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Fan X, Feng W, Wang S, Chen Y, Zheng WJ, Yan J. Fluorine-Containing Ionogels with Stretchable, Solvent-Resistant, Wide Temperature Tolerance, and Transparent Properties for Ionic Conductors. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1013. [PMID: 38611271 PMCID: PMC11014108 DOI: 10.3390/polym16071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Stretchable ionogels, as soft ion-conducting materials, have generated significant interest. However, the integration of multiple functions into a single ionogel, including temperature tolerance, self-adhesiveness, and stability in diverse environments, remains a challenge. In this study, a new class of fluorine-containing ionogels was synthesized through photo-initiated copolymerization of fluorinated hexafluorobutyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate in a fluorinated ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. The resulting ionogels demonstrate good stretchability with a fracture strain of ~1300%. Owing to the advantages of the fluorinated network and the ionic liquid, the ionogels show excellent stability in air and vacuum, as well as in various solvent media such as water, sodium chloride solution, and hexane. Additionally, the ionogels display impressive wide temperature tolerance, functioning effectively within a wide temperature range from -60 to 350 °C. Moreover, due to their adhesive properties, the ionogels can be easily attached to various substrates, including plastic, rubber, steel, and glass. Sensors made of these ionogels reliably respond to repetitive tensile-release motion and finger bending in both air and underwater. These findings suggest that the developed ionogels hold great promise for application in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wen Jiang Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China (Y.C.)
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2
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Maitland GL, Liu M, Neal TJ, Hammerton J, Han Y, Worrall SD, Topham PD, Derry MJ. Block copolymer synthesis in ionic liquid via polymerisation-induced self-assembly: a convenient route to gel electrolytes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4416-4426. [PMID: 38516087 PMCID: PMC10952082 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA) formulation in ionic liquid (IL) that yields worm gels. A series of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PHEMA-b-PBzMA) block copolymer nanoparticles were synthesised via RAFT dispersion polymerisation of benzyl methacrylate in the hydrophilic IL 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium dicyanamide, [EMIM][DCA]. This RAFT-PISA formulation can be controlled to afford spherical, worm-like and vesicular nano-objects, with free-standing gels being obtained over a broad range of PBzMA core-forming degrees of polymerisation (DPs). High monomer conversions (≥96%) were obtained within 2 hours for all PISA syntheses as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and good control over molar mass was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Nanoparticle morphologies were identified using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and further detailed characterisation was conducted to monitor rheological, electrochemical and thermal characteristics of the nanoparticle dispersions to assess their potential in future electronic applications. Most importantly, this new PISA formulation in IL facilitates the in situ formation of worm ionogel electrolyte materials at copolymer concentrations >4% w/w via efficient and convenient synthesis routes without the need for organic co-solvents or post-polymerisation processing/purification. Moreover, we demonstrate that the worm ionogels developed in this work exhibit comparable electrochemical properties and thermal stability to that of the IL alone, showcasing their potential as gel electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia L Maitland
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Thomas J Neal
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - James Hammerton
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Yisong Han
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Stephen D Worrall
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Paul D Topham
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
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Patel V, Das E, Bhargava A, Deshmukh S, Modi A, Srivastava R. Ionogels for flexible conductive substrates and their application in biosensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127736. [PMID: 38183203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Ionogels are highly conductive gels made from ionic liquids dispersed in a matrix made of organic or inorganic materials. Ionogels are known for high ionic conductivity, flexibility, high thermal and electrochemical stability. These characteristics make them suitable for sensing and biosensing applications. This review discusses about the two main constituents, ionic liquids and matrix, used to make ionogels and effect of these materials on the characteristics of ionogels. Here, the material properties like mechanical, electrochemical and stability are discussed for both polymer matrix and ionic liquid. We have briefly described about the fabrication methods like 3D printing, sol-gel, blade coating, spin coating, aerosol jet printing etc., used to make films or coating of these ionogels. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are also briefly summarized. Finally, the last section provides a few examples of application of flexible ionogels in areas like wearables, human-machine interface, electronic skin and detection of biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Eatu Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Ameesha Bhargava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Sharvari Deshmukh
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences and Research, MIT ADT University, Loni Kalbhor, Pune 412201, India
| | - Anam Modi
- G.N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India.
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Choi SG, Kang SH, Lee JY, Park JH, Kang SK. Recent advances in wearable iontronic sensors for healthcare applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1335188. [PMID: 38162187 PMCID: PMC10757853 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1335188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Iontronic sensors have garnered significant attention as wearable sensors due to their exceptional mechanical performance and the ability to maintain electrical performance under various mechanical stimuli. Iontronic sensors can respond to stimuli like mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature, which has led to exploration of their potential as versatile sensors. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent researches and developments on several types of iontronic sensors (e.g., pressure, strain, humidity, temperature, and multi-modal sensors), in terms of their sensing principles, constituent materials, and their healthcare-related applications is provided. The strategies for improving the sensing performance and environmental stability of iontronic sensors through various innovative ionic materials and structural designs are reviewed. This review also provides the healthcare applications of iontronic sensors that have gained increased feasibility and broader applicability due to the improved sensing performance. Lastly, outlook section discusses the current challenges and the future direction in terms of the applicability of the iontronic sensors to the healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Geun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zeng W, Yang W, Chai L, Jiang Y, Deng L, Yang G. Liquid-Free, Self-Repairable, Recyclable, and Highly Stretchable Colorless Solid Ionic Conductive Elastomers for Strain/Temperature Sensors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301800. [PMID: 37496278 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) can fundamentally overcome the disadvantages of hydrogels and ionogels (their liquid components tend to leak or evaporate), and are considered to be ideal materials for flexible ionic sensors. In this study, a liquid-free ionic polyurethane (PU) type conductive elastomer (ICE-2) was synthesized and studied. The PU type matrix with microphase separation endowed ICE-2 with excellent mechanical versatility. The disulfide bond exchange reaction in the hard phase and intermolecular hydrogen bonds contributed to damage repairing ability. ICE-2 exhibited good ionic conductivity (2.86×10-6 S/cm), high transparency (average transmittance >89 %, 400~800 nm), excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 3.06 MPa, elongation at break of 1760 %, and fracture energy of 14.98 kJ/m2 ), appreciable self-healing ability (healing efficiency >90 %), satisfactory environmental stability, and outstanding recyclability. The sensor constructed by ICE-2 could not only realize the perception of temperature changes, but also accurately and sensitively detect various human activities, including joint movements and micro-expression changes. This study provides a simple and effective strategy for the development of flexible and soft ionic conductors for sensors and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyi Zeng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- National Engineering Research Center of, Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- National Engineering Research Center of, Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Liang Chai
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- National Engineering Research Center of, Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yanxin Jiang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- National Engineering Research Center of, Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Longjiang Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- National Engineering Research Center of, Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- National Engineering Research Center of, Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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6
