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Jia S, Yang B, Du J, Xie Y, Yu L, Zhang Y, Tao T, Tang W, Gong J. Uncovering the Recent Progress of CNC-Derived Chirality Nanomaterials: Structure and Functions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401664. [PMID: 38651220 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), as a renewable resource, with excellent mechanical performance, low thermal expansion coefficient, and unique optical performance, is becoming a novel candidate for the development of smart material. Herein, the recent progress of CNC-based chirality nanomaterials is uncovered, mainly covering structure regulations and function design. Undergoing a simple evaporation process, the cellulose nanorods can spontaneously assemble into chiral nematic films, accompanied by a vivid structural color. Various film structure-controlling strategies, including assembly means, physical modulation, additive engineering, surface modification, geometric structure regulation, and external field optimization, are summarized in this work. The intrinsic correlation between structure and performance is emphasized. Next, the applications of CNC-based nanomaterials is systematically reviewed. Layer-by-layer stacking structure and unique optical activity endow the nanomaterials with wide applications in the mineralization, bone regeneration, and synthesis of mesoporous materials. Besides, the vivid structural color broadens the functions in anti-counterfeiting engineering, synthesis of the shape-memory and self-healing materials. Finally, the challenges for the CNC-based nanomaterials are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yujiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tiantian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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Lu S, Zhou Y, Hu X, Wang T, Xu B, Cui R, Ma T, Song Y. Tailoring the optical and mechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystal film by sugar alcohols and its pH/humidity-responsive behavior. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127316. [PMID: 37820913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have gained widespread attention in intelligent food packaging because of their iridescent optical properties. Here, we report a CNC composite film employing CNC, sugar alcohols (e.g., maltol, erythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol) and natural pigment anthocyanins, which has a special iridescent color that can be used as a pH and humidity sensor. The effects of five sugar alcohols with different addition ratios on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of the CNC films were investigated. The results demonstrated that the addition of sugar alcohol made composite films exhibiting a red-shift of λmax, a more uniform color in visual observation, and a larger pitch. Among them, the CNC-mannitol composite film with a ratio of 10:1 exhibited the best mechanical properties, possessing a tensile stress strength of 57 MPa and toughness of 137 J/m3. Subsequently, anthocyanins were incorporated to this composite film, which showed a marked color change along with the pH from 2 to 12 and exhibited a reversible color change from red to transparent upon a relative humidity change from 35 % to 85 %. Overall, such multi-environment-responsive iridescent films with excellent mechanical properties have a great potential for use in intelligent food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Lu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxing Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinna Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianhui Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ranran Cui
- Guangxi Qingqing Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangxi, Fangchenggang 538000, China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yi Song
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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4
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Luo Y, Liu Q, He P, Li L, Zhang Z, Li X, Bao G, Wong K, Tanner PA, Jiang L. Responsive Regulation of Energy Transfer in Lanthanide-Doped Nanomaterials Dispersed in Chiral Nematic Structure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303235. [PMID: 37505484 PMCID: PMC10520692 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The responsive control of energy transfer (ET) plays a key role in the broad applications of lanthanide-doped nanomaterials. Photonic crystals (PCs) are excellent materials for ET regulation. Among the numerous materials that can be used to fabricate PCs, chiral nematic liquid crystals are highly attractive due to their good photoelectric responsiveness and biocompatibility. Here, the mechanisms of ET and the photonic effect of chiral nematic structures on ET are introduced; the regulation methods of chiral nematic structures and the resulting changes in ET of lanthanide-doped nanomaterials are highlighted; and the challenges and promising opportunities for ET in chiral nematic structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Luo
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Qingdi Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Ping He
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Guochen Bao
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD)Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2007Australia
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University224 Waterloo RoadKowloonHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Peter A. Tanner
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University224 Waterloo RoadKowloonHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China
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5
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Parker RM, Parton TG, Chan CLC, Bay M, Frka-Petesic B, Vignolini S. Bioinspired Photonic Materials from Cellulose: Fabrication, Optical Analysis, and Applications. ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2023; 4:522-535. [PMID: 37383657 PMCID: PMC10294254 DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.3c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are a class of biopolymers that are widely exploited in living organisms for a diversity of applications, ranging from structural reinforcement to energy storage. Among the numerous types of polysaccharides found in the natural world, cellulose is the most abundant and widespread, as it is found in virtually all plants. Cellulose is typically organized into nanoscale crystalline fibrils within the cell wall to give structural integrity to plant tissue. However, in several species, such fibrils are organized into helicoidal nanostructures with a periodicity comparable to visible light (i.e., in the range 250-450 nm), resulting in structural coloration. As such, when taking bioinspiration as a design principle, it is clear that helicoidal cellulose architectures are a promising approach to developing sustainable photonic materials. Different forms of cellulose-derived materials have been