1
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Qin L, Liu W, Su J, Yang Z, Liang Z, Li X, Luan P, Wang DK, Lu ZH, Zhu Q. Influence of Volatile Organic Compound Adsorption on the Characteristics of Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Rules for Gas-Sensing Measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15756-15765. [PMID: 37883782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the advantages of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in the versatility of organic synthesis, multiparameter measurement, and signal amplification, sensors based on OFETs have received increasing attention for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, false device operation and gas-sensing measurements often occur to vitiate the advantages of OFETs and even output error gas-sensing signals. In this work, by experimentally and theoretically studying the effects of VOC adsorption on the operational characteristics of the OFET, the proper operations of OFETs in gas-sensing measurements were clarified. The multiparameter measurements of OFETs showed that the source-drain current was the optimized parameter for achieving high responsivity, and other OFET parameters could be used for fingerprint analysis. By operating OFETs in the near-threshold region, the amplification effect was switched to enhance the responsivity by orders of magnitude to VOCs, while in the overthreshold region, the OFETs had a low signal-to-noise ratio. Besides, a counteraction effect and an uncertainty effect were discovered, leading to error gas-sensing signals. A theoretical study was carried out to reveal the dependency of the gas-sensing properties of OFETs on VOC adsorption. A series of rules were proposed for guiding the measurements of OFET sensors by taking full advantage of transistors in gas-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Mengzi People's Hospital, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Mengzi 661100, China
| | - Jiale Su
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Zhenxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Pengyan Luan
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Deng-Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
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2
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Guo W, Guo C, Ma YN, Chen X. Practical Synthesis of B(9)-Halogenated Carboranes with N-Haloamides in Hexafluoroisopropanol. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5326-5334. [PMID: 35311288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The B(9)-H halogenation of o-carborane and m-carborane was achieved with excellent selectivities in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) under simple reaction conditions: single reagent [trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), tribromoisocyanuric acid (TBCA) or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS)], catalyst-free, air-/moisture-tolerant, and convenient work-up. With this method, a variety of 9-halogenated o-carboranes and m-carboranes were obtained in good to excellent yields with broad tolerance of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Chenyang Guo
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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3
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Rys EG, Alpatova VM, Kononova EG, Smol’yakov AF, Moiseev SK, Ol'shevskaya VA. Employment of Michael addition reactions for the functionalization of carboranes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triton B-catalyzed Michael reaction as a green chemistry process was used for the functionalization of carbon- and boron-substituted carboranes with α,β-unsaturated nitriles and esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G. Rys
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria M. Alpatova
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena G. Kononova
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander F. Smol’yakov
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny per. 36, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey K. Moiseev
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina A. Ol'shevskaya
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, bld. 1 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
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4
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Mills HA, Alsarhan F, Ong TC, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Icosahedral m-Carboranes Containing Exopolyhedral B-Se and B-Te Bonds. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19165-19174. [PMID: 34855370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogen-containing carboranes have been known for several decades and possess stable exopolyhedral B(9)-Se and B(9)-Te σ bonds despite the electron-donating ability of the B(9) vertex. While these molecules are known, little has been done to thoroughly evaluate their electrophilic and nucleophilic behavior. Herein, we report an assessment of the electrophilic reactivity of m-carboranylselenyl(II), -tellurenyl(II), and -tellurenyl(IV) chlorides and establish their reactivity pattern with Grignard reagents, alkenes, alkynes, enolates, and electron-rich arenes. These electrophilic reactions afford unique electron-rich B-Y-C (Y = Se, Te) bonding motifs not commonly found before. Furthermore, we show that m-carboranylselenolate, and even m-carboranyltellurolate, can be competent nucleophiles and participate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Arene substitution chemistry is shown to be further extended to electron-rich species via palladium-mediated cross-coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison A Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fadi Alsarhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ta-Chung Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Yang L, Jei BB, Scheremetjew A, Yuan B, Stückl AC, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative o-carborane chalcogenations without directing groups: cage activation by copper catalysis at room temperature. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12971-12976. [PMID: 34745527 PMCID: PMC8513870 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02905c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed electrochemical direct chalcogenations of o-carboranes was established at room temperature. Thereby, a series of cage C-sulfenylated and C-selenylated o-carboranes anchored with valuable functional groups was accessed with high levels of position- and chemo-selectivity control. The cupraelectrocatalysis provided efficient means to activate otherwise inert cage C-H bonds for the late-stage diversification of o-carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - A Claudia Stückl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Gottingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany
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6
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Hladík M, Fejfar A, Vázquez H. Doping of the hydrogen-passivated Si(100) electronic structure through carborane adsorption studied using density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20379-20387. [PMID: 34491256 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of molecular materials with tailored chemical properties represents a new and promising avenue to non-destructively dope silicon. Dithiocarboranes possess large permanent dipoles and readily form stable monolayers on a variety of substrates. Here we use density functional theory to investigate the doping of hydrogen-passivated Si(100) substrates through the adsorption of dithiocarborane molecules. We find that dithiocarboranes can both physisorb and chemisorb on the substrate. Chemisorbed structures arise when a S atom in the molecular linker group replaces a surface H atom. We establish the formation of these Si-molecule bonds and characterize their mechanical and thermal stability. Analysis of the calculated electronic structure of adsorbed interfaces shows that carborane adsorption does not result in interface gap states. The band gap in adsorbed junctions is defined by Si states and its magnitude is almost unchanged with respect to the clean Si slab. The large carborane electrostatic dipole results in the downwards shift of Si spectral features by 0.3 eV, reducing the hole injection barrier by this amount with respect to the pristine Si substrate. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal these structural and electronic features to be stable at room temperature. Our work shows that molecular adsorbates having large electrostatic dipoles are a promising strategy to non-destructively dope semiconductor substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hladík
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Fejfar
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Héctor Vázquez
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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7
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Yang L, Bongsuiru Jei B, Scheremetjew A, Kuniyil R, Ackermann L. Electrochemical B-H Nitrogenation: Access to Amino Acid and BODIPY-Labeled nido-Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1482-1487. [PMID: 32991021 PMCID: PMC7839532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalyzed oxidative B-H nitrogenations of nido-carborane (nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12- ) with N-heterocycles have been established, enabling the preparation of various N-substituted nido-carboranes without chemical oxidants or metal catalyst under ambient conditions. The electrolysis manifold occurred with high levels of efficiency as well as chemo- and position- selectivity, employing sustainable electricity as the sole oxidant. The strategy set the stage for a user-friendly access to novel amino acid and fluorogenic boron-dipyrrin (BODIPY)-labeled nido-carborane hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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8
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Marri I, Amato M, Bertocchi M, Ferretti A, Varsano D, Ossicini S. Surface chemistry effects on work function, ionization potential and electronic affinity of Si(100), Ge(100) surfaces and SiGe heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25593-25605. [PMID: 33164017 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We combine density functional theory and many body perturbation theory to investigate the electronic properties of Si(100) and Ge(100) surfaces terminated with halogen atoms (-I, -Br, -Cl, -F) and other chemical functionalizations (-H, -OH, -CH3) addressing the absolute values of their work function, electronic affinity and ionization potential. Our results point out that electronic properties of functionalized surfaces strongly depend on the chemisorbed species and much less on the surface crystal orientation. The presence of halogens at the surface always leads to an increment of the work function, ionization potential and electronic affinity with respect to fully hydrogenated surfaces. On the contrary, the presence of polar -OH and -CH3 groups at the surface leads to a reduction of the aforementioned quantities with respect to the H-terminated system. Starting from the work functions calculated for the Si and Ge passivated surfaces, we apply a simple model to estimate the properties of functionalized SiGe surfaces. The possibility of modulating the work function by changing the chemisorbed species and composition is predicted. The effects induced by different terminations on the band energy line-up profile of SiGe surfaces are then analyzed. Interestingly, our calculations predict a type-II band offset for the H-terminated systems and a type-I band offset for the other cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Marri
