1
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Zacheo A, Matano S, Shimura Y, Yu S, Doumani J, Komatsu N, Kono J, Maki H. Efficient Emission of Highly Polarized Thermal Radiation from a Suspended Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15769-15778. [PMID: 38829376 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
A polarized light source covering a wide wavelength range is required in applications across diverse fields, including optical communication, photonics, spectroscopy, and imaging. For practical applications, high degrees of polarization and thermal performance are needed to ensure the stability of the radiation intensity and low energy consumption. Here, we achieved efficient emission of highly polarized and broadband thermal radiation from a suspended aligned carbon nanotube film. The anisotropic nature of the film, combined with the suspension, led to a high degree of linear polarization (∼0.9) and great thermal performance. Furthermore, we performed time-resolved measurements of thermal emission from the film, revealing a fast time response of approximately a few microseconds. We also obtained visible light emission from the device and analyzed the film's mechanical breakdown behavior to improve the emission intensity. Finally, we demonstrated that suspended devices with a constriction geometry can enhance the heating performance. These results show that carbon nanotube film-based devices, as electrically driven thermal emitters of polarized radiation, can play an important role for future development in optoelectronics and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zacheo
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Matano
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yui Shimura
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shengjie Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacques Doumani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hideyuki Maki
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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2
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Zapata-Arteaga O, Dörling B, Alvarez-Corzo I, Xu K, Reparaz JS, Campoy-Quiles M. Upscaling Thermoelectrics: Micron-Thick, Half-a-Meter-Long Carbon Nanotube Films with Monolithic Integration of p- and n-Legs. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2024; 6:2978-2987. [PMID: 38828035 PMCID: PMC11137818 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In order for organic thermoelectrics to successfully establish their own niche as energy-harvesting materials, they must reach several crucial milestones, including high performance, long-term stability, and scalability. Performance and stability are currently being actively studied, whereas demonstrations of large-scale compatibility are far more limited and for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are still missing. The scalability challenge includes material-related economic considerations as well as the availability of fast deposition methods that produce large-scale films that simultaneously satisfy the thickness constraints required for thermoelectric modules. Here we report on true solutions of CNTs that form gels upon air exposure, which can then be dried into micron-thick films. The CNT ink can be extruded using a slot-shaped nozzle into a continuous film (more than half a meter in the present paper) and patterned into alternating n- and p-type components, which are then folded to obtain the finished thermoelectric module. Starting from a given n-type film, differentiation between the n and p components is achieved by a simple postprocessing step that involves a partial oxidation reaction and neutralization of the dopant. The presented method allows the thermoelectric legs to seamlessly interconnect along the continuous film, thus avoiding the need for metal electrodes, and, most importantly, it is compatible with large-scale printing processes. The resulting thermoelectric legs retain 80% of their power factor after 100 days in air and about 30% after 300 days. Using the proposed methodology, we fabricate two thermoelectric modules of 4 and 10 legs that can produce maximum power outputs of 1 and 2.4 μW, respectively, at a temperature difference ΔT of 46 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Zapata-Arteaga
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
| | - Bernhard Dörling
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
| | - Ivan Alvarez-Corzo
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
| | - Kai Xu
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
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3
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Yu HP, Zhu YJ. Guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials: from weak to strong. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4490-4606. [PMID: 38502087 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms in nature have undergone continuous evolution over billions of years, resulting in the formation of high-performance fracture-resistant biomineralized tissues such as bones and teeth to fulfill mechanical and biological functions, despite the fact that most inorganic biominerals that constitute biomineralized tissues are weak and brittle. During the long-period evolution process, nature has evolved a number of highly effective and smart strategies to design chemical compositions and structures of biomineralized tissues to enable superior properties and to adapt to surrounding environments. Most biomineralized tissues have hierarchically ordered structures consisting of very small building blocks on the nanometer scale (nanoparticles, nanofibers or nanoflakes) to reduce the inherent weaknesses and brittleness of corresponding inorganic biominerals, to prevent crack initiation and propagation, and to allow high defect tolerance. The bioinspired principles derived from biomineralized tissues are indispensable for designing and constructing high-performance biomimetic materials. In recent years, a large number of high-performance biomimetic materials have been prepared based on these bioinspired principles with a large volume of literature covering this topic. Therefore, a timely and comprehensive review on this hot topic is highly important and contributes to the future development of this rapidly evolving research field. This review article aims to be comprehensive, authoritative, and critical with wide general interest to the science community, summarizing recent advances in revealing the formation processes, composition, and structures of biomineralized tissues, providing in-depth insights into guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for the design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials, and discussing recent progress, current research trends, key problems, future main research directions and challenges, and future perspectives in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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4
