is on structural hierarchies across multiple length scales to achieve multifunctionality and robustness. We further discuss recent advances, trends and emerging opportunities for combining biological and synthetic components, state-of-the-art characterization and modelling approaches to assess the physical principles underlying nature-inspired design and mechanical responses at multiple length scales. These multidisciplinary approaches promote the synergetic enhancement of individual materials properties and an improved predictive and prescriptive design of the next era of structural materials at multilength scales for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Nepal
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
| | - Saewon Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katarina M Adstedt
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krishan Kanhaiya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L Catherine Brinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter V Coveney
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaushik Dayal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaafar A El-Awady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yusu Wang
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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11
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Zhang X, Kang S, Adstedt K, Kim M, Xiong R, Yu J, Chen X, Zhao X, Ye C, Tsukruk VV. Uniformly aligned flexible magnetic films from bacterial nanocelluloses for fast actuating optical materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5804. [PMID: 36192544 PMCID: PMC9530119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally derived biopolymers have attracted great interest to construct photonic materials with multi-scale ordering, adaptive birefringence, chiral organization, actuation and robustness. Nevertheless, traditional processing commonly results in non-uniform organization across large-scale areas. Here, we report magnetically steerable uniform biophotonic organization of cellulose nanocrystals decorated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles with strong magnetic susceptibility, enabling transformation from helicoidal cholesteric (chiral nematic) to uniaxial nematic phase with near-perfect orientation order parameter of 0.98 across large areas. We demonstrate that magnetically triggered high shearing rate of circular flow exceeds those for conventional evaporation-based assembly by two orders of magnitude. This high rate shearing facilitates unconventional unidirectional orientation of nanocrystals along gradient magnetic field and untwisting helical organization. These translucent magnetic films are flexible, robust, and possess anisotropic birefringence and light scattering combined with relatively high optical transparency reaching 75%. Enhanced mechanical robustness and uniform organization facilitate fast, multimodal, and repeatable actuation in response to magnetic field, humidity variation, and light illumination. Naturally derived biopolymers attracted great interest to construct photonic materials but traditional processing commonly results in non-uniform organization across largescale areas. Here, the authors report a uniform biophotonic organization of cellulose nanocrystals decorated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles enabling transformation from helicoidal cholesteric to uniaxial nematic phase with near-perfect orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Saewon Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Katarina Adstedt
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Juan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Xinran Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xulin Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chunhong Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA.
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12
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Wang H, Shao R, Meng X, He Y, Shi Z, Guo Z, Ye C. Programmable Birefringent Patterns from Modulating the Localized Orientation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36277-36286. [PMID: 35916232 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Birefringence has been attracting broad attention due to its strong potential for applications in biomedicine and optics, such as biomedical diagnosis, colorimetric sensing, retardant, and polarization encoding. However, engineering architectures with precisely controllable birefringence remains a challenge due to the lack of effective modulation of the localized orientation. Here, by taking advantage of the inherently one-dimensional (1D) anisotropic structure of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), we demonstrate an approach to tune the alignment of CNCs with a well-controllable orientation at localized preciseness, which is in contrast to the previously reported unidirectional/radical orientation of CNC-based birefringent structures. The localized modulation of CNC orientation is facilitated by directing the 1D nanocrystals to align along the template periphery and the migrated three-phase contact line during the evaporation. The resultant CNC films exhibit birefringent extinction patterns under polarized light, in which versatile pattern designs can be obtained by employing templates with different shapes and template arrays with varied layouts. Due to the locally modulated orientation of CNCs, the films indicate "kaleidoscope-like" dynamically transformable designs of the birefringent patterns depending on the polarized angle, which has barely been observed previously. Furthermore, an N-nary encoding system for abundant information storage is demonstrated based on the sunlight-transparent CNC films, but with visible extinction patterns under polarized light, which is promising for encryptions, anticounterfeiting, and imaging, enriching the attractive research area of bio-based photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rongrong Shao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yisheng He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhaojie Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chunhong Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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13
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Momeni A, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Using rotation to organize cellulose nanocrystals inside a fiber. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7613-7620. [PMID: 35545099 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time that continuous rotation of a mixture of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and monomer in a capillary tube results in well-organized structures. In the experiments, a capillary tube charged with an aqueous suspension of CNCs and hydroxyethyl acrylate was continuously rotated, then the structure was fixed in place by UV-initiated polymerization. The organization of the liquid crystalline structure that forms inside the tube depends on the rotation conditions and is captured in the polymer resin. The effects of rotation speed, rotation angle and CNC concentration were evaluated and are discussed based on fluid dynamic models. We demonstrate that it is possible to develop a core-shell fiber through this technique based on secondary Dean flow. The outer shell of the fiber shows well-ordered concentric rings with chiral nematic structure, while the inner core remains isotropic. Such fibers have potential applications in the field of optics. Overall, we demonstrate that rotation could be applied as a novel method to organize liquid crystals in a confined environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- UBC BioProducts Institute, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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14
