1
|
Wang Y, Chen Z, Jiang K, Shen Z, Passerini S, Chen M. Accelerating the Development of LLZO in Solid-State Batteries Toward Commercialization: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402035. [PMID: 38770746 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are under development as high-priority technologies for safe and energy-dense next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems operating over a wide temperature range. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) exhibit high thermal stability and, in some cases, the ability to prevent dendrite growth through a physical barrier, and compatibility with the "holy grail" metallic lithium. These unique advantages of SSEs have spurred significant research interests during the last decade. Garnet-type SSEs, that is, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), are intensively investigated due to their high Li-ion conductivity and exceptional chemical and electrochemical stability against lithium metal anodes. However, poor interfacial contact with cathode materials, undesirable lithium plating along grain boundaries, and moisture-induced chemical degradation greatly hinder the practical implementation of LLZO-based SSEs for SSBs. In this review, the recent advances in synthesis methods, modification strategies, corresponding mechanisms, and applications of garnet-based SSEs in SSBs are critically summarized. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of the challenges and development trends of LLZO-based electrolytes in practical applications is presented to accelerate their development for high-performance SSBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zexiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Sapienza University of Rome, Chemistry Department, P. Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Minghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dive A, Kim K, Kang S, Wan LF, Wood BC. First-principles evaluation of dopant impact on structural deformability and processability of Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13762-13772. [PMID: 37464810 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) and related ceramic solid electrolytes feature excellent stability and reasonable ionic conductivity, but processing remains challenging. High-temperature co-sintering is required for successful integration with the electrode, which is energetically costly and can lead to unacceptable cathode degradation. The introduction of dopants can promote lower-temperature processing by improving deformability and disrupting lattice integrity; however, an unbiased, systematic study correlating these properties to the dopant chemistry and composition is lacking. Here, we rely on a set of static and dynamic metrics derived from first-principles simulations to estimate the impact of doping on LLZO processability by quantifying LLZO structural deformability. We considered three distinct dopants (Al, Ba, and Ta) as representatives of substitutional incorporation on Li, La, and Zr sites. Our descriptors indicate that doping in general positively impacts lattice deformability, although significant sensitivities to dopant identity and concentration are observed. Amongst the tested dopants, Al doping (on the Li site) appears to have the greatest impact, as signaled across nearly the entire set of computed features. We suggest that these proxy descriptors, once properly calibrated against well-controlled experiments, could enable the use of first-principles simulations to computationally screen new ceramic electrolyte compositions with improved processability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dive
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
| | - K Kim
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
| | - S Kang
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
| | - L F Wan
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
| | - B C Wood
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Subramanian Y, Rajagopal R, Ryu KS. Toward Achieving a High Ionic Conducting Halide Solid Electrolyte through Low-Cost Metal (Zr and Fe) and F Substitution and Their Admirable Performance in All-Solid-State Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38710157 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the halide solid electrolyte (SE) system has been widely used in lithium solid-state batteries due to their specific properties, such as the high electrochemical stability window that prevents any side reaction with the electrode/electrolyte interface. Conspicuously, the halide SE possesses very low ionic conductivity values in the range (0.2-0.5) mS cm-1. In this work, we enhance the ionic conductivity of Li3YCl6 SE by the substitution of low-cost Fe and Zr elements on the Y-site and F on the Cl site, in which the electrolyte is prepared through high-energy ball milling without a heat treatment process. The structural analysis reveals that the prepared halide SEs showed the pure phase of the Li3YCl6 tetragonal crystal structure and were free from impurity phases. In the prepared composition, the Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl6 and Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl5.85F0.15 electrolyte exhibited a higher ionic conductivity of 2.05 and 1.45 mS cm-1, respectively, than Li3YCl6 (0.26 mS cm-1). Interestingly, the Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl5.85F0.15 electrolyte possesses a better electrochemical stability window of 1.29-3.9 V than Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl6 (2.1-3.79 V). Moreover, the electrochemical results revealed that the assembled solid-state battery using Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl6 and Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl5.85F0.15 electrolyte demonstrated the higher initial Coulombic efficiency of 84.7 and 87%, respectively, than Li3YCl6 of 82.6%. We consider Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl5.85F0.15 to be an important electrolyte candidate in all-solid-state batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Doowang-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh Rajagopal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Doowang-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Doowang-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Feng J, Zhu G, Yan J, Bartlett S, Wang Z, Hao Z, Gao Z, Wang R. Effect of Li 6.4La 3Zr 1.4Ta 0.6O 12 Fillers on the Interfacial Properties between Composite PEO-LiTFSI Electrolytes with Li Metal during Cycling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13786-13794. [PMID: 38446136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PEO-LiX solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) with the addition of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) fillers is considered as a promising solid-state electrolyte for solid-state Li-ion batteries. However, the developments of the SPE have caused additional challenges, such as poor contact interface and SPE/Li interface stability during cycling, which always lead to potentially catastrophic battery failure. The main problem is that the real impact of LLZTO fillers on the interfacial properties between SPE and Li metal is still unclear. Herein, we combined the electrochemical measurement and in situ synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) imaging technology to study the role of LLZTO fillers in directing SPE/Li interface electrochemical performance. In situ XRF-XANES mapping during cycling showed that addition of an appropriate amount of LLZTO fillers (50 wt %) can improve the interfacial contact and stability between SPE and Li metal without reacting with the PEO and Li salts. Additionally, it also demonstrated the beneficial effect of LLZTO particles for suppressing the interface reactions between the Li metal and PEO-LiTFSI SPE and further inhibiting Li-metal dendrite growth. The Li|LiFePO4 batteries deliver long cycling for over 700 cycles with a low-capacity fade rate of 0.08% per cycle at a rate of 0.3C, revealing tremendous potential in promoting the large-scale application of future solid-state Li-ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Junrun Feng
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Guanghan Zhu
- Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Jay Yan
- Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Bartlett
- Diamond light source, Harwell Science& Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Zhangxiang Hao
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Zhonghui Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ryan Wang
- Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng Z, Zhou J, Zhu Y. Computational approach inspired advancements of solid-state electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries: from first-principles to machine learning. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3134-3166. [PMID: 38375570 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00572k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for high-security, high-performance, and low-cost energy storage systems (EESs) driven by the adoption of renewable energy is gradually surpassing the capabilities of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), including inorganics, polymers, and composites, have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). ASSBs offer higher theoretical energy densities, improved safety, and extended cyclic stability, making them increasingly popular in academia and industry. However, the commercialization of ASSBs still faces significant challenges, such as unsatisfactory interfacial resistance and rapid dendrite growth. To overcome these problems, a thorough understanding of the complex chemical-electrochemical-mechanical interactions of SSE materials is essential. Recently, computational methods have played a vital role in revealing the fundamental mechanisms associated with SSEs and accelerating their development, ranging from atomistic first-principles calculations, molecular dynamic simulations, multiphysics modeling, to machine learning approaches. These methods enable the prediction of intrinsic properties and interfacial stability, investigation of material degradation, and exploration of topological design, among other factors. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of different numerical methods used in SSE research. We discuss the current state of knowledge in numerical auxiliary approaches, with a particular focus on machine learning-enabled methods, for the understanding of multiphysics-couplings of SSEs at various spatial and time scales. Additionally, we highlight insights and prospects for SSE advancements. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals working with energy storage systems and computational modeling and offers perspectives on the future directions of SSE development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Zheng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211816, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211816, China.
