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Di P, Yuan Y, Xiao M, Xu Z, Liu Y, Huang C, Xu G, Zhang L, Wan P. A Flexible Skin Bionic Thermally Comfortable Wearable for Machine Learning-Facilitated Ultrasensitive Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401800. [PMID: 38924313 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tremendous popularity is observed for multifunctional flexible electronics with appealing applications in intelligent electronic skins, human-machine interfaces, and healthcare sensing. However, the reported sensing electronics, mostly can hardly provide ultrasensitive sensing sensitivity, wider sensing range, and robust cycling stability simultaneously, and are limited of efficient heat conduction out from the contacted skin interface after wearing flexible electronics on human skin to satisfy thermal comfort of human skin. Inspired from the ultrasensitive tactile perception microstructure (epidermis/spinosum/signal transmission) of human skin, a flexible comfortably wearable ultrasensitive electronics is hereby prepared from thermal conductive boron nitride nanosheets-incorporated polyurethane elastomer matrix with MXene nanosheets-coated surface microdomes as epidermis/spinosum layers assembled with interdigitated electrode as sensing signal transmission layer. It demonstrates appealing sensing performance with ultrasensitive sensitivity (≈288.95 kPa-1), up to 300 kPa sensing range, and up to 20 000 sensing cycles from obvious contact area variation between microdome microstructures and the contact electrode under external compression. Furthermore, the bioinspired electronics present advanced thermal management by timely efficient thermal dissipation out from the contacted skin surface to meet human skin thermal comfort with the incorporated thermal conductive boron nitride nanosheets. Thus, it is vitally promising in wearable artificial electronic skins, intelligent human-interactive sensing, and personal health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Di
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhishan Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yicong Liu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Chenlin Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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2
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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Ye C. Silver nanowires/waterborne polyurethane composite film based piezoresistive pressure sensor for ultrasensitive human motion monitoring. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:325502. [PMID: 38648780 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors are gaining significant attention, particularly in the realm of flexible wearable electronic skin. Here, a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor was developed with a broad sensing range and high sensitivity. We achieved this by curing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on sandpaper, creating a PDMS film as the template with a micro-protrusion structure. The core sensing layer was formed using a composite of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with a similar micro-protrusion structure. The sensor stands out with its exceptional sensitivity, showing a value of 1.04 × 106kPa-1with a wide linear range from 0 to 27 kPa. It also boasts a swift response and recovery time of 160 ms, coupled with a low detection threshold of 17 Pa. Even after undergoing more than 1000 cycles, the sensor continues to deliver stable performance. The flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on AgNWs/WPU composite film (AWCF) can detect small pressure changes such as pulse, swallowing, etc, which indicates that the sensor has great application potential in monitoring human movement and flexible wearable electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshe Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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3
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Mijit A, Li S, Wang Q, Li M, Tai Y. Silver Nanowire-Based Flexible Strain Sensor for Human Motion Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3329. [PMID: 38894120 PMCID: PMC11174821 DOI: 10.3390/s24113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Accurately capturing human movements is a crucial element of health status monitoring and a necessary precondition for realizing future virtual reality/augmented reality applications. Flexible motion sensors with exceptional sensitivity are capable of detecting physical activities by converting them into resistance fluctuations. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have become a preferred choice for the development of various types of sensors due to their outstanding electrical conductivity, transparency, and flexibility within polymer composites. Herein, we present the design and fabrication of a flexible strain sensor based on silver nanowires. Suitable substrate materials were selected, and the sensor's sensitivity and fatigue properties were characterized and tested, with the sensor maintaining reliability after 5000 deformation cycles. Different sensors were prepared by controlling the concentration of silver nanowires to achieve the collection of motion signals from various parts of the human body. Additionally, we explored potential applications of these sensors in fields such as health monitoring and virtual reality. In summary, this work integrated the acquisition of different human motion signals, demonstrating great potential for future multifunctional wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduweli Mijit
- School of Material Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Mingzhou Li
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yanlong Tai
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
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4
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Zhong X, Jiao W, Liu W, Wang R, He X. A Novel Hollow Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Composite for Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and Superhydrophobicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26674-26684. [PMID: 38717387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have attracted great interest as they play an important role in various fields such as health monitoring and human-machine interactions. The design of the pressure sensors still faces challenges in achieving a high sensitivity for a wide sensing range, and the interference of water restricts the applications of the sensors. Herein, we developed a graphene-polydimethylsiloxane film combining a hierarchical surface with nanowrinkles on it and a hollow structure. The microstructure design of the composite can be facilely controlled to improve the sensing and hydrophobic performance by tailoring the microsphere building units. Attributed to the irregular surface and hollow structure of the sensing layer, the optimized sensor exhibits a superior sensitivity of 1085 kPa-1 in a 50 kPa linear range. For practical applications, the nanowrinkles on the surface of the microspheres and the polymer coating endow the composite with waterproof properties. Inspired by the dual receptors of the skin, two designed microstructured films can simply integrate into one with double-sided microstructures. The sensing performance and the water-repellence property allow the sensor to detect physiological signals under both ambient and underwater conditions. Furthermore, underwater stimuli detection and communication are demonstrated. This method of fabricating a flexible sensor shows great potential in wearable and robotic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weicheng Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rongguo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Li W, Liu X, Wang Y, Peng L, Jin X, Jiang Z, Guo Z, Chen J, Wang W. Research on high sensitivity piezoresistive sensor based on structural design. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:88. [PMID: 38753219 PMCID: PMC11098999 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
