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Zhu G, Li X, Li XP, Wang A, Li T, Zhu X, Tang D, Zhu J, He X, Li H, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhang S, Xu H. Nanopatterned Electroactive Polylactic Acid Nanofibrous MOFilters for Efficient PM 0.3 Filtration and Bacterial Inhibition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47145-47157. [PMID: 37783451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) hold great potential to address the increasing airborne particulate matter (PM) and dramatic accumulation of plastic/microplastic pollution. However, the field of PLA NFM-based filters is still in its infancy, frequently dwarfed by the bottlenecks regarding relatively low surface activity, poor electroactivity, and insufficient PM capturing mechanisms. This effort discloses a microwave-assisted approach to minute-level synthesis of dielectric ZIF-8 nanocrystals with high specific surface area (over 1012 m2/g) and ultrasmall size (∼240 nm), which were intimately anchored onto PLA nanofibers (PLA@ZIF-8) by a combined "electrospinning-electrospray" strategy. This endowed the PLA@ZIF-8 NFMs with largely increased electroactivity in terms of elevated dielectric coefficient (an increase of 202%), surface potential (up to 5.8 kV), and triboelectric properties (output voltage of 30.8 V at 10 N, 0.5 Hz). Given the profound control over morphology and electroactivity, the PLA@ZIF-8 NFMs exhibited efficient filtration of PM0.3 (97.1%, 85 L/min) with a decreased air resistance (592.5 Pa), surpassing that of the pure PLA counterpart (88.4%, 650.9 Pa). This was essentially ascribed to realization of multiple filtration mechanisms for PLA@ZIF-8 NFMs, including enhanced physical interception, polar interactions, and electrostatic adsorption, and the unique self-charging function triggered by airflow vibrations. Moreover, perfect antibacterial performance was achieved for PLA@ZIF-8, showing ultrahigh inhibition rates of 99.9 and 100% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The proposed hierarchical structuring strategy, offering the multifunction integration unattainable with conventional methods, may facilitate the development of biodegradable long-term air filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - An Wang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xuanjin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Daoyuan Tang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Jintuo Zhu
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Xinjian He
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Heguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shihang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, Carbon Neutrality Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Huan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
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Sun ZB, Li L, Ma GQ, Chen Y, Jia DZ, Li XJ, Li Y, Lei J, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Robust, Fully Biodegradable Films of Polyesters Realized by In Situ Formation of an Interconnected Multi-Nanolayer Structure under Extensional Flow. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38867-38877. [PMID: 37542460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer structures are not only applied to manipulate properties of synthetic polymer materials such as rainbow films and barrier films but also widely discovered in natural materials like nacre. In this work, in situ formation of an interconnected multi-nanolayer (IMN) structure in poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) cocontinuous blends is designed by an extensional flow field during a "casting-thermal stretching" process, combining the properties of two components to a large extent. Hierarchical structures including phase morphology, crystal structure, and lamellar crystals in IMN films have been revealed, which clearly identifies the crucial role of extensional flow. The oriented PBAT phase in the IMN structure can be beneficial to the epitaxial growth of PBS crystals onto the PBAT nanolayers, thus improving interfacial adhesions. Furthermore, intense extensional stress can also promote crystallinity and thicken the lamellar structure. Given such distinct features in the fully biodegradable films, a simultaneous enhancement in tear strength, tensile strength, and puncture resistance has been achieved. To the best of our knowledge, the tear strength of IMN films about 285.9 kN/m is the highest level in the previous works of this system. Moreover, the proposed fabrication way of the IMN structure is facile and scalable, which is highly expected to be an efficient strategy for development of structured biodegradable polymers with excellent comprehensive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Bo Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qi Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - De-Zhuang Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Juan Li