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Doumani J, Lou M, Dewey O, Hong N, Fan J, Baydin A, Zahn K, Yomogida Y, Yanagi K, Pasquali M, Saito R, Kono J, Gao W. Engineering chirality at wafer scale with ordered carbon nanotube architectures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7380. [PMID: 37968325 PMCID: PMC10651894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Creating artificial matter with controllable chirality in a simple and scalable manner brings new opportunities to diverse areas. Here we show two such methods based on controlled vacuum filtration - twist stacking and mechanical rotation - for fabricating wafer-scale chiral architectures of ordered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with tunable and large circular dichroism (CD). By controlling the stacking angle and handedness in the twist-stacking approach, we maximize the CD response and achieve a high deep-ultraviolet ellipticity of 40 ± 1 mdeg nm-1. Our theoretical simulations using the transfer matrix method reproduce the experimentally observed CD spectra and further predict that an optimized film of twist-stacked CNTs can exhibit an ellipticity as high as 150 mdeg nm-1, corresponding to a g factor of 0.22. Furthermore, the mechanical rotation method not only accelerates the fabrication of twisted structures but also produces both chiralities simultaneously in a single sample, in a single run, and in a controllable manner. The created wafer-scale objects represent an alternative type of synthetic chiral matter consisting of ordered quantum wires whose macroscopic properties are governed by nanoscopic electronic signatures and can be used to explore chiral phenomena and develop chiral photonic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Doumani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Minhan Lou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Oliver Dewey
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nina Hong
- J.A. Woollam Co., Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jichao Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrey Baydin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keshav Zahn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Riichiro Saito
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Matano S, Komatsu N, Shimura Y, Kono J, Maki H. High-Speed Modulation of Polarized Thermal Radiation from an On-Chip Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9817-9824. [PMID: 37882802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic analysis with polarized light has been widely used to investigate molecular structure and material behavior. A broadband polarized light source that can be switched on and off at a high speed is indispensable for reading faint signals, but such a source has not been developed. Here, using aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) films, we have developed broadband thermal emitters of polarized infrared radiation with switching speeds of ≲20 MHz. We found that the switching speed depends on whether the electrical current is parallel or perpendicular to the CNT alignment direction with a significantly higher speed achieved in the parallel case. Together with detailed theoretical simulations, our experimental results demonstrate that the contact thermal conductance to the substrate and the conductance to the electrodes are important factors that determine the switching speed. These emitters can lead to advanced spectroscopic analysis techniques with polarized radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Matano
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yui Shimura
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hideyuki Maki
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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6
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Bondarev IV, Pugh MD, Rodriguez-Lopez P, Woods LM, Antezza M. Confinement-induced nonlocality and casimir force in transdimensional systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29257-29265. [PMID: 37874297 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
We study within the framework of the Lifshitz theory the long-range Casimir force for in-plane isotropic and anisotropic free-standing transdimensional material slabs. In the former case, we show that the confinement-induced nonlocality not only weakens the attraction of ultrathin slabs but also changes the distance dependence of the material-dependent correction to the Casimir force to go as contrary to the ∼1/l dependence of that of the local Lifshitz force. In the latter case, we use closely packed array of parallel aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes in a dielectric layer of finite thickness to demonstrate strong orientational anisotropy and crossover behavior for the inter-slab attractive force in addition to its reduction with decreasing slab thickness. We give physical insight as to why such a pair of ultrathin slabs prefers to stick together in the perpendicularly oriented manner, rather than in the parallel relative orientation as one would customarily expect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Bondarev
- Department of Mathematics & Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
| | - Michael D Pugh
- Department of Mathematics & Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
| | - Pablo Rodriguez-Lopez
- Área de Electromagnetismo and Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-University of Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Lilia M Woods
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mauro Antezza
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-University of Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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7
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Wais M, Bagsican FRG, Komatsu N, Gao W, Serita K, Murakami H, Held K, Kawayama I, Kono J, Battiato M, Tonouchi M. Transition from Diffusive to Superdiffusive Transport in Carbon Nanotube Networks via Nematic Order Control. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4448-4455. [PMID: 37164003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The one-dimensional confinement of quasiparticles in individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) leads to extremely anisotropic electronic and optical properties. In a macroscopic ensemble of randomly oriented CNTs, this anisotropy disappears together with other properties that make them attractive for certain device applications. The question however remains if not only anisotropy but also other types of behaviors are suppressed by disorder. Here, we compare the dynamics of quasiparticles under strong electric fields in aligned and random CNT networks using a combination of terahertz emission and photocurrent experiments and out-of-equilibrium numerical simulations. We find that the degree of alignment strongly influences the excited quasiparticles' dynamics, rerouting the thermalization pathways. This is, in particular, evidenced in the high-energy, high-momentum electronic population (probed through the formation of low energy excitons via exciton impact ionization) and the transport regime evolving from diffusive to superdiffusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wais