With the popularity of smart terminals, wearable electronic devices have shown great market prospects, especially high-sensitivity pressure sensors, which can monitor micro-stimuli and high-precision dynamic external stimuli, and will have an important impact on future functional development. Compressible flexible sensors have attracted wide attention due to their simple sensing mechanism and the advantages of light weight and convenience. Sensors with high sensitivity are very sensitive to pressure and can detect resistance/current changes under pressure, which has been widely studied. On this basis, this review focuses on analyzing the performance impact of device structure design strategies on high sensitivity pressure sensors. The design of structures can be divided into interface microstructures and three-dimensional framework structures. The preparation methods of various structures are introduced in detail, and the current research status and future development challenges are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Lutai School of Textile and Apparel, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Peng
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaohui Jiang
- Lutai School of Textile and Apparel, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengge Guo
- Lutai School of Textile and Apparel, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- PLA Naval Medical Center, Shang Hai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
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Castillo-López DN, Gómez-Pavón LDC, Gutíerrez-Nava A, Zaca-Morán P, Arriaga-Arriaga CA, Muñoz-Pacheco JM, Luis-Ramos A. Flexible Force Sensor Based on a PVA/AgNWs Nanocomposite and Cellulose Acetate. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2819. [PMID: 38732927 PMCID: PMC11086214 DOI: 10.3390/s24092819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanocomposites are materials of special interest for the development of flexible electronic, optical, and mechanical devices in applications such as transparent conductive electrodes and flexible electronic sensors. These materials take advantage of the electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties of a polymeric matrix, especially in force sensors, as well as the properties of a conductive filler such as silver nanowires (AgNWs). In this work, the fabrication of a force sensor using AgNWs synthesized via the polyol chemical technique is presented. The nanowires were deposited via drop-casting in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form the active (electrode) and resistive (nanocomposite) sensor films, with both films separated by a cellulose acetate substrate. The dimensions of the resulting sensor are 35 mm × 40 mm × 0.1 mm. The sensor shows an applied force ranging from 0 to 3.92 N, with a sensitivity of 0.039 N. The sensor stand-off resistance, exceeding 50 MΩ, indicates a good ability to detect changes in applied force without an external force. Additionally, studies revealed a response time of 10 ms, stabilization of 9 s, and a degree of hysteresis of 1.9%. The voltage response of the sensor under flexion at an angle of 85° was measured, demonstrating its functionality over a prolonged period. The fabricated sensor can be used in applications that require measuring pressure on irregular surfaces or systems with limited space, such as for estimating movement in robot joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Natalia Castillo-López
- Grupo de Sistemas Fotónicos y Nanoóptica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (D.N.C.-L.); (A.G.-N.); (C.A.A.-A.); (J.M.M.-P.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Luz del Carmen Gómez-Pavón
- Grupo de Sistemas Fotónicos y Nanoóptica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (D.N.C.-L.); (A.G.-N.); (C.A.A.-A.); (J.M.M.-P.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Alfredo Gutíerrez-Nava
- Grupo de Sistemas Fotónicos y Nanoóptica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (D.N.C.-L.); (A.G.-N.); (C.A.A.-A.); (J.M.M.-P.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Placido Zaca-Morán
- Instituto de Ciencias, Ecocampus Valsequillo, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72960, Mexico;
| | - Cesar Augusto Arriaga-Arriaga
- Grupo de Sistemas Fotónicos y Nanoóptica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (D.N.C.-L.); (A.G.-N.); (C.A.A.-A.); (J.M.M.-P.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Jesús Manuel Muñoz-Pacheco
- Grupo de Sistemas Fotónicos y Nanoóptica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (D.N.C.-L.); (A.G.-N.); (C.A.A.-A.); (J.M.M.-P.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Arnulfo Luis-Ramos
- Grupo de Sistemas Fotónicos y Nanoóptica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (D.N.C.-L.); (A.G.-N.); (C.A.A.-A.); (J.M.M.-P.); (A.L.-R.)
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7
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Yan S, Deng X, Chen S, Ma T, Li T, Hu K, Jiang X. Deformation-Induced Photoprogrammable Pattern of Polyurethane Elastomers Based on Poisson Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307445. [PMID: 37930053 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastomers with high aspect ratio surface patterns are a promising class of materials for designing soft machines in the future. Here, a facile method for fabricating surface patterns on polyurethane elastomer by subtly utilizing the Poisson effect and gradient photocrosslinking is demonstrated. By applying uniaxial tensile strains, the aspect ratio of the surface patterns can be optionally manipulated. At prestretched state, the pattern on the polyurethane elastomer can be readily constructed through compressive stress, resulting from the gradient photocrosslinking via selective photodimerization of an anthracene-functionalized polyurethane elastomer (referred to as ANPU). The macromolecular aggregation structures during stretching deformation significantly contribute to the fabrication of high aspect ratio surface patterns. The insightful finite element analysis well demonstrates that the magnitude and distribution of internal stress in the ANPU elastomer can be regulated by selectively gradient crosslinking, leading to polymer chains migrate from the exposed region to the unexposed region, thereby generating a diverse array of surface patterns. Additionally, the periodic surface patterns exhibit tunable structural color according to the different stretching states and are fully reversible over multiple cycles, opening up avenues for diverse applications such as smart displays, stretchable strain sensors, and anticounterfeiting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinlu Deng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianjiao Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaiming Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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8
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Su FC, Huang HX. Flexible Switching Pressure Sensors with Fast Response and Less Bending-Sensitive Performance Applied to Pain-Perception-Mimetic Gloves. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56328-56336. [PMID: 37990467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A strategy is proposed herein for preparing a flexible switching piezoresistive pressure sensor, which has a bridge-like structure and inverted micropyramids (IMPs) on its lower conductive substrate. The sensor substrates were prepared by injection compression molding (an industrial manufacturing process) using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU; an industrial grade polymer). The designed bridge-like structure enables the sensor to obtain a pressure threshold. The flexibility of upper and lower TPU substrates allows them to contact quickly when pressed, and so the sensor exhibits a fast response (as short as 2 ms) and can respond to both static force and dynamic force (up to 50 Hz frequency), which are prominent for the sensor made from TPU. The sensor exhibits less bending-sensitive performance, which is attributed to the conformality of the upper and lower substrates and lower strain on the lower substrate with the IMP under bending. The sensor can amplify signal response at the monitoring limit (the relative resistance change is up to 46%). It can achieve a higher sensitivity in different low-pressure ranges by changing the gap of the bridge-like structure. Moreover, the sensor can obviously and steadily respond to an additional very low pressure under preloading and exhibits good durability performance. As the sensor has a pressure threshold similar to the human pain perception process, a pain-perception-mimetic glove that can identify the external mechanical stimuli but reduces the interference of finger bending is prepared, displaying potential applications of the flexible switching sensor in intelligent wearable protectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Su
- Lab for Micro Molding and Polymer Rheology, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Han-Xiong Huang
- Lab for Micro Molding and Polymer Rheology, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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9