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Lin M, Singh Raghuwanshi V, Browne C, Simon GP, Garnier G. Modulating the chiral nanoarchitecture of cellulose nanocrystals through interaction with salts and polymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:207-217. [PMID: 35033766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The conditions to allow self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions into chiral nematic structures are based on aspect ratio, surface charge density and a balance between repulsive and attractive forces between CNC particles. EXPERIMENTS Three types of systems were characterized in suspensions and subsequently in their solid dried films: 1) neat water dialyzed CNC, 2) CNC combined with polyethylene glycol(PEG) (CNC/PEG), and 3) CNC with added salt (CNC/Salt). All suspensions were characterized by polarized optical microscope (POM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), while the resultant dried films were analyzed by reflectance spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and SAXS. FINDINGS The presence of chiral nematic (CN*) structures was not observed in dialyzed aqueous suspensions of CNC during water evaporation. By introducing salts or a non-adsorbing polymer, chirality was apparent in both suspensions and films. The interaxial angle between CNC rods increased when the suspensions of CNC/PEG and CNC/salt were dried to solid films. The angle was found to be dependent on both species of ions and ionic strength, while the inter-particle distance was only related to the salt concentration, as explained in terms of interaction energies. The CNC suspensions/film chirality can be modulated by controlling the colloidal forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqi Lin
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Vikram Singh Raghuwanshi
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christine Browne
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - George P Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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15
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Emerging Developments on Nanocellulose as Liquid Crystals: A Biomimetic Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081546. [PMID: 35458295 PMCID: PMC9025541 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetics is the field of obtaining ideas from nature that can be applied in science, engineering, and medicine. The usefulness of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and their excellent characteristics in biomimetic applications are exciting and promising areas of present and future research. CNCs are bio-based nanostructured material that can be isolated from several natural biomasses. The CNCs are one-dimensional with a high aspect ratio. They possess high crystalline order and high chirality when they are allowed to assemble in concentrated dispersions. Recent studies have demonstrated that CNCs possess remarkable optical and chemical properties that can be used to fabricate liquid crystals. Research is present in the early stage to develop CNC-based solvent-free liquid crystals that behave like both crystalline solids and liquids and exhibit the phenomenon of birefringence in anisotropic media. All these characteristics are beneficial for several biomimetic applications. Moreover, the films of CNC show the property of iridescent colors, making it suitable for photonic applications in various devices, such as electro-optical devices and flat panel displays.
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16
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Atifi S, Mirvakili MN, Williams CA, Bay MM, Vignolini S, Hamad WY. Fast Self-Assembly of Scalable Photonic Cellulose Nanocrystals and Hybrid Films via Electrophoresis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109170. [PMID: 35076132 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nano-enabled, bio-based, functional materials are key for the transition to a sustainable society as they can be used, owing to both their performance and nontoxicity, to gradually replace existing nonrenewable engineering materials. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), produced by acid hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass, have been shown to possess distinct self-assembly, optical, and electromechanical properties, and are anticipated to play an important role in the fabrication of photonic, optoelectronic, and functional hybrid materials. To facilitate CNCs' technological viability, a method suitable for industrial exploitation is developed to produce photonic films possessing long-range chirality on conductive, rigid, or flexible, substrates within a few minutes. The approach is based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD)-induced self-assembly of CNCs, where photonic films of any size can be produced by controlling CNC surface properties and EPD parameters. CNC film coloration can be determined by the CNC aqueous suspension characteristics, while their reflected intensity can be tuned by changing the duration and number of electrodeposition cycles. EPD-induced self-assembly of CNCs is compatible with in situ reduction of gold precursors without the need to use additional reducing agents (some of which are considered toxic), thereby allowing the preparation of hybrid photonic films with tunable plasmonic response in a one-pot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Atifi
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mehr-Negar Mirvakili
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cyan A Williams
- Bio-inspired Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mélanie M Bay
- Bio-inspired Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Bio-inspired Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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17