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Institute for Solid State Physics, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kazunori Serita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hironaru Murakami
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Karsten Held
- Institute for Solid State Physics, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwao Kawayama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Marco Battiato
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Masayoshi Tonouchi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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8
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Rust C, Schill E, Garrity O, Spari M, Li H, Bacher A, Guttmann M, Reich S, Flavel BS. Radial Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes via Dead-End Filtration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207684. [PMID: 36775908 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dead-end filtration is a facile method to globally align single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in large area films with a 2D order parameter, S2D , approaching unity. Uniaxial alignment has been achieved using pristine and hot-embossed membranes but more sophisticated geometries have yet to be investigated. In this work, three different patterns with radial symmetry and an area of 3.8 cm2 are created. Two of these patterns are replicated by the filtered SWCNTs and S2D values of ≈0.85 are obtained. Each of the radially aligned SWCNT films is characterized by scanning cross-polarized microscopy in reflectance and laser imaging in transmittance with linear, radial, and azimuthal polarized light fields. The former is used to define a novel indicator akin to the 2D order parameter using Malu's law, yielding 0.82 for the respective film. The films are then transferred to a flexible printed circuit board and terminal two-probe electrical measurements are conducted to explore the potential of those new alignment geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rust
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elias Schill
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Oisín Garrity
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Spari
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bacher
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Guttmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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9
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Rust C, Shapturenka P, Spari M, Jin Q, Li H, Bacher A, Guttmann M, Zheng M, Adel T, Walker ARH, Fagan JA, Flavel BS. The Impact of Carbon Nanotube Length and Diameter on their Global Alignment by Dead-End Filtration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206774. [PMID: 36549899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dead-end filtration has proven to effectively prepare macroscopically (3.8 cm2 ) aligned thin films from solutionbased single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). However, to make this technique broadly applicable, the role of SWCNT length and diameter must be understood. To date, most groups report the alignment of unsorted, large diameter (≈1.4 nm) SWCNTs, but systematic studies on their small diameter are rare (≈0.78 nm). In this work, films with an area of A = 3.81 cm2 and a thickness of ≈40 nm are prepared from length-sorted fractions comprising of small and large diameter SWCNTs, respectively. The alignment is characterized by cross-polarized microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, absorption and Raman spectroscopy. For the longest fractions (Lavg = 952 nm ± 431 nm, Δ = 1.58 and Lavg = 667 nm ± 246 nm, Δ = 1.55), the 2D order parameter, S2D, values of ≈0.6 and ≈0.76 are reported for the small and large diameter SWCNTs over an area of A = 625 µm2 , respectively. A comparison of Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory calculations with the aligned domain size is then used to propose a law identifying the required length of a carbon nanotube with a given diameter and zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rust
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Pavel Shapturenka
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Manuel Spari
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Qihao Jin
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bacher
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Guttmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Tehseen Adel
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Angela R Hight Walker
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Fagan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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10
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Carbon Nanotube-Based Thermoelectric Modules Enhanced by ZnO Nanowires. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051924. [PMID: 35269156 PMCID: PMC8911611 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a wide range of unique properties, which have kept them at the forefront of research in recent decades. Due to their electrical and thermal characteristics, they are often evaluated as key components of thermogenerators. One can create thermogenerators exclusively from CNTs, without any metal counterpart, by properly selecting dopants to obtain n- and p-doped CNTs. However, the performance of CNT thermogenerators remains insufficient to reach wide commercial implementation. This study shows that molecular doping and the inclusion of ZnO nanowires (NWs) can greatly increase their application potential. Moreover, prototype modules, based on single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), ZnO NWs, polyethyleneimine, and triazole, reveal notable capabilities for generating electrical energy, while ensuring fully scalable performance. Upon doping and the addition of ZnO nanowires, the electrical conductivity of pure SWCNTs (211 S/cm) was increased by a factor of three. Moreover, the proposed strategy enhanced the Power Factor values from 18.99 (unmodified SWCNTs) to 34.9 and 42.91 µW/m∙K2 for CNTs triazole and polyethyleneimine + ZnO NWs inclusion, respectively.