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Zhao W, Lin Z, Sun Z, Zhu Z, Lin W, Xu Y, Peng Z, Sun Z, Wang Z. Road Narrow-Inspired Strain Concentration to Wide-Range-Tunable Gauge Factor of Ionic Hydrogel Strain Sensor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303338. [PMID: 37541312 PMCID: PMC10558700 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of stretchable strain sensors in human movement recognition, health monitoring, and soft robotics has attracted wide attention. Compared with traditional electronic conductors, stretchable ionic hydrogels are more attractive to organization-like soft electronic devices yet suffer poor sensitivity due to limited ion conduction modulation caused by their intrinsic soft chain network. This paper proposes a strategy to modulate ion transport behavior by geometry-induced strain concentration to adjust and improve the sensitivity of ionic hydrogel-based strain sensors (IHSS). Inspired by the phenomenon of vehicles slowing down and changing lanes when the road narrows, the strain redistribution of ionic hydrogel is optimized by structural and mechanical parameters to produce a strain-induced resistance boost. As a result, the gauge factor of the IHSS is continuously tunable from 1.31 to 9.21 in the strain range of 0-100%, which breaks through the theoretical limit of homogeneous strain-distributed ionic hydrogels and ensures a linear electromechanical response simultaneously. Overall, this study offers a universal route to modulate the ion transport behavior of ionic hydrogels mechanically, resulting in a tunable sensitivity for IHSS to better serve different application scenarios, such as health monitoring and human-machine interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhao
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShenzhenShenzhen518172China
| | - Zhuofan Lin
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano SensorsState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for SocietyShenzhen518129China
| | - Zhihao Zhu
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano SensorsState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Waner Lin
- Department of Micro‐Nano ElectronicsSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Yingtian Xu
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShenzhenShenzhen518172China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- Department of Micro‐Nano ElectronicsSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Zhenglong Sun
- School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShenzhenShenzhen518172China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for SocietyShenzhen518129China
| | - Ziya Wang
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano SensorsState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
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7
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Li X, Sun F. An Ultrastretchable Gradient Ionogel Induced by a Self-Floating Strategy for Strain Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37717-37727. [PMID: 37523492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of gradient ionogels for flexible strain sensors remains challenging because of the complex preparation procedures, and it is still difficult to prepare highly stretchable ionogels (strain > 10000%). In this study, a strategy is proposed to successfully fabricate gradient ionogels and apply them to flexible strain sensors by utilizing the self-floating character of the polysiloxane cross-linker. A gradient ionogel with ultrahigh stretchability (>14000%) is prepared via a one-step in situ photopolymerization process of the precursor with long-chain poly(dimethylsiloxane) bis(2-methyl acrylate) (PDMSMA). PDMSMA, which has a self-floating ability and excellent flexibility, induces a gradient composition distribution in the ionogel, thereby endowing the ionogel with superior stretchability and gradient changes in conductivity and adhesivity from the top to the bottom layer. Because of multiple molecular interactions, the bottom surface of the ionogel possesses good resilience and self-adhesion, whereas the top surface, which has a high PDMSMA content, shows a nonsticky performance. As a result, a singular gradient ionogel having both a sticky bottom surface and a nonsticky top surface is achieved. Furthermore, the flexible strain sensor that is created based on these gradient ionogels exhibits high sensitivity (its gauge factor reaching 5.08), a wide detection range (1-1500%), fast response times, and good linearity. Notably, the detection signal remains repeatable over 1000 uninterrupted strain cycles. The fabricated strain sensor was further utilized to monitor joint movements and physiological signals. This work provides a facile strategy for fabricating gradient ionogels and shows their application potential in the field of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Anqing Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Anqing 246000, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Liang Y, Liu Y. Polyurethanes Modified by Ionic Liquids and Their Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11627. [PMID: 37511385 PMCID: PMC10380480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) refers to the polymer containing carbamate groups in its molecular structure, generally obtained by the reaction of isocyanate and alcohol. Because of its flexible formulation, diverse product forms, and excellent performance, it has been widely used in mechanical engineering, electronic equipment, biomedical applications, etc. Through physical or chemical methods, ionic groups are introduced into PU, which gives PU electrical conductivity, flame-retardant, and antistatic properties, thus expanding the application fields of PU, especially in flexible devices such as sensors, actuators, and functional membranes for batteries and gas absorption. In this review, we firstly introduced the characteristics of PU in chemical and microphase structures and their related physical and chemical performance. To improve the performance of PU, ionic liquids (ILs) were applied in the processing or synthesis of PU, resulting in a new type of PU called ionic PU. In the following part of this review, we mainly summarized the fabrication methods of IL-modified PUs via physical blending and the chemical copolymerization method. Then, we summarized the research progress of the applications for IL-modified PUs in different fields, including sensors, actuators, transistors, antistatic films, etc. Finally, we discussed the future development trends and challenges faced by IL-modified PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yongri Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yingdan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Suen JW, Elumalai NK, Debnath S, Mubarak NM, Lim CI, Reddy Moola M, Tan YS, Khalid M. Investigating the Correlation between Electrolyte Concentration and Electrochemical Properties of Ionogels. Molecules 2023; 28:5192. [PMID: 37446854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionogels are hybrid materials comprising an ionic liquid confined within a polymer matrix. They have garnered significant interest due to their unique properties, such as high ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and wide electrochemical stability. These properties make ionogels suitable for various applications, including energy storage devices, sensors, and solar cells. However, optimizing the electrochemical performance of ionogels remains a challenge, as the relationship between specific capacitance, ionic conductivity, and electrolyte solution concentration is yet to be fully understood. In this study, we investigate the impact of electrolyte solution concentration on the electrochemical properties of ionogels to identify the correlation for enhanced performance. Our findings demonstrate a clear relationship between the specific capacitance and ionic conductivity of ionogels, which depends on the availability of mobile ions. The reduced number of ions at low electrolyte solution concentrations leads to decreased ionic conductivity and specific capacitance due to the scarcity of a double layer, constraining charge storage capacity. However, at a 31 vol% electrolyte solution concentration, an ample quantity of ions becomes accessible, resulting in increased ionic conductivity and specific capacitance, reaching maximum values of 58 ± 1.48 μS/cm and 45.74 F/g, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized ionogel demonstrates a wide electrochemical stability of 3.5 V, enabling diverse practical applications. This study provides valuable insights into determining the optimal electrolyte solution concentration for enhancing ionogel electrochemical performance for energy applications. It highlights the impact of ion pairs and aggregates on ion mobility within ionogels, subsequently affecting their resultant electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wei Suen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Malaysia
| | - Naveen Kumar Elumalai
- Energy and Resources Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Sujan Debnath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
| | - Chye Ing Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Malaysia
| | - Mohan Reddy Moola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Malaysia
| | - Yee Seng Tan
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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10
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Zhu H, Cheng Y, Li S, Xu M, Yang X, Li T, Du Y, Liu Y, Song H. Stretchable and recyclable gelatin Ionogel based ionic skin with extensive temperature tolerant, self-healing, UV-shielding, and sensing capabilities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125417. [PMID: 37331536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating sustainable ionic skin with multi-functional outstanding performances using biocompatible natural polymer-based ionogel is highly desired but remains a great challenge up to now. Herein, a green and recyclable ionogel has been fabricated by in-situ cross-linking of gelatin with a green bio-based multifunctional cross-linker of Triglycidyl Naringenin in ionic liquid. Benefiting from the unique multifunctional chemical crosslinking networks along with multiple reversible non-covalent interactions, the as-prepared ionogels exhibit high stretchability (>1000 %), excellent elasticity, fast room-temperature self-healability (>98 % healing efficiency at 6 min), and good recyclability. These ionogels are also highly conductive (up to 30.7 mS/cm at 150 °C), and exhibit extensive temperature tolerance (-23 to 252 °C) and outstanding UV-shielding ability. As a result, the as-prepared ionogel can easily be applied as stretchable ionic skin for wearable sensors, which exhibits high sensitivity, fast response time (102 ms), excellent temperature tolerance, and stability over 5000 stretching-relaxing cycles. More importantly, the gelatin-based sensor can be used in signal monitor system for various human motion real-time detection. This sustainable and multifunctional ionogel provides a new idea for easy and green preparation of advanced ionic skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Xuemeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Tianci Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Yonggang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050043, PR China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China.