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Xia X, Xiang Z, Gao Z, Hu S, Zhang W, Long R, Du Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, Li W, Shang J, Li RW. Structural Design and DLP 3D Printing Preparation of High Strain Stable Flexible Pressure Sensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2304409. [PMID: 37953443 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors are crucial force-sensitive devices in wearable electronics, robotics, and other fields due to their stretchability, high sensitivity, and easy integration. However, a limitation of existing pressure sensors is their reduced sensing accuracy when subjected to stretching. This study addresses this issue by adopting finite element simulation optimization, using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology to design and fabricate the force-sensitive structure of flexible pressure sensors. This is the first systematic study of how force-sensitive structures enhance tensile strain stability of flexible resistive pressure sensors. 18 types of force-sensitive structures have been investigated by finite element design, simultaneously, the modulus of the force-sensitive structure is also a critical consideration as it exerts a significant influence on the overall tensile stability of the sensor. Based on simulation results, a well-designed and highly stretch-stable flexible resistive pressure sensor has been fabricated which exhibits a resistance change rate of 0.76% and pressure sensitivity change rate of 0.22% when subjected to strains ranging from no tensile strain to 20% tensile strain, demonstrating extremely low stretching response characteristics. This study presents innovative solutions for designing and fabricating flexible resistive pressure sensors that maintain stable sensing performance even under stretch conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wuxu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ren Long
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yi Du
- School of Physics and BUAA-UOW Joint Research Centre, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wenxian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- College of Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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10
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Lv L, Liu T, Jiang T, Li J, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Dhakal R, Li X, Li Y, Yao Z. A highly sensitive flexible capacitive pressure sensor with hierarchical pyramid micro-structured PDMS-based dielectric layer for health monitoring. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1303142. [PMID: 38026884 PMCID: PMC10665575 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity was created using a dielectric layer featuring a hierarchical pyramid microstructure, both in simulation and fabrication. The capacitive pressure sensor comprises a hierarchically arranged dielectric layer made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with pyramid microstructures, positioned between copper electrodes at the top and bottom. The achievement of superior sensing performance is highly contingent upon the thickness of the dielectric layer, as indicated by both empirical findings and finite-element analysis. Specifically, the capacitive pressure sensor, featuring a dielectric layer thickness of 0.5 mm, exhibits a remarkable sensitivity of 0.77 kPa-1 within the pressure range below 1 kPa. It also demonstrates an impressive response time of 55 ms and recovery time of 42 ms, along with a low detection limit of 8 Pa. Furthermore, this sensor showcases exceptional stability and reproducibility with up to 1,000 cycles. Considering its exceptional achievements, the pressure sensor has been effectively utilized for monitoring physiological signals, sign language gestures, and vertical mechanical force exerted on objects. Additionally, a 5 × 5 sensor array was fabricated to accurately and precisely map the shape and position of objects. The pressure sensor with advanced performance shows broad potential in electronic skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Lv
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rajendra Dhakal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Li
- Hisense Visual Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanyue Li
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao Yao
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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11
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Baek J, Shan Y, Mylvaganan M, Zhang Y, Yang X, Qin F, Zhao K, Song HW, Mao H, Lee S. Mold-Free Manufacturing of Highly Sensitive and Fast-Response Pressure Sensors Through High-Resolution 3D Printing and Conformal Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304070. [PMID: 37463430 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A new manufacturing paradigm is showcased to exclude conventional mold-dependent manufacturing of pressure sensors, which typically requires a series of complex and expensive patterning processes. This mold-free manufacturing leverages high-resolution 3D-printed multiscale microstructures as the substrate and a gas-phase conformal polymer coating technique to complete the mold-free sensing platform. The array of dome and spike structures with a controlled spike density of a 3D-printed substrate ensures a large contact surface with pressures applied and extended linearity in a wider pressure range. For uniform coating of sensing elements on the microstructured surface, oxidative chemical vapor deposition is employed to deposit a highly conformal and conductive sensing element, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) at low temperatures (<60 °C). The fabricated pressure sensor reacts sensitively to various ranges of pressures (up to 185 kPa-1 ) depending on the density of the multiscale features and shows an ultrafast response time (≈36 µs). The mechanism investigations through the finite element analysis identify the effect of the multiscale structure on the figure-of-merit sensing performance. These unique findings are expected to be of significant relevance to technology that requires higher sensing capability, scalability, and facile adjustment of a sensor geometry in a cost-effective manufacturing manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Baek
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yujie Shan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mitesh Mylvaganan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xixian Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Fei Qin
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Han Wook Song
- Center for Mass and Related Quantities, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Huachao Mao
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sunghwan Lee
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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12
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Hua T, Xiang Z, Xia X, Li Z, Sun D, Wu Y, Liu Y, Shang J, Chen J, Li R. A Sensitivity-Optimized Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Cylindrical Ladder Microstructural Dielectric Layers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094323. [PMID: 37177527 PMCID: PMC10181647 DOI: 10.3390/s23094323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible capacitive pressure sensors have attracted extensive attention due to their dynamic response and good sensing capability for static and small pressures. Using microstructural dielectric layers is an effective method for improving performance. However, the current state of microstructure design is primarily focused on basic shapes and is largely limited by simulation results; there is still a great deal of potential for further innovation and improvement. This paper innovatively proposes to increase the ladder structure based on the basic microstructures, for example, the long micro-ridge ladder, the cuboid ladder, and cylindrical ladder microstructures. By comparing 9 kinds of microstructures including ladder structure through finite element simulation, it is found that the sensor with a cylindrical ladder microstructure dielectric layer has the highest sensitivity. The dielectric layers with various microstructures are obtained by 3D printed molds, and the sensor with cylindrical ladder microstructure dielectric layer has the sensitivity of 0.12 kPa-1, which is about 3.9 times higher than that without microstructure. The flexible pressure sensor developed by us boasts sensitivity-optimized and operational stability, making it an ideal solution for monitoring rainfall frequency in real time.