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Kim M, Pierce K, Krecker M, Bukharina D, Adstedt K, Nepal D, Bunning T, Tsukruk VV. Monolithic Chiral Nematic Organization of Cellulose Nanocrystals under Capillary Confinement. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19418-19429. [PMID: 34874720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate bioenabled crack-free chiral nematic films prepared via a unidirectional flow of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the capillary confinement. To facilitate the uniform long-range nanocrystal organization during drying, we utilized tunicate-inspired hydrogen-bonding-rich 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride (TOPA) for physical cross-linking of nanocrystals with enhanced hydrogen bonding and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a relaxer of internal stresses in the vicinity of the capillary surface. The CNC/TOPA/PEG film is organized as a left-handed chiral structure parallel to flat walls, and the inner volume of the films displayed transitional herringbone organization across the interfacial region. The resulting thin films also exhibit high mechanical performance compared to brittle films with multiple cracks commonly observed for capillary-formed pure CNC films. The chiral nematic ordering of modified TOPA-PEG-CNC material propagates through the entire thickness of robust monolithic films and across centimeter-sized surface areas, facilitating consistent, vivid iridescence, and enhanced circular polarization. The best performance that prevents the cracks was achieved for a CNC/TOPA/PEG film with a minimal, 3% amount of TOPA. Overall, we suggest that intercalation of small highly adhesive molecules to cellulose nanocrystal-polymer matrices can facilitate uniform flow of liquid crystal phase and drying inside the capillary, resulting in improvement of the ultimate tensile strength and toughness (77% and 100% increase, respectively) with controlled uniform optical reflection and enhanced circular polarization unachievable during regular drying conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kellina Pierce
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michelle Krecker
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Daria Bukharina
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Katarina Adstedt
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dhriti Nepal
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Timothy Bunning
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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18
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19
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Tardy BL, Mattos BD, Otoni CG, Beaumont M, Majoinen J, Kämäräinen T, Rojas OJ. Deconstruction and Reassembly of Renewable Polymers and Biocolloids into Next Generation Structured Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14088-14188. [PMID: 34415732 PMCID: PMC8630709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the most recent developments in supramolecular and supraparticle structures obtained from natural, renewable biopolymers as well as their disassembly and reassembly into engineered materials. We introduce the main interactions that control bottom-up synthesis and top-down design at different length scales, highlighting the promise of natural biopolymers and associated building blocks. The latter have become main actors in the recent surge of the scientific and patent literature related to the subject. Such developments make prominent use of multicomponent and hierarchical polymeric assemblies and structures that contain polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin, and others), polyphenols (lignins, tannins), and proteins (soy, whey, silk, and other proteins). We offer a comprehensive discussion about the interactions that exist in their native architectures (including multicomponent and composite forms), the chemical modification of polysaccharides and their deconstruction into high axial aspect nanofibers and nanorods. We reflect on the availability and suitability of the latter types of building blocks to enable superstructures and colloidal associations. As far as processing, we describe the most relevant transitions, from the solution to the gel state and the routes that can be used to arrive to consolidated materials with prescribed properties. We highlight the implementation of supramolecular and superstructures in different technological fields that exploit the synergies exhibited by renewable polymers and biocolloids integrated in structured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Bruno D. Mattos
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Caio G. Otoni
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Federal University
of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marco Beaumont
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University
of Technology, 2 George
Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Majoinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tero Kämäräinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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20
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Shao R, Meng X, Shi Z, Zhong J, Cai Z, Hu J, Wang X, Chen G, Gao S, Song Y, Ye C. Marangoni Flow Manipulated Concentric Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100690. [PMID: 34927964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tunable assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is important for a variety of emerging applications in optics, sensing, and security. Most exploited assembly and optical property of CNCs are cholesteric assembly and corresponding circular dichroism. However, it still remains challenge to obtain homogenous and high-resolution cholesteric assembly. Distinct assembly and optical property of CNCs are highly demanded for advanced photonic materials with novel functions. Herein, a facile and programmable approach for assembling CNCs into a novel concentric alignment using capillary flow and Marangoni effect, which is in strike contrast to conventional cholesteric assembly, is demonstrated. The concentric assembly, as quantitatively evidenced by polarized synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared imaging, demonstrates Maltese cross optical pattern with good uniformity and high resolution. Furthermore, this Maltese cross can be readily regulated to "on/off" states by temperature. By combining with 3D inkjet technology, a functional binary system composed of "on"/"off" CNCs optical patterns with high spatial resolution, fast printing speed, good repeatability, and precisely controllable optical property is established for information encryption and decryption. This concentric assembly of CNCs and corresponding tunable optical property emerge as a promising candidate for information security, anticounterfeiting technology, and advanced optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Shao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhaojie Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiajia Zhong
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zheren Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junhao Hu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunhong Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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21