| | - Yusong Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211816, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu L, Gao X, Wang H, Song Y, Zhu Y, Tao Z, Yuan B, Hu R. Progress of Polymer Electrolytes Worked in Solid-State Lithium Batteries for Wide-Temperature Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2312251. [PMID: 38461521 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state Li-ion batteries have emerged as the most promising next-generation energy storage systems, offering theoretical advantages such as superior safety and higher energy density. However, polymer-based solid-state Li-ion batteries face challenges across wide temperature ranges. The primary issue lies in the fact that most polymer electrolytes exhibit relatively low ionic conductivity at or below room temperature. This sensitivity to temperature variations poses challenges in operating solid-state lithium batteries at sub-zero temperatures. Moreover, elevated working temperatures lead to polymer shrinkage and deformation, ultimately resulting in battery failure. To address this challenge of polymer-based solid-state batteries, this review presents an overview of various promising polymer electrolyte systems. The review provides insights into the temperature-dependent physical and electrochemical properties of polymers, aiming to expand the temperature range of operation. The review also further summarizes modification strategies for polymer electrolytes suited to diverse temperatures. The final section summarizes the performance of various polymer-based solid-state batteries at different temperatures. Valuable insights and potential future research directions for designing wide-temperature polymer electrolytes are presented based on the differences in battery performance. This information is intended to inspire practical applications of wide-temperature polymer-based solid-state batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongli Zhu
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
| | - Zhijun Tao
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
| | - Renzong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chai S, He Q, Zhou J, Chang Z, Pan A, Zhou H. Solid-State Electrolytes and Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Rechargeable Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301268. [PMID: 37845180 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to the high safety, high energy density and wide operating temperature range of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) they use. Unfortunately, the practical application of SSEs has rarely been successful, which is largely attributed to the low chemical stability and ionic conductivity, ineluctable solid-solid interface issues including limited ion transport channels, high energy barriers, and poor interface contact. A comprehensive understanding of ion transport mechanisms of various SSEs, interactions between fillers and polymer matrixes and the role of the interface in SSBs are indispensable for rational design and performance optimization of novel electrolytes. The categories, research advances and ion transport mechanism of inorganic glass/ceramic electrolytes, polymer-based electrolytes and corresponding composite electrolytes are detailly summarized and discussed. Moreover, interface contact and compatibility between electrolyte and cathode/anode are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, the electrochemical characterization methods of SSEs used in different types of SSBs are also introduced. On this basis, the principles and prospects of novel SSEs and interface design are curtly proposed according to the development requirements of SSBs. Moreover, the advanced characterizations for real-time monitoring of interface changes are also brought forward to promote the development of SSBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Anqiang Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Micro-structures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi J, Lee B. Quantitative Topic Analysis of Materials Science Literature Using Natural Language Processing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1957-1968. [PMID: 38059688 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Materials science research has garnered extensive attention from industry, society, policy, and academia. However, understanding the research landscape and extracting strategic insights are challenging due to the increasing diversity and volume of publications. This study proposes a natural language processing-based protocol for extracting text-encoded topics from a large volume of scientific literature, uncovering research interests of scientific communities, as well as convergence trends. We report a topic map, representing the materials science research landscape with text-mined 257 topics regarding biocompatible materials, structural materials, electrochemistry, or photonics. We analyze the topic map in terms of national research interests in materials science, revealing competitive positions and strategies of active nations. For example, it is found that the increasing trend of research interest in machine learning topic was captured in the United States earlier than other nations. Similarly, our journal-level analyses serve as reference information for journal recommendations and trend guidance, showing that the main topics and research interests of materials science journals slightly changed over time. Moreover, we build the topic association network which can highlight the status and future potential of interdisciplinary research, revealing research fields with high centrality in the network such as machine learning-enabled composite modeling, energy policy, or wearable electronics. This study offers insightful results on current and near-future materials science research landscapes, facilitating the understanding of stakeholders, amidst the fast-evolving and diverse knowledge of materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Choi
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungju Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ryu JG, Balasubramaniam R, Aravindan V, Park S, Cho SJ, Lee YS. Synthesis and Characterization of the New Li 1+xAl 1+xSi 1-xO 4 ( x = 0-0.25) Solid Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:761-771. [PMID: 38109301 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study was performed to investigate the effect of the sintering temperature, sintering duration, and aluminum doping on the crystalline structure and ionic conductivity of the Li1+xAl1+xSi1-xO4 (LASO; x = 0-0.25) solid electrolyte. There was a strong indication that an increase in the sintering temperature and sintering time increased the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. In particular, the doping concentration and composition ratio (Li1+xAl1+xSi1-xO4; x = 0-0.25) were found to be crucial factors for achieving high ionic conductivity. The sintering time of 18 h and lithium concentration influenced the lattice parameters of the LASO electrolyte, resulting in a significant improvement in ionic conductivity from 2.11 × 10-6 (for pristine LASO) to 1.07 × 10-5 S cm-1. An increase in the lithium concentration affected the stoichiometry, and it facilitated a smoother Li-ion transfer process since lithium served as an ion-conducting bridge between LASO grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Je-Gwang Ryu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500 757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramkumar Balasubramaniam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500 757, Republic of Korea
| | - Vanchiappan Aravindan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Sangho Park
- Department of Battery Engineering, Dongshin University, Dongshindae-gil 34-22, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung June Cho
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500 757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sung Lee
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500 757, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vema S, Berge AH, Nagendran S, Grey CP. Clarifying the Dopant Local Structure and Effect on Ionic Conductivity in Garnet Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:9632-9646. [PMID: 38047184 PMCID: PMC10687891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The high Li-ion conductivity and wide electrochemical stability of Li-rich garnets (Li7La3Zr2O12) make them one of the leading solid electrolyte candidates for solid-state batteries. Dopants such as Al and Ga are typically used to enable stabilization of the high Li+ ion-conductive cubic phase at room temperature. Although numerous studies exist that have characterized the electrochemical properties, structure, and lithium diffusion in Al- and Ga-LLZO, the local structure and site occupancy of dopants in these compounds are not well understood. Two broad 27Al or 69,71Ga resonances are often observed with chemical shifts consistent with tetrahedrally coordinated Al/Ga in the magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra of both Al- and Ga-LLZO, which have been assigned to either Al and/or Ga occupying 24d and 96h/48g sites in the LLZO lattice or the different Al/Ga configurations that arise from different arrangements of Li around these dopants. In this work, we unambiguously show that the side products γ-LiAlO2 and LiGaO2 lead to the high frequency resonances observed by NMR spectroscopy and that both Al and Ga only occupy the 24d site in the LLZO lattice. Furthermore, it was observed that the excess Li often used during synthesis leads to the formation of these side products by consuming the Al/Ga dopants. In addition, the consumption of Al/Ga dopants leads to the tetragonal phase formation commonly observed in the literature, even after careful mixing of precursors. The side-products can exist even after sintering, thereby controlling the Al/Ga content in the LLZO lattice and substantially influencing the lithium-ion conductivity in LLZO, as measured here by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Vema
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Astrid H. Berge
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Supreeth Nagendran