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Grants
- U22A20248,52201236, 52105286, 52127803, 51931011, 51971233, 62174165, M-0152, U20A6001, U1909215, 52105286, 52201236, 62204246, 92064011, 62174164 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2022M723251 China Postdoctoral Foundation
- 174433KYSB20190038, 174433KYSB20200013 External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- YJKYYQ20200030 Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- GJTD-2020-11 K.C. Wong Education Foundation
- 2018334 Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association
- 2022C01032 "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang
- 2021C01183 Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program
- LD22E010002 Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
- LGG20F010006 Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Project
- 2019B10127, 2020Z022 Ningbo Scientific and Technological Innovation 2025 Major Project
- 20221JCGY010312 Ningbo Natural Science Foundations
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Batteries and Materials, Jiangxi University of Sciences and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiangling Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhangling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Batteries and Materials, Jiangxi University of Sciences and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Runwei Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Lai QT, Zhao XH, Sun QJ, Tang Z, Tang XG, Roy VAL. Emerging MXene-Based Flexible Tactile Sensors for Health Monitoring and Haptic Perception. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300283. [PMID: 36965088 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to their potential applications in physiological monitoring, diagnosis, human prosthetics, haptic perception, and human-machine interaction, flexible tactile sensors have attracted wide research interest in recent years. Thanks to the advances in material engineering, high performance flexible tactile sensors have been obtained. Among the representative pressure sensing materials, 2D layered nanomaterials have many properties that are superior to those of bulk nanomaterials and are more suitable for high performance flexible sensors. As a class of 2D inorganic compounds in materials science, MXene has excellent electrical, mechanical, and biological compatibility. MXene-based composites have proven to be promising candidates for flexible tactile sensors due to their excellent stretchability and metallic conductivity. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to the development of MXene-based composites for flexible sensor applications. In this paper, the controllable preparation and characterization of MXene are introduced. Then, the recent progresses on fabrication strategies, operating mechanisms, and device performance of MXene composite-based flexible tactile sensors, including flexible piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, triboelectric sensors are reviewed. After that, the applications of MXene material-based flexible electronics in human motion monitoring, healthcare, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for MXene-based tactile sensors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Teng Lai
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Jun Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Gui Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Vellaisamy A L Roy
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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14
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Zhao X, Zhao S, Zhang X, Su Z. Recent progress in flexible pressure sensors based on multiple microstructures: from design to application. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5111-5138. [PMID: 36852534 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) have been widely studied in the fields of wearable medical monitoring and human-machine interaction due to their high flexibility, light weight, sensitivity, and easy integration. To better meet these application requirements, key sensing properties such as sensitivity, linear sensing range, pressure detection limits, response/recovery time, and durability need to be effectively improved. Therefore, researchers have extensively and profoundly researched and innovated on the structure of sensors, and various microstructures have been designed and applied to effectively improve the sensing performance of sensors. Compared with single microstructures, multiple microstructures (MMSs) (including hierarchical, multi-layered and hybrid microstructures) can improve the sensing performance of sensors to a greater extent. This paper reviews the recent research progress in the design and application of FPSs with MMSs and systematically summarizes the types, sensing mechanisms, and preparation methods of MMSs. In addition, we summarize the applications of FPSs with MMSs in the fields of human motion detection, health monitoring, and human-computer interaction. Finally, we provide an outlook on the prospects and challenges for the development of FPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Shujing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
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15
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Chen X, Zhang D, Luan H, Yang C, Yan W, Liu W. Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on Molybdenum Disulfide/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Polyurethane Sponge for Motion Detection and Speech Recognition Using Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2043-2053. [PMID: 36571453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with excellent performance have broad application potential in wearable devices, motion monitoring, and human-computer interaction. In this paper, a flexible pressure sensor with a porous structure is proposed by coating molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) on a polyurethane (PU) sponge skeleton. The obtained sensor has excellent sensitivity (0.746 kPa-1), a wide detection range (250 kPa), fast response (120 ms), and outstanding repeatability over 2000 cycles. It is proven that the sensor can realize human motion detection and distinguish the touch of varying strength. In addition, a pressure sensing array was fabricated to reflect the pressure distribution and recognize the writing of Arabic numerals. Finally, the sensor performs speech detection through throat muscle movements, and high-accuracy (97.14%) speech recognition for seven words was achieved by a machine learning algorithm based on the support vector machine (SVM). This work provides an opportunity to fabricate simple flexible pressure sensors with potential applications in next-generation electronic skin, health detection, and intelligent robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Huixin Luan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Weiyu Yan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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16
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Zhao Z, Lu Y, Mi Y, Meng J, Wang X, Cao X, Wang N. Adaptive Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Long-Term Self-Treatment: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1127. [PMID: 36551094 PMCID: PMC9775114 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were initially invented as an innovative energy-harvesting technology for scavenging mechanical energy from our bodies or the ambient environment. Through adaptive customization design, TENGs have also become a promising player in the self-powered wearable medical market for improving physical fitness and sustaining a healthy lifestyle. In addition to simultaneously harvesting our body's mechanical energy and actively detecting our physiological parameters and metabolic status, TENGs can also provide personalized medical treatment solutions in a self-powered modality. This review aims to cover the recent advances in TENG-based electronics in clinical applications, beginning from the basic working principles of TENGs and their general operation modes, continuing to the harvesting of bioenergy from the human body, and arriving at their adaptive design toward applications in chronic disease diagnosis and long-term clinical treatment. Considering the highly personalized usage scenarios, special attention is paid to customized modules that are based on TENGs and support complex medical treatments, where sustainability, biodegradability, compliance, and bio-friendliness may be critical for the operation of clinical systems. While this review provides a comprehensive understanding of TENG-based clinical devices that aims to reach a high level of technological readiness, the challenges and shortcomings of TENG-based clinical devices are also highlighted, with the expectation of providing a useful reference for the further development of such customized healthcare systems and the transfer of their technical capabilities into real-life patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Zhao