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Momeni A, Walters CM, Xu YT, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Concentric chiral nematic polymeric fibers from cellulose nanocrystals. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5111-5121. [PMID: 36132352 PMCID: PMC9416860 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00425e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical biological materials, such as osteons and plant cell walls, are complex structures that are difficult to mimic. Here, we combine liquid crystal systems and polymerization techniques within confined systems to develop complex structures. A single-domain concentric chiral nematic polymeric fiber was obtained by confining cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and hydroxyethyl acrylate inside a capillary tube followed by UV-initiated polymerization. The concentric chiral nematic structure continues uniformly throughout the length of the fiber. The pitch of the chiral nematic structure could be controlled by changing the CNC concentration. We tracked the formation of the concentric structure over time and under different conditions with variation of the tube orientation, CNC concentration, CNC type, and capillary tube size. We show that the inner radius of the capillary tube is important and a single-domain structure was only obtained inside small-diameter tubes. At low CNC concentration, the concentric chiral nematic structure did not completely cover the cross-section of the fiber. The highly ordered structure was studied using imaging techniques and X-ray diffraction, and the mechanical properties and structure of the chiral nematic fiber were compared to a pseudo-nematic fiber. CNC polymeric fibers could become a platform for many applications from photonics to complex hierarchical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Christopher M Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Yi-Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations 2665 East Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute 2355 East Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- UBC BioProducts Institute 2385 East Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
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22
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Prince E, Wang Y, Smalyukh II, Kumacheva E. Cylindrical Confinement of Nanocolloidal Cholesteric Liquid Crystal. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8243-8250. [PMID: 34259528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The organization of nanocolloidal liquid crystals in constrained geometries has fundamental and practical importance, since under confinement, liquid crystals contain stable topological defects that can serve as templates for nanoparticle organization. Three-dimensional confinement of cholesteric (Ch) liquid crystals formed by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been extensively studied; however, their two-dimensional confinement remains under-investigated. Here, we report the results of systematic experimental studies of two-dimensional confinement of Ch-CNC liquid crystal in cylindrical capillaries with varying inner diameters. Confinement resulted in phase separation of the Ch-CNC liquid crystal into a Ch shell formed by concentric CNC pseudolayers with the helicoidal axis perpendicular to the inner surface of the capillary walls, and a micrometer-diameter isotropic core thread running parallel to the long axis of the capillary. The morphology of the confined Ch-CNC liquid crystal varied when progressively increasing the degree confinement. Finally, we show that phase separation of the Ch-CNC liquid crystal into a Ch shell and an isotropic core is preserved in flexible capillary tubing, suggesting the applicability of this system for the fabrication of flexible optical waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Prince
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yongliang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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23
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Wang X, Xu D, Jaquet B, Yang Y, Wang J, Huang H, Chen Y, Gerhard C, Zhang K. Structural Colors by Synergistic Birefringence and Surface Plasmon Resonance. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16832-16839. [PMID: 33290653 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional nanomaterials including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and gold nanorods (GNRs) are widely used in optical materials due to their respective inherent features: birefringence with accompanying light retardation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Herein, we successfully combine these properties of both nanorods to generate synergistic and readily tunable structural colors in hybrid composite polymer films. CNCs and GNRs are embedded either in the same or in separate films after unidirectional alignment in dynamic hydrogels. By synergistically leveraging CNCs and GNRs with diverse amounts in hybrid films or stacked separate films, wide-ranging structural colors are obtained, far beyond those from films solely with aligned CNCs or GNRs. Higher GNR contents enhance light absorption at 520 nm with promoted magenta colors, while more CNCs affect the overall phase retardation with light absorption between 400 and 700 nm between crossed polarizers. Moreover, adjusting the angles between films solely with CNCs or GNRs via a stacking/rotating technique successively manipulates colors with flexible film combinations. By rotating the films with aligned GNRs (0-180°), light absorption can traverse from ∼500 to 650 nm. Thus, tuning the adjustable synergism of birefringence of CNCs and SPR of GNRs provides great potential for structural colors, which enlightens inspirations for designing functional optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dan Xu
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bea Jaquet
- Faculty of Engineering and Health, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Von-Ossietzky-Straße 99, 37085 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiu Wang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heqin Huang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Christoph Gerhard
- Faculty of Engineering and Health, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Von-Ossietzky-Straße 99, 37085 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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24
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Zhu B, Johansen VE, Kamita G, Guidetti G, Bay M, Parton TG, Frka-Petesic B, Vignolini S. Hyperspectral Imaging of Photonic Cellulose Nanocrystal Films: Structure of Local Defects and Implications for Self-Assembly Pathways. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15361-15373. [PMID: 33090776 PMCID: PMC7690050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can spontaneously assemble into chiral nematic films capable of reflecting circularly polarized light in the visible range. As many other photonic materials obtained by bottom-up approaches, CNC films often display defects that greatly impact their visual appearance. Here, we study the optical response of defects in photonic CNC films, coupling optical microscopy with hyperspectral imaging, and we compare it to optical simulations of discontinuous cholesteric structures of increasing complexity. Cross-sectional SEM observations of the film structure guided the choice of simulation parameters and showed excellent agreement with experimental optical patterns. More importantly, it strongly suggests that the last fraction of CNCs to self-assemble, upon solvent evaporation, does not undergo the typical nucleation and growth pathway, but a spinodal decomposition, an alternative self-assembly pathway so far overlooked in cast films and that can have far-reaching consequences on choices of CNC sources and assembly conditions.