shown to produce structural color by exploiting self-assembly processes. For example, crystalline nanoparticles of cellulose can be extracted from natural sources, such as cotton or wood, by strong acid hydrolysis. Such "cellulose nanocrystals" (CNCs) have been shown to form colloidal suspensions in water that can spontaneously self-organize into a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, mimicking the natural helicoidal architecture. Upon drying, this nanoscale ordering can be retained into the solid state, enabling the specific reflection of visible light. Using this approach, colors from across the entire visible spectrum can be produced, alongside striking visual effects such as iridescence or a metallic shine. Similarly, polymeric cellulose derivatives can also organize into a cholesteric liquid crystal. In particular, edible hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is known to produce colorful mesophases at high concentrations in water (ca. 60-70 wt %). This solution state behavior allows for interesting visual effects such as mechanochromism (enabling its use in low-cost colorimetric pressure or strain sensors), while trapping the structure into the solid state enables the production of structurally colored films, particles and 3D printed objects. In this article, we summarize the state-of-the-art for CNC and HPC-based photonic materials, encompassing the underlying self-assembly processes, strategies to design their photonic response, and current approaches to translate this burgeoning green technology toward commercial application in a wide range of sectors, from packaging to cosmetics and food. This overview is supported by a summary of the analytical techniques required to characterize these photonic materials and approaches to model their optical response. Finally, we present several unresolved scientific questions and outstanding technical challenges that the wider community should seek to address to develop these sustainable photonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun Lam Clement Chan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Mélanie
M. Bay
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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6
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Abbasi Moud A, Abbasi Moud A. Flow and assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC): A bottom-up perspective - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123391. [PMID: 36716841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic sources, such as lignocellulose-rich biomass, can be mechanically or acid degraded to produce inclusions called cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). They have several uses in the sectors of biomedicine, photonics, and material engineering because of their biodegradability, renewability, sustainability, and mechanical qualities. The processing and design of CNC-based products are inextricably linked to the rheological behaviour of CNC suspension or in combination with other chemicals, such as surfactants or polymers; in this context, rheology offers a significant link between microstructure and macro scale flow behaviour that is intricately linked to material response in applications. The flow behaviour of CNC items must be properly specified in order to produce goods with value-added characteristics. In this review article, we provide new research on the shear rheology of CNC dispersion and CNC-based hydrogels in the linear and nonlinear regime, with storage modulus values reported to range from ~10-3 to 103 Pa. Applications in technology and material science are also covered simultaneously. We carefully examined the effects of charge density, aspect ratio, concentration, persistence length, alignment, liquid crystal formation, the cause of chirality in CNCs, interfacial behaviour and interfacial rheology, linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity of CNC suspension in bulk and at the interface using the currently available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Department, AmirKabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875/4413, PC36+P45 District 6, Tehran, Tehran Province 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Aliyeh Abbasi Moud
- Biomedical Engineering Department, AmirKabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875/4413, PC36+P45 District 6, Tehran, Tehran Province 1591634311, Iran
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7
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Deng H, Chen Q, Xie F, Zhao C, Pan J, Cheng Q, Zhang C. Castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane/tunicate cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites for wearable strain sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120313. [PMID: 36604095 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tunicate cellulose nanocrystals (TCNCs) were introduced into castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to prepare bio-based nanocomposites through a simple solution blending method. The effect of TCNCs content on the particle size and stability of the composite dispersions, as well as the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the composite films were studied and discussed. The unique structure and properties of TCNCs, such as high crystallinity, large aspect ratio and high modulus, not only greatly improved the storage stability of WPU, but also showed significant reinforcing/toughening effects and excellent compatibility to WPU. By drip-coating silver nanowires (AgNWs) on the surface of the composite films, the flexible strain sensors were fabricated, which showed excellent sensitivity in monitoring human movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henghui Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Caimei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiaoyun Cheng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Sugarcane Industry, Engineering Technology of Light Industry, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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8
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Rajeev A, Natale G. Anisotropy and Nanomechanics of Cellulose Nanocrystals/Polyethylene Glycol Composite Films. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1592-1600. [PMID: 35344341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of shear flow on the nanomechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite films and the distribution of anisotropic phases are investigated at various CNC/PEG ratios. Here, the drying process of CNC/PEG mixed suspensions is systematically traced by rheology, followed by the spatial mapping of local mechanical properties of CNC/PEG films by nanoindentation. The detailed study of the morphology of CNC/PEG films by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and image analysis revealed the link between the mechanical properties and the influence of shear flow. A comparison of the data obtained for shear-dried films with nonsheared films showed the improved reduced Young's modulus (Er) and hardness (H), and suppression of microphase separation in the shear-dried films. Based on this experimental evidence, a mechanism is proposed to explain the microstructural transition during the shear-drying process leading to the generation of the anisotropic domains containing the shear-induced assembled structure of CNC particles coexisting with the elongated PEG microphases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Rajeev