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory of Non-Metallic Mineral Powder Modification, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment & Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, School of Environment & Resource, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Ke L, Yang T, Liang C, Guan X, Li T, Jiao Y, Tang D, Huang D, Li S, Zhang S, He X, Xu H. Electroactive, Antibacterial, and Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) Nanofibrous Air Filters for Healthcare. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37378641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) hold great potential in the field of biodegradable filters for air purification but are largely limited by the relatively low electret properties and high susceptibility to bacteria. Herein, we disclosed a facile approach to the fabrication of electroactive and antibacterial PLA NFMs impregnated with a highly dielectric photocatalyst. In particular, the microwave-assisted doping (MAD) protocol was employed to yield Zn-doped titanium dioxide (Zn-TIO), featuring the well-defined anatase phase, a uniform size of ∼65 nm, and decreased band gap (3.0 eV). The incorporation of Zn-TIO (2, 6, and 10 wt %) into PLA gave rise to a significant refinement of the electrospun nanofibers, decreasing from the highest diameter of 581 nm for pure PLA to the lowest value of 264 nm. More importantly, dramatical improvements in the dielectric constants, surface potential, and electret properties were simultaneously achieved for the composite NFMs, as exemplified by a nearly 94% increase in surface potential for 3-day-aged PLA/Zn-TIO (90/10) compared with that of pure PLA. The well regulation of morphological features and promotion of electroactivity contributed to a distinct increase in the air filtration performance, as demonstrated by 98.7% filtration of PM0.3 with the highest quality factor of 0.032 Pa-1 at the airflow velocity of 32 L/min for PLA/Zn-TIO (94/6), largely surpassing pure PLA (89.4%, 0.011 Pa-1). Benefiting from the effective generation of reactive radicals and gradual release of Zn2+ by Zn-TIO, the electroactive PLA NFMs were ready to profoundly inactivate Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The exceptional combination of remarkable electret properties and excellent antibacterial performance makes the PLA membrane filters promising for healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Ke
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ting Yang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Chenyu Liang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xin Guan
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Daoyuan Tang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Donghui Huang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Shihang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, Carbon Neutrality Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xinjian He
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Huan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
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Tang M, Jiang L, Wang C, Li X, He X, Li Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Gao J, Xu H. Bioelectrets in Electrospun Bimodal Poly(lactic acid) Fibers: Realization of Multiple Mechanisms for Efficient and Long-Term Filtration of Fine PMs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37192220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great potential in fabrication of biodegradable and eco-friendly air filters by electrospinning poly(lactic acid) (PLA) membranes, the filtering performance is frequently dwarfed by inadequate physical sieving or electrostatic adsorption mechanisms to capture airborne particulate matters (PMs). Here, using the parallel spinning approach, the unique micro/nanoscale architecture was established by conjugation of neighboring PLA nanofibers, creating bimodal fibers in electrospun PLA membranes for the enhanced slip effect to significantly reduce the air resistance. Moreover, the bone-like nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bioelectret (HABE) was exploited to enhance the dielectric and polarization properties of electrospun PLA, accompanied by the controlled generation of junctions induced by the microaggregation of HABE (10-30 wt %). The incorporated HABE was supposed to orderly align in the applied E-field and largely promote the charging capability and surface potential, gradually increasing to 7.2 kV from the lowest level of 2.5 kV for pure PLA. This was mainly attributed to HABE-induced orientation of PLA backbone chains and C═O dipoles, as well as the interfacial charges trapped at the interphases of HABE-PLA and crystalline region-amorphous PLA. Given the multiple capturing mechanisms, the micro/nanostructured PLA/HABE membranes were characterized by excellent and sustainable filtering performance, e.g., the filtration efficiency of PM0.3 was promoted from 59.38% for pure PLA to 94.38% after addition of 30 wt % HABE at a moderate airflow capacity of 32 L/min and from 30.78 to 83.75% at the highest level of 85 L/min. It is of interest that the pressure drop was significantly decreased, mainly arising from the slip effect between the ultrafine nanofibers and conjugated microfibers. The proposed combination of the nanostructured electret and the multistructuring strategy offers the function integration of efficient filtration and low resistance that are highly useful to pursue fully biodegradable filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Tang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Cunmin Wang
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xinjian He
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Dulwich International High School Suzhou, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 272100, China