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25
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Origin of vacuum-assisted chiral self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Chen T, Zhao Q, Meng X, Li Y, Peng H, Whittaker AK, Zhu S. Ultrasensitive Magnetic Tuning of Optical Properties of Films of Cholesteric Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9440-9448. [PMID: 32574040 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral photonic crystals derived from the self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have found important applications in optical devices due to the capacity to adjust the chiral nematic phase under external stimulus, in particular an applied magnetic field. To date, strong magnetic fields have been required to induce an optical response in CNC films. In this work, the self-assembly of films of CNCs can be tuned by applying an ultrasmall magnetic field. The CNCs, decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CNCs), were dispersed in suspensions of neat CNCs so as to alter the magnetic response of the CNCs. A subsequent process of dispersion not only prevents the clumping of the magnetic nanoparticles but also enhances the sensitivity to an applied magnetic field. A small magnetic field of 7 mT can tune the self-assembly and the microstructure of the CNCs. The pitch of the chiral structure decreased with an increase in applied magnetic field, from 302 to 206 nm, for fields from 7 to 15 mT. This phenomenon is opposite that observed for neat CNCs, in which the pitch is observed to increase with an increase in the external magnetic strength. The optical response under application of an ultrasmall magnetic field could help with theoretical research and enable more applications, such as sensors or nanotemplating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shenmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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27
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Xiong R, Singh A, Yu S, Zhang S, Lee H, Yingling YG, Nepal D, Bunning TJ, Tsukruk VV. Co-assembling Polysaccharide Nanocrystals and Nanofibers for Robust Chiral Iridescent Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35345-35353. [PMID: 32640788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assembling robust chiral biopolymer structures without compromising vivid optical iridescence is a grand challenge for biocomposite materials. Herein, we report a hierarchical nanocellulose nanostructure with a helicoidal organization co-assembled from chiral rigid cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and longer nanofibers isolated from the hydrolyzed wood pulp. This resulting highly iridescent chiral nanocellulose material is much tougher than traditional chiral CNC films. We found that the mixed nanocellulose are composed of needle-like nanocrystals and very long (up to 800 nm) flexible cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Large-scale molecular simulation indicates that enhanced dynamic hydrogen bonding with labile networking facilitates mechanical reinforcement, owing to increased nanocrystal length, the co-assembly of nanofibrils in mixed bundles, and interchain entanglements. This study provides a novel strategy to transform the wood pulp residues into high-value-added photonic-bound polysaccharide materials. These hierarchical biomaterials can overcome the conflicting trends in designing balanced mechanical and optical performance of chiral biofilms and their conversion to robust chiral photonic materials with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Shengtao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Shuaidi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Hansol Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Dhriti Nepal
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Timothy J Bunning
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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28
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Garg M, Linares M, Zozoulenko I. Theoretical Rationalization of Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Effect of Surface Modifications and Counterions. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3069-3080. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Garg
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
- Scientific Visualization Group, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
- Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC), Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
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29
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Spiliopoulos P, Solala I, Pääkkönen T, Seitsonen J, van Bochove B, Seppälä JV, Kontturi E. Native Structure of the Plant Cell Wall Utilized for Top-Down Assembly of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals into Micrometer-Sized Nanoporous Particles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000201. [PMID: 32613701 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite their sustainable appeal, biomass components are currently undervalued in nanotechnology because means to control the assembly of bio-based nanoparticles are lagging behind the synthetic counterparts. Here, micrometer-sized particles consisting of aligned cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are prepared by crosslinking cellulose in cotton linter fibers that are prehydrolyzed with gaseous HCl, resulting in chemical cleavage necessary for CNC formation but retaining the morphology of the native fibers. That way, the intrinsic alignment of cellulose microfibrils within the fiber cell wall can be retained and utilized for top-down CNC alignment. Subsequent crosslinking with citric acid cements the alignment and preserves it, following the dispersion of CNCs trapped end-to-end, connected, and crosslinked within the colloidally stable micrometer-sized particles. Furthermore, thermoporosimetry and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo TEM) shows that the particles possess mainly nanoporous (<2 nm) character in water. The approach challenges the current paradigm of predominantly bottom-up methods for nanoparticle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Spiliopoulos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Iina Solala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Timo Pääkkönen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Jani Seitsonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P. O. Box 15100, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Bas van Bochove
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Jukka V Seppälä
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
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30