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajun Mi
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiajing Meng
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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17
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Cheng H, Yang K, Zhang Y, Liao S, Du M, Li J, Ma N, Xue M, Zhang X, Wang Y. A Novel Ionic Conductive Polyurethane Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent Continuing Traditional Merits. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52402-52410. [PMID: 36256442 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly popular along with the development of the bionic neural system. Ionic conductors play an important role in the AI system due to the ability of bionic sensing and signal transporting. Traditional low-polarity elastomers possess outstanding mechanical strength and stability, such as polyurethane, which is difficult to be directly endowed with ionic conductivity without impairing its properties. Herein, we have first put forward a new approach to synthesize a liquid-free ionic conductive polyurethane (CPU) through one-step copolymerization between a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) and a prepolymer of polyurethane. The as-prepared CPU can retain the native properties of the traditional polyurethane (PU) such as the homogeneous phase, ease of molding, high transparency (about 93.3%), and excellent mechanical properties. By introducing the DES as the covalent cross-linking agent and ionic conductor at the same time, the CPU also has fine ionic conductivity (3.78 × 10-5 S cm-1), environmental resistance like anti-freezing (-20 °C), and solvent resistance. Based on the excellent conductivity and mechanical strength, the flexible CPU can be applied as a sensing element in pressure sensors. The CPU-based sensor has presented long-term stability, high sensitivity, and wide-ranging response (0.17-3.28 MPa) to the applied pressure, which will be suitable for the industrial demands for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoge Cheng
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Kaiyue Yang
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuze Zhang
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shenglong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Menghao Du
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Mianqi Xue
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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18
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Ji G, Chen Z, Li H, Awuye DE, Guan M, Zhu Y. Electrospinning-Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:876. [PMID: 36291013 PMCID: PMC9599869 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many different biosensors are being used to monitor physical health. Electrospun nanofiber materials have the advantages of high specific surface area, large porosity and simple operation. These properties play a vital role in biosensors. However, the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers are poor relative to other techniques of nanofiber production. At the same time, the organic solvents used in electrospinning are generally toxic and expensive. Meanwhile, the excellent performance of electrospun nanofibers brings about higher levels of sensitivity and detection range of biosensors. This paper summarizes the principle and application of electrospinning technology in biosensors and its comparison with other technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Ji
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
- Wuhu Innovation New Materials Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241080, China
| | - Desire Emefa Awuye
- Department of Minerals and Materials Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa 03123, Ghana
| | - Mengdi Guan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yingbao Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
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19
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Lee G, Zarei M, Wei Q, Zhu Y, Lee SG. Surface Wrinkling for Flexible and Stretchable Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203491. [PMID: 36047645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanolithography, miniaturization, and material science, along with developments in wearable electronics, are pushing the frontiers of sensor technology into the large-scale fabrication of highly sensitive, flexible, stretchable, and multimodal detection systems. Various strategies, including surface engineering, have been developed to control the electrical and mechanical characteristics of sensors. In particular, surface wrinkling provides an effective alternative for improving both the sensing performance and mechanical deformability of flexible and stretchable sensors by releasing interfacial stress, preventing electrical failure, and enlarging surface areas. In this study, recent developments in the fabrication strategies of wrinkling structures for sensor applications are discussed. The fundamental mechanics, geometry control strategies, and various fabricating methods for wrinkling patterns are summarized. Furthermore, the current state of wrinkling approaches and their impacts on the development of various types of sensors, including strain, pressure, temperature, chemical, photodetectors, and multimodal sensors, are reviewed. Finally, existing wrinkling approaches, designs, and sensing strategies are extrapolated into future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, South Korea
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, South Korea
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20
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Zhao Z, Lu Y, Mi Y, Meng J, Cao X, Wang N. Structural Flexibility in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Review on the Adaptive Design for Self-Powered Systems. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101586. [PMID: 36295939 PMCID: PMC9610431 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for structural flexibility in self-powered wearable electronics and other Internet of Things (IoT), where adaptable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) play a key role in realizing the true potential of IoT by endowing the latter with self-sustainability. Thus, in this review, the topic was restricted to the adaptive design of TENGs with structural flexibility that aims to promote the sustainable operation of various smart electronics. This review begins with an emphatical discussion of the concept of flexible electronics and TENGs, and continues with the introduction of TENG-based self-powered intelligent systems while placing the emphasis on self-powered flexible intelligent devices. Self-powered healthcare sensors, e-skins, and other intelligent wearable electronics with enhanced intelligence and efficiency in practical applications due to the integration with TENGs are illustrated, along with an emphasis on the design strategy of structural flexibility of TENGs and the associated integration schemes. This review aims to cover recent achievements in the field of self-powered systems, and provides information on how flexibility or adaptability in TENGs can be adopted, their types, and why they are required in promoting advanced IoT applications with sustainability and intelligence algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Zhao
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajun Mi
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiajing Meng
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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21
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Zhou Y, Lian H, Li Z, Yin L, Ji Q, Li K, Qi F, Huang Y. Crack engineering boosts the performance of flexible sensors. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Zhou
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Flexible Electronics Research Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Haoxiang Lian
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Flexible Electronics Research Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhenlei Li
