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Wang Q, Li M, Guo P, Gao L, Weng L, Huang W. Magnetostrictive bi-perceptive flexible sensor for tracking bend and position of human and robot hand. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20781. [PMID: 39242674 PMCID: PMC11379869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The sensor that simultaneously perceives bending strain and magnetic field has the potential to detect the finger bending state and hand position of the human and robot. Based on unique magneto-mechanical coupling effect of magnetostrictive materials, the proposed a bi-perceptive flexible sensor, consisting of the Co-Fe film and magnetic sensing plane coils, can realize dual information perception of strain/magnetic field through the change of magnetization state. The sensor structure and interface circuit of the sensing system are designed to provide high sensitivity and fast response, based on the input-output characteristics of the simulation model. An asynchronous multi-task deep learning method is proposed, which takes the output of the position task as the partial input of the bending state task to analyze the output information of the sensor quickly and accurately. The sensing system, integrating with the proposed model, can better predict the bending state and approach distance of human or robot hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, 300130, China
- The Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, 300130, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Pingping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, 300130, China
- The Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Liang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, 300130, China
- The Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Ling Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, 300130, China
- The Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Wenmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, 300130, China
- The Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
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2
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Liu C, Yue L, Fu Y, Wan Z, Wang L, Wei Y, Li S. High-Performance Flexible Sensor with Sensitive Strain/Magnetic Dual-Mode Sensing Characteristics Based on Sodium Alginate and Carboxymethyl Cellulose. Gels 2024; 10:555. [PMID: 39330157 PMCID: PMC11431694 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible sensors can measure various stimuli owing to their exceptional flexibility, stretchability, and electrical properties. However, the integration of multiple stimuli into a single sensor for measurement is challenging. To address this issue, the sensor developed in this study utilizes the natural biopolymers sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose to construct a dual interpenetrating network, This results in a flexible porous sponge that exhibits a dual-modal response to strain and magnetic stimulation. The dual-mode flexible sensor achieved a maximum tensile strength of 429 kPa and elongation at break of 24.7%. It also exhibited rapid response times and reliable stability under both strain and magnetic stimuli. The porous foam sensor is intended for use as a wearable electronic device for monitoring joint movements of the body. It provides a swift and stable sensing response to mechanical stimuli arising from joint activities, such as stretching, compression, and bending. Furthermore, the sensor generates opposing response signals to strain and magnetic stimulation, enabling real-time decoupling of different stimuli. This study employed a simple and environmentally friendly manufacturing method for the dual-modal flexible sensor. Because of its remarkable performance, it has significant potential for application in smart wearable electronics and artificial electroskins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Longwang Yue
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenshuai Wan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yangke Wei
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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3
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Wang Q, Li M, Guo P, Gao L, Weng L, Huang W. Shape-position perceptive fusion electronic skin with autonomous learning for gesture interaction. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:103. [PMID: 39045231 PMCID: PMC11263581 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices, such as data gloves and electronic skins, can perceive human instructions, behaviors and even emotions by tracking a hand's motion, with the help of knowledge learning. The shape or position single-mode sensor in such devices often lacks comprehensive information to perceive interactive gestures. Meanwhile, the limited computing power of wearable applications restricts the multimode fusion of different sensing data and the deployment of deep learning networks. We propose a perceptive fusion electronic skin (PFES) with a bioinspired hierarchical structure that utilizes the magnetization state of a magnetostrictive alloy film to be sensitive to external strain or magnetic field. Installed at the joints of a hand, the PFES realizes perception of curvature (joint shape) and magnetism (joint position) information by mapping corresponding signals to the two-directional continuous distribution such that the two edges represent the contributions of curvature radius and magnetic field, respectively. By autonomously selecting knowledge closer to the user's hand movement characteristics, the reinforced knowledge distillation method is developed to learn and compress a teacher model for rapid deployment on wearable devices. The PFES integrating the autonomous learning algorithm can fuse curvature-magnetism dual information, ultimately achieving human machine interaction with gesture recognition and haptic feedback for cross-space perception and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Pingping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Liang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Ling Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Wenmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
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Hong W, Guo X, Zhang T, Mu S, Wu F, Yan Z, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang A, Wang J, Cao Y, Li J, Dong H, Liu T, Liu Z, Zhao Y. Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Nickel Microparticles/Carbon Black Microspheres/Polydimethylsiloxane Conductive Composites for Human Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32702-32712. [PMID: 38870327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a dual-functional flexible sensor (DFFS) using a magnetic conductive polymer composed of nickel (Ni), carbon black (CB), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The material selection for the DFFS utilizes the excellent elasticity of the PDMS matrix and the synergistic interaction between Ni and CB. The DFFS has a wide strain range of 0-170%, a high sensitivity of 74.13 (140-170%), and a low detection limit of 0.3% strain. The DFFS based on superior performance can accurately detect microstrain/microvibration, oncoming/contacting objects, and bicycle riding speed. Additionally, the DFFS can be used for comprehensive monitoring of human movements. Therefore, the DFFS of this work shows significant value for implementation in intelligent wearable devices and noncontact intelligent control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Shaowen Mu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Zihao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Huishan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Xianghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Hongyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