| | - Huan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J, Feng S, Xie Y, Li L. Performance Enhancement of PLA-Based Blend Microneedle Arrays through Shish-Kebab Structuring Strategy in Microinjection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102234. [PMID: 37242809 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) microneedles have been explored extensively, but the current regular fabrication strategy, such as thermoforming, is inefficient and poorly conformable. In addition, PLA needs to be modified as the application of microneedle arrays made of pure PLA is limited because of their easy tip fracture and poor skin adhesion. For this purpose, in this article, we reported a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate the microneedle arrays of the blend of PLA matrix and poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) dispersed phase with complementary mechanical properties through microinjection molding technology. The results showed that the PPDO dispersed phase could be in situ fibrillated under the effect of the strong shear stress field generated in micro-injection molding. These in situ fibrillated PPDO dispersed phases could hence induce the formation of the shish-kebab structures in the PLA matrix. Particularly for PLA/PPDO (90/10) blend, there are the densest and most perfect shish-kebab structures formed. The above microscopic structure evolution could be also advantageous to the enhancement in the mechanical properties of microparts of PLA/PPDO blend (tensile microparts and microneedle arrays), e.g., the elongation at break of the blend is almost double that of pure PLA while still maintaining the high stiffness (Young's modulus of 2.7 GPa) and the high strength (tensile strength of 68.3 MPa) in the tensile test, and relative to pure PLA, there is 100% or more increase in the load and displacement of microneedle in the compression test. This could open up new spaces for expanding the industrial application of the fabricated microneedle arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiayu Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yeping Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Mujtaba M, Lipponen J, Ojanen M, Puttonen S, Vaittinen H. Trends and challenges in the development of bio-based barrier coating materials for paper/cardboard food packaging; a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158328. [PMID: 36037892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, petroleum-based synthetic plastics are used as a key barrier material in the paper-based packaging of several food and nonfood goods. This widespread usage of plastic as a barrier lining is not only harmful to human and marine health, but it is also polluting the ecosystem. Researchers and food manufacturers are focused on biobased alternatives because of its numerous advantages, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and structural flexibility. When used alone or in composites/multilayers, these biobased alternatives provide strong barrier qualities against grease, oxygen, microbes, air, and water. According to the most recent literature reports, biobased polymers for barrier coatings are having difficulty breaking into the business. Technological breakthroughs in the field of bioplastic production and application are rapidly evolving, proffering new options for academics and industry to collaborate and develop sustainable packaging solutions. Existing techniques, such as multilayer coating of nanocomposites, can be improved further by designing them in a more systematic manner to attain the best barrier qualities. Modified nanocellulose, lignin nanoparticles, and bio-polyester are among the most promising future candidates for nanocomposite-based packaging films with high barrier qualities. In this review, the state-of-art and research advancements made in biobased polymeric alternatives such as paper and board barrier coating are summarized. Finally, the existing limitations and potential future development prospects for these biobased polymers as barrier materials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mujtaba
- Aalto University, Bioproduct and Biosystems, 02150 Espoo, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo FI-02044, Finland.
| | - Juha Lipponen
- Aalto University, Bioproduct and Biosystems, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mari Ojanen
- Kemira Oyj, Energiakatu 4, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Henri Vaittinen
- Valmet Technologies, Wärtsilänkatu 100, 04440 Järvenpää, Finland
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Effect of Different Comonomers Added to Graft Copolymers on the Properties of PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194088. [PMID: 36236042 PMCID: PMC9573763 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with styrene (St), α-methylstyrene (AMS), and epoxy resin (EP) as comonomers in a twin-screw extruder was used to prepare PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers. The prepared graft copolymers were then used as compatibilizers to prepare PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA blends by melt blending with PLA and polypropylene carbonate (PPC), respectively. The effects of different comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers on the thermal, rheological, optical, and mechanical properties and microstructure of the blends were studied. It was found that the grafting degree of PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers was increased to varying degrees after the introduction of comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA grafting reaction system. When St was used as the comonomer, the grafting degree of the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer increased most significantly, from 0.8 to 1.6 phr. St as a comonomer also most improved the compatibility between PLA and PPC, and the haze of the blends was reduced while maintaining high transmittance. In addition, the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer with the introduction of St as a comonomer significantly improved the impact toughness of the blends, while the thermal stability and tensile strength of the blends remained largely unchanged.