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11
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Liu Z, Jiang Q, Bisoyi HK, Zhu G, Nie ZZ, Jiang K, Yang H, Li Q. Multifunctional Ionic Conductive Anisotropic Elastomers with Self-Wrinkling Microstructures by In Situ Phase Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37267423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional flexible sensors are the development trend of wearable electronic devices in the future. As the core of flexible sensors, the key is to construct a stable multifunctional integrated conductive elastomer. Here, ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) with self-wrinkling microstructures are designed and prepared by in situ phase separation induced by a one-step polymerization reaction. The ICEs are composed of ionic liquids as ionic conductors doped into liquid crystal elastomers. The doped ionic liquids cluster into small droplets and in situ induce the formation of wrinkle structures on the upper surface of the films. The prepared ICEs exhibit mechanochromism, conductivity, large tensile strain, low hysteresis, high cycle stability, and sensitivity during the tension-release process, which achieve dual-mode outputs of optical and electrical signals for information transmission and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Guanqun Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Nie
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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12
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Zhang M, Xia X, Zhang L, Zhao G, Liu C, Li N, Xu J, Chen Y, Jian X. Design of healable, porous polyurethane with large ionic liquids loading amounts towards ultra-durable pressure sensor. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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13
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Fan X, Liu S, Jia Z, Koh JJ, Yeo JCC, Wang CG, Surat'man NE, Loh XJ, Le Bideau J, He C, Li Z, Loh TP. Ionogels: recent advances in design, material properties and emerging biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2497-2527. [PMID: 36928878 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL)-based gels (ionogels) have received considerable attention due to their unique advantages in ionic conductivity and their biphasic liquid-solid phase property. In ionogels, the negligibly volatile ionic liquid is retained in the interconnected 3D pore structure. On the basis of these physical features as well as the chemical properties of well-chosen ILs, there is emerging interest in the anti-bacterial and biocompatibility aspects. In this review, the recent achievements of ionogels for biomedical applications are summarized and discussed. Following a brief introduction of the various types of ILs and their key physicochemical and biological properties, the design strategies and fabrication methods of ionogels are presented by means of different confining networks. These sophisticated ionogels with diverse functions, aimed at biomedical applications, are further classified into several active domains, including wearable strain sensors, therapeutic delivery systems, wound healing and biochemical detections. Finally, the challenges and possible strategies for the design of future ionogels by integrating materials science with a biological interface are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Fan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - J Justin Koh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jayven Chee Chuan Yeo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Chen-Gang Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Nayli Erdeanna Surat'man
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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14
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Kang B, Gao M, Zhao R, Zhao Z, Song S. Multi-environmentally stable and underwater adhesive DNA ionogels enabling flexible strain sensor. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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15
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Li W, Fan Q, Chai C, Chu Y, Hao J. Ti3C2-MXene Ionogel with Long-Term Stability and High Sensitivity for Wearable Piezoresistive Sensors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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16
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Zhao X, Xu J, Zhang J, Guo M, Wu Z, Li Y, Xu C, Yin H, Wang X. Fluorescent double network ionogels with fast self-healability and high resilience for reliable human motion detection. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:646-656. [PMID: 36533533 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01325h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fascinating properties are displayed by high-performance ionogel-based flexible strain sensors, thereby gaining increasing attention in various applications ranging from human motion monitoring to soft robotics. However, the integration of excellent properties such as optical and mechanical properties and satisfactory sensing performance for one ionogel sensor is still a challenge. In particular, fatigue-resistant and self-healing properties are essential to continuous sensing. Herein, we design a flexible ion-conductive sensor based on a multifunctional ionogel with a double network using polyacrylamide, amino-modified agarose, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The ionogel exhibits comprehensive properties including high transparency (>95%), nonflammability, strong adhesion and good temperature tolerance (about -96 to 260 °C), especially adaptive for extreme conditions. The dynamic imine bonds and abundant hydrogen bonds endow the ionogel with excellent self-healing capability, to realize rapid self-repair within minutes, as well as good mechanical properties and ductility to dissipate input energy and realize high resilience. Notably, unexpected fluorescence has been observed for the ionogel because of the gelation-induced emission phenomenon. Flexible strain sensors prepared directly from ionogels can sensitively monitor and differentiate various human motions, exhibiting a fast response time (38 ms), high sensitivity (gauge factor = 3.13 at 800% strain), good durability (>1000 cycles) and excellent stability over a wide temperature range (-30 to 80 °C). Therefore, the prepared ionogel as a high-performance flexible strain sensor in this study shows tremendous potential in wearable devices and soft ionotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jiaheng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an 271000, P. R. China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Guo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Zhelun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hongzong Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
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17
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Qu M, Lv Y, Ge J, Zhang B, Wu Y, Shen L, Liu Q, Yan M, He J. Hydrophobic and Multifunctional Strain, Pressure and Temperature Sensor Based on TPU/SiO2-ILs Ionogel for Human motion monitoring, Liquid Drop Monitoring, Underwater Applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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18
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Zhang Z, Zhao R, Wang S, Meng J. Recent advances in bio-inspired ionic liquid-based interfacial materials from preparation to application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1117944. [PMID: 36741752 PMCID: PMC9892770 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural creatures always display unique and charming functions, such as the adhesion of mussels and the lubrication of Nepenthes, to maintain their life activities. Bio-inspired interfacial materials infused with liquid, especially for ionic liquids (ILs), have been designed and prepared to meet the emerging and rising needs of human beings. In this review, we first summarize the recent development of bio-inspired IL-based interfacial materials (BILIMs), ranging from the synthesis strategy to the design principle. Then, we discuss the advanced applications of BILIMs from anti-adhesive aspects (e.g., anti-biofouling, anti-liquid fouling, and anti-solid fouling) to adhesive aspects (e.g., biological sensor, adhesive tape, and wound dressing). Finally, the current limitations and future prospects of BILIMs are provided to feed the actual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qingdao Casfuture Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Jingxin Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qingdao Casfuture Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Binzhou, China
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19