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu JF, Zou Z, Pu B, Ladenstein L, Lin S, Xie W, Li S, He B, Fan Y, Pang WK, Wilkening HMR, Guo X, Xu C, Zhang T, Shi S, Liu J. Liquid-Like Li-Ion Conduction in Oxides Enabling Anomalously Stable Charge Transport across the Li/Electrolyte Interface in All-Solid-State Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303730. [PMID: 37358065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The softness of sulfur sublattice and rotational PS4 tetrahedra in thiophosphates result in liquid-like ionic conduction, leading to enhanced ionic conductivities and stable electrode/thiophosphate interfacial ionic transport. However, the existence of liquid-like ionic conduction in rigid oxides remains unclear, and modifications are deemed necessary to achieve stable Li/oxide solid electrolyte interfacial charge transport. In this study, by combining the neutron diffraction survey, geometrical analysis, bond valence site energy analysis, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, 1D liquid-like Li-ion conduction is discovered in LiTa2 PO8 and its derivatives, wherein Li-ion migration channels are connected by four- or five-fold oxygen-coordinated interstitial sites. This conduction features a low activation energy (0.2 eV) and short mean residence time (<1 ps) of Li ions on the interstitial sites, originating from the Li-O polyhedral distortion and Li-ion correlation, which are controlled by doping strategies. The liquid-like conduction enables a high ionic conductivity (1.2 mS cm-1 at 30 °C), and a 700 h anomalously stable cycling under 0.2 mA cm-2 for Li/LiTa2 PO8 /Li cells without interfacial modifications. These findings provide principles for the future discovery and design of improved solid electrolytes that do not require modifications to the Li/solid electrolyte interface to achieve stable ionic transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology of Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zheyi Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Pu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lukas Ladenstein
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Shen Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Shen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Bing He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yameng Fan
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Wei Kong Pang
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - H Martin R Wilkening
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Laboratory of Solid State Ionics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chaohe Xu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jilei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology of Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Campanella D, Zhu W, Girard G, Savoie S, Kaboli S, Feng Z, Guerfi A, Romio M, Molaiyan P, Bélanger D, Paolella A. Hexavalent Ions Insertion in Garnet Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Toward a Low Temperature Densification Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300399. [PMID: 37171048 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, solid electrolytes are considered the main alternative to conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium batteries. The fabrication of these materials is however limited by the strict synthesis conditions, requiring high temperatures which can negatively impact the final performances. Here, it is shown that a modification of garnet-based Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO) and the incorporation of tellurium can accelerate the synthesis process by lowering the formation temperature of cubic LLZO at temperatures below 700 °C. Optimized synthesis at 750 °C showed a decrease in particle size and cell parameter for samples with higher amounts of Te and the evaluation of electrochemical performances reported for LLZO Te0.25 a value of ionic conductivity of 5,15×10-5 S cm-1 after hot-pressing at 700 °C, two orders of magnitude higher than commercial Al-LLZO undergoing the same working conditions, and the highest value at this densification temperature. Partial segregation of Te-rich phases occurs for high-temperature densification. Our study shows the advantages of Te insertion on the sintering process of LLZO garnet and demonstrates the achievement of highly conductive LLZO with a low-temperature treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Campanella
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Wen Zhu
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Girard
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Sylvio Savoie
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Shirin Kaboli
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Zimin Feng
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Abdelbast Guerfi
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Martina Romio
- Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Battery Tecnologies, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Palanivel Molaiyan
- Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Battery Tecnologies, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Andrea Paolella
- Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Battery Tecnologies, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Wien, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry-Functional Materials, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo Z, Li Q, Li X, Wang Z, Guo H, Peng W, Li G, Yan G, Wang J. Uniform Densification of Garnet Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300232. [PMID: 37199176 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly uniformly dense garnet type solid-state electrolyte plays a significant role in determining the performance of solid-state lithium batteries. Herein, a rational powder-covering sintering strategy is proposed and demonstrated, in which narrow-particle-size-distribution fine powder and uniform sintering temperature distribution are considered as very significant factors. It is suggested that powder materials with wider particle size distribution dramatically decrease the densified level of electrolytes. Slow temperature elevating rate and the overhead structure of bearing table are found to be beneficial to uniform densification. Moreover, the uniform densification process of sintering solid-state electrolyte is studied both microscopically and macroscopically, which can be divided into three phases according to the grain growing evolution and linear shrinkage patterns. The ionic conductivity of the as-prepared Li6.4 La3 Zr1.4 Ta0.6 O12 (LLZTO) garnet electrolyte is determined to be 0.73 mS cm-1 at 303 K with an activation energy of 0.37 eV. The Li/LLZTO/Li symmetric cell exhibits a small interfacial impedance of 8.49 Ω cm2 and a high apparent critical current density of 2.15 mA cm-2 and also can be cycled for 1000 h continuously without short-circuit. Such results indicate the good feasibility of as-proposed sintering strategy to prepare uniformly dense garnet type solid-state electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Qihou Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Value-added Metallurgy of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Value-added Metallurgy of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Huajun Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Value-added Metallurgy of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wenjie Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guangchao Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guochun Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Value-added Metallurgy of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jiexi Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Value-added Metallurgy of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kobi S, Sharma A, Mukhopadhyay A. Low Interfacial Resistance and Superior Suppression to Li-Dendrite Penetration Facilitated by Air-Stable and Mechanically Robust Al/Mg-Co-Doped Li-La-Zirconate as Electrolyte for Li-Based Solid-State Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39276-39290. [PMID: 37556163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In the context of usage as a solid electrolyte (SE) for Li-based solid-state cells, the interfacial characteristics of Li-La-zirconate (LLZO) with the electrodes and the mechanical properties of LLZO influence the overall impedance and stability. In this regard, the newly developed air-stable Al/Mg-co-doped LLZO has been found to possess greater resistance to crack propagation (by ∼31%) and fracture stress (by ∼52%), along with elevated hardness and stiffness, as compared to simply Al-doped LLZO. Furthermore, as directly visualized via cross-section electron microscopy at the Li/LLZO interfaces, the air-stability, along with mechanical robustness of Al/Mg-co-doped LLZO, facilitates the complete absence of impurity phase and cracks at the Li/LLZO interface, unlike for the simply Al-doped LLZO. These result in a very low area specific resistance for the Li/"Al/Mg-co-doped LLZO" interface of ∼9 Ω cm2, which is ∼3 times lower than that at the Li/"Al-doped LLZO" interface and is also among the lowest reported to date for Li/LLZO interfaces, that too sans any surface/interfacial coating/engineering. Galvanostatic Li-plating/stripping cycles indicate that the critical current density toward initiating Li-dendrite nucleation/propagation is higher in the case of Al/Mg-co-doped LLZO SE, viz., ∼0.45 mA/cm2, than for the Al-doped counterpart (viz., ∼0.25 mA/cm2). Furthermore, Li-stripping/plating cycles @ 0.1 mA/cm2 have revealed outstanding stability of polarization voltage up to at least 100 cycles upon using Al/Mg-codoped LLZO as the SE, in contrast to the instability right from the 36th cycle onward with the Al-doped LLZO. This indicates superior suppression toward Li-dendrite nucleation/propagation by the Al/Mg-codoped LLZO, unlike by Al-doped LLZO, as also directly visualized via cross-section electron microscopy post-cycling. The air-stability induced a clean Li/LLZO interface (viz., good contact), which, together with the mechanical robustness of Al/Mg-codoped LLZO, resulted in the very low interfacial resistance and excellent suppression toward Li-dendrite nucleation/propagation, leading to high CCD and very stable long-term Li-stripping/plating. Overall, in addition to highlighting the notable advantages offered by the Al/Mg-co-doped LLZO solid electrolyte, the insights obtained as part of this work are expected to lead to the successful and facile development of high-performance solid-state Li-based cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushobhan Kobi
- Advanced Batteries and Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Advanced Batteries and Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amartya Mukhopadhyay
- Advanced Batteries and Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen Q, Jiang D, Cao S, Lu X, Mao C, Dai X, Chen F. Ionic Conductivity and Cycling Performance in PEO Polymer Electrolyte Enhanced by Non-Milled In Situ Nano-LLZO Powders. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38759-38768. [PMID: 37527524 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