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Liting Yin
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Flexible Electronics Research Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qian Ji
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Flexible Electronics Research Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Fei Qi
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - YongAn Huang
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Flexible Electronics Research Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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22
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Nabeel M, Varga M, Kuzsella L, Fiser B, Vanyorek L, Viskolcz B. The Effect of Pore Volume on the Behavior of Polyurethane-Foam-Based Pressure Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173652. [PMID: 36080726 PMCID: PMC9459917 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, three different polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared by mixing commonly used isocyanate and polyol with different isocyanate indices (1.0:0.8, 1.0:1.0, 1.0:1.1). Then, the prepared polyurethane foam samples were coated by dip-coating with a fixed ratio of nitrogen-doped, bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes (N-BCNTs) to obtain pressure sensor systems. The effect of the isocyanate index on the initial resistance, pressure sensitivity, gauge factor (GF), and repeatability of the N-BCNT/PU pressure sensor systems was studied. The pore volume was crucial in finetuning the PU-foam-based sensors ability to detect large strain. Furthermore, large pore volume provides suitable spatial pores for elastic deformation. Sensors with large pore volume can detect pressure of less than 3 kPa, which could be related to their sensitivity in the high range. Moreover, by increasing the pore volume, the electrical percolation threshold can be achieved with a minimal addition of nanofillers. On the other hand, PU with a smaller pore volume is more suitable to detect pressure above 3 kPa. The developed sensors have been successfully applied in many applications, such as motion monitoring and vibration detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nabeel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
- Ministry of Science and Technology—Materials Research Directorate, Baghdad 10011, Iraq
| | - Miklós Varga
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - László Kuzsella
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - Béla Fiser
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
- Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, 90200 Beregszász, Transcarpathia, Ukraine
| | - László Vanyorek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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23
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Sikdar P, Dip TM, Dhar AK, Bhattacharjee M, Hoque MS, Ali SB. Polyurethane (
PU
) based multifunctional materials: Emerging paradigm for functional textiles, smart, and biomedical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sikdar
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | | | - Avik K. Dhar
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | | | - Md. Saiful Hoque
- Department of Human Ecology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Textile Engineering Daffodil International University 102 Shukrabad, Dhanmondi Dhaka Bangladesh
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24
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Hu J, Ren P, Zhu G, Yang J, Li Y, Zong Z, Sun Z. Serpentine-inspired Strain Sensor with Predictable Cracks for Remote Bio-Mechanical Signal Monitoring. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200372. [PMID: 35759398 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The flexible strain sensors have attracted intense interests due to their application as intelligent wearable electronic devices. However, it is still a huge challenge to achieve the flexible sensor with simultaneous high sensitivity, excellent durability and wide sensing region. In this work, a crack-based strain sensor with paired-serpentine conductive network is fabricated onto flexible film by screen printing. The innovative conductive network exhibits a controlled crack morphology during stretching, which endows the prepared sensor with outstanding sensing characteristics, including the high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 2391.5), wide detection (rang up to 132%), low strain detection limit, fast response time (about 40 ms), as well as excellent durability (more than 2000 stretching/releasing cycles). Benefiting from these excellent performances, full-range human body motions including subtle physiological signals and large motions are accurately detected by the prepared sensor. Besides, wearable electronic equipment integrated with wireless transmitter and the prepared strain sensor shows great potential for remote motion monitoring and intelligent mobile diagnosis for humans. This work provides an effective strategy for the fabrication of the novel strain sensors with highly comprehensive performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Penggang Ren
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China.,College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Yang
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhao Li
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Zong
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Sun
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
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25
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Park C, Choi M, Lee S, Kim H, Lee T, Billah MM, Jung B, Jang J. Highly Sensitive, Stretchable Pressure Sensor Using Blue Laser Annealed CNTs. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132127. [PMID: 35807963 PMCID: PMC9268723 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A piezoresistive sensor is an essential component of wearable electronics that can detect resistance changes when pressure is applied. In general, microstructures of sensing layers have been adopted as an effective approach to enhance piezoresistive performance. However, the mold-casted microstructures typically have quite a thick layer with dozens of microscales. In this paper, a carbon microstructure is formed by blue laser annealing (BLA) on a carbon nanotube (CNT) layer, which changes the surface morphology of CNTs into carbonaceous protrusions and increases its thickness more than four times compared to the as-deposited layer. Then, the pressure sensor is fabricated using a spin-coating of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) elastomer on the BLA CNTs layer. A 1.32 µm-thick pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 6.87 × 105 kPa−1, a wide sensing range of 278 Pa~40 kPa and a fast response/recovery time of 20 ms, respectively. The stability of the pressure sensor is demonstrated by the repeated loading and unloading of 20 kPa for 4000 cycles. The stretchable pressure sensor was also demonstrated using lateral CNT electrodes on SEBS surface, exhibiting stable pressure performance, with up to 20% stretching.
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26
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Flexible pressure sensors via engineering microstructures for wearable human-machine interaction and health monitoring applications. iScience 2022; 25:104148. [PMID: 35402860 PMCID: PMC8991382 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors capable of transducing pressure stimuli into electrical signals have drawn extensive attention owing to their potential applications for human-machine interaction and healthcare monitoring. To meet these application demands, engineering microstructures in the pressure sensors are an efficient way to improve key sensing performances, such as sensitivity, linear sensing range, response time, hysteresis, and durability. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the fabrication and application of high-performance flexible pressure sensors via engineering microstructures. The implementation mechanisms and fabrication strategies of microstructures including micropatterned, porous, fiber-network, and multiple microstructures are systematically summarized. The applications of flexible pressure sensors with microstructures in the fields of wearable human-machine interaction, and ex vivo and in vivo healthcare monitoring are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the outlook and challenges in the future improvement of flexible pressure sensors toward practical applications are presented.