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Wang M, Hu J, Dickey MD. Tough Ionogels: Synthesis, Toughening Mechanisms, and Mechanical Properties-A Perspective. JACS AU 2022; 2:2645-2657. [PMID: 36590265 PMCID: PMC9795568 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric ionogels are polymer networks swollen with ionic liquids (i.e., salts with low melting points). Ionogels are interesting due to their unique features such as nonvolatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, excellent ionic conductivity, and nonflammability. These properties enable applications such as unconventional electronics, energy storage devices (i.e., batteries and supercapacitors), sensors and actuators. However, the poor mechanical performance of ionogels (e.g., fracture strength < 1 MPa, modulus < 0.1 MPa, and toughness < 1000 J m-2) have limited their use, thus motivating the need for tough ionogels. This Perspective summarizes recent advances toward tough ionogels by highlighting synthetic methods and toughening mechanisms. Opportunities and promising applications of tough ionogels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jian Hu
- State
Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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20
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Highly Stretchable, Transparent and Adhesive Ionogel Based on Chitosan-Poly(acrylic acid) Double Networks for Flexible Strain Sensors. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120797. [PMID: 36547321 PMCID: PMC9777788 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A stretchable double-network (DN) ionogel composed of a physically crosslinked network of chitosan (CS) and a chemically crosslinked network of polyacrylic acid (PAA) was prepared in an ionic liquid ([EMIM][OAc]) using a one-step polymerization method. In this ionogel (CS/PAA), the CS and the PAA polymer chains served as backbones, which constructed an interpenetrating DN structure via numerous hydrogen bonds formed through the hydroxyl, amino and carboxyl groups on the polymer chains. The DN structure improves the mechanical properties of the ionogel. Therefore, the CS/PAA DN ionogel exhibited outstanding mechanical performance in many ways: tensile strength up to 2.04 MPa, strain range up to 1046% and the value of toughness up to 8.52 MJ/m3. The ionogel also showed good self-recovery performance, fatigue resistance, ability to work in a broad temperature range (-20~80 °C) and adhesion properties. As a flexible sensor, the CS/PAA DN ionogel showed high strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 6.235). It can sensitively detect human motion (such as joint-bending, vocal fold vibration, walking gait and other human body motions), revealing the practical application potential of flexible electronic devices.
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21
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Makarov D, Fadeeva Y, Safonova E, Shmukler L. Predictive modeling of antibacterial activity of ionic liquids by machine learning methods. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 101:107775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Deka N, Bera A, Roy D, De P. Methyl Methacrylate-Based Copolymers: Recent Developments in the Areas of Transparent and Stretchable Active Matrices. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36929-36944. [PMID: 36312394 PMCID: PMC9607668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancements of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a transparent flexible polymer material have been utilized in numerous areas of engineering and materials science. PMMA-based copolymers demonstrate outstanding mechanical and optical properties owing to high transparency, lightweight nature, high impact resistance, and stress relaxation across glass transition temperature. These copolymers have unique characteristics of retaining optical and microstructural integrities during successive bending or elongations which make them an attractive choice for materials of stretchable electronics. In particular, there has been an escalated rise in the use of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based transparent and stretchable copolymer films during the recent decades. Therefore, we have highlighted these recent developments into a comprehensive review in order to aid the future progress in these diverse fields. Herein, we have highlighted the scope of MMA as an important building block for the synthesis of highly transparent and flexible materials. The synthetic pathways of these copolymer materials and the resulting mechanical properties have been discussed. Moreover, the immense scope of these copolymer films has been highlighted by virtue of their applications in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Deka
- Polymer
Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Avisek Bera
- Polymer
Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Debmalya Roy
- Directorate
of Nanomaterials, Defence Materials and
Stores Research and Development Establishment (DMSRDE), GT Road, Kanpur 208013, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer
Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
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23
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Yan L. Deep Eutectic Solvent-Induced Microphase Separation and Entanglement of PVA Chains for Tough and Reprocessable Eutectogels for Sensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12189-12197. [PMID: 36174195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A high-strength PVA-based eutectogel has been synthesized by a strategy of solvent-induced microphase separation. Here, PVA was dissolved in water, and green solvent DES (choline chloride/glycerol) was introduced to induce PVA to undergo microphase separation, leading to poorly solvated domains and highly solvated domains. In poorly solvated domains, the PVA chains were folded and crystallized, and the formed crystalline domains served as physical cross-linkers. Such cross-linking structures endowed the eutectogels with remarkable mechanical properties, showing strength in tension reaching up to 1.2 MPa and elongation at a break of 405%, with rupture toughness of 3.23 MJ m-3. Meanwhile, the as-obtained eutectogel possessed reprocessability and could be recycled through high-temperature dissolution and recasting. In addition, the eutectogel also exhibited excellent frost resistance, and its ionic conductivity could still reach 0.62 mS cm-1 at -40 °C. In addition, the eutectogel can maintain a stable output signal during a multiple strain cycle, showing the potential application in the flexible sensor. The eutectogel is capable of detecting the bending movement of joints and identifying the different bending angles of fingers, showing a certain applied potential in motion detection of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, 230026Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, 230026Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Department of Chemical Physics, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, 230026Anhui, P.R. China
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24
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Park JM, Lim S, Sun JY. Materials development in stretchable iontronics. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6487-6510. [PMID: 36000330 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable iontronics have recently been developed as an ideal interface to promote the interaction between humans and devices. Since the materials that use ions as charge carriers are typically transparent and stretchable, they have been used to fabricate devices with diverse functions with intrinsic transparency and stretchability. With the development of device design, material design has also been investigated to mitigate the issues associated with ionic materials, such as their weak mechanical properties, poor electrical properties, or poor environmental stabilities. In this review, we describe the recent progress on the design of materials in stretchable iontronics. By classifying stretchable ionic materials into three types of components (ionic conductors, ionic semiconductors, and ionic insulators), the issues each component has and the strategies to solve them are introduced, specifically in terms of molecular interactions. We then discuss the existing hurdles and challenges to be handled and shine light on the possibilities and opportunities from the insight of molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Man Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungsoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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25