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Giovanniantonio Natale
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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9
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Vu H, Woodcock JW, Krishnamurthy A, Obrzut J, Gilman JW, Coughlin EB. Visualization of Polymer Dynamics in Cellulose Nanocrystal Matrices Using Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10793-10804. [PMID: 35179343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites containing self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are ideal for advanced applications requiring both strength and toughness as the helicoidal structure of the CNCs deflects crack propagation and the polymer matrix dissipates impact energy. However, any adsorbed water layer surrounding the CNCs may compromise the interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix and the CNCs, thus impacting stress transfer at that interface. Therefore, it is critical to study the role of water at the interface in connecting the polymer dynamics and the resulting mechanical performance of the nanocomposite. Here, we explore the effect of polymer confinement and water content on polymer dynamics in CNC nanocomposites by covalently attaching a fluorogenic water-sensitive dye to poly(diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (PMEO2MA), to provide insights into the observed mechanical performance. Utilizing fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), the lifetime of dye fluorescence decay was measured to probe the polymer chain dynamics of PMEO2MA in CNC nanocomposite films. The PMEO2MA chains experienced distinct regions of differing dynamics within Bouligand structures. A correlation was observed between the average fluorescence lifetime and the mechanical performance of CNC films, indicating that polymer chains with high mobility improved the strain and toughness. These studies demonstrated FLIM as a method to investigate polymer dynamics at the nanosecond timescale that can readily be applied to other composite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Vu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jeremiah W Woodcock
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-3460, United States
| | - Ajay Krishnamurthy
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-3460, United States
| | - Jan Obrzut
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-3460, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Gilman
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-3460, United States
| | - E Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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10
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Facile adjustment on cellulose nanocrystals composite films with glycerol and benzyl acrylate copolymer for enhanced UV shielding property. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:41-49. [PMID: 35122797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite films with suitable applicable capabilities were prepared by facilely incorporating glycerol (Gly) and poly(benzyl acrylate) (PBA). Chemical and morphological variations during the fabrication of the films were systematically characterized. The properties of modified CNCs composite films including UV blocking ability, mechanical strength and thermal properties were characterized to assess their applicable potentials. As a result, the composite films have good UV shielding property in UVC (220-280 nm) region and UVB (280-320 nm) region. The shielding performance of the modified film in the ultraviolet absorption region reached 92.77% to 95.49% respectively, without damaging the original chiral nematic structure of the films. Along with the modification, BACNC film improved the mechanical properties, presenting the tensile strength 16 times higher compared to pure CNCs film. The nanocomposite films proposed in this work showed promising potentials in broad fields, such as food preservation, medical protection, and surface coating applications.
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11
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Meng Y, Long Z, He Z, Fu X, Dong C. Chiral Cellulose Nanocrystal Humidity-Responsive Iridescent Films with Glucan for Tuned Iridescence and Reinforced Mechanics. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4479-4488. [PMID: 34605629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of biomimetic photonic materials with environmental stimuli-responsive functions from entirely biobased materials is becoming increasingly challenging with the growing demand for biodegradable materials. Herein, the effect of glucan with different molecular weights on the mechanical performance and tunable structural color of iridescent CNC composite films was investigated. The existence of glucan did not influence the self-assembly performance of CNCs, but rather led to an improvement in the mechanical performance, enabling cholesteric CNC composite films with an adjustable structural color. Simultaneously, the iridescent films showed a conspicuous redshift and enlarged initial pitch without obstruction of the chiral structure. In response to environmental humidity, the structural colors of the iridescent composite films can be changed by regulating their chiral nematic structure. In particular, the films demonstrate a reversible structural color change between blue and red at RH between 50 and 98%. The resulting biobased iridescent composite films have potential applications in decorative coating, optical and humidity sensing, and anticounterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Long
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin He
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Xiaotong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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12