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Frka-Petesic B, Kelly JA. Retrieving the Coassembly Pathway of Composite Cellulose Nanocrystal Photonic Films from their Angular Optical Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906889. [PMID: 32249481 PMCID: PMC7116217 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are known to self-assemble into a chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase, leading to solid-state nanostructured colored films upon solvent evaporation, even in the presence of templating agents. The angular optical response of these structures, and therefore their visual appearance, are completely determined by the spatial arrangement of the CNCs when the drying suspension undergoes a transition from a flowing and liquid crystalline state to a kinetically arrested state. Here, it is demonstrated how the angular response of the final film allows for retrieval of key physical properties and the chemical composition of the suspension at the onset of the kinetic arrest, thus capturing a snapshot of the past. To illustrate this methodology, a dynamically evolving sol-gel coassembly process is investigated by adding various amounts of organosilica precursor, namely, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane. The influence of organosilica condensation on the kinetic arrest can be tracked and thus explains the angular response of the resulting films. The a posteriori and in situ approach is general; it can be applied to a variety of additives in CNC-based films and it allows access to key rheological information of the suspension without using any dedicated rheological technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Joel A. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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31
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Ganguly K, Patel DK, Dutta SD, Shin WC, Lim KT. Stimuli-responsive self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs): Structures, functions, and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:456-469. [PMID: 32222290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have received a significant amount of attention from the researchers. It is used as a nanomaterial for various applications due to its excellent physiochemical properties for the last few decades. Self-assembly is a phenomenon where autonomous reorganization of randomly oriented species occurs elegantly. Self-assembly is responsible for the formation of the hierarchical cholesteric structure of CNCs. This process is highly influenced by several factors, such as the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles, intermolecular forces, and the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Various conventional experimental designs and molecular dynamics (MD) studies have been applied to determine the possible mechanism of self-assembly in CNCs. Different external factors, like pH, temperature, magnetic/electric fields, vacuum, also influence the self-assembly process in CNCs. Notably, better responses have been observed in CNCs-grafted polymer nanocomposites. These functionalized CNCs with stimuli-responsive self-assembly have immense practical applications in modern biotechnology and medicine. Herein, we have concisely discussed the mechanism of the self-assembled CNCs in the presence of different external factors such as pH, temperature, electric/magnetic fields, and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chul Shin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Prathapan R, Tabor RF, Garnier G, Hu J. Recent Progress in Cellulose Nanocrystal Alignment and Its Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1828-1844. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ragesh Prathapan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Rico F. Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresources Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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33
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Zhang S, Cortes W, Sasaki T, Asahina S, Natsuko A, Zhang Q, Zhang Y. Mechanoresponsive Alignment of Molecular Self-Assembled Negatively Charged Nanofibrils. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1698-1704. [PMID: 35021658 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the mechanoresponsive orientation of actin filaments in cell, we introduce a design paradigm of synthetic molecular self-assembling fibrils that respond to external mechanical force by transforming from a macroscopically disorder state to a highly ordered uniaxial aligned state. The incorporation of aromatic-containing amino acids and negatively charged amino acids lead to self-assembly motifs that transform into uniform nanofibrils in acidic solution. Adjusting the pH level of aqueous solution introduces optimal negative charge to the surface of self-assembling nanofibrils inducing long-range electrostatic repulsion forming a nematic phase. Upon external mechanical force, nanofibrils align in the force direction. Via evaporation casting in capillary confinement, the solvated synthetic self-assembling nanofibrils transform into scalable lamellar domains. Adjusting capillary geometry and drying procedure offers further parameters for tuning the mesoscale alignment of nanofibrils generating a variety of interference colors. The design paradigm of mechanoresponsive alignment of self-assembled nanofibrils as an addition of nanofabrication techniques is potentially employable for realizing biomimetic optical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Zhang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - William Cortes
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Toshio Sasaki
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Asahina
- SM Application Group, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Asano Natsuko
- SM Application Group, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Qizheng Zhang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Ye Zhang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
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34
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Xiong R, Luan J, Kang S, Ye C, Singamaneni S, Tsukruk VV. Biopolymeric photonic structures: design, fabrication, and emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:983-1031. [PMID: 31960001 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs01007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological photonic structures can precisely control light propagation, scattering, and emission via hierarchical structures and diverse chemistry, enabling biophotonic applications for transparency, camouflaging, protection, mimicking and signaling. Corresponding natural polymers are promising building blocks for constructing synthetic multifunctional photonic structures owing to their renewability, biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, ambient processing conditions, and diverse surface chemistry. In this review, we provide a summary of the light phenomena in biophotonic structures found in nature, the selection of corresponding biopolymers for synthetic photonic structures, the fabrication strategies for flexible photonics, and corresponding emerging photonic-related applications. We introduce various photonic structures, including multi-layered, opal, and chiral structures, as well as photonic networks in contrast to traditionally considered light absorption and structural photonics. Next, we summarize the bottom-up and top-down fabrication approaches and physical properties of organized biopolymers and highlight the advantages of biopolymers as building blocks for realizing unique bioenabled photonic structures. Furthermore, we consider the integration of synthetic optically active nanocomponents into organized hierarchical biopolymer frameworks for added optical functionalities, such as enhanced iridescence and chiral photoluminescence. Finally, we present an outlook on current trends in biophotonic materials design and fabrication, including current issues, critical needs, as well as promising emerging photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA.
