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Ara L, Sher M, Khan M, Rehman TU, Shah LA, Yoo HM. Dually-crosslinked ionic conductive hydrogels reinforced through biopolymer gellan gum for flexible sensors to monitor human activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133789. [PMID: 38992556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Human-machine interactions, monitoring of health equipment, and gentle robots all depend considerably on flexible strain sensors. However, making strain sensors have better mechanical behavior and an extensive sensing range remains an urgent difficulty. In this study, poly acrylamide-co-butyl acrylate with gellan gum (poly(AAm-co-BA)@GG) hydrophobic association networks and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions are used to fabricate dual cross-linked hydrogels for wearable resistive-type strain sensors. This could be an acceptable way to minimize the limitations in hydrogels previously identified. The robust fracture strength (870 kPa) and exceptional stretchability (1297 %) of the hydrogel arise from the collaborative action of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic associations. It also demonstrates exceptional resilience to repeated cycles of uninterrupted stretching and relaxation, retaining its structural integrity. The response and restoration times are 110 and 120 ms respectively. Furthermore, a wide sensing range (0-900 %), notable sensitivity across various strain levels, and an impressive gauge factor (GF) of 31.51 with high durability were observed by the dual cross-linked (DC) hydrogel-based strain sensors. The measured conductivity of the hydrogel was 0.32 S/m which is due to the incorporation of NaCl. Therefore, the hydrogels can be tailored to function as wearable strain sensors that can detect subtle human gestures like speech patterns, distinguish between distinct words, and recognize vibrations of the larynx during drinking, as well as large joint motions like wrist, finger, and elbow. Furthermore, these hydrogels are capable of reliably distinguishing and reproducing various printed text. These findings imply that any electronic device that demands strain-sensing functionality might make use of these developed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latafat Ara
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sher
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Tanzil Ur Rehman
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Hyeong-Min Yoo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KOREATECH), Cheonan 31253, Republic of Korea
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Kuddushi M, Xu BB, Malek N, Zhang X. Review of ionic liquid and ionogel-based biomaterials for advanced drug delivery. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103244. [PMID: 38959813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) play a crucial role in the design of novel materials. The ionic nature of ILs provides numerous advantages in drug delivery, acting as a green solvent or active ingredient to enhance the solubility, permeability, and binding efficiency of drugs. They could also function as a structuring agent in the development of nano/micro particles for drug delivery, including micelles, vesicles, gels, emulsion, and more. This review summarize the ILs and IL-based gel structures with their advanced drug delivery applications. The first part of review focuses on the role of ILs in drug formulation and the applications of ILs in drug delivery. The second part of review offers a comprehensive overview of recent drug delivery applications of IL-based gel. It aims to offer new perspectives and attract more attention to open up new avenues in the biomedical applications of ILs and IL-based gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Kuddushi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ben Bin Xu
- Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Naved Malek
- Ionic Liquid Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 07, India
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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3
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Duan H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu P, Mao Y. Recent Advances of Stretchable Nanomaterial-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Sensors and Electrophysiological Signals Monitoring. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1398. [PMID: 39269060 PMCID: PMC11397736 DOI: 10.3390/nano14171398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Electrophysiological monitoring is a commonly used medical procedure designed to capture the electrical signals generated by the body and promptly identify any abnormal health conditions. Wearable sensors are of great significance in signal acquisition for electrophysiological monitoring. Traditional electrophysiological monitoring devices are often bulky and have many complex accessories and thus, are only suitable for limited application scenarios. Hydrogels optimized based on nanomaterials are lightweight with excellent stretchable and electrical properties, solving the problem of high-quality signal acquisition for wearable sensors. Therefore, the development of hydrogels based on nanomaterials brings tremendous potential for wearable physiological signal monitoring sensors. This review first introduces the latest advancement of hydrogels made from different nanomaterials, such as nanocarbon materials, nanometal materials, and two-dimensional transition metal compounds, in physiological signal monitoring sensors. Second, the versatile properties of these stretchable composite hydrogel sensors are reviewed. Then, their applications in various electrophysiological signal monitoring, such as electrocardiogram monitoring, electromyographic signal analysis, and electroencephalogram monitoring, are discussed. Finally, the current application status and future development prospects of nanomaterial-optimized hydrogels in wearable physiological signal monitoring sensors are summarized. We hope this review will inspire future development of wearable electrophysiological signal monitoring sensors using nanomaterial-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanchao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Zhang Y, Pan Y, Chang R, Chen K, Wang K, Tan H, Yin M, Liu C, Qu X. Advancing homogeneous networking principles for the development of fatigue-resistant, low-swelling and sprayable hydrogels for sealing wet, dynamic and concealed wounds in vivo. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:150-163. [PMID: 38225944 PMCID: PMC10788230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective sealing of wet, dynamic and concealed wounds remains a formidable challenge in clinical practice. Sprayable hydrogel sealants are promising due to their ability to cover a wide area rapidly, but they face limitations in dynamic and moist environments. To address this issue, we have employed the principle of a homogeneous network to design a sprayable hydrogel sealant with enhanced fatigue resistance and reduced swelling. This network is formed by combining the spherical structure of lysozyme (LZM) with the orthotetrahedral structure of 4-arm-polyethylene glycol (4-arm-PEG). We have achieved exceptional sprayability by controlling the pH of the precursor solution. The homogeneous network, constructed through uniform cross-linking of amino groups in protein and 4-arm-PEG-NHS, provides the hydrogel with outstanding fatigue resistance, low swelling and sustained adhesion. In vitro testing demonstrated that it could endure 2000 cycles of underwater shearing, while in vivo experiments showed adhesion maintenance exceeding 24 h. Furthermore, the hydrogel excelled in sealing leaks and promoting ulcer healing in models including porcine cardiac hemorrhage, lung air leakage and rat oral ulcers, surpassing commonly used clinical materials. Therefore, our research presents an advanced biomaterial strategy with the potential to advance the clinical management of wet, dynamic and concealed wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanjun Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ronghang Chang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kangli Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haoqi Tan
- Suzhou Innovation Center of Shanghai University, Shanghai University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xue Qu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism Shanghai, 200237, China
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Fu D, Xie Y, Zhou L, Zhang L, Zheng T, Shen J. Triple physical cross-linking cellulose nanofibers-based poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel as wearable multifunctional sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121572. [PMID: 38008484 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel triple physical cross-linking poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel, composed of poly(acrylamide-co-dodecyl methacrylate-co-1-vinyl-3-methyluracil-imidazolium chloride)/cellulose nanofibers-Ca2+ (PADV/CNFs-Ca2+), was synthesized through micellar-copolymerization followed by a solvent-soaked procedure. The synergistic interactions in polymer network (i.e. the hydrophobic association of dodecyl methacrylate moiety in surfactant micelles, the hydrogen bondings between imidazolium monomer segments and other monomer segments in polymers, and the ionic coordination between Ca2+ and -COO- on cellulose nanofibers surface) endowed the hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties, including high strength (754 kPa of tensile strength and 1905 kPa of compressive strength), outstanding stretchability (1963 %), elastic modulus (56.5 kPa) and remarkable mechanical durability (200 cycles with 500 % deformations and 100 cycles at 50 % compression strain). Besides, this hydrogel exhibited other advantages, such as satisfied conductivity (28.7 mS/cm), high strain/pressure/temperature-sensitive behavior, precise and stable signal transmission, varying degrees of antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility. Owing to the exceptional comprehensive performance, the hydrogel was then assembled as a multifunctional sensor to monitor the joint motion, vocal cord vibration, tactile sensation and body temperature with remarkable sensitivity in real time. This work offered a new strategy for the fabrication of durable, biocompatible, antibacterial and conductive materials for wearable multifunctional electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fu
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China; Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Advanced Technology, Harbin 150029, PR China
| | - Yang Xie
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Advanced Technology, Harbin 150029, PR China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Intelligent Manufacturing Institute, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Ting Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Jun Shen
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China; School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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6
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Wang Y, Guo J, Cao X, Zhao Y. Developing conductive hydrogels for biomedical applications. SMART MEDICINE 2024; 3:e20230023. [PMID: 39188512 PMCID: PMC11235618 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20230023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted copious attention owing to their grateful performances, such as similarity to biological tissues, compliance, conductivity and biocompatibility. A diversity of conductive hydrogels have been developed and showed versatile potentials in biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in conductive hydrogels, involving the various types and functionalities of conductive hydrogels as well as their applications in biomedical fields. Furthermore, the current challenges and the reasonable outlook of conductive hydrogels are also given. It is expected that this review will provide potential guidance for the advancement of next-generation conductive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Southeast University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