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De France K, Zeng Z, Wu T, Nyström G. Functional Materials from Nanocellulose: Utilizing Structure-Property Relationships in Bottom-Up Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000657. [PMID: 32267033 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is inherently challenging to recapitulate the precise hierarchical architectures found throughout nature (such as in wood, antler, bone, and silk) using synthetic bottom-up fabrication strategies. However, as a renewable and naturally sourced nanoscale building block, nanocellulose-both cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils-has gained significant research interest within this area. Altogether, the intrinsic shape anisotropy, surface charge/chemistry, and mechanical/rheological properties are some of the critical material properties leading to advanced structure-based functionality within nanocellulose-based bottom-up fabricated materials. Herein, the organization of nanocellulose into biomimetic-aligned, porous, and fibrous materials through a variety of fabrication techniques is presented. Moreover, sophisticated material structuring arising from both the alignment of nanocellulose and via specific process-induced methods is covered. In particular, design rules based on the underlying fundamental properties of nanocellulose are established and discussed as related to their influence on material assembly and resulting structure/function. Finally, key advancements and critical challenges within the field are highlighted, paving the way for the fabrication of truly advanced materials from nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin De France
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Zhihui Zeng
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Tingting Wu
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
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13
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De France KJ, Kummer N, Ren Q, Campioni S, Nyström G. Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystal–Lysozyme Composite Films with Varied Lysozyme Morphology. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5139-5147. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. De France
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nico Kummer
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9041 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Campioni
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Lossada F, Hoenders D, Guo J, Jiao D, Walther A. Self-Assembled Bioinspired Nanocomposites. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2622-2635. [PMID: 32991139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired materials engineering impacts the design of advanced functional materials across many domains of sciences from wetting behavior to optical and mechanical materials. In all cases, the advances in understanding how biology uses hierarchical design to create failure and defect-tolerant materials with emergent properties lays the groundwork for engaging into these topics. Biological mechanical materials are particularly inspiring for their unique combinations of stiffness, strength, and toughness together with lightweightness, as assembled and grown in water from a limited set of building blocks at room temperature. Wood, nacre, crustacean cuticles, and spider silk serve as some examples, where the correct arrangement of constituents and balanced molecular energy dissipation mechanisms allows overcoming the shortcomings of the individual components and leads to synergistic materials performance beyond additive behavior. They constitute a paradigm for future structural materials engineering-in the formation process, the use of sustainable building blocks and energy-efficient pathways, as well as in the property profiles-that will in the long term allow for new classes of high-performance and lightweight structural materials needed to promote energy efficiency in mobile technologies.This Account summarizes our efforts of the past decade with respect to designing self-assembling bioinspired materials aiming for both mechanical high-performance structures and new types of multifunctional property profiles. The Account is set out to first give a definition of bioinspired nanocomposite materials and self-assembly therein, followed by an in-depth discussion on the understanding of mechanical performance and rational design to increase the mechanical performance. We place a particular emphasis on materials formed at high fractions of reinforcements and with tailor-made functional polymers using self-assembly to create highly ordered structures and elucidate in detail how the soft polymer phase needs to be designed in terms of thermomechanical properties and sacrificial supramolecular bonds. We focus on nanoscale reinforcements such as nanoclay and nanocellulose that lead to high contents of internal interfaces and intercalated polymer layers that experience nanoconfinement. Both aspects add fundamental challenges for macromolecular design of soft phases using precision polymer synthesis. We build upon those design criteria and further develop the concepts of adaptive bioinspired nanocomposites, whose properties are switchable from the outside using molecularly defined triggers with light. In a last section, we discuss how new types of functional properties, in particular flexible and transparent gas barrier materials or fire barrier materials, can be reached on the basis of the bioinspired nanocomposite design strategies. Additionally, we show new types of self-assembled photonic materials that can even be evolved into self-assembling lasers, hence moving the concept of mechanical nanocomposite design to other functionalities.The comparative discussion of different bioinspired nanocomposite architectures with nematic, fibrillar, and cholesteric structures, as based on different reinforcing nanoparticles, aims for a unified understanding of the design principles and shall aid researchers in the field in the more elaborate design of future bioinspired nanocomposite materials based on molecular control principles. We conclude by addressing challenges, in particular also the need for a transfer from fundamental molecular materials science into scalable engineering materials of technological and societal relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lossada
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dejin Jiao
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Zhang ZL, Dong X, Fan YN, Yang LM, He L, Song F, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Chameleon-Inspired Variable Coloration Enabled by a Highly Flexible Photonic Cellulose Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46710-46718. [PMID: 32965096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to spontaneous organization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into the chiral nematic structure that can selectively reflect circularly polarized light within a visible-light region, fabricating stretching deformation-responsive CNC materials is of great interest but is still a big challenge, despite such a function widely observed from existing creatures, like a chameleon, because of the inherent brittleness. Here, a flexible network structure is introduced in CNCs, exerting a bridge effect for the rigid nanomaterials. The as-prepared films display high flexibility with a fracture strain of up to 39%. Notably, stretching-induced structural color changes visible to the naked eye are realized, for the first time, for CNC materials. In addition, the soft materials show humidity- and compression-responsive properties in terms of changing apparent structural colors. Colored marks left by ink-free writing can be shown or hidden by controlling the environmental humidities. This biobased photonic film, acting as a new "smart skin", is potentially used with multifunctions of chromogenic sensing, encryption, and anti-counterfeit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lian Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu Dong