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Xie Y, Xiong H, Zheng Z, Zhang L, Chen Y. Facile and Scalable Fabrication of High-Performance Polylactide-Based Medical Microparts through Combining the Microinjection Molding Intense Shear Stress Field and Annealing Strategy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haonan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Debeli DK, Huang F, Wu L. Sulfonated Poly(butylene Adipate- co-terephthalate)/Sodium Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Films with an Ultra-High Oxygen Barrier. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Kebebew Debeli
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Linbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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10
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High-heat and UV-barrier poly(lactic acid) by microwave-assisted functionalization of waste natural fibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:827-836. [PMID: 35998855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in the packaging area is frequently dwarfed by the inadequate gas/water barrier properties, low heat resistance and high UV transmittance. Herein, an environmentally friendly and high-efficiency microwave-assisted functionalization (MAF) approach was proposed to aqueous grafting waste bamboo fibers with the bridging agent. It permitted significant promotion of interfacial interactions between the MAF bamboo fibers (MAFBs) and neighboring PLA chains, contributing to uniform dispersion and intimate interphase. Featuring the morphological features, the MAFB-reinforced (5, 10 and 20 wt%) PLA biocomposites achieved an unexpected combination of high mechanical properties, exceptional resistance to heat deflection and UV irradiation, and excellent water barrier performance. Upon addition of only 5 wt% MAFBs, the tensile strength and toughness of PLA composite films were increased to 46.5 MPa and 0.6 MJ/m3, increasing over 52 % and nearly 107 % compared to those of the counterpart loaded pristine bamboo fibers (PBFs), respectively. This was favorably accompanied by the remarkably reduced water vapor permeability, falling down to the lowest value of 3.5 × 10-11 g∙m/Pa∙s∙m2 for PLA/MAFB (80/20) with a decrease of nearly 79 % compared to the counterpart. It is of interest to note the MAFB-enabled nearly 100 % UV-blocking ratio for PLA loaded 10 and 20 wt% fibers, as well as excellent resistance to heat deflection even at high temperatures like 120 °C. This effort paves the way to multifunctional natural fibers with high affinity to PLA for elegant implementation of high-heat and UV-resistant packaging materials in an ecofriendly manner.
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11
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Yan X, Song L, Zhu C, Li J, Qi D. Preparation of poly (styrene‐methyl methacrylate)@grafted halloysite microspheres and the properties of its composite fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low‐carbon Dyeing & Finishing Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk) Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Shaoxing China
| | - Lixiang Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low‐carbon Dyeing & Finishing Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Chenyan Zhu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk) Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk) Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Dongming Qi
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk) Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Shaoxing China
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12
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Niu W, Guo Y, Huang W, Song L, Xiao Z, Xie Y, Wang Y. Aliphatic chains grafted cellulose nanocrystals with core-corona structures for efficient toughening of PLA composites. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Flexure-resistant and additive-free poly (L-lactic acid) hydrophobic membranes fabricated by slow phase separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1605-1612. [PMID: 35413322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PLLA membranes with excellent ductility were successfully prepared by a simple solvent evaporation-induced precipitation method, without any additive. The excellent mechanical properties are mainly attributed to the interconnecting pore morphology and the plastic deformation of the pore wall during the stretching process. The interconnecting pore morphology is determined by delaying non-solvent diffusion and molecular chain pre-nucleation. It was found that the average pore size gradually decreased from 19.25 μm to 6.71 μm as the concentration of the polymer solution increased from 0.03 g/ml to 0.10 g/ml, and the elongation at break of the membrane can reach 130.8%. The crystallinity is between 33.4% and 44.5%, and the crystal form is a perfect α crystal. Membrane with interconnecting pore structure contributes to the formation of 91.2% porosity. Furthermore, the solvent evaporation-induced precipitation method can also form surfaces containing micro-nano structures which significantly improves surface hydrophobicity. The combination of high porosity and hydrophobicity makes the membrane potentially applicable to the field of oil-water separation.