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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9
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Yang L, Bongsuiru Jei B, Scheremetjew A, Kuniyil R, Ackermann L. Elektrochemische B‐H‐Nitrogenierung: Zugang zu Aminosäure‐ und BODIPY‐markierten
nido
‐Carboranen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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10
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Liang YF, Yang L, Jei BB, Kuniyil R, Ackermann L. Regioselective B(3,4)-H arylation of o-carboranes by weak amide coordination at room temperature. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10764-10769. [PMID: 34094330 PMCID: PMC8162305 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed regioselective di- or mono-arylation of o-carboranes was achieved using weakly coordinating amides at room temperature. Therefore, a series of B(3,4)-diarylated and B(3)-monoarylated o-carboranes anchored with valuable functional groups were accessed for the first time. This strategy provided an efficient approach for the selective activation of B(3,4)-H bonds for regioselective functionalizations of o-carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany
| | - Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany
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11
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Stemer DM, Abendroth JM, Cheung KM, Ye M, El Hadri MS, Fullerton EE, Weiss PS. Differential Charging in Photoemission from Mercurated DNA Monolayers on Ferromagnetic Films. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1218-1225. [PMID: 31960675 PMCID: PMC7058983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spin-dependent and enantioselective electron-molecule scattering occurs in photoelectron transmission through chiral molecular films. This spin selectivity leads to electron spin filtering by molecular helices, with increasing magnitude concomitant with increasing numbers of helical turns. Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, we measured spin-selective surface charging accompanying photoemission from ferromagnetic substrates functionalized with monolayers of mercurated DNA hairpins that constitute only one helical turn. Mercury ions bind specifically at thymine-thymine mismatches within self-hybridized single-stranded DNA, enabling precise control over the number and position of Hg2+ along the helical axis. Differential charging of the organic layers, manifested as substrate-magnetization-dependent photoionization energies, was observed for DNA hairpins containing Hg2+; no differences were measured for hairpin monolayers in the absence of Hg2+. Inversion of the DNA helical secondary structure at increased metal loading led to complementary inversion in spin selectivity. We attribute these results to increased scattering probabilities from relativistic enhancement of spin-orbit interactions in mercurated DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M. Stemer
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John M. Abendroth
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kevin M. Cheung
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Matthew Ye
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mohammed S. El Hadri
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Eric E. Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Corresponding author: (PSW)
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12
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Cheung KM, Stemer DM, Zhao C, Young TD, Belling JN, Andrews AM, Weiss PS. Chemical Lift-Off Lithography of Metal and Semiconductor Surfaces. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 2:76-83. [PMID: 32405626 PMCID: PMC7220117 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical lift-off lithography (CLL) is a subtractive soft-lithographic technique that uses polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps to pattern self-assembled monolayers of functional molecules for applications ranging from biomolecule patterning to transistor fabrication. A hallmark of CLL is preferential cleavage of Au-Au bonds, as opposed to bonds connecting the molecular layer to the substrate, i.e., Au-S bonds. Herein, we show that CLL can be used more broadly as a technique to pattern a variety of substrates composed of coinage metals (Pt, Pd, Ag, Cu), transition and reactive metals (Ni, Ti, Al), and a semiconductor (Ge) using straightforward alkanethiolate self-assembly chemistry. We demonstrate high-fidelity patterning in terms of precise features over large areas on all surfaces investigated. We use patterned monolayers as chemical resists for wet etching to generate metal microstructures. Substrate atoms, along with alkanethiolates, were removed as a result of lift-off, as previously observed for Au. We demonstrate the formation of PDMS-stamp-supported bimetallic monolayers by performing CLL on two different metal surfaces using the same PDMS stamp. By expanding the scope of the surfaces compatible with CLL, we advance and generalize CLL as a method to pattern a wide range of substrates, as well as to produce supported metal monolayers, both with broad applications in surface and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dominik M. Stemer
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Thomas D. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason N. Belling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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13