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Wang Z, Valenzuela C, Wu J, Chen Y, Wang L, Feng W. Bioinspired Freeze-Tolerant Soft Materials: Design, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201597. [PMID: 35971186 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many biological organisms have developed the exceptional antifreezing ability to survive in extremely cold environments. Inspired by the freeze resistance of these organisms, researchers have devoted extensive efforts to develop advanced freeze-tolerant soft materials and explore their potential applications in diverse areas such as electronic skin, soft robotics, flexible energy, and biological science. Herein, a comprehensive overview on the recent advancement of freeze-tolerant soft materials and their emerging applications from the perspective of bioinspiration and advanced material engineering is provided. First, the mechanisms underlying the freeze tolerance of cold-enduring biological organisms are introduced. Then, engineering strategies for developing antifreezing soft materials are summarized. Thereafter, recent advances in freeze-tolerant soft materials for different technological applications such as smart sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage, and cryogenic medical applications are presented. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for the rapid development of bioinspired freeze-tolerant soft materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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26
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Wu Y, Jiang W, Zhang X, Wang J, Chen D, Ma Y, Yang W. Highly conductive, Transparent, Adhesive and Self-healable Ionogel Based on a Deep Eutectic Solvent with Widely Adjustable Mechanical Strength. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200480. [PMID: 35946394 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ionogels have attracted intensive attentions as promising flexible conductive materials. However, simultaneous integration of excellent mechanical properties, high conductivity, outstanding self-healing ability and strong adhesiveness is still challenging. Here, an ingenious composition design is proposed to address this long-standing challenge of ionogels. High-performance PEI/PAA/CMC ionogels, consisted of a loosely cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) network, dynamically cross-linked network based on polycationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyanionic PAA, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) reinforcing filler, are formed in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and urea. Benefiting from the loose PAA network and dynamic noncovalent interactions, ionogels with both highly enhanced mechanical robustness and excellent conductivity are obtained at high loading of DES, overcoming the strength-ductility/conductivity trade-off dilemma. By adjusting PEI/PAA mass ratio, the tensile strength and strain of PEI/PAA/CMC ionogels are effectively controlled in a wide range of 0.15-7.9 MPa and 232-1161%, respectively, while maintaining the desirable conductivity of ∼10-4 S cm-1 . Besides, healed tensile strength over 2.1 MPa and adhesion strength up to 0.2 MPa are achieved for the PEI0.06 /PAA0.25 /CMC0.01 ionogel. The delicate design strategy provides a feasible approach to prepare ionogels with outstanding comprehensive performance, which have potential for applications in flexible electronics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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27
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Li T, Liu F, Yang X, Hao S, Cheng Y, Li S, Zhu H, Song H. Muscle-Mimetic Highly Tough, Conductive, and Stretchable Poly(ionic liquid) Liquid Crystalline Ionogels with Ultrafast Self-Healing, Super Adhesive, and Remarkable Shape Memory Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29261-29272. [PMID: 35699738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a simple method for preparing muscle-mimetic highly tough, conductive, and stretchable liquid crystalline ionogels which contains only one poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) in an ionic liquid via in situ free radical photohomopolymerization by using nitrogen gas instead of air atmosphere. Due to eliminating the inhibition caused by dissolved oxygen, the polymerization under nitrogen gas has much higher molecular weight, lower critical sol-gel concentration, and stronger mechanical properties. More importantly, benefiting from the unique loofah-like microstructures along with the strong internal ionic interactions, entanglements of long PIL chains and liquid crystalline domains, the ionogels show special optical anisotropic, superstretchability (>8000%), high fracture strength (up to 16.52 MPa), high toughness (up to 39.22 MJ/m3), and have ultrafast self-healing, ultrastrong adhesive, and excellent shape memory properties. Due to its excellent stretchability and good conductive-strain responsiveness, the as-prepared ionogel can be easily applied for high-performance flexible and wearable sensors for motion detecting. Therefore, this paper provides an effective route and developed method to generate highly stretchable conductive liquid crystalline ionogels/elastomers that can be used in widespread flexible and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Yang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Hao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongnan Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
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Non-Covalent Interaction on the Self-Healing of Mechanical Properties in Supramolecular Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136902. [PMID: 35805906 PMCID: PMC9266855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are widely utilized and applied in self-assembly or self-healing materials, which can be repaired when damaged. Normally, the healing process is classified into two types, including extrinsic and intrinsic self-healable materials. Therefore, the aim of this work is to review the intrinsic self-healing strategy based on supramolecular interaction or non-covalent interaction and molecular recognition to obtain the improvement of mechanical properties. In this review, we introduce the main background of non-covalent interaction, which consists of the metal–ligand coordination, hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, electrostatic interaction, dipole–dipole interaction, and host–guest interactions, respectively. From the perspective of mechanical properties, these interactions act as transient crosslinking points to both prevent and repair the broken polymer chains. For material utilization in terms of self-healing products, this knowledge can be applied and developed to increase the lifetime of the products, causing rapid healing and reducing accidents and maintenance costs. Therefore, the self-healing materials using supramolecular polymers or non-covalent interaction provides a novel strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of materials causing the extended cycling lifetime of products before replacement with a new one.
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Huang Z, Jin B, Wu H, Zeng Z, Huang M, Wu J, Liao L, Zheng J. Mechanically Robust Dual-Crosslinking Elastomer Enabled by a Facile Self-Crosslinking Approach. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113983. [PMID: 35683281 PMCID: PMC9182282 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We propose a simple but rapid strategy to fabricate self-crosslinked dual-crosslinking elastomers (SCDCEs) with high mechanical properties. The SCDCEs are synthesized through one-pot copolymerization of Butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic amide (AM), and 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO). Both the amino group on AM and the methoxy group on MEMO can be self-crosslinked after polymerization to form a dual-network crosslink consisting of hydrogen bonds crosslink and Si-O-Si covalent bonds crosslink. The SCDC endow optimal elastomer with high mechanical properties (the tensile strength is 6MPa and elongation at break is 490%) as the hydrogen bonds crosslink can serve as sacrificial construction to dissipate stress energy, while covalent crosslinking networks can ensure the elasticity and strength of the material. These two networks also contribute to the recoverability of the elastomers, leading them to recover their original shape and mechanical properties after being subjected to deformation in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Biqiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Haitao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Zihang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Minghui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Lusheng Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nature Rubber Processing, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.H.); (B.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.Z.)