High Li+ conductivity, good interfacial compatibility, and nano-scale particle size have always been essential conditions for selecting inorganic fillers in high-performance composite solid electrolytes. In this study, non-milled in situ LLZO fillers with nanosize was synthesized via the sol-gel method by rapid heating sintering, which resulted in more surface defects and fewer impurities in LLZO. Compared with milled LLZO fillers, these non-milled LLZO fillers with more surface defects and fewer impurities can effectively reduce the crystallinity of PEO and agglomeration in PEO, which can form composite electrolytes with high Li+ conductivity. Most importantly, the discharge capacity of the 7.5% non-milled LLZO-PEO-based LiFePO4/Li battery is about 135.5 mA h g-1 at 1C and 60 °C. After 100 cycles, the discharge specific capacity remains at 99%. It is worth noting that nano-sized non-milled LLZO will improve the discharge capacity of LiFePO4/Li batteries to 122.1 mA h g-1 at 0.2C and 30 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China
- State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongyu Jiang
- State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiyu Cao
- State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinqi Lu
- State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chong Mao
- Zhuhai Smoothway Electronic Materials Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519110, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Dai
- Zhuhai Smoothway Electronic Materials Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519110, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China
- State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu FF, Tian HK. Dopant-induced modulation of lithium-ion conductivity in cubic garnet solid electrolytes: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37409653 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02336b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cubic garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (c-LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries, often doped with Ga, Al, and Fe to stabilize the structure and enhance Li-ion conductivity. Despite introducing the same amount of Li vacancies, these dopants with +3 classical charge yield different Li-ion conductivities by around an order of magnitude. In this study, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the impact of Ga, Fe, and Al dopants on Li chemical potential and Li-ion conductivity variations. We identified the energetically favorable dopant location in c-LLZO and determined the optimal U value of 7.5 eV for DFT+U calculations for dopant Fe in c-LLZO. Our calculations showed that Ga or Fe doping enhances the Li chemical potential by 0.05-0.08 eV, reducing Li-ion transfer barriers and increasing Li-ion conductivity, while Al doping lowers the Li chemical potential by 0.08 eV, reducing Li-ion conductivity. To determine the cause of Li chemical potential variations, we performed a combined analysis of the projected density of states, charge density, and Bader charge. The distinct charge distribution from dopant atoms to neighboring O atoms is critical for determining the Li-ion chemical potential. Ga and Fe dopants retain more electrons, which consequently makes the adjacent O atoms acquire a more positive charge that destabilizes Li ions by reducing the restraining force acting on them, thereby enhancing Li-ion conductivity. In contrast, Al doping transfers more electrons to neighboring O atoms, resulting in greater attraction forces to Li ions and reducing Li-ion conductivity. Additionally, Fe-doped LLZO exhibits extra states in the bandgap, potentially causing Fe reduction, as observed in experiments. Our findings provide valuable insights into the design of solid electrolytes and highlight the importance of the local charge distribution around the dopant and Li atoms in determining Li-ion conductivity. This insight could serve as a guiding principle for future materials design and optimization in solid-state electrolyte systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feye-Feng Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Kang Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khan K, Xin H, Fu B, Bilal Hanif M, Li P, Admasu Beshiwork B, Fang Z, Motola M, Xu Z, Wu M. Garnet/polymer solid electrolytes for high-performance solid-state lithium metal batteries: The role of amorphous Li2O2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:246-254. [PMID: 37018960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes have been widely investigated for lithium batteries since they provide a high degree of safety. However, their low ionic conductivity and substantial growth of lithium dendrites hamper their commercial applications. Garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) is one of the most promising active fillers to advance the performance of the solid polymer electrolyte. Nevertheless, their performance is still limited due to their large interfacial resistance. Herein, we embedded the amorphous Li2O2 (LO) into LLZTO particles via the quenching process and successfully achieved an interfacial layer of Li2O2 around LLZTO particles (LLZTO@LO). Amorphous Li2O2 acts as a binder and showed an excellent affinity for Li+ ions which promotes their fast transference. Moreover, the stable and dense interfacial Li2O2 layer enhances interfacial contact and suppresses the lithium dendrite growth during the long operation cycling process. The PEO/10LLZTO@2LO solid composite polymer electrolyte (SCPE) showed the highest ionic conductivity of 3.2 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 40 °C as compared to pristine LLZTO-based SCPE. Moreover, the Li│(PEO/10LLZTO@2LO) │Li symmetric cell showed a stable and smooth long lifespan up to 1100 h at 40 °C. Furthermore, the LiFePO4//Li full battery with PEO/10LLZTO@2LO SCPE demonstrated stable cycling performance for 400 cycles. These results constitute a significant step toward the practical application of solid-state lithium metal batteries (SS-LMBs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Khan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Hu Xin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Bowen Fu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hanif
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pengyu Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Bayu Admasu Beshiwork
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Zixuan Fang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Martin Motola
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ziqiang Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China; Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001, PR China
| | - Mengqiang Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China; Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang S, Zhao F, Chen J, Fu J, Luo J, Alahakoon SH, Chang LY, Feng R, Shakouri M, Liang J, Zhao Y, Li X, He L, Huang Y, Sham TK, Sun X. A family of oxychloride amorphous solid electrolytes for long-cycling all-solid-state lithium batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3780. [PMID: 37355635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid electrolyte is vital to ensure all-solid-state batteries with improved safety, long cyclability, and feasibility at different temperatures. Herein, we report a new family of amorphous solid electrolytes, xLi2O-MCly (M = Ta or Hf, 0.8 ≤ x ≤ 2, y = 5 or 4). xLi2O-MCly amorphous solid electrolytes can achieve desirable ionic conductivities up to 6.6 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C, which is one of the highest values among all the reported amorphous solid electrolytes and comparable to those of the popular crystalline ones. The mixed-anion structural models of xLi2O-MCly amorphous SEs are well established and correlated to the ionic conductivities. It is found that the oxygen-jointed anion networks with abundant terminal chlorines in xLi2O-MCly amorphous solid electrolytes play an important role for the fast Li-ion conduction. More importantly, all-solid-state batteries using the amorphous solid electrolytes show excellent electrochemical performance at both 25 °C and -10 °C. Long cycle life (more than 2400 times of charging and discharging) can be achieved for all-solid-state batteries using the xLi2O-TaCl5 amorphous solid electrolyte at 400 mA g-1, demonstrating vast application prospects of the oxychloride amorphous solid electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Feipeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jiatang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jiamin Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | | | - Lo-Yueh Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Renfei Feng
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Mohsen Shakouri
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Jianwen Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Le He
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Tsun-Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Biao J, Han B, Cao Y, Li Q, Zhong G, Ma J, Chen L, Yang K, Mi J, Deng Y, Liu M, Lv W, Kang F, He YB. Inhibiting Formation and Reduction of Li 2 CO 3 to LiC x at Grain Boundaries in Garnet Electrolytes to Prevent Li Penetration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208951. [PMID: 36639140 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Poor ion and high electron transport at the grain boundaries (GBs) of ceramic electrolytes are the primary reasons for lithium filament infiltration and short-circuiting of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASLMBs). Herein, it is discovered that Li2 CO3 at the GBs of Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO) sheets is reduced to highly electron-conductive LiCx during cycling, resulting in lithium penetration of LLZO. The ionic and electronic conductivity of the GBs within LLZO can be simultaneously tuned using sintered Li3 AlF6 . The generated LiAlO2 (LAO) infusion and F-doping at the GBs of LLZO (LAO-LLZOF) significantly reduce the Li2 CO3 content and broaden the energy bandgap of LLZO, which decreases the electronic conductivity of LAO-LLZOF. LAO forms a 3D continuous ion transport network at the GB that significantly improves the total ionic conductivity. Lithium penetration within LLZO is suppressed and an all-solid-state LiFePO4 /LAO-LLZOF/Li battery stably cycled for 5500 cycles at 3 C. This work reveals the chemistry of Li2 CO3 at the LLZO GBs during cycling, presents a novel lithium penetration mechanism within garnet electrolytes, and provides an innovative method to simultaneously regulate the ion and electron transport at the GBs in garnet electrodes for advanced ASLMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Biao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yidan Cao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qidong Li
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guiming Zhong
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-Electrochemistry and Lithium-Ion Batteries, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Ma
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Likun Chen
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinshuo Mi
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lv
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Bing He