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7
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Xu J, Zhu X, Zhao J, Ling G, Zhang P. Biomedical applications of supramolecular hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103000. [PMID: 37839280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels bound by hydrogen bonding, host-guest, hydrophobic, and other non-covalent interactions are among the most attractive biomaterials available. Supramolecular hydrogels have attracted extensive attention due to their inherent dynamic reversibility, self-healing, stimuli-response, excellent biocompatibility, and near-physiological environment. However, the inherent contradiction between non-covalent interactions and mechanical strength makes the practical application of supramolecular hydrogels a great challenge. This review describes the mechanical strength of hydrogels mediated by supramolecular interactions, and focuses on the potential strategies for enhancing the mechanical strength of supramolecular hydrogels and illustrates their applications in related fields, such as flexible electronic sensors, wound dressings, and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Finally, the current problems and future research prospects of supramolecular hydrogels are discussed. This review is expected to provide insights that will motivate more advanced research on supramolecular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiuhong Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China..
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China..
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Tian Y, Chen L, Du Y, Su G, Hu Y. Multi-Physically Cross-Linked Hydrogels for Flexible Sensors with High Strength and Self-Healing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3748. [PMID: 37765600 PMCID: PMC10536548 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excellent mechanical properties and self-healing properties are very important for the practical application of hydrogel flexible sensors. In this study, acrylic acid and stearyl methyl acrylate were selected as monomers to synthesize hydrophobic association hydrogels, and multi-physically cross-linked hydrogels were synthesized by adding ferric chloride and polyvinyl alcohol to introduce ion interaction and a hydrogen bond cross-linking network. The hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM, and the mechanical properties and self-healing properties were tested using a universal testing machine. It was confirmed that the strength of the hydrogel was significantly improved with the addition of ferric chloride and polyvinyl alcohol, and the hydrogel still showed good self-healing properties. Further testing of its application as a conductive sensor has demonstrated sensitive and stable motion sensing capabilities. This provides an important reference for high-performance hydrogel sensors with both high strength and self-healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- School of New Energy Materials and Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.Z.)
- Leshan West Silicon Materials Photovoltaic and New Energy Industry Technology Research Institute, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- School of New Energy Materials and Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Tian
- School of New Energy Materials and Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Long Chen
- School of New Energy Materials and Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuhan Du
- School of New Energy Materials and Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Gehong Su
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an 625014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of New Energy Materials and Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.Z.)
- Leshan West Silicon Materials Photovoltaic and New Energy Industry Technology Research Institute, Leshan 614000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Zigong 643000, China
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Lei L, Wang H, Jia Q, Tian Y, Wang S. Highly stretchable, supersensitive, and self-adhesive ionohydrogels using waterborne polyurethane micelles as cross-linkers for wireless strain sensors. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7478-7489. [PMID: 37455619 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00495c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of multi-functional flexible wearable sensors, the development prospects of ionohydrogels with excellent mechanical properties and high sensitivity are necessary. In this work, a novel waterborne polyurethane (WPU) micelle with reactive groups on the surface has been prepared as a crosslinker and then reacted with polyacrylamide (PAM) to obtain a polyacrylamide-polyurethane/ionic liquid (PAM-WPU/IL) ionohydrogel. With the aid of ion-dipole interaction and crosslinks in the composite, the ionohydrogel exhibited ultrastretchability (up to 2927%), good mechanical resilience, and excellent self-adhesion strength (46.01 kPa). Furthermore, the ionohydrogel was used as a strain sensor for monitoring human movement with high strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 35). It is believed that this study provides a new idea for designing a multifunctional ionohydrogel for use in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Lei
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qihan Jia
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Yali Tian
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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