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SEBS-Ionic Liquid Block-Graft Copolymer-based Membranes with High Compatibility for Improved Gas Separation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Lu C, Chen X. Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors toward Artificial Intelligence Applications. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1737455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFlexible piezoionic strain sensors are playing an important role in the field of smart electronic and artificial intelligence. The high sensitivity and superior flexibility make it possible to detect various strain and stress from macro- to microscale precisely. Here, recent progress on flexible piezoionic strain sensors has been summarized into several sections, including sensing mechanism, material engineering, and smart applications. In each section, we present typical scientific works and discuss corresponding critical results. This Account aims to provide broad views for researchers with different academic backgrounds, and then promotes the development of flexible piezoionic strain sensors. Finally, existing challenges and opportunities have been presented to expedite further research works and practical applications of flexible piezoionic strain sensors.1 Introduction2 Sensing Mechanism of Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors3 Material Engineering for Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors3.1 Electrolyte Materials for Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors3.2 Electrode Materials for Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors4 Smart Applications of Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors toward Artificial Intelligence5 Conclusion and Perspective
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University
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Zhang J, Kamio E, Matsuoka A, Nakagawa K, Yoshioka T, Matsuyama H. Novel Tough Ion-Gel-Based CO 2 Separation Membrane with Interpenetrating Polymer Network Composed of Semicrystalline and Cross-Linkable Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhang
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Eiji Kamio
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Center for Environmental Management, Kobe University, 1−1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuoka
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Nakagawa
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yoshioka
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Stretchable and self-healable double-network ionogel with strong adhesion and temperature tolerance for information encryption. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fan Q, Yi M, Chai C, Li W, Qi P, Wang J, Hao J. Oxidation stability enhanced MXene-based porous materials derived from water-in-ionic liquid Pickering emulsions for wearable piezoresistive sensor and oil/water separation applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 618:311-321. [PMID: 35344884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Stemming from their unique superiorities, Ti3C2-MXenes have emerged as versatile 2D materials for a myriad of appealing applications. However, two crucial issues are detrimental to maximize the inherent properties of MXenes for further specific developments, i.e. restacking problem and environmental instability. EXPERIMENTS Herein, we develop an effective strategy, constructing water-in-ionic liquid (W/IL) Pickering emulsions with further polymerization of the continuous phase, to fabricate oxidation stability enhanced Ti3C2-MXene based porous materials. It is the first time to utilize a brand new platform between the immiscible IL and water for MXene nanosheets to assemble with guest species serving as building blocks for macromonoliths. FINDINGS The prepared porous materials can provide elastic hollow-sphere structures derived from emulsion template, for wearable piezoresistive sensor with high sensitivity, excellent accuracy and favorable reproducibility. Intriguingly, ILs as dispersion and surface modification with polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) play indispensable roles in ameliorating oxidation stability of MXenes in porous materials, by virtue of quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) and forming protective layer through the capping effect. Furthermore, the processed aerogels after supercritical drying can selectively absorb several organic solvents owing to their high hydrophobicity, abundant porosity and sufficient mechanical strength. All results indicate that the innovative strategy can simultaneously circumvent two major drawbacks of MXenes for the first time, and shed light on the opportunity to further enrich their practical applications by constructing multifunctional platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Chai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
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35
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Fitria G, Yoon J. Mechanically tough
dry‐free
ionic hydrogel microfibers swollen in aqueous electrolyte prepared by microfluidic devices. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gea Fitria
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
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36
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Zhang C, Yao M, Zhao Y, Nie J, He Y. Spatial Adjustment Strategy to Improve the Sensitivity of Ionogels for Flexible Sensors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Miao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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37
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Zhao G, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Wan X, Zhang Y, Wang ZL, Li L. Stretchable Unsymmetrical Piezoelectric BaTiO 3 Composite Hydrogel for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Multimodal Sensors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1661-1670. [PMID: 35014254 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is crucial for expanding their applications in smart devices, especially for flexible and wearable bioelectronics. In this study, we design and fabricate a flexible, stretchable, and highly transparent TENG based on an unsymmetrical PAM/BTO composite film, made of polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel and BaTiO3 nanocubes (BTO NCs, BTO), and the TENG performance can be tailored by adjusting the amount and distribution location of BTO. The stretchable hydrogel electrode could bear over 8 times stretching. By changing the content and distribution location of BTO in the unsymmetrical hydrogel film, the output of the fabricated TENGs could be improved, acting as pressure sensors with high sensitivity to distinguish a spectrum of forces (0.25-6 N) at the low frequency. The mechanism of the enhanced output performance of the PAM/BTO composite hydrogel-based TENG is discussed in detail. By integrating piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric effects, the optimized TENG and piezoresistive sensors are used as multimodal biomechanical sensors for detecting the motions of human bodies, pressure, and curvature with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Gengrui Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Zichao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Xingyi Wan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
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Tie J, Mao Z, Zhang L, Zhong Y, Sui X, Xu H. Highly transparent, self-healing and adhesive wearable ionogel as strain and temperature sensor. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00594h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A stable ionogel with good self-healing capability and adhesion, excellent stretchability (2017%), high durability (1000 cycles) and high transparency (92%) is fabricated and assembled into a strain and temperature sensor with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Tie
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linping Zhang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Sui
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Sultana S, Ahmed K, Jiwanti PK, Wardhana BY, Shiblee MDNI. Ionic Liquid-Based Gels for Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices: A Review of Recent Progress and Future Prospects. Gels 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 35049537 PMCID: PMC8774367 DOI: 10.3390/gels8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts that are entirely composed of ions and have melting temperatures below 100 °C. When immobilized in polymeric matrices by sol-gel or chemical polymerization, they generate gels known as ion gels, ionogels, ionic gels, and so on, which may be used for a variety of electrochemical applications. One of the most significant research domains for IL-based gels is the energy industry, notably for energy storage and conversion devices, due to rising demand for clean, sustainable, and greener energy. Due to characteristics such as nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and strong ionic conductivity, IL-based gels appear to meet the stringent demands/criteria of these diverse application domains. This article focuses on the synthesis pathways of IL-based gel polymer electrolytes/organic gel electrolytes and their applications in batteries (Li-ion and beyond), fuel cells, and supercapacitors. Furthermore, the limitations and future possibilities of IL-based gels in the aforementioned application domains are discussed to support the speedy evolution of these materials in the appropriate applicable sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh;
| | - Kumkum Ahmed
- College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3 Chome-7-5 Toyosu, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Prastika Krisma Jiwanti
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (P.K.J.); (B.Y.W.)
| | - Brasstira Yuva Wardhana
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (P.K.J.); (B.Y.W.)