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Enkhbayar E, Kim J. Study of Codoping Effects of Ta 5+ and Ga 3+ on Garnet Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47265-47273. [PMID: 36570224 PMCID: PMC9773338 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries because of its outstanding performance. However, LLZO exists in two polymorphic phases, tetragonal (∼10-3 mS cm-1) and cubic (1-10-1 mS cm-1), where the cubic phase exhibits higher Li-ion conductivity but is thermodynamically unstable at ambient room temperature. To stabilize the cubic phase with high ionic conductivity, we fabricated mono- and codoped garnet with Ta5+ and Ga3+ (Li7-3x-z=6.4Ga x La3Zr2-z Ta z O12) and investigated the doping effects. The doping effects on the crystal structure and ionic conductivity were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, scanning electron microscopy, alternative current (AC) impedance, and direct current (DC) polarization methods. The characterization results revealed that Ta-doping favors higher occupation of Li-ions on the mobile octahedral (LiO6) site and improves ionic conductivity of the grain boundary. However, it showed poor total ionic conductivity (2.044 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 1100 °C for 12 h) due to the low sinterability [relative density (RD): ∼80.3%]. On the other hand, Ga-doping provides better sinterability (RD: ∼93.1%) and bulk conductivity. Considering the beneficial effects of Ga- and Ta-doping, codoped Li6.4Ga0.133La3Zr1.8Ta0.2O12 garnet with enhanced ionic conductivity (6.141 × 10-4 S cm-1) and improved high-density microstructure (RD: ∼95.7%) was obtained.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cai D, Zhang S, Su M, Ma Z, Zhu J, Zhong Y, Luo X, Wang X, Xia X, Gu C, Tu J. Cellulose mesh supported ultrathin ceramic-based composite electrolyte for high-performance Li metal batteries. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Ghosh K, Wasim Raja M. Ga-Doped LLZO Solid-State Electrolyte with Unique "Plate-like" Morphology Derived from Water Hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes) Aquatic Weed: Waste to Wealth Conversion. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33385-33396. [PMID: 36157774 PMCID: PMC9494663 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An attempt has been made for the first time to convert waste biomass such as water hyacinth (WH) to a functional energy material in a cost-effective way. The present research describes a novel exo-templating methodology to develop engineered microstructure of Ga-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (Li6.25La3Ga0.25Zr2O12, referred as WH-Ga-LLZO) solid-state electrolyte for its use in all solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) by mimicking the intercellular structure of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), an invasive and noxious aquatic plant. The developed exo-templated methodology offers a low calcination temperature of 1000 °C in air where all the major peaks could be indexed as cubic garnet, as confirmed by XRD. The FESEM micrographs revealed a unique "plate-like" morphology that mimicked the intercellular structure of water hyacinth fiber. The bulk lithium-ion conductivity in the WH-Ga-LLZO electrolyte was found to be 3.94 × 10-5 S/cm. Li/WH-Ga-LLZO/Li cells were galvanostatically cycled for a continuous 295 h with increasing step current densities from 28 μA/cm2 without a short circuit. The highest current density as measured for maximum polarization in a symmetric cell was found to be 452 μA/cm2. The WH exo-templated methodology was thus developed and optimized and can be extended for synthesizing any application-specific multifunctional materials.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kunshina GB, Bocharova IV. Specific Features of the Formation of Cubic Al-Substituted Li7La3Zr2O12. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427222060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
24
|
Fu Z, Chen X, Zhang Q. Review on the lithium transport mechanism in solid‐state battery materials. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong‐Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim S, Kim JS, Miara L, Wang Y, Jung SK, Park SY, Song Z, Kim H, Badding M, Chang J, Roev V, Yoon G, Kim R, Kim JH, Yoon K, Im D, Kang K. High-energy and durable lithium metal batteries using garnet-type solid electrolytes with tailored lithium-metal compatibility. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1883. [PMID: 35388012 PMCID: PMC8986853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries using solid electrolytes are considered to be the next-generation lithium batteries due to their enhanced energy density and safety. However, interfacial instabilities between Li-metal and solid electrolytes limit their implementation in practical batteries. Herein, Li-metal batteries using tailored garnet-type Li7-xLa3-aZr2-bO12 (LLZO) solid electrolytes is reported, which shows remarkable stability and energy density, meeting the lifespan requirements of commercial applications. We demonstrate that the compatibility between LLZO and lithium metal is crucial for long-term stability, which is accomplished by bulk dopant regulating and dopant-specific interfacial treatment using protonation/etching. An all-solid-state with 5 mAh cm-2 cathode delivers a cumulative capacity of over 4000 mAh cm-2 at 3 mA cm-2, which to the best of our knowledge, is the highest cycling parameter reported for Li-metal batteries with LLZOs. These findings are expected to promote the development of solid-state Li-metal batteries by highlighting the efficacy of the coupled bulk and interface doping of solid electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Battery Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung-ro 130, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Sik Kim
- Battery Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung-ro 130, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lincoln Miara
- Advanced Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology-America, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc., Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Advanced Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology-America, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc., Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Sung-Kyun Jung
- Battery Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung-ro 130, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yong Park
- Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung-ro 130, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Song
- Sullivan Park Campus, Corning Incorporated, 21 Lynn Morse Rd, Painted Post, NY, 14870, USA
| | - Hyungsub Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejon, 34507, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Badding
- Sullivan Park Campus, Corning Incorporated, 21 Lynn Morse Rd, Painted Post, NY, 14870, USA
| | - JaeMyung Chang
- Sullivan Park Campus, Corning Incorporated, 21 Lynn Morse Rd, Painted Post, NY, 14870, USA
| | - Victor Roev
- Battery Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung-ro 130, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabin Yoon
- Battery Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung-ro 130, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryounghee Kim
- Battery Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung-ro 130, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Kim
- Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung-ro 130, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Im
- Battery Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung-ro 130, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li J, Zhang J, Zhai H, Tang X, Tan G. Rapid synthesis of garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte with superior electrochemical performance. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
27
|
Kim A, Kang JH, Song K, Kang B. Simultaneously Improved Cubic Phase Stability and Li-Ion Conductivity in Garnet-Type Solid Electrolytes Enabled by Controlling the Al Occupation Sites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12331-12339. [PMID: 35213140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we, for the first time, report on the simultaneous enhancement in cubic phase stability and Li-ion conductivity of garnet-type solid electrolytes (SEs) by adding excess Li/Al. The excess Al/Li creates very large grains of up to 170 μm via the segregation of Al at the grain boundaries and enables preferential Al occupation at 96h sites over 24d sites, a behavior contrary to previous observations. The resulting SE shows improved Li-ion conductivity due to the large grain size and less blocking Li pathway caused by different preferential Al occupation. Surprisingly, it is observed that the cubic phase of the garnet-type SE is transformed to the tetragonal phase on the surface and in the bulk under the applied voltage, and the preferential Al occupation enables its cubic phase stability. Under battery operating conditions, the LLZO SE with excess Li/Al can maintain high ionic conductivity due to the cubic phase stability and large grain size. We clearly demonstrate that the cubic phase stability and ionic conductivity of LLZO can be simultaneously improved by excess Li/Al without any post-treatments. The findings and understanding will provide new insights into practical use of the garnet-type SEs for advanced all solid-state batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kang