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yi-Ning Fan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lu-Ming Yang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lu He
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Song
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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16
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Wang L, Urbas AM, Li Q. Nature-Inspired Emerging Chiral Liquid Crystal Nanostructures: From Molecular Self-Assembly to DNA Mesophase and Nanocolloids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1801335. [PMID: 30160812 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are omnipresent in living matter, whose chirality is an elegant and distinct feature in certain plant tissues, the cuticles of crabs, beetles, arthropods, and beyond. Taking inspiration from nature, researchers have recently devoted extensive efforts toward developing chiral liquid crystalline materials with self-organized nanostructures and exploring their potential applications in diverse fields ranging from dynamic photonics to energy and safety issues. In this review, an account on the state of the art of emerging chiral liquid crystalline nanostructured materials and their technological applications is provided. First, an overview on the significance of chiral liquid crystalline architectures in various living systems is given. Then, the recent significant progress in different chiral liquid crystalline systems including thermotropic LCs (cholesteric LCs, cubic blue phases, achiral bent-core LCs, etc.) and lyotropic LCs (DNA LCs, nanocellulose LCs, and graphene oxide LCs) is showcased. The review concludes with a perspective on the future scope, opportunities, and challenges in these truly advanced functional soft materials and their promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Augustine M Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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17
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Fabrication of environmental humidity-responsive iridescent films with cellulose nanocrystal/polyols. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116281. [PMID: 32475565 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we fabricated flexible and humidity-sensitive composite films employing cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and polyols, i.e., glycerol (G), xylitol (X) and sorbitol (S). The effects of polyols with different molecular weights on the structure, optical properties, mechanical strength and humidity response of the composite films were investigated. Notably, the CNC-S film exhibited obvious reversible colour changes from light green to red upon a relative humidity (RH) change from 30 % to 95 %. Moreover, it was found that the composite films had a large colour-change range, good reversibility (>10 cycles), and excellent stability (>10 weeks). Overall, the results demonstrated that the CNC-S composite film can be used as a functional material for the preparation of flexible humidity sensors for the detection of environmental humidity changes in agriculture, industry, and other fields.
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18
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Guo J, Haehnle B, Hoenders D, Creusen G, Jiao D, Kuehne AJC, Walther A. Biodegradable Laser Arrays Self-Assembled from Plant Resources. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002332. [PMID: 32537782 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The transition toward future sustainable societies largely depends on disruptive innovations in biobased materials to substitute nonsustainable advanced functional materials. In the field of optics, advanced devices (e.g., lasers or metamaterial devices) are typically manufactured using top-down engineering and synthetic materials. This work breaks with such concepts and switchable lasers self-assembled from plant-based cellulose nanocrystals and fluorescent polymers at room temperature and from water are shown. Controlled structure formation allows laser-grade cholesteric photonic bandgap materials, in which the photonic bandgap is matched to the fluorescence emission to function as an efficient resonator for low threshold multimode lasing. The lasers can be switched on and off using humidity, and can be printed into pixelated arrays. Additionally, the materials exhibit stiffness above typical thermoplastic polymers and biodegradability in soil. The concept showcases that highly advanced functions can be encoded into biobased materials, and opens the design space for future sustainable optical devices of unprecedented function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- A3BMS Lab, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Bastian Haehnle
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- A3BMS Lab, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Guido Creusen
- A3BMS Lab, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Dejin Jiao
- A3BMS Lab, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
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19
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Jiao D, Guo J, Lossada F, Hoenders D, Groeer S, Walther A. Hierarchical cross-linking for synergetic toughening in crustacean-mimetic nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12958-12969. [PMID: 32525166 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02228d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The twisted plywood structure as found in crustacean shells possesses excellent mechanical properties with high stiffness and toughness. Synthetic mimics can be produced by evaporation-induced self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with polymer components into bulk films with a cholesteric liquid crystal structure. However, these are often excessively brittle and it has remained challenging to make materials combining high stiffness and toughness. Here, we describe self-assembling cholesteric CNC/polymer nanocomposites with a crustacean-mimetic structure and tunable photonic band gap, in which we engineer combinations of thermo-activated covalent and supramolecular hydrogen-bonded crosslinks to tailor the energy dissipation properties by precise molecular design. Toughening occurs upon increasing the polymer fractions in the nanocomposites, and, critically, combinations of both molecular bonding mechanisms lead to a considerable synergetic increase of stiffness and toughness - beyond the common rule of mixtures. Our concept following careful molecular design allows one to enter previously unreached areas of mechanical property charts for cholesteric CNC-based nanocomposites. The study shows that the subtle engineering of molecular energy dissipation units using sophisticated chemical approaches enables efficient enhancing of the properties of bioinspired CNC/polymer nanocomposites, and opens the design space for future molecular enhancement using tailor-made interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Jiao