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Stimuli induced cellulose nanomaterials alignment and its emerging applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Huang X, Wang L, Zhao J, Liu C, Zhou F, Xu Z, Pei H. Fabrication and application of flexible rectangular microtubes. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1708104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhao
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanghao Zhou
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongbin Xu
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Pei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Xiong R, Yu S, Kang S, Adstedt KM, Nepal D, Bunning TJ, Tsukruk VV. Integration of Optical Surface Structures with Chiral Nanocellulose for Enhanced Chiroptical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905600. [PMID: 31773827 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The integration of chiral organization with photonic structures found in many living creatures enables unique chiral photonic structures with a combination of selective light reflection, light propagation, and circular dichroism. Inspired by these natural integrated nanostructures, hierarchical chiroptical systems that combine imprinted surface optical structures with the natural chiral organization of cellulose nanocrystals are fabricated. Different periodic photonic surface structures with rich diffraction phenomena, including various optical gratings and microlenses, are replicated into nanocellulose film surfaces over large areas. The resulting films with embedded optical elements exhibit vivid, controllable structural coloration combined with highly asymmetric broadband circular dichroism and a microfocusing capability not typically found in traditional photonic bioderived materials without compromising their mechanical strength. The strategy of imprinting surface optical structures onto chiral biomaterials facilitates a range of prospective photonic applications, including stereoscopic displays, polarization encoding, chiral polarizers, and colorimetric chiral biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Shengtao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Saewon Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Katarina M Adstedt
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Dhriti Nepal
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Timothy J Bunning
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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Fan XM, Yu HY, Wang DC, Yao J, Lin H, Tang CX, Tam KC. Designing Highly Luminescent Cellulose Nanocrystals with Modulated Morphology for Multifunctional Bioimaging Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48192-48201. [PMID: 31789013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spherical cellulose nanocrystals (SCNs) and rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals (RCNs) were extracted from different cellulose materials. The two shape forms of cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) were designed with a combination of isothiocyanate (FITC), and both the obtained FITC-SCNs and FITC-RCNs exhibited high fluorescence brightness. The surfaces of SCNs and RCNs were subjected to a secondary imino group by a Schiff reaction and then covalently bonded to the isothiocyanate group of FITC through a secondary imino group to obtain fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals (FITC-CNs). The absolute ζ-potential and dispersion stability of FITC-CNs (FITC-SCNs and FITC-RCNs) were improved, which also promoted the increase in the fluorescence quantum yield. FITC-RCNs had a fluorescence quantum yield of 30.7%, and FITC-SCNs had a morphological advantage (better dispersion, etc.), resulting in a higher fluorescence quantum yield of 35.9%. Cell cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that the process of FITC-CNs entering mouse osteoblasts (MC3T3) did not destroy the cell membrane, showing good biocompatibility. On the other hand, FITC-CNs with good dispersibility can significantly enhance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA); their mechanical properties were improved (the highest sample reached to 243%) and their fluorescent properties were imparted. This study provides a simple surface functionalization method to produce high-luminance fluorescent materials for bioimaging, multifunctional nanoenhancement/dispersion marking, and anticounterfeiting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Meng Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Hou-Yong Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo N2L 3G1 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Duan-Chao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Juming Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Haitao Lin
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering , Guangxi University of Science and Technology , Liuzhou 545006 , China
| | - Chun-Xia Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo N2L 3G1 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo N2L 3G1 , Ontario , Canada