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11
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Walker JS, Macdermid ZJ, Fagan JA, Kolmakov A, Biacchi AJ, Searles TA, Walker ARH, Rice WD. Dependence of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Alignment on the Filter Membrane Interface in Slow Vacuum Filtration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105619. [PMID: 35064635 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent introduction of slow vacuum filtration (SVF) technology has shown great promise for reproducibly creating high-quality, large-area aligned films of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from solution-based dispersions. Despite clear advantages over other SWCNT alignment techniques, SVF remains in the developmental stages due to a lack of an agreed-upon alignment mechanism, a hurdle which hinders SVF optimization. In this work, the filter membrane surface is modified to show how the resulting SWCNT nematic order can be significantly enhanced. It is observed that directional mechanical grooving on filter membranes does not play a significant role in SWCNT alignment, despite the tendency for nanotubes to follow the groove direction. Chemical treatments to the filter membrane are shown to increase SWCNT alignment by nearly 1/3. These findings suggest that membrane surface structure acts to create a directional flow along the filter membrane surface that can produce global SWCNT alignment during SVF, rather serving as an alignment template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Walker
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Zia J Macdermid
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Fagan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Andrei Kolmakov
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Adam J Biacchi
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Thomas A Searles
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C., 20059, USA
| | - Angela R Hight Walker
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - William D Rice
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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12
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Carbon Nanotube Devices for Quantum Technology. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041535. [PMID: 35208080 PMCID: PMC8878677 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes, quintessentially one-dimensional quantum objects, possess a variety of electrical, optical, and mechanical properties that are suited for developing devices that operate on quantum mechanical principles. The states of one-dimensional electrons, excitons, and phonons in carbon nanotubes with exceptionally large quantization energies are promising for high-operating-temperature quantum devices. Here, we discuss recent progress in the development of carbon-nanotube-based devices for quantum technology, i.e., quantum mechanical strategies for revolutionizing computation, sensing, and communication. We cover fundamental properties of carbon nanotubes, their growth and purification methods, and methodologies for assembling them into architectures of ordered nanotubes that manifest macroscopic quantum properties. Most importantly, recent developments and proposals for quantum information processing devices based on individual and assembled nanotubes are reviewed.
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13
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Lou TJ, Wang JQ, Wang W, Wang T, Qian PF, Bao ZL, Jing LC, Yuan XT, Geng HZ. Tannic Acid‐Modified Single‐Walled Carbon nanotube/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Thin Films for UV‐Visible Semitransparent Photodiode Type Photodetectors. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jiao Lou
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Jing-Qi Wang
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Wenyi Wang
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Tao Wang
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Peng-Fei Qian
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Ze-Long Bao
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Li-Chao Jing
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Xiao-Tong Yuan
- Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tiangong University School of Material Science and Engineering No 399, Binshui West Rd., Xiqing Dist. 300387 Tianjin CHINA
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14
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Liu X, Miao J, Fan Q, Zhang W, Zuo X, Tian M, Zhu S, Zhang X, Qu L. Smart Textile Based on 3D Stretchable Silver Nanowires/MXene Conductive Networks for Personal Healthcare and Thermal Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56607-56619. [PMID: 34786929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics have enriched daily lives by providing smart functions as well as monitoring body health conditions. However, the realization of wearable electronics with personal healthcare and thermal comfort management of the human body is still a great challenge. Furthermore, manufacturing such on-skin wearable electronics on traditional thin-film substrates results in limited gas permeability and inflammation. Herein, we proposed a personal healthcare and thermal management smart textile with a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected conductive network, formed by silver nanowires (AgNWs) bridging lamellar structured transition-metal carbide/carbonitride (MXene) nanosheets deposited on nonwoven fabrics. Benefiting from the interconnected conductive network synergistic effect of one-dimensional (1D) AgNWs bridging two-dimensional (2D) MXene, the strain sensor exhibits excellent durability (>1500 stretching cycles) and high sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 1085) with a wide strain range limit (∼100%), and the details of human body activities can be accurately recognized and monitored. Moreover, thanks to the excellent Joule heating and photothermal effect endowed by AgNWs and MXene, the multifunctional smart textile with direct temperature visualization and solar-powered temperature regulation functions was successfully developed, after further combination of thermochromic and phase-change functional layers, respectively. The smart textiles with a stretchable AgNW-MXene 3D conductive network hold great promise for next-generation personal healthcare and thermal management wearable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Liu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Miao