- Department of Materials Analysis, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Department of Materials Analysis, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungwoo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhong J, Zhang B, Pan F, Lin Z. Thiotetrelates Li 2ZnXS 4 (X = Si, Ge, and Sn) As Potential Li-Ion Solid-State Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9203-9211. [PMID: 35133149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel inorganic solid-state electrolyte (ISSE) with high ionic conductivity is a crucial part of all-solid-state lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries (ASSLBs). Herein, we first report on Li2ZnXS4 (LZXS, X = Si, Ge, and Sn) semiconductor-based ISSEs, crystallizing in the corner-sharing tetrahedron orthorhombic space group, to provide valuable insights into the structure, defect chemistry, phase stability, electrochemical stability, H2O/CO2 chemical stability, and Li-ion conduction mechanisms. A key feature for the Li-ion transport and low migration barrier is the interconnected and corner-shared [LiS4] units along the a-axis, which allows Li-ion transport via empty or occupied tetrahedron sites. A major finding is the first indication that Li-ion migration in Li2ZnSiS4 (LZSiS) has lower energy barriers (∼0.24 eV) compared to Li2ZnGeS4 (LZGS) and Li2ZnSnS4 (LZSnS), whether through vacancy migration or interstitial migration. However, LZGS and LZSnS exhibit greater H2O/CO2 stability compared to LZSiS. The novel framework of LZXS with relatively low Li-ion migration barriers and moderate electrochemical stability could benefit the ASSLB communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Zhong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bingkai Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen L, Zhang J, Tong RA, Zhang J, Wang H, Shao G, Wang CA. Excellent Li/Garnet Interface Wettability Achieved by Porous Hard Carbon Layer for Solid State Li Metal Battery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106142. [PMID: 34894083 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Garnet-type Li6.4 La3 Zr1.4 Ta0.6 O12 (LLZTO) electrolyte is considered as a promising solid electrolyte because of its relatively high ionic conductivity and excellent electrochemical stability. The surface contamination layer and poor Li/LLZTO interface contact cause large interfacial resistance and quick Li dendrite growth. In this paper, a porous hard carbon layer is introduced by the carbonization of a mixed layer of phenolic resin and polyvinyl butyral on the LLZTO surface to improve Li/garnet interfacial wettability. The multi-level pore structure of the hard carbon interlayer provides capillary force and large specific surface area, which, together with the chemical activity of the carbon material with Li, promote the molten Li infiltration with garnet electrolyte. The Li/LLZTO interface delivers a low interfacial resistance of 4.7 Ω∙cm2 at 40 °C and a higher critical current density, which can achieve stable Li+ conduction for over 800 h under current densities of 0.1 and 0.2 mA∙cm-2 . The solid-state battery coupled with Li and LiFePO4 exhibits excellent rate and cycling performance, demonstrating the application feasibility of the hard carbon interlayer for a solid state Li metal battery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Chen
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rong-Ao Tong
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Gang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Chang-An Wang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Song S, Hu N, Lu L. Solid electrolytes for solid-state Li/Na–metal batteries: inorganic, composite and polymeric materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12035-12045. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04862k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This feature article presents the electrolyte synthetic approaches, design strategies, and merging materials that may address the critical issues of solid electrolytes for solid-state Li/Na–metal batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Song
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Technological Innovation Method and Tool, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Tchnology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luo Y, Feng W, Meng Z, Wang Y, Jiang X, Xue Z. Interface modification in solid-state lithium batteries based on garnet-type electrolytes with high ionic conductivity. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
32
|
Stockham MP, Dong B, James MS, Li Y, Ding Y, Kendrick E, Slater PR. Evaluation of Ga 0.2Li 6.4Nd 3Zr 2O 12 garnets: exploiting dopant instability to create a mixed conductive interface to reduce interfacial resistance for all solid state batteries. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13786-13800. [PMID: 34517411 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The next major leap in energy storage is thought to arise from a practical implementation of all solid-state batteries, which remain largely confined to the small scale due to issues in manufacturing and mechanical stability. Lithium batteries are amongst the most sought after, for the high expected energy density and improved safety characteristics, however the challenge of finding a suitable solid-state electrolyte remains. Lithium rich garnets are prime contenders as electrolytes, owing to their high ionic conductivity (>0.1 mS cm-1), wide electrochemical window (0-6 V) and stability with Li metal. However, the high Young's modulus of these materials, poor wetting of Li metal and rapid formation of Li2CO3 passivating layers tends to give a detrimentally large resistance at the solid-solid interface, limiting their application in solid state batteries. Most studies have focused on La based systems, with very little work on other lanthanides. Here we report a study of the Nd based garnet Ga0.2Li6.4Nd3Zr2O12, illustrating substantial differences in the interfacial behaviour. This garnet shows very low interfacial resistance attributed to dopant exsolution which, when combined with moderate heating (175 °C, 1 h) with Li metal, we suggest forms Ga-Li eutectics, which significantly reduces the resistance at the Li/garnet interface to as low as 67 Ω cm2 (much lower than equivalent La based systems). The material also shows intrinsically high density (93%) and good conductivity (≥0.2 mS cm-1) via conventional furnaces in air. It is suggested these garnets are particularly well suited to provide a mixed conductive interface (in combination with other garnets) which could enable future solid-state batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Stockham
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - B Dong
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - M S James
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Y Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Y Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - E Kendrick
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - P R Slater
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kanai K, Ozawa S, Kozawa T, Naito M. Low temperature synthesis of Ga-doped Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 garnet-type solid electrolyte by mechanical method. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Lu G, Dong Z, Liu W, Jiang X, Yang Z, Liu Q, Yang X, Wu D, Li Z, Zhao Q, Hu X, Xu C, Pan F. Universal lithiophilic interfacial layers towards dendrite-free lithium anodes for solid-state lithium-metal batteries. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1746-1753. [PMID: 36654382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SSLMBs) using garnet Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) as the solid electrolyte are expected to conquer the safety concerns of high energy Li batteries with organic liquid electrolytes owing to its nonflammable nature and good mechanical strength. However, the poor interfacial contact between the Li anode and LLZTO greatly restrains the practical applications of the electrolyte, because large polarization, dendritic Li formation and penetration can occur at the interfaces. Here, an effective method is proposed to improve the wettability of the LLZTO toward lithium and reduce the interfacial resistance by engineering universal lithiophilic interfacial layers. Thanks to the in-situ formed lithiophilic and ionic conductive Co/Li2O interlayers, the symmetric Li/CoO-LLZTO/Li batteries present much smaller overpotential, ultra-low areal specific resistance (ASR, 12.3 Ω cm2), high critical current density (CCD, 1.1 mA cm-2), and outstanding cycling performance (1696 h at a current density of 0.3 mA cm-2) at 25 °C. Besides, the solid-state Li/CoO-LLZTO/LFP cells deliver an excellent electrochemical performance with a high coulombic efficiency of ~100% and a long cycling time over 185 times. Surprisingly, the high-voltage (4.6 V) solid state Li/CoO-LLZTO/Li1.4Mn0.6Ni0.2Co0.2O2.4 (LMNC622) batteries can also realize an ultra-high specific capacity (232.5 mAh g-1) under 0.1 C at 25 °C. This work paves an effective way for practical applications of the dendrite-free SSLMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Lu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhencai Dong
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zuguang Yang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiwen Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiukang Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zongyang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiannan Zhao
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chaohe Xu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Fusheng Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Goswami N, Indu M, Murugan R, Kant R. Experimental corroboration of theory for impedance response of solid electrolytes: Doped cubic garnet LLZO. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
36
|
Crystal Structure and Preparation of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Solid-State Electrolyte and Doping Impacts on the Conductivity: An Overview. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential part of solid-state lithium-ion batteries, solid electrolytes are receiving increasing interest. Among all solid electrolytes, garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has proven to be one of the most promising electrolytes because of its high ionic conductivity at room temperature, low activation energy, good chemical and electrochemical stability, and wide potential window. Since the first report of LLZO, extensive research has been done in both experimental investigations and theoretical simulations aiming to improve its performance and make LLZO a feasible solid electrolyte. These include developing different methods for the synthesis of LLZO, using different crucibles and different sintering temperatures to stabilize the crystal structure, and adopting different methods of cation doping to achieve more stable LLZO with a higher ionic conductivity and lower activation energy. It also includes intensive efforts made to reveal the mechanism of Li ion movement and understand its determination of the ionic conductivity of the material through molecular dynamic simulations. Nonetheless, more insightful study is expected in order to obtain LLZO with a higher ionic conductivity at room temperature and further improve chemical and electrochemical stability, while optimal multiple doping is thought to be a feasible and promising route. This review summarizes recent progress in the investigations of crystal structure and preparation of LLZO, and the impacts of doping on the lithium ionic conductivity of LLZO.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sacci RL, McAuliffe RD, Malkowski TF, Kidder N, Chen XC, Huq A, Kirkham M, Armstrong BL, Daemen LL, Veith GM. La 2Zr 2O 7 Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Al-Doped Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 Garnet. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10012-10021. [PMID: 34143616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we modified the reaction pathway to quickly (minutes) incorporate lithium and stabilize the ionic conducting garnet phase by decoupling the formation of a La-Zr-O network from the addition of lithium. To do this, we synthesized La2Zr2O7 (LZO) nanoparticles to which LiNO3 was added. This method is a departure from typical solid-state synthesis methods that require high-energy milling to promote mixing and intimate particle-particle contact and from sol-gel syntheses as a unique porous microstructure is obtained. We show that the reaction time is limited by the rate of nitrate decomposition and that this method produces a porous high-Li-ion-conducting cubic phase, within an hour, that may be used as a starting structure for a composite electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Sacci