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Xiong R, Yu S, Smith MJ, Zhou J, Krecker M, Zhang L, Nepal D, Bunning TJ, Tsukruk VV. Self-Assembly of Emissive Nanocellulose/Quantum Dot Nanostructures for Chiral Fluorescent Materials. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9074-9081. [PMID: 31381316 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chiral fluorescent materials with fluorescent nanoparticles assembled into a chiral structure represent a grand challenge. Here, we report self-assembled emissive needle-like nanostructures through decorating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with carbon quantum dots (CQDs). This assembly is facilitated by the heterogeneous amphiphilic interactions between natural and synthetic components. These emissive nanostructures can self-organize into chiral nematic solid-state materials with enhanced mechanical performance. The chiral CQD/CNC films demonstrate an intense iridescent appearance superimposed with enhanced luminescence that is significantly higher than that for CQD films and other reported CQD/CNC films. A characteristic fluorescent fingerprint signature is observed in the CQD/CNC film, proving the well-defined chiral organization of fluorescent nanostructures. The chiral organization of CQDs enables the solid CQD/CNC film to form a right-hand chiral fluorescence with an asymmetric factor of -0.2. Additionally, we developed chemical 2D printing and soft lithography patterning techniques to fabricate the freestanding chiral fluorescent patterns that combines mechanical intergrity and chiral nematic structure with light diffraction and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0245 , United States
| | - Shengtao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0245 , United States
| | - Marcus J Smith
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0245 , United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0245 , United States
| | - Michelle Krecker
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0245 , United States
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0245 , United States
| | - Dhriti Nepal
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Timothy J Bunning
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0245 , United States
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Wu X, Yuan Q, Liu S, Shi S, Russell TP, Wang D. Nanorod-Surfactant Assemblies and Their Interfacial Behavior at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:512-518. [PMID: 35619362 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial behavior of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) surfactants (CNCSs), formed by the interactions between CNCs dispersed in water and amine terminated polymer dissolved in oil, was investigated using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a function of pH and areal density of CNCSs. The AFM results show that the strength of the interactions between the CNCs and the ligands dictates the response of the CNCS assemblies to an applied compress whether the assemblies wrinkle or buckle or if the orientation of the CNCSs with respect to the interfaces is changed. AFM force curve measurements provide an alternative route to evaluate the interfacial tension and, more importantly, allow quantitative evaluation of the strength of interactions between the CNCs assembled at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Frka-Petesic B, Kamita G, Guidetti G, Vignolini S. The angular optical response of cellulose nanocrystal films explained by the distortion of the arrested suspension upon drying. PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS 2019; 3:045601. [PMID: 33225202 PMCID: PMC7116400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.045601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-sourced chiral nanorods that can form stable colloidal suspensions able to spontaneously assemble above a critical concentration into a cholesteric liquid crystal, with a cholesteric pitch usually in the micron range. When these suspensions are dried on a substrate, solid films with a pitch of the order of few hundreds of nanometers can be produced, leading to intense reflection in the visible range. However, the resulting cholesteric nanostructure is usually not homogeneous within a sample and comports important variations of the cholesteric domain orientation and pitch, which affect the photonic properties. In this work, we first propose a model accounting for the formation of the photonic structure from the vertical compression of the cholesteric suspension upon solvent evaporation, starting at the onset of the kinetic arrest of the drying suspension and ending when solvent evaporation is complete. From that assumption, various structural features of the films can be derived, such as the variation of the cholesteric pitch with the domain tilt, the orientation distribution density of the final cholesteric domains and the distortion of the helix from the unperturbed cholesteric case. The angular-resolved optical response of such films is then derived, including the iridescence and the generation of higher order reflection bands, and a simulation of the angular optical response is provided, including its tailoring under external magnetic fields. Second, we conducted an experimental investigation of CNC films covering a structural and optical analysis of the films. The macroscopic appearance of the films is discussed and complemented with angular-resolved optical spectroscopy, optical and electron microscopy, and our quantitative analysis shows an excellent agreement with the proposed model. This allows us to access the precise composition and the pitch of the suspension when it transited into a kinetically arrested phase directly from the optical analysis of the film. This work highlights the key role that the anisotropic compression of the kinetically arrested state plays in the formation of CNC films and is relevant to the broader case of structure formation in cast dispersions and colloidal self-assembly upon solvent evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Melville laboratory for polymer Synthesis, Chemistry dept., University of Cambridge
| | - Gen Kamita
- Melville laboratory for polymer Synthesis, Chemistry dept., University of Cambridge
| | - Giulia Guidetti
- Melville laboratory for polymer Synthesis, Chemistry dept., University of Cambridge
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Melville laboratory for polymer Synthesis, Chemistry dept., University of Cambridge
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