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Lau J, Trojniak AE, Maraugha MJ, VanZanten AJ, Osterbaan AJ, Serino AC, Ohnsorg ML, Cheung KM, Ashby DS, Weiss PS, Dunn BS, Anderson ME. Conformal Ultrathin Film Metal-Organic Framework Analogues: Characterization of Growth, Porosity, and Electronic Transport. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:8977-8986. [PMID: 32536746 PMCID: PMC7291877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b03141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film formation and transport properties of two copper-paddlewheel metal-organic framework (MOF) -based systems (MOF-14 and MOF-399) are investigated for their potential integration into electrochemical device architectures. Thin-film analogs of these two systems are fabricated by the sequential, alternating, solution-phase deposition of the inorganic and organic ligand precursors that result in conformal films via van der Merwe-like growth. Atomic force microscopy reveals smooth film morphologies with surface roughnesses determined by the underlying substrates and linear film growth of 1.4 and 2.2 nm per layer for the MOF-14 and MOF-399 systems, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to evaluate the electronic transport properties of the thin films, finding that the MOF-14 analog films demonstrate low electronic conductivity, while MOF-399 analog films are electronically insulating. The intrinsic porosities of these ultrathin MOF analog films are confirmed by cyclic voltammetry redox probe characterization using ferrocene. Larger peak currents are observed for MOF-399 analog films compared to MOF-14 analog films, which is consistent with the larger pores of MOF-399. The layer-by-layer deposition of these systems provides a promising route to incorporate MOFs as thin films with nanoscale thickness control and low surface roughness for electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ashley E. Trojniak
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423, United States
| | - Macy J. Maraugha
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423, United States
| | - Alyssa J. VanZanten
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423, United States
| | | | - Andrew C. Serino
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Monica L. Ohnsorg
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423, United States
| | - Kevin M. Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David S. Ashby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bruce S. Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mary E. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
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14
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Dziedzic RM, Axtell JC, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Off-Cycle Processes in Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Carboranes. Org Process Res Dev 2019; 23:1638-1645. [PMID: 33776400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Off-cycle processes in catalytic reactions can dramatically influence the outcome of the chemical transformation and affect its yield, selectivity, rate, and product distribution. While the generation of off-cycle intermediates can complicate reaction coordinate analyses or hamper catalytic efficiency, the generation of such species may also open new routes to unique chemical products. Recently, we reported the Pd-mediated functionalization of carboranes with a range of O-, N-, and C-based nucleophiles. By utilizing a Pd-based catalytic system supported by a biaryl phosphine ligand developed by Buchwald and co-workers, we discovered an off-cycle isomerization process ("cage-walking") that generates four regioisomeric products from a single halogenated boron cluster isomer. Here we describe how several off-cycle processes affect the regioisomer yield and distribution during Pd-catalyzed tandem cage-walking/cross-coupling. In particular, tuning the transmetallation step in the catalytic cycle allowed us to incorporate the cage-walking process into Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of sterically unencumbered substrates, including cyanide. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using tandem cage-walking/cross-coupling as a unique low-temperature method for producing regioisomers of mono-substituted carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal M Dziedzic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan C Axtell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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15
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Abendroth JM, Stemer DM, Bloom BP, Roy P, Naaman R, Waldeck DH, Weiss PS, Mondal PC. Spin Selectivity in Photoinduced Charge-Transfer Mediated by Chiral Molecules. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4928-4946. [PMID: 31016968 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical control and readout of electron spin and spin currents in thin films and nanostructures have remained attractive yet challenging goals for emerging technologies designed for applications in information processing and storage. Recent advances in room-temperature spin polarization using nanometric chiral molecular assemblies suggest that chemically modified surfaces or interfaces can be used for optical spin conversion by exploiting photoinduced charge separation and injection from well-coupled organic chromophores or quantum dots. Using light to drive photoexcited charge-transfer processes mediated by molecules with central or helical chirality enables indirect measurements of spin polarization attributed to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect and of the efficiency of spin-dependent electron transfer relative to competitive relaxation pathways. Herein, we highlight recent approaches used to detect and to analyze spin selectivity in photoinduced charge transfer including spin-transfer torque for local magnetization, nanoscale charge separation and polarization, and soft ferromagnetic substrate magnetization- and chirality-dependent photoluminescence. Building on these methods through systematic investigation of molecular and environmental parameters that influence spin filtering should elucidate means to manipulate electron spins and photoexcited states for room-temperature optoelectronic and photospintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Abendroth