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Eckert A, Abbasi M, Mang T, Saalwächter K, Walther A. Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Dynamics of Polyethylenoxide/Nanoclay Nacre-Mimetic Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eckert
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- IAP—Institute for Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str.1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mozhdeh Abbasi
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Mang
- IAP—Institute for Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str.1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Gan PG, Sam ST, Abdullah MFB, Omar MF. Thermal properties of nanocellulose‐reinforced composites: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Gan
- School of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3 Arau Perlis
| | - S. T. Sam
- School of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3 Arau Perlis
| | - Muhammad Faiq bin Abdullah
- School of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3 Arau Perlis
| | - Mohd Firdaus Omar
- School of Material EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 2 Arau Perlis
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22
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Zhang R, Chu G, Vasilyev G, Martin P, Camposeo A, Persano L, Pisignano D, Zussman E. Hybrid Nanocomposites for 3D Optics: Using Interpolymer Complexes with Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19324-19330. [PMID: 31058491 PMCID: PMC6543505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of optical paths by three-dimensional (3D) integrated optics with customized stacked building blocks has gained considerable attention. Herein, we present functional thin films with assembly ability for 3D integrated optics based on nanocomposites made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) embedded in hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) interpolymer complexes (IPCs). We selected H-bonded IPC poly(ethylene oxide) and neutralized poly(acrylic acid) to render films assembly ability without undesired interplay with charge distribution in CNCs. The CNCs can form a stable chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase with long-range orientational order and helical organization. The resulting nanocomposites are characterized with a high elastic modulus of 8.8 GPa and an adhesion strength of 1.35 MPa through reversible intermolecular interactions at the contact interface upon exposure to acidic vapor. Instead, simply stacked into 3D optics, these functional thin films serve as a facile material for providing a conceptually simple approach to assemble 3D integrated optics with different liquid crystalline orderings to manipulate the light polarization state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyan Zhang
- NanoEngineering
Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Guang Chu
- NanoEngineering
Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Gleb Vasilyev
- NanoEngineering
Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Patrick Martin
- NanoEngineering
Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Andrea Camposeo
- NEST,
Instituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luana Persano
- NEST,
Instituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- NEST,
Istituto Nanoscience-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eyal Zussman
- NanoEngineering
Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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23
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Jiang H, Kan L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wang G, Gao S, Ma N, Wei H. A ureido-pyrimidone based aspartic acid derivative: synthesis and pH-responsive self-assembly in water. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pH-responsive UPy-aspartic acid aggregates can act as templates for the controlled synthesis of silver nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Jiang
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Lei Kan
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Guojun Wang
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Shan Gao
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hao Wei
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
- China
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24
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Lossada F, Guo J, Jiao D, Groeer S, Bourgeat-Lami E, Montarnal D, Walther A. Vitrimer Chemistry Meets Cellulose Nanofibrils: Bioinspired Nanopapers with High Water Resistance and Strong Adhesion. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:1045-1055. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lossada
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Dejin Jiao
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Saskia Groeer
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon,
CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes, 43 Bvd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Montarnal
- Univ Lyon. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon,
CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes, 43 Bvd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Andreas Walther
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg 79110, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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25
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Eckert A, Rudolph T, Guo J, Mang T, Walther A. Exceptionally Ductile and Tough Biomimetic Artificial Nacre with Gas Barrier Function. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802477. [PMID: 29947065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic mimics of natural high-performance structural materials have shown great and partly unforeseen opportunities for the design of multifunctional materials. For nacre-mimetic nanocomposites, it has remained extraordinarily challenging to make ductile materials with high stretchability at high fractions of reinforcements, which is however of crucial importance for flexible barrier materials. Here, highly ductile and tough nacre-mimetic nanocomposites are presented, by implementing weak, but many hydrogen bonds in a ternary nacre-mimetic system consisting of two polymers (poly(vinyl amine) and poly(vinyl alcohol)) and natural nanoclay (montmorillonite) to provide efficient energy dissipation and slippage at high nanoclay content (50 wt%). Tailored interactions enable exceptional combinations of ductility (close to 50% strain) and toughness (up to 27.5 MJ m-3 ). Extensive stress whitening, a clear sign of high internal dynamics at high internal cohesion, can be observed during mechanical deformation, and the materials can be folded like paper into origami planes without fracture. Overall, the new levels of ductility and toughness are unprecedented in highly reinforced bioinspired nanocomposites and are of critical importance to future applications, e.g., as barrier materials needed for encapsulation and as a printing substrate for flexible organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eckert