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27
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Xiao J, Xiong Y, Chen J, Zhao S, Chen S, Xu B, Sheng B. Ultrasensitive and highly stretchable fibers with dual conductive microstructural sheaths for human motion and micro vibration sensing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1962-1970. [PMID: 35060589 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08380e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Conductive and stretchable fibers are important components of the increasingly popular wearable electronic devices as they meet the design requirements of excellent electrical conductivity, stretchability, and wearability. In this work, we developed a novel dual conductive-sheath fiber (DCSF) with a conductive sheath composed of a porous elastic conductive layer and cracked metal networks, thus achieving ultrahigh sensitivity under a large strain range. The core of the DCSF is made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastic fiber wrapped in a porous stretchable conductive layer composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and TPU. Next, a layer of gold film is deposited on the surface of the porous stretchable conductive layer by ion beam sputtering. Due to the fast response time of 184 ms and ultrahigh sensitivity in the 0-100% strain range (a gauge factor of 184.50 for a strain of 0-10%, 4.12 × 105 for 10%-30%, and 2.80 × 105 for 30%-100%) of the DCSF strain sensor, we successfully wove the fiber strain sensor into gloves and could realize the recognition of different hand gestures. Also the DCSF strain sensor can be applied to detect microvibrations efficiently. The demonstrated DCSF has potential applications in the development of smart wearable devices and micro vibration sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Xiao
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shangbi Chen
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Xin Yue Lian Hui Electronic Technology Co. LTD, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Banglian Xu
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
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28
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Zhao Y, Shen T, Zhang M, Yin R, Zheng Y, Liu H, Sun H, Liu C, Shen C. Advancing the pressure sensing performance of conductive CNT/PDMS composite film by constructing a hierarchical-structured surface. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Fu X, Zhang J, Xiao J, Kang Y, Yu L, Jiang C, Pan Y, Dong H, Gao S, Wang Y. A high-resolution, ultrabroad-range and sensitive capacitive tactile sensor based on a CNT/PDMS composite for robotic hands. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18780-18788. [PMID: 34750598 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tactile sensors are of great significance for robotic perception improvement to realize stable object manipulation and accurate object identification. To date, developing a broad-range tactile sensor array with high sensitivity economically remains a critical challenge. In this study, a flexible capacitive tactile sensor array, consisting of a carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, parylene films, and two polyimide (PI) films patterned with electrodes, is facilely prepared. The CNT/PDMS film, acting as a giant dielectric permittivity material, is utilized to improve the sensitivity, while the parylene film serves as the scaffold architecture to extend the working range of the tactile sensor array. Also, it is promising to realize mass production for this sensor array due to the scalable fabrication procedure. The as-prepared sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance with a high sensitivity of 1.61% kPa-1 (<1 MPa), an ultra-broad pressure working range of 0.9 kPa-2.55 MPa, an outstanding durability, a stability up to 5000 cycles, and a fast response time. By integrating our tactile sensor array with a robotic gripper, we show that robots can successfully differentiate object shapes and manipulate light and heavy objects with a closed-loop pressure feedback, demonstrating its great potential in robotic perception and wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yuran Kang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Longteng Yu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Chengpeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shuaikang Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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30
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Zhu G, Ren P, Hu J, Yang J, Jia Y, Chen Z, Ren F, Gao J. Flexible and Anisotropic Strain Sensors with the Asymmetrical Cross-Conducting Network for Versatile Bio-Mechanical Signal Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44925-44934. [PMID: 34496570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors with high performance are actively and widely investigated for wearable electronic devices. However, the conventional sensors often suffer from a lack of detection of complex multidimensional strain, which severely limits their wide applications. To overcome this critical challenge, we propose a pattern design by screen printing to construct an asymmetrical cross-conductive network in the piezoresistive strain sensor, which can enhance the response to external stimuli in different directions. The unique network endows the prepared sensors with the excellent ability of instantaneous detection and accurate identification of multidimensional strains. Moreover, the sensor also demonstrates high sensitivity, fast response, an ultra-wide sensing range, and excellent stability and durability. Benefiting from the outstanding comprehensive performance of the prepared sensor, a full range of human actions (wink, smile, swallowing, and joint bending) and subtle bio-signals (pulse and breathing) are easily and accurately monitored. A wireless wearable device assembled by the sensor shows great potential applications in practical real-time physiological monitoring and intelligent mobile diagnosis for humans. This work provides an innovative and effective strategy for manufacturing flexible and multifunctional strain sensors to fully satisfy versatile applications of new-generation wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Penggang Ren
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jie Hu
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yangpeng Jia
- Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zhengyan Chen
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Fang Ren
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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31
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Ma C, Liu YF, Bi YG, Zhang XL, Yin D, Feng J, Sun HB. Recent progress in post treatment of silver nanowire electrodes for optoelectronic device applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12423-12437. [PMID: 34259675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the economical and practical solution synthesis and coating strategies, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most suitable alternative materials to replace commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. The primitive AgNW electrode cannot meet the requirements for preparing high performance optoelectronic devices due to its high contact resistance, large surface roughness and poor stability. Thus, various post-treatments for AgNW film optimization are needed before its actual applications, such as welding treatment to decrease contact resistance and passivation to increase film stability. This review investigates recent progress on the preparation and optimization of AgNWs. Moreover, some unique fabrication strategies to produce highly oriented AgNW films with unique anisotropic properties have also been carried out with detailed analysis. The representative devices based on the AgNW electrode have been summarized and discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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32
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Won P, Kim KK, Kim H, Park JJ, Ha I, Shin J, Jung J, Cho H, Kwon J, Lee H, Ko SH. Transparent Soft Actuators/Sensors and Camouflage Skins for Imperceptible Soft Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002397. [PMID: 33089569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The advent of soft robotics has led to great advancements in robots, wearables, and even manufacturing processes by employing entirely soft-bodied systems that interact safely with any random surfaces while providing great mechanical compliance. Moreover, recent developments in soft robotics involve advances in transparent soft actuators and sensors that have made it possible to construct robots that can function in a visually and mechanically unobstructed manner, assisting the operations of robots and creating more applications in various fields. In this aspect, imperceptible soft robotics that mainly consist of optically transparent imperceptible hardware components is expected to constitute a new research focus in the forthcoming era of soft robotics. Here, the recent progress regarding extended imperceptible soft robotics is provided, including imperceptible transparent soft robotics (transparent soft actuators/sensors) and imperceptible nontransparent camouflage skins. Their principles, materials selections, and working mechanisms are discussed so that key challenges and perspectives in imperceptible soft robotic systems can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Won