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rebecca D McAuliffe
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Thomas F Malkowski
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nathan Kidder
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - X Chelsea Chen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ashfia Huq
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Melanie Kirkham
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Luke L Daemen
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Birkner N, Li C, Estes SL, Brinkman KS. Gallium-Doping Effects on Structure, Lithium-Conduction, and Thermochemical Stability of Li 7-3x Ga x La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Garnet-Type Electrolytes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2621-2630. [PMID: 33909321 PMCID: PMC8251930 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries is Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 . Previously, their thermodynamic stability, Li-ion conductivity, and structural features induced by Ga-doping have not been empirically determined or correlated. Here, their interplay was examined for Li7-3x Gax La3 Zr2 O12 with target xGa=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 atoms per formula unit (apfu). Formation enthalpies, obtained with calorimetry and found to be exothermic at all compositions, linearly decreased in stability with increased xGa. At dilute xGa substitution, the formation enthalpy curve shifted stepwise endothermically, and the conductivity increased to a maximum, coinciding with 0.529 Ga apfu. This correlated with percolation threshold analysis (0.558 Ga apfu). Further substitution (0.787 Ga apfu) produced a large decrease in the stability and conductivity due to a large increase in point defects and blocked Li-migration pathways. At xGa=1.140 apfu, a small exothermic shift was related to defect cluster organization extending the Li hopping distance and decreased Li-ion conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Birkner
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringClemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA
| | - Changlong Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringClemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA
| | - Shanna L. Estes
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth SciencesClemson UniversityAndersonSC 29625USA
| | - Kyle S. Brinkman
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringClemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun Y, Gorobstov O, Mu L, Weinstock D, Bouck R, Cha W, Bouklas N, Lin F, Singer A. X-ray Nanoimaging of Crystal Defects in Single Grains of Solid-State Electrolyte Li 7-3xAl xLa 3Zr 2O 12. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4570-4576. [PMID: 33914547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium batteries promise significant improvements in energy density and safety over traditional liquid electrolyte batteries. The Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolyte shows excellent potential given its high ionic conductivity and good thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability. Nevertheless, further improvements on electrochemical and mechanical properties of LLZO call for an in-depth understanding of its local microstructure. Here, we employ Bragg coherent diffractive imaging to investigate the atomic displacements inside single grains of LLZO with various Al-doping concentrations, resulting in cubic, tetragonal, and cubic-tetragonal mixed structures. We observe coexisting domains of different crystallographic orientations in the tetragonal structure. We further show that Al doping leads to crystal defects such as dislocations and phase boundaries in the mixed- and cubic-phase grain. This study addresses the effect of Al doping on the nanoscale structure within individual grains of LLZO, which is informative for the future development of solid-state batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Oleg Gorobstov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Linqin Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Daniel Weinstock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Ryan Bouck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Wonsuk Cha
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nikolaos Bouklas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wei R, Chen S, Gao T, Liu W. Challenges, fabrications and horizons of oxide solid electrolytes for solid‐state lithium batteries. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
| | - Tianyi Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Improving the Ionic Conductivity of the LLZO–LZO Thin Film through Indium Doping. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A solid-state electrolyte with an ionic conductivity comparable to that of a liquid electrolyte is demanded of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is considered to be a promising candidate due to its good thermal stability, high ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical window. However, the synthesis of a stable cubic-phase LLZO thin film with enhanced densification at a relatively low thermal treatment temperature is yet to be developed. Indium is predicted to be a possible dopant to stabilize the cubic-phase LLZO (c-LLZO). Herein, via a nanolayer stacking process, a LLZO–Li2CO3–In2O3 multilayer solid electrolyte precursor was obtained. After thermal annealing at different temperatures, the effects of indium doping on the formation of c-LLZO and the ionic conductivities of the prepared LLZO–LZO thin film were systematically investigated. The highest ionic conductivity of 9.6 × 10−6 S·cm–1 was obtained at an annealing temperature of 800 °C because the incorporation of indium promoted the formation of c-LLZO and the highly conductive LLZO–LZO interfaces. At the end, a model of LLZO–LZO interface-enhancing ionic conductivity was proposed. This work provides a new approach for the development of low-temperature LLZO-based, solid-state thin-film batteries.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ni L, Wu Z, Zhang C. Effect of Sintering Process on Ionic Conductivity of Li 7-xLa 3Zr 2-xNb xO 12 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) Solid Electrolytes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071671. [PMID: 33805333 PMCID: PMC8036760 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is considered as a promising solid electrolyte. Nb-doped LLZO ceramics exhibit significantly improved ion conductivity. However, how to prepare the Nb-doped LLZO ceramics in a simple and economical way, meanwhile to investigate the relationship between process conditions and properties in Li7-xLa3Zr2-xNbxO12 ceramics, is particularly important. In this study, Li7-xLa3Zr2-xNbxO12 (LLZNxO, x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. The effect of sintering process on the structure, microstructure, and ionic conductivity of LLZNxO (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) ceramics was investigated. Due to the more contractive Nb-O bonds in LLZNxO ceramics, the cubic structures are much easier to form and stabilize, which could induce the decreased preparation time. High-performance garnet LLZNxO ceramics can be obtained by optimizing the sintering process with lower calcining temperature and shorter holding time. The garnet samples with x = 0.4 calcined at 850 °C for 10 h and sintered at 1250 °C for 4 h exhibit the highest ionic conductivity of 3.86 × 10-4 S·cm-1 at room temperature and an activation energy of 0.32 eV, which can be correlated to the highest relative density of 96.1%, and good crystallinity of the grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ni
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-29-82337340
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang X, Zheng F, Wu S, Zhu Z. Identifying a Li-rich superionic conductor from charge-discharge structural evolution study: Li 2MnO 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4829-4834. [PMID: 33605951 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Li2MnO3 is a critical member of the Li-rich Mn-based layered material. To understand the process of electrochemical reaction in the monoclinic Li2MnO3, the structural evolution is investigated through the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. During the delithiation process, a phase transformation together with a new trigonal phase at x = 0.5 (LixMnO3) has been reported, which belongs to the space group P3[combining macron]1m. Lithium ions are embedded in Li0.5MnO3 until the trigonal Li2MnO3 phase is formed with the P3[combining macron]1m symmetry preserved. Phonon and molecular dynamics simulations verify that this trigonal Li2MnO3 is dynamically and thermodynamicaly stable. Furthermore, our calculated results reveal that it has high conductivity of 0.36 S cm-1 in the ab plane, which proves that this trigonal Li2MnO3 is a promising lithium superionic conductor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, OSED, Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tri-Doping of Sol-Gel Synthesized Garnet-Type Oxide Solid-State Electrolyte. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020134. [PMID: 33513768 PMCID: PMC7912065 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly growing Li-ion battery market has generated considerable demand for Li-ion batteries with improved performance and stability. All-solid-state Li-ion batteries offer promising safety and manufacturing enhancements. Herein, we examine the effect of substitutional doping at three cation sites in garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) oxide ceramics produced by a sol-gel synthesis technique with the aim of enhancing the properties of solid-state electrolytes for use in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Building on the results of mono-doping experiments with different doping elements and sites-Al, Ga, and Ge at the Li+ site; Rb at the La3+ site; and Ta and Nb at the Zr4+ site-we designed co-doped (Ga, Al, or Rb with Nb) and tri-doped (Ga or Al with Rb and Nb) samples by compositional optimization, and achieved a LLZO ceramic with a pure cubic phase, almost no secondary phase, uniform grain structure, and excellent Li-ion conductivity. The findings extend the current literature on the doping of LLZO ceramics and highlight the potential of the sol-gel method for the production of solid-state electrolytes.