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Rudolph
- Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mang
- Institute for Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albertstraße 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Jiao D, Guo J, Eckert A, Hoenders D, Lossada F, Walther A. Facile and On-Demand Cross-Linking of Nacre-Mimetic Nanocomposites Using Tailor-Made Polymers with Latent Reactivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20250-20255. [PMID: 29856207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of on-demand cross-linking strategies is a key aspect in promoting mechanical properties of high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites. Here, we embed styrene sulfonyl azide groups with latent chemical reactivity into water-soluble copolymers and assemble those with high-aspect-ratio synthetic nanoclays to generate well-defined layered polymer/nanoclay nacre-mimetics. A considerable stiffening and strengthening occurs upon activation of the covalent cross-linking using simple heating. Varying the amount of cross-linkable units allows molecular control of mechanical properties from ductile to stiff and strong. Moreover, the covalent cross-linking enhances the moisture stability of water-borne nacre-mimetics. The strategy is facile and versatile allowing for a transfer into applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Jiao
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Alexander Eckert
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstrasse 50 , Aachen 52056 , Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Francisco Lossada
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies , University of Freiburg , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
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27
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Chakrabarty A, Teramoto Y. Recent Advances in Nanocellulose Composites with Polymers: A Guide for Choosing Partners and How to Incorporate Them. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E517. [PMID: 30966551 PMCID: PMC6415375 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the research on nanocellulose composites with polymers has made significant contributions to the development of functional and sustainable materials. This review outlines the chemistry of the interaction between the nanocellulose and the polymer matrix, along with the extent of the reinforcement in their nanocomposites. In order to fabricate well-defined nanocomposites, the type of nanomaterial and the selection of the polymer matrix are always crucial from the viewpoint of polymer⁻filler compatibility for the desired reinforcement and specific application. In this review, recent articles on polymer/nanocellulose composites were taken into account to provide a clear understanding on how to use the surface functionalities of nanocellulose and to choose the polymer matrix in order to produce the nanocomposite. Here, we considered cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as the nanocellulosic materials. A brief discussion on their synthesis and properties was also incorporated. This review, overall, is a guide to help in designing polymer/nanocellulose composites through the utilization of nanocellulose properties and the selection of functional polymers, paving the way to specific polymer⁻filler interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chakrabarty
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yoshikuni Teramoto
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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28
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Parker RM, Guidetti G, Williams CA, Zhao T, Narkevicius A, Vignolini S, Frka-Petesic B. The Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Hierarchical Design of Visual Appearance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704477. [PMID: 29250832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
By controlling the interaction of biological building blocks at the nanoscale, natural photonic nanostructures have been optimized to produce intense coloration. Inspired by such biological nanostructures, the possibility to design the visual appearance of a material by guiding the hierarchical self-assembly of its constituent components, ideally using natural materials, is an attractive route for rationally designed, sustainable manufacturing. Within the large variety of biological building blocks, cellulose nanocrystals are one of the most promising biosourced materials, primarily for their abundance, biocompatibility, and ability to readily organize into photonic structures. Here, the mechanisms underlying the formation of iridescent, vividly colored materials from colloidal liquid crystal suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals are reviewed and recent advances in structural control over the hierarchical assembly process are reported as a toolbox for the design of sophisticated optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Giulia Guidetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Cyan A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tianheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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29
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Natarajan B, Gilman JW. Bioinspired Bouligand cellulose nanocrystal composites: a review of mechanical properties. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170050. [PMID: 29277746 PMCID: PMC5746561 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The twisted plywood, or Bouligand, structure is the most commonly observed microstructural motif in natural materials that possess high mechanical strength and toughness, such as that found in bone and the mantis shrimp dactyl club. These materials are isotropically toughened by a low volume fraction of soft, energy-dissipating polymer and by the Bouligand structure itself, through shear wave filtering and crack twisting, deflection and arrest. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are excellent candidates for the bottom-up fabrication of these structures, as they naturally self-assemble into 'chiral nematic' films when cast from solutions and possess outstanding mechanical properties. In this article, we present a review of the fabrication techniques and the corresponding mechanical properties of Bouligand biomimetic CNC nanocomposites, while drawing comparison to the performance standards set by tough natural composite materials.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Natarajan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Gilman
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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30
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Abstract