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Zhang M, Jiang C, Wu Q, Zhang G, Liang F, Yang Z. Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene succinate) (PLA/PBS) Layered Composite Gas Barrier Membranes by Anisotropic Janus Nanosheets Compartibilizers. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:657-662. [PMID: 35570811 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the most promising biodegradable polymer products, has achieved wide applications for its relatively good mechanical properties and moderate degradability. Here we report an environment-friendly filler, the organic-inorganic composite Janus nanosheets (PLA/PBS JNs), which can jam at the interface of the PLA/PBS blend with a low threshold as the compatibilizer and can simultaneously toughen the composites and improve the gas barrier performance due to better interfacial interaction and tortuous path effect. With 0.3 wt % of PLA/PBS JNs added, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PLA/PBS blend can be improved by 37% and 224%, respectively. After a further hot-pressing process, the barrier performance of the PLA/PBS composite membranes can be significantly enhanced since PLA, PLA/PBS JNs, and PBS are arranged in a nearly lamellar structure with oxygen permeability of 0.63 × 10-15 cm3 cm·cm-2 s-1 Pa-1 with only 0.5 wt % of PLA/PBS JNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Fuxin Liang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Liu S, He Y, Qu JP. Manufacturing High-Performance Polylactide by Constructing 3D Network Crystalline Structure with Adding Self-Assembly Nucleator. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Peñas MI, Pérez-Camargo RA, Hernández R, Müller AJ. A Review on Current Strategies for the Modulation of Thermomechanical, Barrier, and Biodegradation Properties of Poly (Butylene Succinate) (PBS) and Its Random Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051025. [PMID: 35267848 PMCID: PMC8914744 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of plastics on the environment can be mitigated by employing biobased and/or biodegradable materials (i.e., bioplastics) instead of the traditional “commodities”. In this context, poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) emerges as one of the most promising alternatives due to its good mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties, making it suitable for use in a wide range of applications. Still, the PBS has some drawbacks, such as its high crystallinity, which must be overcome to position it as a real and viable alternative to “commodities”. This contribution covers the actual state-of-the-art of the PBS through different sections. The first section reviews the different synthesis routes, providing a complete picture regarding the obtained molecular weights and the greener alternatives. Afterward, we examine how different strategies such as random copolymerization and the incorporation of fillers can effectively modulate PBS properties to satisfy the needs for different applications. The impact of these strategies is evaluated in the crystallization behavior, crystallinity, mechanical and barrier properties, and biodegradation. The biodegradation is carefully analyzed, highlighting the wide variety of methodologies existing in the literature to measure PBS degradation through different routes (hydrolytic, enzymatic, and soil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Iván Peñas
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ricardo Arpad Pérez-Camargo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Rebeca Hernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (A.J.M.)
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17
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Jang YJ, Sangroniz L, Hillmyer MA. Ductile gas barrier poly(ester–amide)s derived from glycolide. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00479h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable poly(ester–amide)s derived from glycolide have been synthesized and their thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties have been studied by systematically changing the number of methylene groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Leire Sangroniz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
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18
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Wu F, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Challenges and new opportunities on barrier performance of biodegradable polymers for sustainable packaging. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
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20
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Kuzmanović M, Delva L, Cardon L, Ragaert K. Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003938. [PMID: 33191562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between processing, morphology, and properties of polymeric materials has been the subject of numerous studies of academic and industrial research. Finding an answer to this question might result in guidelines on how to design polymeric materials. Microfibrillar composites (MFCs) are an interesting class of polymer-polymer composites. The advantage of the MFC concept lies in developing in situ microfibrils by which a perfect homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix can be achieved. Their potentially excellent mechanical properties are strongly dependent on the aspect ratio of the fibrils, which is developed through a three-stage production process: melt blending, fibrillation, and isotropization. During melt blending, the polymers undergo different morphological changes, such as a breakup and coalescence of the droplets, which play a crucial role in defining the microstructure. During processing, various parameters may affect the morphology of the MFCs, which must be taken into account. Besides the processing parameters, the microstructure of the composite is dependent on the composition ratio of the blend and viscosity of the components, as well as the dispersion and distribution of the microfibrils. The objective here is to outline this importance and bring together an overview of the processing-structure-property relationship for MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanović
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Laurens Delva
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Kim Ragaert
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