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Dominik M Stemer
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Brian P Bloom
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Chemistry , Central University of Rajasthan , Kishangarh 305817 Ajmer , India
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - David H Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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16
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Iyer A, Kearney K, Ertekin E. Computational Approaches to Photoelectrode Design through Molecular Functionalization for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1858-1871. [PMID: 30693653 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising carbon-free approach to produce hydrogen from water. A photoelectrochemical cell consists of a semiconductor photoelectrode in contact with an aqueous electrolyte. Its performance is sensitive to properties of the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface, which may be tuned through functionalization of the photoelectrode surface with organic molecules. This can lead to improvements in the photoelectrode's properties. This Minireview summarizes key computational investigations on using molecular functionalization to modify photoelectrode stability, barrier height, and catalytic activity. It is discussed how first-principles density functional theory, first-principles molecular dynamics, and device modeling simulations can provide predictive insights and complement experimental investigations of functionalized photoelectrodes. Challenges and future directions in the computational modeling of functionalized photoelectrode/electrolyte interfaces within the context of experimental studies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathi Iyer
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Kara Kearney
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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17
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Abendroth JM, Cheung KM, Stemer DM, El Hadri MS, Zhao C, Fullerton EE, Weiss PS. Spin-Dependent Ionization of Chiral Molecular Films. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3863-3874. [PMID: 30734553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spin selectivity in photo-emission from ferromagnetic substrates functionalized with chiral organic films was analyzed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy at room temperature. Using radiation with photon energy greater than the ionization potential of the adsorbed molecules, photoelectrons were collected that originated from both underlying ferromagnetic substrates and the organic films, with kinetic energies in the range of ca. 0-18 eV. We investigated chiral organic films composed of self-assembled monolayers of α-helical peptides and electrostatically adsorbed films of the protein, bovine serum albumin, with different α-helix and β-sheet contents. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectral widths were found to depend on substrate magnetization orientation and polarization, which we attribute to helicity-dependent molecular ionization cross sections arising from photoelectron impact, possibly resulting in spin-polarized holes. These interactions between spin-polarized photoelectrons and chiral molecules are physically manifested as differences in the measured photoionization energies of the chiral molecular films. Substrate magnetization-dependent ionization energies and work function values were deconvoluted using surface charge neutralization techniques, permitting the measurement of relative spin-dependent energy barriers to transmission through chiral organic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Abendroth
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Kevin M Cheung
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Dominik M Stemer
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Mohammed S El Hadri
- Center for Memory and Recording Research , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Eric E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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18
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Anderson KP, Mills HA, Mao C, Kirlikovali KO, Axtell JC, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Improved synthesis of icosahedral carboranes containing exopolyhedral B-C and C-C bonds. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:187-191. [PMID: 31303685 PMCID: PMC6625786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Carboranes are boron-rich molecular clusters possessing electronic characteristics that allow for orthogonal approaches to vertex-selective modifications. We report improved functionalization methods utilizing orthogonal chemistry to achieve efficient substitution at electron-rich B-vertices and electron-poor C-vertices of carborane. Functionalization of B-vertices with alkyl and (hetero)aryl groups using the corresponding Grignard reagents has been improved through the use of a Pd-based precatalyst featuring an electron-rich biaryl phosphine ligand, resulting in reduced reaction times. Importantly, this method is tolerant towards alkyl-based Grignard reagents containing β-hydrogens. Furthermore, a transition metal-free approach to the substitution of carborane C-vertices with (hetero)aryl substrates has been developed under nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) conditions. The selective substitution of carboranes afforded by these methods holds potential for the rational synthesis of heterofunctionalized boron clusters with substituents on both boron and carbon-based vertices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kierstyn P. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Harrison A. Mills