| | - MD Nahin Islam Shiblee
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University, 4 Chome-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan;
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Xie F, Gao X, Yu Y, Lu F, Zheng L. Dually cross-linked single network poly(ionic liquid)/ionic liquid ionogels for a flexible strain-humidity bimodal sensor. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10918-10925. [PMID: 34811559 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gel electrolytes have aroused extensive interest for diverse flexible electronics due to their high ionic conductivity and inherent stretchability. However, gel electrolytes still face challenges in terms of mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, and environmental adaptation, which severely limit the practical application of gel-based electronics. In this paper, we have synthesized a novel polymerizable ionic liquid [SBMA][AA] by mixing zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate with acrylic acid. Then a dually cross-linked single network poly(ionic liquid)/ionic liquid (DCSN PIL/IL) ionogel was prepared by a simple one-step photopolymerization of the [SBMA][AA] in another IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanoamide ([EmIm][DCA]). The synergistic effect between covalent crosslinking and dynamic physical crosslinking points endows the ionogel with good mechanical properties as well as outstanding fatigue resistance. Gratifyingly, the entrapment of [EmIm][DCA] in the ionogel matrix yields excellent environmental adaptability and high ionic conductivity. Meanwhile, the DCSN PIL/IL ionogel also exhibited strong adhesive capacity due to the abundance of carboxyl and sulphonic acid groups. The outstanding electromechanical properties make the DCSN PIL/IL ionogel a perfect candidate for strain sensors to monitor diverse human body activities, such as the movement of the thumb knuckle and handwriting. Interestingly, the DCSN PIL/IL ionogel also displayed high responsiveness to humidity. Therefore, it is believed that this DCSN PIL/IL ionogel offers a broad prospect in flexible strain-humidity bimodal sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Xinpei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Xu L, Huang Z, Deng Z, Du Z, Sun TL, Guo ZH, Yue K. A Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Solvent-Resistant, Recyclable Multifunctional Ionogel with Underwater Self-Healing and Adhesion for Reliable Strain Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105306. [PMID: 34647370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels have gained increasing attentions as a flexible conductive material. However, it remains a big challenge to integrate multiple functions into one gel that can be widely applied in various complex scenes. Herein, a kind of multifunctional ionogels with a combination of desirable properties, including transparency, high stretchability, solvent and temperature resistance, recyclability, high conductivity, underwater self-healing ability, and underwater adhesiveness is reported. The ionogels are prepared via one-step photoinitiated polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate and acrylamide in a hydrophobic ionic liquid. The abundant noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding and ion-dipole interactions endow the ionogels with excellent mechanical strength, resilience, and rapid self-healing capability at room temperature, while the fluorine-rich polymeric matrix brings in high tolerance against water and various organic solvents, as well as tough underwater adhesion on different substrates. Wearable strain sensors based on the ionogels can sensitively detect and differentiate large body motions, such as bending of limbs, walking and jumping, as well as subtle muscle movements, such as pronunciation and pulse. It is believed that the designed ionogels will show great promises in wearable devices and ionotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Xu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhenkai Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhishuang Deng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhukang Du
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Lin Sun
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Wang Y, Wang J, Ma Z, Yan L. A Highly Conductive, Self-Recoverable, and Strong Eutectogel of a Deep Eutectic Solvent with Polymer Crystalline Domain Regulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54409-54416. [PMID: 34743515 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is desirable to fabricate an antifatigue gel for skin-mimicking sensors on the demand of long-term durability in practical usage. Here, we developed a physically cross-linked eutectogel based on a poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PVA/PAA) binary polymer skeleton and a deep eutectic solvent (DES). In this eutectogel, uniformly distributed PVA crystalline domains acted as stable physical cross-linkers, and high-density hydrogen bonds possessed great reversibility. Such a polymer network structure was expected to endow this eutectogel with excellent mechanical strength, stretchability, and a self-recovery ability. Specifically, this eutectogel exhibited a superior tensile strength of 2.6 MPa, a fracture strain of 680%, and a fracture toughness of 8.39 MJ m-3. In cyclic stretching/releasing tests with a fixed strain of 100%, this eutectogel could recover its mechanical properties within a 600 s resting time. Based on this self-recoverable eutectogel, a reliable flexible sensor was fabricated, which possessed good sensitivity and stability over a wide strain range (1-300%). More importantly, the flexile sensor was able to maintain a highly repeatable response signal during 1000 consecutive stretching/releasing cycles, showing outstanding long-term durability. Given the excellent sensing performance, this eutectogel has promising potential in wearable electronics, human-machine systems, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jiake Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhongzheng Ma
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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He Z, Yuan W. Highly Stretchable, Adhesive Ionic Liquid-Containing Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Self-Powered Multifunctional Strain Sensors with Temperature Tolerance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53055-53066. [PMID: 34699172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The demand for wearable sensors consisting of multifunctional conductive hydrogels with fatigue resistance and adhesion properties is rising. More importantly, it is necessary to improve the freezing tolerance and dehydration resistance of hydrogels to avoid performance degradation in harsh environments. Herein, a robust nanocomposite ionogel was fabricated in [EMIM][Cl] ionic liquid and clay nanosheets were used as physical cross-linkers through rapid UV polymerization. The excellent mechanical properties, repeated self-adhesion to various substrates, freezing tolerance, and anti-drying properties were integrated into the nanocomposite ionic liquid hydrogel. The addition of clay nanosheets Laponite XLG endowed the ionogel with a high stretchability of up to 1200% and a tensile strength of up to 0.14 MPa, and the ionogel could be recovered when the external force was released. Ascribing to ionic liquids, the nanocomposite ionogel displayed ionic conductivity and temperature tolerance. An ionogel battery with a 0.72 V output voltage was formed by assembling the ionogel with a layer of zinc and copper sheet on each side to realize the conversion from chemical energy to electrical energy. The maximum voltage could reach 2.8 V when the four units are combined, which could provide energy for an LED bulb and could be used as a self-powered strain sensor under harsh conditions. In this work, a multifunctional ionogel self-powered sensor is proposed, which has potential applications in the fields of electronic skin, human-machine interaction, and biosensors over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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44
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Shi P, Wang Y, Tjiu WW, Zhang C, Liu T. Highly Stretchable, Fast Self-Healing, and Waterproof Fluorinated Copolymer Ionogels with Selectively Enriched Ionic Liquids for Human-Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49358-49368. [PMID: 34632775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of waterproof ionogels with high stretchability and fast self-healing performance is essential for stretchable ionic conductors in sophisticated skin-inspired wearable sensors but can be rarely met in one material. Herein, a semicrystalline fluorinated copolymer ionogel (SFCI) with extremely high stretchability, underwater stability, and fast self-healability was fabricated, among which hydrophobic ionic liquids ([BMIM][TFSI]) were selectively enriched in fluoroacrylate segment domains of the fluorinated copolymer matrix through unique ion-dipole interactions. Benefiting from the reversible ion-dipole interactions between the [BMIM][TFSI] and fluoroacrylate segment domains as well as the physical cross-linking effects of semicrystalline oligoethylene glycol domains, the SFCI exhibited ultrastretchability (>6000%), fast room-temperature self-healability (>96% healing efficiency after cutting and self-healing for 30 min), and outstanding elasticity. In addition, the representative SFCI also exhibited high-temperature tolerance up to 300 °C, antifreezing performance as low as -35 °C, and high transparency (>93% visible-light transmittance). As a result, the as-obtained SFCI can readily be used as a highly stretchable ionic conductor in skin-inspired wearable sensors with waterproof performance for real-time detecting physiological human activities. These attractive features illustrate that the developed ultrastretchable and rapidly self-healable ionogels with unique waterproofness are promising