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21
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Liu S, Li C, Wu H, Guo S. Novel Structure to Improve Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends: Multilayered Ribbons. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chunhai Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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22
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Sun Z, Wang L, Zhou J, Fan X, Xie H, Zhang H, Zhang G, Shi X. Influence of Polylactide (PLA) Stereocomplexation on the Microstructure of PLA/PBS Blends and the Cell Morphology of Their Microcellular Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102362. [PMID: 33076235 PMCID: PMC7602427 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactide foaming materials with promising biocompatibility balance the lightweight and mechanical properties well, and thus they can be desirable candidates for biological scaffolds used in tissue engineering. However, the cells are likely to coalesce and collapse during the foaming process of polylactide (PLA) due to its intrinsic low melt strength. This work introduces a unique PLA stereocomplexation into the microcellular foaming of poly (l-lactide)/poly (butylene succinate) (PLLA/PBS) based on supercritical carbon dioxide. The rheological properties of PLA/PBS with 5 wt% or 10 wt% poly (d-lactide) (PDLA) present enhanced melt strength owing to the formation of PLA stereocomplex crystals (sc-PLA), which act as physical pseudo-cross-link points in the molten blends by virtue of the strong intermolecular interaction between PLLA and the added PDLA. Notably, the introduction of either PBS or PDLA into the PLLA matrix could enhance its crystallization, while introducing both in the blend triggers a decreasing trend in the PLA crystallinity, which it is believed occurs due to the constrained molecular chain mobility by formed sc-PLA. Nevertheless, the enhanced melt strength and decreased crystallinity of PLA/PBS/PDLA blends are favorable for the microcellular foaming behavior, which enhanced the cell stability and provided amorphous regions for gas adsorption and homogeneous nucleation of PLLA cells, respectively. Furthermore, although the microstructure of PLA/PBS presents immiscible sea-island morphology, the miscibility was improved while the PBS domains were also refined by the introduction of PDLA. Overall, with the addition of PDLA into PLA/10PBS blends, the microcellular average cell size decreased from 3.21 to 0.66 μm with highest cell density of 2.23 × 1010 cells cm−3 achieved, confirming a stable growth of cells was achieved and more cell nucleation sites were initiated on the heterogeneous interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Sun
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (Z.S.); (J.Z.)
- NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Long Wang
- NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Jinyang Zhou
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (Z.S.); (J.Z.)
- NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xun Fan
- NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Hanghai Xie
- NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Han Zhang
- NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China; (Z.S.); (J.Z.)
- NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (L.W.); (X.F.); (H.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.S.)
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23
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24
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Shahnooshi M, Javadi A, Nazockdast H, Altstädt V. Development of in situ nanofibrillar poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene terephthalate) composites: Non-isothermal crystallization and crystal morphology. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Liu T, Lian X, Li L, Peng X, Kuang T. Facile fabrication of fully biodegradable and biorenewable poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) in-situ nanofibrillar composites with high strength, good toughness and excellent heat resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Li Y, Han C, Yu Y, Huang D. Uniaxial stretching and properties of fully biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:1-12. [PMID: 30731159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, fully biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) blends of various compositions were uniaxially stretched at different stretch ratios above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA. These stretched blends exhibited a closed microvoid structure, as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses verified that stretching-induced crystallization in the α-form could be achieved in the PLA matrix. This hierarchical structure could improve the multifunctional performance of PLA blends. The density of drawn blends with a P(3HB-co-4HB) content of 30 wt% and stretch ratio of 6 was reduced by 20% as compared to neat PLA. The excellent combination of strength, modulus, and ductility of drawn blends with a P(3HB-co-4HB) content of 10 wt% and stretch ratio of 6 was demonstrated; compared to neat PLA, these parameters increased by 300%, 320%, and 317%, respectively in breaking strength, modulus, and elongation at break (172.2 MPa, 4200 MPa, and 18.4%), respectively. Meanwhile, control over the degradation rate and thermomechanical-property improvement was achieved by adjusting the stretch ratio and/or blend composition. In practical terms, this processing technique provides a new way to manufacture lightweight and high-performance microvoid-containing biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Changyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Yancun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Dexin Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
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28
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Ma M, Liu K, Zheng H, Chen S, Wu B, Shi Y, Wang X. Effect of the composition and degree of crosslinking on the properties of poly( l
-lactic acid)/crosslinked polyurethane blends. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Haiming Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Bozhen Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
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29