Nature assembles weak organic and inorganic constituents into sophisticated hierarchical structures, forming structural composites that demonstrate impressive combinations of strength and toughness. Two such composites are the nacre structure forming the inner layer of many mollusk shells, whose brick-and-mortar architecture has been the gold standard for biomimetic composites, and the cuticle forming the arthropod exoskeleton, whose helicoidal fiber-reinforced architecture has only recently attracted interest for structural biomimetics. In this review, we detail recent biomimetic efforts for the fabrication of strong and tough composite materials possessing the brick-and-mortar and helicoidal architectures. Techniques discussed for the fabrication of nacre- and cuticle-mimetic structures include freeze casting, layer-by-layer deposition, spray deposition, magnetically assisted slip casting, fiber-reinforced composite processing, additive manufacturing, and cholesteric self-assembly. Advantages and limitations to these processes are discussed, as well as the future outlook on the biomimetic landscape for structural composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Yaraghi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA;
| | - David Kisailus
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA; .,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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31
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Yao K, Meng Q, Bulone V, Zhou Q. Flexible and Responsive Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystal/Poly(ethylene glycol) Composite Films with Uniform and Tunable Structural Color. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701323. [PMID: 28558169 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of responsive photonic structures from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) that can operate in the entire visible spectrum is challenging due to the requirements of precise periodic modulation of the pitch size of the self-assembled multilayer structures at the length scale within the wavelength of the visible light. The surface charge density of CNCs is an important factor in controlling the pitch size of the chiral nematic structure of the dried solid CNC films. The assembly of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) together with CNCs into smaller chiral nematic domains results in solid films with uniform helical structure upon slow drying. Large, flexible, and flat photonic composite films with uniform structure colors from blue to red are prepared by changing the composition of CNCs and PEG. The CNC/PEG(80/20) composite film demonstrates a reversible and smooth structural color change between green and transparent in response to an increase and decrease of relative humidity between 50% and 100% owing to the reversible swelling and dehydration of the chiral nematic structure. The composite also shows excellent mechanical and thermal properties, complementing the multifunctional property profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qijun Meng
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Benítez AJ, Walther A. Counterion Size and Nature Control Structural and Mechanical Response in Cellulose Nanofibril Nanopapers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1642-1653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J. Benítez
- Institute for Macromolecular
Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center
for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular
Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center
for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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33
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Liu P, Guo X, Nan F, Duan Y, Zhang J. Modifying Mechanical, Optical Properties and Thermal Processability of Iridescent Cellulose Nanocrystal Films Using Ionic Liquid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3085-3092. [PMID: 28026934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iridescent films formed from the self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are brittle and difficult to handle or integrate within an industrial process. Here we present a simple approach to prepare iridescent CNC films with tunable pliability and coloration through the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) as plasticizers. By using the undried CNC film as a filter membrane and ILs solution as a leaching liquid, it was found that the filtration process made ILs uniformly interpenetrate into CNC film due to the strong ionic interaction between CNC and AmimCl. Unexpectedly, the filtration process also gave rise to partial desulfurization of CNC film, which is conducive to the improvement of thermal stability. Benefiting from the improved thermal stability and the dissolving capacity of AmimCl for cellulose at high temperature, the incorporated ILs enable the cholesteric CNC film to be further toughened via a hot-pressing treatment. This study demonstrates that ionic liquids have great potential to modify the mechanical, optical properties as well as the thermal stability of iridescent CNC films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Fuchun Nan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yongxin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao 266042, China
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34
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Wang PX, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Polymer and Mesoporous Silica Microspheres with Chiral Nematic Order from Cellulose Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Wadood Y. Hamad
- FPInnovations; 2665 East Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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35
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Wang PX, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Polymer and Mesoporous Silica Microspheres with Chiral Nematic Order from Cellulose Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12460-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Wadood Y. Hamad
- FPInnovations; 2665 East Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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36
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Nan F, Chen Q, Liu P, Nagarajan S, Duan Y, Zhang J. Iridescent graphene/cellulose nanocrystal film with water response and highly electrical conductivity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-assembly of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and thermal reduced graphene (TRG) leads to composite films with highly ordered, layered structures at submicrometer level, which can be reversibly changed by the hydration or dehydration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Nan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - S. Nagarajan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - Yongxin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
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