Collapse
|
45
|
Walle KZ, Musuvadhi Babulal L, Wu SH, Chien WC, Jose R, Lue SJ, Chang JK, Yang CC. Electrochemical Characteristics of a Polymer/Garnet Trilayer Composite Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2507-2520. [PMID: 33406841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although solid-state Li-metal batteries (LMBs) featuring polymer-based solid electrolytes might one day replace conventional Li-ion batteries, the poor Li-ion conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes at low temperatures has hindered their practical applications. Herein, we describe the first example of using a co-precipitation method in a Taylor flow reactor to produce the metal hydroxides of both the Ga/F dual-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (Ga/F-LLZO) ceramic electrolyte precursors and the Li2MoO4-modified Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (LMO@T-LNCM 811) cathode materials for LMBs. The Li/Nafion (LiNf)-coated Ga/F-LLZO (LiNf@Ga/F-LLZO) ceramic filler was finely dispersed in the poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyacrylonitrile/lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide)/succinonitrile matrix to give a trilayer composite polymer electrolyte (denoted "Tri-CPE") through a simple solution-casting. The bulk ionic conductivity of the Tri-CPE at room temperature was approximately 4.50 × 10-4 S cm-1 and exhibited a high Li+ ion transference number (0.84). It also exhibits a broader electrochemical window of 1-5.04 V versus Li/Li+. A full cell based on a CR2032 coin cell containing the LMO@T-LNCM811-based composite cathode, when cycled under 1 C/1 C at room temperature for 300 cycles, achieved an average Columbic efficiency of 99.4% and a capacity retention of 89.8%. This novel fabrication strategy for Tri-CPE structures has potential applications in the preparation of highly safe high-voltage cathodes for solid-state LMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumlachew Zelalem Walle
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | - She Huang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Chen Chien
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rajan Jose
- Nanostructured Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Shingjiang Jessie Lue
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Kuei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Chen Yang
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tian Y, Zeng G, Rutt A, Shi T, Kim H, Wang J, Koettgen J, Sun Y, Ouyang B, Chen T, Lun Z, Rong Z, Persson K, Ceder G. Promises and Challenges of Next-Generation "Beyond Li-ion" Batteries for Electric Vehicles and Grid Decarbonization. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1623-1669. [PMID: 33356176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous improvement in performance and cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have made them the technology of choice for electrical energy storage. While established battery chemistries and cell architectures for Li-ion batteries achieve good power and energy density, LIBs are unlikely to meet all the performance, cost, and scaling targets required for energy storage, in particular, in large-scale applications such as electrified transportation and grids. The demand to further reduce cost and/or increase energy density, as well as the growing concern related to natural resource needs for Li-ion have accelerated the investigation of so-called "beyond Li-ion" technologies. In this review, we will discuss the recent achievements, challenges, and opportunities of four important "beyond Li-ion" technologies: Na-ion batteries, K-ion batteries, all-solid-state batteries, and multivalent batteries. The fundamental science behind the challenges, and potential solutions toward the goals of a low-cost and/or high-energy-density future, are discussed in detail for each technology. While it is unlikely that any given new technology will fully replace Li-ion in the near future, "beyond Li-ion" technologies should be thought of as opportunities for energy storage to grow into mid/large-scale applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaosen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guobo Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ann Rutt
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tan Shi
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haegyeom Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julius Koettgen
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yingzhi Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tina Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhengyan Lun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziqin Rong
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ladenstein L, Simic S, Kothleitner G, Rettenwander D, Wilkening HMR. Anomalies in Bulk Ion Transport in the Solid Solutions of Li 7La 3M 2O 12 (M = Hf, Sn) and Li 5La 3Ta 2O 12. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:16796-16805. [PMID: 32793327 PMCID: PMC7416620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12(LLZO), stabilized by supervalent cations, is one of the most promising oxide electrolyte to realize inherently safe all-solid-state batteries. It is of great interest to evaluate the strategy of supervalent stabilization in similar compounds and to describe its effect on ionic bulk conductivity σ'bulk. Here, we synthesized solid solutions of Li7-x La3M2-x Ta x O12 with M = Hf, Sn over the full compositional range (x = 0, 0.25...2). It turned out that Ta contents at x of 0.25 (M = Hf, LLHTO) and 0.5 (M = Sn, LLSTO) are necessary to yield phase pure cubic Li7-x La3M2-x Ta x O12. The maximum in total conductivity for LLHTO (2 × 10-4 S cm-1) is achieved for x = 1.0; the associated activation energy is 0.46 eV. At x = 0.5 and x = 1.0, we observe two conductivity anomalies that are qualitatively in agreement with the rule of Meyer and Neldel. For LLSTO, at x = 0.75 the conductivity σ'bulk turned out to be 7.94 × 10-5 S cm-1 (0.46 eV); the almost monotonic decrease of ion bulk conductivity from x = 0.75 to x = 2 in this series is in line with Meyer-Neldel's compensation behavior showing that a decrease in E a is accompanied by a decrease of the Arrhenius prefactor. Altogether, the system might serve as an attractive alternative to Al-stabilized (or Ga-stabilized) Li7La3Zr2O12 as LLHTO is also anticipated to be highly stable against Li metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ladenstein
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, and Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of
Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sanja Simic
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Graz Centre for Electron
Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Gerald Kothleitner
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Graz Centre for Electron
Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Daniel Rettenwander
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, and Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of
Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - H. Martin R. Wilkening
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, and Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Lithium Batteries, Graz University of
Technology (NAWI Graz), Graz 8010, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pesci FM, Bertei A, Brugge RH, Emge SP, Hekselman AKO, Marbella LE, Grey CP, Aguadero A. Establishing Ultralow Activation Energies for Lithium Transport in Garnet Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32806-32816. [PMID: 32573199 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Garnet-type structured lithium ion conducting ceramics represent a promising alternative to liquid-based electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. However, their performance is limited by their polycrystalline nature and inherent inhomogeneous current distribution due to different ion dynamics at grains, grain boundaries, and interfaces. In this study, we use a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, distribution of relaxation time analysis, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in order to understand the role that bulk, grain boundary, and interfacial processes play in the ionic transport and electrochemical performance of garnet-based cells. Variable temperature impedance analysis reveals the lowest activation energy for Li transport in the bulk of the garnet electrolyte (0.15 eV), consistent with pulsed field gradient NMR spectroscopy measurements (0.14 eV). We also show a decrease in grain boundary activation energy at temperatures below 0 °C, that is followed by the total conductivity, suggesting that the bottleneck to ionic transport resides in the grain boundaries. We reveal that the grain boundary activation energy is heavily affected by its composition that, in turn, is mainly affected by the segregation of dopants and Li. We suggest that by controlling the grain boundary composition, it would be possible to pave the way toward targeted engineering of garnet-type electrolytes and ameliorate their electrochemical performance in order to enable their use in commercial devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico M Pesci
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Antonio Bertei
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rowena H Brugge
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Steffen P Emge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - A K Ola Hekselman
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Lauren E Marbella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Ainara Aguadero
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guo S, Sun Y, Cao A. Garnet-type Solid-state Electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12: Crystal Structure, Element Doping and Interface Strategies for Solid-state Lithium Batteries. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
High‐Safety All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Battery Working at Ambient Temperature with In Situ UV‐Curing Polymer Electrolyte on the Electrode. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|