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Dual effects of compatibilizer on the formation of oriented ribbon-like dispersed phase domains in polystyrene/polyamide 6 blends. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Yu HY, Zhang H, Song ML, Zhou Y, Yao J, Ni QQ. From Cellulose Nanospheres, Nanorods to Nanofibers: Various Aspect Ratio Induced Nucleation/Reinforcing Effects on Polylactic Acid for Robust-Barrier Food Packaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43920-43938. [PMID: 29171751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The traditional approach toward improving the crystallization rate as well as the mechanical and barrier properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the incorporation of nanocelluloses (NCs). Unfortunately, little study has been focused on the influence of the differences in NC morphology and dimensions on the PLA property enhancement. Here, by HCOOH/HCl hydrolysis of lyocell fibers, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and ginger fibers, we unveil the preparation of cellulose nanospheres (CNS), rod-like cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with different aspect ratios, respectively. All the NC surfaces were chemically modified by Fischer esterification with hydrophobic formate groups to improve the NC dispersion in the PLA matrix. This study systematically compared CNS, CNC, and CNF as reinforcing agents to induce different kinds of heterogeneous nucleation and reinforce the effects on the properties of PLA. The incorporation of three NCs can greatly improve the PLA crystallization ability, thermal stability, and mechanical strength of nanocomposites. At the same NC loading level, the PLA/CNS showed the highest crystallinity (19.8 ± 0.4%) with a smaller spherulite size (33 ± 1.5 μm), indicating that CNS, with its high specific surface area, can induce a stronger heterogeneous nucleation effect on the PLA crystallization than CNC or CNF. Instead, compared to PLA, the PLA/CNF nanocomposites gave the largest Young's modulus increase of 350 %, due to the larger aspect ratio/rigidity of CNF and their interlocking or percolation network caused by filler-matrix interfacial bonds. Furthermore, taking these factors of hydrogen bonding interaction, increased crystallinity, and interfacial tortuosity into account, the PLA/CNC nanocomposite films showed the best barrier property against water vapor and lowest migration levels in two liquid food simulates (well below 60 mg kg-1 for required overall migration in packaging) than CNS- and CNF-based films. This comparative study was very beneficial for selecting reasonable nanocelluloses as nucleation/reinforcing agents in robust-barrier packaging biomaterials with outstanding mechanical and thermal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yong Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park 2 Avenue-5, Hangzhou 310018, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park 2 Avenue-5, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mei-Li Song
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park 2 Avenue-5, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park 2 Avenue-5, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Juming Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park 2 Avenue-5, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qing-Qing Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Xiasha Higher Education Park 2 Avenue-5, Hangzhou 310018, China
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31
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Xu H, Xie L, Li J, Hakkarainen M. Coffee Grounds to Multifunctional Quantum Dots: Extreme Nanoenhancers of Polymer Biocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27972-27983. [PMID: 28770986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Central to the design and execution of nanocomposite strategies is the invention of polymer-affinitive and multifunctional nanoreinforcements amenable to economically viable processing. Here, a microwave-assisted approach enabled gram-scale fabrication of polymer-affinitive luminescent quantum dots (QDs) from spent coffee grounds. The ultrasmall dimensions (approaching 20 nm), coupled with richness of diverse oxygen functional groups, conferred the zero-dimensional QDs with proper exfoliation and uniform dispersion in poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) matrix. The unique optical properties of QDs were inherited by PLLA nanocomposites, giving intensive luminescence and high visible transparency, as well as nearly 100% UV-blocking ratio in the full-UV region at only 0.5 wt % QDs. The strong anchoring of PLLA chains at the nanoscale surfaces of QDs facilitated PLLA crystallization, which was accompanied by substantial improvements in thermomechanical and tensile properties. With 1 wt % QDs, for example, the storage modulus at 100 °C and tensile strength increased over 2500 and 69% compared to those of pure PLLA (4 and 57.3 MPa), respectively. The QD-enabled energy-dissipating and flexibility-imparting mechanisms upon tensile deformation, including the generation of numerous shear bands, crazing, and nanofibrillation, gave an unusual combination of elasticity and extensibility for PLLA nanocomposites. This paves the way to biowaste-derived nanodots with high affinity to polymer for elegant implementation of distinct light management and extreme nanoreinforcements in an ecofriendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 10044, Sweden
- ENN Graphene Technology Co., Ltd., ENN Group , Langfang 065001, China
| | - Lan Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jinlai Li
- ENN Graphene Technology Co., Ltd., ENN Group , Langfang 065001, China
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 10044, Sweden