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chantel Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kent O. Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Axtell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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Dziedzic RM, Spokoyny AM. Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry with polyhedral boranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:430-442. [PMID: 30525176 PMCID: PMC6491218 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has emerged as a very powerful strategy to functionalize carbon-based molecules. More recently, some of the cross-coupling methodologies have been adapted to inorganic compounds including boron-rich clusters. The development of this chemistry relies on the ability to synthesize halogenated boron-rich clusters which can serve as electrophilic cross-coupling partners with nucleophilic substrates in the presence of a metal catalyst. While the cross-coupling chemistry with boron-clusters is conceptually reminiscent of that of its hydrocarbon counterparts, several key aspects including the spheroidal bulk of clusters and the distinct nature of boron-halogen/boron-heteroatom bonds make this chemistry unique. The utility of metal-catalyzed cross-coupling can be extended to several classes of polyhedral boranes including neutral and anionic carboranes, metallaboranes, and carbon-free boranes. Importantly, cross-coupling enables a suite of boron-heteroatom (C, N, O, P, S) couplings to prepare boron cluster-based systems that can be used for ligand design, medicinal chemistry, and materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal M Dziedzic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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20
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Sett S, Sengupta S, Ganesh N, Narayan KS, Raychaudhuri AK. Self-powered single semiconductor nanowire photodetector. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:445202. [PMID: 30106005 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aada2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered photodetectors have been fabricated from a single germanium nanowire (NW) in the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) device configuration. The self-powered devices show a high photoresponse (responsivity ∼ 103-105 A W-1) in the wavelength range 300-1100 nm. It has been established from I-V characteristics that asymmetry exists in the Schottky barrier height (SBH) at the two MS contacts. We have used simulation to establish that the asymmetric SBH at the metal contacts in an MSM device is a major cause for the 'built-in' axial field that leads to separation of a light generated electron-hole pair in the absence of an applied bias. Thus, even in the absence of external bias, the photogenerated carriers can be separated, which then diffuse to the appropriate electrodes driven by the 'built-in' axial field. We also point out the physical origins that can lead to unequal barrier heights in seemingly identical NW/metal junctions in a MSM device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Sett
- Department of Condensed Matter and Material Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata 7000106, India
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21
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Goronzy DP, Ebrahimi M, Rosei F, Fang Y, De Feyter S, Tait SL, Wang C, Beton PH, Wee ATS, Weiss PS, Perepichka DF. Supramolecular Assemblies on Surfaces: Nanopatterning, Functionality, and Reactivity. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7445-7481. [PMID: 30010321 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how molecules interact to form large-scale hierarchical structures on surfaces holds promise for building designer nanoscale constructs with defined chemical and physical properties. Here, we describe early advances in this field and highlight upcoming opportunities and challenges. Both direct intermolecular interactions and those that are mediated by coordinated metal centers or substrates are discussed. These interactions can be additive, but they can also interfere with each other, leading to new assemblies in which electrical potentials vary at distances much larger than those of typical chemical interactions. Earlier spectroscopic and surface measurements have provided partial information on such interfacial effects. In the interim, scanning probe microscopies have assumed defining roles in the field of molecular organization on surfaces, delivering deeper understanding of interactions, structures, and local potentials. Self-assembly is a key strategy to form extended structures on surfaces, advancing nanolithography into the chemical dimension and providing simultaneous control at multiple scales. In parallel, the emergence of graphene and the resulting impetus to explore 2D materials have broadened the field, as surface-confined reactions of molecular building blocks provide access to such materials as 2D polymers and graphene nanoribbons. In this Review, we describe recent advances and point out promising directions that will lead to even greater and more robust capabilities to exploit designer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Goronzy
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- INRS Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications , 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- INRS Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications , 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
- Institute for Fundamental and Frontier Science , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , Leuven 3001 , Belgium