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyun Kyu Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Inho Ha
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Shin
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyunmin Cho
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Kwon
- Manufacturing System R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, South Korea
| | - Habeom Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehag-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design/Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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33
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Pataniya PM, Bhakhar SA, Tannarana M, Zankat C, Patel V, Solanki G, Patel K, Jha PK, Late DJ, Sumesh C. Highly sensitive and flexible pressure sensor based on two-dimensional MoSe2 nanosheets for online wrist pulse monitoring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:495-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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34
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Li D, Wang L, Ji W, Wang H, Yue X, Sun Q, Li L, Zhang C, Liu J, Lu G, Yu HD, Huang W. Embedding Silver Nanowires into a Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Film for Flexible Electrochromic Devices with High Electromechanical Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1735-1742. [PMID: 33356085 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive films (TCFs) based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) are becoming one of the best candidates in realizing flexible optoelectronic devices. The AgNW-based TCF is usually prepared by coating AgNWs on a transparent polymer film; however, the coated AgNWs easily detach from the polymer underneath because of the weak adhesion between them. Herein, a network of AgNWs is embedded in the transparent hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose film, which has a strong adhesion with the AgNWs. The obtained TCF shows high optical transmittance (>85%), low roughness (rms = 4.8 ± 0.5 nm), and low haze (<0.2%). More importantly, owing to the embedding structure and strong adhesion, this TCF also shows excellent electromechanical stability, which is superior to the reported ones. Employing this TCF in a flexible electrochromic device, the obtained device exhibits excellent cyclic electromechanical stability and high coloring efficiency. Our work demonstrates a promising TCF with superior electromechanical stability for future applications in flexible optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Yue
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Qizeng Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Gang Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hai-Dong Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, PR China
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Liu Z, Liang T, Xin Y, Huang J, Liang J, He X, Zhang C, Yang W, He X. Natural bamboo leaves as dielectric layers for flexible capacitive pressure sensors with adjustable sensitivity and a broad detection range. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17291-17300. [PMID: 35479709 PMCID: PMC9032770 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a high-performance capacitive sensor for diverse application scenarios has posed requirements for the sensor to have high sensitivity, broad detection range, and cost-effectiveness. In this experiment, a flexible pressure sensor with a high sensitivity of 2.08 kPa−1 at pressure lower than 1 kPa, as well as a wide working range of 0–600 kPa and remarkable stability (for at least 4000 cycles), was designed. In the device structure, silver nanowires (Ag NWs)/MXene-composite-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and natural bamboo leaves at different growth stages were used as the electrode and the micro-structured dielectric layers, respectively. The rough surface of the composite conductive materials and the hierarchical microstructure of the bamboo leaves ensured a high sensitivity and broad pressure range of the sandwich-structured sensor, and the different sizes of the microstructures yielded adjustable sensitivity of the sensor. Furthermore, the outstanding performance of the proposed device made it possible to detect the actual object load, human physical stimuli, and proximity distance, demonstrating applications of flexible and wearable devices in various fields, such as weight/force tapping, breath/wrist pulse/speech, joint bending, and approach distance. Capacitive pressure sensors based on bamboo leaves endow adjustable sensitivity, wide working range and remarkable stability, indicating promising applications in diverse application scenarios.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- School of Applied Physics and Materials
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Tianlong Liang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Jionghong Liang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Weijia Yang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Xin He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
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36
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Lv G, Hu X, Hao L, Tian H, Shao J, Yu D. Facile Fabrication of a Flexible Patterned Film with Diverse Micro-/Nanostructures via Electrohydrodynamic Patterning. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Lv
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipments, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lu Hao
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipments, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Demei Yu
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipments, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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37
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Syntheses of Silver Nanowires Ink and Printable Flexible Transparent Conductive Film: A Review. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, flexible transparent conductive film (FTCF) is one of the important components of many flexible electronic devices. Due to comprehensive performances on optoelectronics, FTCF based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks have received great attention and are expected to be a new generation of transparent conductive film materials. Due to its simple process, printed electronic technology is now an important technology for the rapid production of low-cost and high-quality flexible electronic devices. AgNWs-based FTCF fabricated by using printed electronic technology is considered to be the most promising process. Here, the preparation and performance of AgNW ink are introduced. The current printing technologies are described, including gravure printing, screen printing and inkjet printing. In addition, the latest methods to improve the conductivity, adhesion, and stability of AgNWs-based FTCF are introduced. Finally, the applications of AgNWs-based FTCF in solar cells, transparent film heaters, optoelectronic devices, touch panel, and sensors are introduced in detail. Therefore, combining various printing technologies with AgNWs ink may provide more opportunities for the development of flexible electronic devices in the future.
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Cao M, Fan S, Qiu H, Su D, Li L, Su J. CB Nanoparticles Optimized 3D Wearable Graphene Multifunctional Piezoresistive Sensor Framed by Loofah Sponge. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36540-36547. [PMID: 32678977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) wearable piezoresistive sensors with excellent performance are urgently needed in many emerging fields. Herein, a hybrid piezoresistive sensor with 3D structure, which is framed by loofah sponge and coated with reduced graphene oxide modified with carbon black nanoparticles (rGO-CB@LS), was obtained via a facile solvothermal method. The ingenious use of loofah sponge (LS) provides a 3D highly ordered structure with excellent flexibility for the hybrid sensor, which assists the sensor free from the dependence on an organic substrate and eliminates the pollution to the environment. While the addition of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles can reduce the contact resistance between rGO sheets, improve the conductivity and sensitivity effectively, and shorten the response/recovery time of the sensor. An ultralight piezoresistive sensor, which is low cost and environmentally friendly, was obtained under the synergy of LS and rGO-CB, accompanied by high sensitivity and good stability. This novel sensor also exhibits excellent performance in detecting tiny and big human activities, demonstrating its great potential for a new generation of 3D wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuangqing Fan
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dongliang Su
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Le Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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