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Li C, Jiang T, Wang J, Wu H, Guo S, Zhang X, Li J, Shen J, Chen R, Xiong Y. In Situ Formation of Microfibrillar Crystalline Superstructure: Achieving High-Performance Polylactide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25818-25829. [PMID: 28708370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a biobased and biodegradable polyester, polylactide (PLA) is widely applied in disposable products, biomedical devices, and textiles. Nevertheless, due to its inherent brittleness and inferior strength, simultaneously reinforcing and toughening of PLA without sacrificing its biodegradability is highly desirable. In this work, a robust assembly consisting of compact and well-ordered microfibrillar crystalline superstructure (FCS) surrounded by slightly oriented amorphism, is achieved by a combined external force field. Unlike the classic crystalline superstructures such as shish-kebabs, cylindrites, and lamellae, the newfound FCS with diameter of about 100 nm and length of several tens of micrometers is aggregated with well-aligned crystalline nanofibers. FCS can serve as discontinuous fiber to self-reinforce the amorphous PLA; more importantly, FCS can also act as rivets to pin the propagating fibrillar crazes leading to the formation of dense fibrillar crazes during stretching, which dissipates much energy and translates the failure of PLA from brittle to ductile. Consequently, PLA with FCS exhibits exceptionally simultaneous enhancement in ductility, strength, and stiffness, outperforming normal PLA with increments of 728, 55, and 70% in elongation at break, strength, and modulus, respectively. Therefore, FSC exhibits competitive advantages in achieving high-performance PLA even for other semicrystalline polymers. More significantly, this newfound crystalline superstructure (FCS) provides a new structural model to establish the correlation between structure and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
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33
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Xie L, Sun X, Tian Y, Dong F, He M, Xiong Y, Zheng Q. Self-nanofibrillation strategy to an unusual combination of strength and toughness for poly(lactic acid). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-nanofibrillation strategy paves a new way to an unprecedented combination of strength and toughness for pure PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Yaozhu Tian
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Fuping Dong
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Min He
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Yuzhu Xiong
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
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34
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Xie L, Xu H, Li LB, Hsiao BS, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Biomimetic Nanofibrillation in Two-Component Biopolymer Blends with Structural Analogs to Spider Silk. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34572. [PMID: 27694989 PMCID: PMC5046138 DOI: 10.1038/srep34572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous potential in bioinspired fabrication of high-strength structure by mimicking the spinning process of spider silk, currently accessible routes (e.g., microfluidic and electrospinning approaches) still have substantial function gaps in providing precision control over the nanofibrillar superstructure, crystalline morphology or molecular orientation. Here the concept of biomimetic nanofibrillation, by copying the spiders’ spinning principles, was conceived to build silk-mimicking hierarchies in two-phase biodegradable blends, strategically involving the stepwise integration of elongational shear and high-pressure shear. Phase separation confined on nanoscale, together with deformation of discrete phases and pre-alignment of polymer chains, was triggered in the elongational shear, conferring the readiness for direct nanofibrillation in the latter shearing stage. The orderly aligned nanofibrils, featuring an ultralow diameter of around 100 nm and the “rigid−soft” system crosslinked by nanocrystal domains like silk protein dopes, were secreted by fine nanochannels. The incorporation of multiscale silk-mimicking structures afforded exceptional combination of strength, ductility and toughness for the nanofibrillar polymer composites. The proposed spider spinning-mimicking strategy, offering the biomimetic function integration unattainable with current approaches, may prompt materials scientists to pursue biopolymer mimics of silk with high performance yet light weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huan Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liang-Bin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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35
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Xu H, Yang X, Xie L, Hakkarainen M. Conformational Footprint in Hydrolysis-Induced Nanofibrillation and Crystallization of Poly(lactic acid). Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:985-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Lan Xie
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
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36
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Kumar S, Maiti P. Controlled biodegradation of polymers using nanoparticles and its application. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled biodegradation mechanism has been revealed using different nanoparticles which eventually regulate pH of media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi 221 005
- India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi 221 005
- India
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37
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Zhou SY, Chen JB, Li XJ, Ji X, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Innovative enhancement of gas barrier properties of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposite films by introducing confined crystals. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22853k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we creatively obtain high gas barrier poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/clay nanocomposite films by introducing confined crystals taking advantage of the spatial confinement effect which commonly exists in polymer/nanofiller systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yang Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Jing-Bin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Xu-Juan Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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38
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Wu S, Han R, Nie M, Wang Q. Morphological diagram of a nucleating agent/poly(ε-caprolactone) and an in situ barrier strategy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A temperature/composition morphological diagram of nucleating agent/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends to direct in situ formation of flake nucleating agents was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Rui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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