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fan
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xingwei Zuo
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Zhu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Qu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
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15
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Rdest M, Janas D. Carbon Nanotube Wearable Sensors for Health Diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5847. [PMID: 34502734 PMCID: PMC8433779 DOI: 10.3390/s21175847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article highlights a recent surge of interest in the application of textiles containing carbon nanotube (CNT) sensors for human health monitoring. Modern life puts more and more pressure on humans, which translates into an increased number of various health disorders. Unfortunately, this effect either decreases the quality of life or shortens it prematurely. A possible solution to this problem is to employ sensors to monitor various body functions and indicate an upcoming disease likelihood at its early stage. A broad spectrum of materials is currently under investigation for this purpose, some of which already entered the market. One of the most promising materials in this field are CNTs. They are flexible and of high electrical conductivity, which can be modulated upon several forms of stimulation. The article begins with an illustration of techniques for how wearable sensors can be built from them. Then, their application potential for tracking various health parameters is presented. Finally, the article ends with a summary of this field's progress and a vision of the key directions to domesticate this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rdest
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd., Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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16
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Sahlman M, Lundström M, Janas D. Sensing Organophosphorus Compounds with SWCNT Films. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4915. [PMID: 34300653 PMCID: PMC8309844 DOI: 10.3390/s21144915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Promising electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) open a spectrum of applications for this material. As the SWCNT electronic characteristics respond well to the presence of various analytes, this makes them highly sensitive sensors. In this contribution, selected organophosphorus compounds were detected by studying their impact on the electronic properties of the nanocarbon network. The goal was to untangle the n-doping mechanism behind the beneficial effect of organic phosphine derivatives on the electrical conductivity of SWCNT networks. The highest sensitivity was obtained in the case of the application of 1,6-Bis(diphenylphoshpino)hexane. Consequently, free-standing SWCNT films experienced a four-fold improvement to the electrical conductivity from 272 ± 21 to 1010 ± 44 S/cm and an order of magnitude increase in the power factor. This was ascribed to the beneficial action of electron-rich phenyl moieties linked with a long alkyl chain, making the dopant interact well with SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Sahlman
- Hydrometallurgy and Corrosion, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (CMET), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16200, 00076 Aalto, Finland; (M.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Mari Lundström
- Hydrometallurgy and Corrosion, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (CMET), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16200, 00076 Aalto, Finland; (M.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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17
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Effective Doping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Polyethyleneimine. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010065. [PMID: 33375643 PMCID: PMC7795803 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
More and more electrically conducting materials are required to sustain the technological progress of civilization. Faced with the performance limits of classical materials, the R&D community has put efforts into developing nanomaterials, which can offer sufficiently high operational parameters. In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were doped with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to create such material. The results show that it is most fruitful to combine these components at the synthesis stage of an SWCNT network from their dispersion. In this case, the electrical conductivity of the material is boosted from 249 ± 21 S/cm to 1301 ± 56 S/cm straightforwardly and effectively.
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18
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From Bio to Nano: A Review of Sustainable Methods of Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the up-to-date techniques devised to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from liquid or solid precursors of sustainable nature. The possibility to replace petroleum-based feeds for renewable resources such as essential oils or plant shoots is critically examined. The analysis shows that the complex nature of such resources requires the optimization of the reaction conditions to obtain products of desired microstructure and chemical composition. However, appropriate tuning of the process parameters enables the synthesis of even high-purity single-walled CNTs with a spectrum of demonstrated high-performance applications at low cost. The sheer number of successful studies completed on this front so far and described herein validate that the development of techniques for the manufacture of such products of high-added value from common precursors is not only possible but, most importantly, promising.
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