candidates especially for sophisticated wearable strain sensing applications in complex and extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weng Weei Tjiu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Guo H, Zeng M, Li X, He H, Wu L, Li H. Multifunctional Enhancement of Proton-Conductive, Stretchable, and Adhesive Performance in Hybrid Polymer Electrolytes by Polyoxometalate Nanoclusters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30039-30050. [PMID: 34139842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High ionic conductivity, good mechanical strength, strong electrode adhesion, and low volatilization are highly desired properties for flexible solid electrolytes. However, it is difficult to realize all these properties simultaneously, which needs a rational synergy of different electrolyte constituents. Here, we present the use of polyoxometalates as versatile enhancers to fabricate nonvolatile flexible hybrid polymer electrolytes with improved conductive, stretchable, and adhesive properties. These electrolytes are based on the molecular hybridization of a polyacrylate elastomer, phosphoric acid, and a commercial polyoxometalate H3PW12O40 (PW). PW can serve as a nanosized plasticizer to favor the chain relaxation of polyacrylate and improve stretchability. Meanwhile, PW as a solid acid can increase the proton concentration and form a hybrid hydrogen-bonding network to facilitate proton conduction. Besides, the strong adsorption ability of PW on solid surfaces enables the electrolytes with enhanced adhesion. The hybrid electrolyte with 30 wt % PW shows a break stress of 0.28 MPa, a break elongation of 990%, and a conductivity of 0.01 S cm-1 at 298 K, which are 1.8, 1.8, and 2.5 times higher compared to the case without PW, respectively. Moreover, PW enhances the adhesive strength of hybrid electrolytes on polypropylene, steel, and glass substrates. The flexible supercapacitors based on the hybrid electrolytes and polyaniline electrodes hold a stable electrode-electrolyte interface and exhibit a high specific capacitance of 592 mF cm-2 and an excellent capacitance retention of 84% after 6000 charge-discharge cycles. These results demonstrate great potential of polyoxometalates as multifunctional enhancers to design hybrid electrolyte materials for energy and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Minghao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Qiu W, Zhang C, Chen G, Zhu H, Zhang Q, Zhu S. Colorimetric Ionic Organohydrogels Mimicking Human Skin for Mechanical Stimuli Sensing and Injury Visualization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26490-26497. [PMID: 34029053 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial skins with sensing ability have great potential in applications of wearable devices and soft robotics. Inspired by the functions of human skins including sensing stimuli via electrical signal and bruising for injury indication, an ionic conductive and mechanochromic organohydrogel is synthesized and demonstrated as ionic skin (I-skin). The gel consisting of mechanochromophore cross-linked micelles is mechanically robust, stretchable, and deformation durable with minor hysteresis, and it also displays good solvent retention. The change of relative resistance during elongation and compression suggests a high sensitivity. An optical change from pale yellow to bruise-like blue-purple color is observed under a large deformation. The ionic conductive organohydrogel as I-skin is attached to different parts of the human body with movements mimicking various body-bruising scenarios, demonstrating successful perception and visualization of mechanical stimuli. The work vividly presents a strain sensor with the functions of injury visualization and damage warning for mechanical impacts. The I-skin can be potentially used in the applications including prosthetic devices, wearable electronics, and intelligent robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlian Qiu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Changgeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - He Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
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Transport of Propylene Carbonate-LiTFSI Electrolytes in P(VDF-HFP) Using Time-resolved ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: Diffusion Coefficients and Molecular Interactions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Chen L, Guo M. Highly Transparent, Stretchable, and Conductive Supramolecular Ionogels Integrated with Three-Dimensional Printable, Adhesive, Healable, and Recyclable Character. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25365-25373. [PMID: 34003634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the easy fabrication of highly transparent (optical transmittance above 93%), stretchable (1500-2500% elongation at break), and conductive (up to 2.25 S m-1 at 25 °C) supramolecular ionogels that simultaneously integrate with three-dimensional (3D) printable, healable, adhesive, and recyclable character. The supramolecular ionogel is designed using a linear amphiphilic poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) copolymer and ionic liquid (IL) as the elastic scaffold and electrolyte, respectively, via a simple cosolvent method. Intriguingly, the 3D-printed highly conductive (2.25 S m-1 at 25 °C) supramolecular ionogel structure shows record-high mechanical performance with a breaking tensile strain and stress of 945% and 1.51 MPa, respectively, and is able to lift 3400× or bear 10000× its weight without fracture. Furthermore, both the solution casting and 3D-printed ionogel films show high sensitivity and reliability for sensing a wide range of strains, including various human motions. The results present some new insights into the structural, mechanical, and functional design of novel multifunctional ionogels with distinguished mechanical performance and tractable processability, which will extend them to a wide range of flexible electronic applications, including artificial intelligence, wearable/conformable electronics, human/machine interactions, soft robotics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmin Chen
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyu Guo
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Han F, Li M, Ye H, Zhang G. Materials, Electrical Performance, Mechanisms, Applications, and Manufacturing Approaches for Flexible Strain Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1220. [PMID: 34063165 PMCID: PMC8148098 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the recent great progress made in flexible and wearable electronic materials, the upcoming next generation of skin-mountable and implantable smart devices holds extensive potential applications for the lifestyle modifying, including personalized health monitoring, human-machine interfaces, soft robots, and implantable biomedical devices. As a core member within the wearable electronics family, flexible strain sensors play an essential role in the structure design and functional optimization. To further enhance the stretchability, flexibility, sensitivity, and electricity performances of the flexible strain sensors, enormous efforts have been done covering the materials design, manufacturing approaches and various applications. Thus, this review summarizes the latest advances in flexible strain sensors over recent years from the material, application, and manufacturing strategies. Firstly, the critical parameters measuring the performances of flexible strain sensors and materials development contains different flexible substrates, new nano- and hybrid- materials are introduced. Then, the developed working mechanisms, theoretical analysis, and computational simulation are presented. Next, based on different material design, diverse applications including human motion detection and health monitoring, soft robotics and human-machine interface, implantable devices, and biomedical applications are highlighted. Finally, synthesis consideration of the massive production industry of flexible strain sensors in the future; different fabrication approaches that are fully expected are classified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Huaiyu Ye
- Shenzhen Institute of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors, Shenzhen 518055, China
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50
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu J, Hao S, Song H, Zhang J. 3D Printable, Highly Stretchable, Superior Stable Ionogels Based on Poly(ionic liquid) with Hyperbranched Polymers as Macro-cross-linkers for High-Performance Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5614-5624. [PMID: 33492940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable ionogels have recently emerged as promising soft and safe ionic conductive materials for use in wearable and stretchable electrochemical devices. However, the complex preparation process and insufficient thermomechanical stability greatly limit the precise rapid fabrication and application of stretchable ionogels. Here, we report an in situ 3D printing method for fabricating high-performance single network chemical ionogels as advanced strain sensors. The ionogels consist of a special cross-linking network constructed by poly(ionic liquid) and hyperbranched polymer (macro-cross-linkers) that exhibits high stretchability (>1000%), superior room-temperature ionic conductivity (up to 5.8 mS/cm), and excellent thermomechanical stability (-75 to 250 °C). The strain sensors based on ionogels have a low response time (200 ms), high sensitivity with temperature independence, long-term durability (2000 cycles), and excellent temperature tolerance (-60 to 250 °C) and can be used as human motion sensors. This work provides a new strategy to design highly stretchable and superior stable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jiahang Liu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Hao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190P. R. China
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