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Chen Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics & Astronomy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal H3A 0B8 , Canada
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22
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Direct carborane-peptide conjugates: Synthesis and evaluation as non-natural lipopeptide mimetics. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 213:62-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Lyu H, Quan Y, Xie Z. Rhodium catalyzed cascade cyclization featuring B-H and C-H activation: one-step construction of carborane-fused N-polyheterocycles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6390-6394. [PMID: 30310567 PMCID: PMC6115682 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01568f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot strategy for efficient and facile synthesis of C,B-substituted carborane-fused N-polyheterocycles is reported. A rhodium catalyzed cascade cyclization of carboranyl N-arylimines with vinyl ketones enables the effective construction of three new B-C and C-C bonds in one reaction. Both carboranyl B-H and aryl C-H bonds are sequentially activated, leading to a series of previously unavailable C,B-substituted carborane-fused cyclopenta[b]quinoline derivatives, for potential applications in pharmaceuticals and materials, in a step-economical manner. The successful isolation and structural identification of a key intermediate provide solid evidence for the reaction mechanism, involving a tandem sequence of regioselective B-H activation, alkene insertion, nucleophilic cyclization, C-H activation, nucleophilic cyclization, dehydration and oxidative aromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Lyu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , N.T. , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Yangjian Quan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , N.T. , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , N.T. , Hong Kong , China . ;
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24
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Naito H, Uemura K, Morisaki Y, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Enhancement of Luminescence Efficiencies by Thermal Rearrangement fromortho- tometa-Carborane in Bis-Carborane-Substituted Acenes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Naito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kyoya Uemura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
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25
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Thomas JC, Goronzy DP, Serino AC, Auluck HS, Irving OR, Jimenez-Izal E, Deirmenjian JM, Macháček J, Sautet P, Alexandrova AN, Baše T, Weiss PS. Acid-Base Control of Valency within Carboranedithiol Self-Assembled Monolayers: Molecules Do the Can-Can. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2211-2221. [PMID: 29393628 PMCID: PMC6350814 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b09011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We use simple acid-base chemistry to control the valency in self-assembled monolayers of two different carboranedithiol isomers on Au{111}. Monolayer formation proceeds via Au-S bonding, where manipulation of pH prior to or during deposition enables the assembly of dithiolate species, monothiol/monothiolate species, or combination. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images identify two distinct binding modes in each unmodified monolayer, where simultaneous spectroscopic imaging confirms different dipole offsets for each binding mode. Density functional theory calculations and STM image simulations yield detailed understanding of molecular chemisorption modes and their relation with the STM images, including inverted contrast with respect to the geometric differences found for one isomer. Deposition conditions are modified with controlled equivalents of either acid or base, where the coordination of the molecules in the monolayers is controlled by protonating or deprotonating the second thiol/thiolate on each molecule. This control can be exercised during deposition to change the valency of the molecules in the monolayers, a process that we affectionately refer to as the "can-can." This control enables us to vary the density of molecule-substrate bonds by a factor of 2 without changing the molecular density of the monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Dominic P. Goronzy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Andrew C. Serino
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Harsharn S. Auluck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Olivia R. Irving
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Elisa Jimenez-Izal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Kimika fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jacqueline M. Deirmenjian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jan Macháček
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 250 68 Husinec-Řež, č.p. 1001, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tomáš Baše
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 250 68 Husinec-Řež, č.p. 1001, Czech Republic
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Cook AR, Valášek M, Funston AM, Poliakov P, Michl J, Miller JR. p-Carborane Conjugation in Radical Anions of Cage–Cage and Cage–Phenyl Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:798-810. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Cook
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, ASCR, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Alison M. Funston
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Pavel Poliakov
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, ASCR, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - John R. Miller
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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