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Qiao J, Song Q, Zhang X, Zhao S, Liu J, Nyström G, Zeng Z. Enhancing Interface Connectivity for Multifunctional Magnetic Carbon Aerogels: An In Situ Growth Strategy of Metal-Organic Frameworks on Cellulose Nanofibrils. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400403. [PMID: 38483033 PMCID: PMC11109645 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Improving interface connectivity of magnetic nanoparticles in carbon aerogels is crucial, yet challenging for assembling lightweight, elastic, high-performance, and multifunctional carbon architectures. Here, an in situ growth strategy to achieve high dispersion of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-anchored cellulose nanofibrils to enhance the interface connection quality is proposed. Followed by a facile freeze-casting and carbonization treatment, sustainable biomimetic porous carbon aerogels with highly dispersed and closely connected MOF-derived magnetic nano-capsules are fabricated. Thanks to the tight interface bonding of nano-capsule microstructure, these aerogels showcase remarkable mechanical robustness and flexibility, tunable electrical conductivity and magnetization intensity, and excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Achieving a reflection loss of -70.8 dB and a broadened effective absorption bandwidth of 6.0 GHz at a filling fraction of merely 2.2 wt.%, leading to a specific reflection loss of -1450 dB mm-1, surpassing all carbon-based aerogel absorbers so far reported. Meanwhile, the aerogel manifests high magnetic sensing sensibility and excellent thermal insulation. This work provides an extendable in situ growth strategy for synthesizing MOF-modified cellulose nanofibril structures, thereby promoting the development of high-value-added multifunctional magnetic carbon aerogels for applications in electromagnetic compatibility and protection, thermal management, diversified sensing, Internet of Things devices, and aerospace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061P. R. China
- School of Mechanical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Song
- School of Mechanical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061P. R. China
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and ComponentsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)Dübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Jiurong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061P. R. China
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood MaterialsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)Dübendorf8600Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZürichZürich8092Switzerland
| | - Zhihui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061P. R. China
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Zhu WB, Wang YY, Fan T, Zhu Y, Tang ZH, Huang P, Li YQ, Fu SY. Comprehensive Investigation of the Temperature-Dependent Electromechanical Behaviors of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8170-8179. [PMID: 38581390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The performances of flexible piezoresistive sensors based on polymer nanocomposites are significantly affected by the environmental temperature; therefore, comprehensively investigating the temperature-dependent electromechanical response behaviors of conductive polymer nanocomposites is crucial for developing high-precision flexible piezoresistive sensors in a wide-temperature range. Herein, carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites widely used for flexible piezoresistive sensors were prepared, and then the temperature-dependent electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties of the optimized CNT/PDMS composite in the temperature range from -150 to 150 °C were systematically investigated. At a low temperature of -150 °C, the CNT/PDMS composite becomes brittle with a compressive modulus of ∼1.2 MPa and loses its elasticity and reversible sensing capability. At a high temperature (above 90 °C), the CNT/PDMS composite softens, shows a fluid-like mechanical property, and loses its reversible sensing capability. In the temperature range from -60 to 90 °C, the CNT/PDMS composite exhibits good elasticity and reversible sensing behaviors and its modulus, resistivity, and sensing sensitivity decrease with an increasing temperature. At room temperature (30 °C), the CNT/PDMS composite exhibits better mechanical and piezoresistive stability than those at low and high temperatures. Given that environmental temperature changes have significant effects on the sensing performances of conductive polymer composites, the effect of ambient temperature changes must be considered when flexible piezoresistive sensors are designed and fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Zhu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Yong Wang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei 442002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Fan
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Tang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Huang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yun Fu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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Fu Y, Wang S, Wang D, Tian Y, Ban X, Wang X, Zhao Z, Wan Z, Wei R. Flexible Multimodal Magnetoresistive Sensors Based on Alginate/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Foam with Stimulus Discriminability for Soft Electronics Using Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38598680 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Flexible foam-based sensors have attracted substantial interest due to their high specific surface area, light weight, superior deformability, and ease of manufacture. However, it is still a challenge to integrate multimodal stimuli-responsiveness, high sensitivity, reliable stability, and good biocompatibility into a single foam sensor. To achieve this, a magnetoresistive foam sensor was fabricated by an in situ freezing-polymerization strategy based on the interpenetrating networks of sodium alginate, poly(vinyl alcohol) in conjunction with glycerol, and physical reinforcement of core-shell bidisperse magnetic particles. The assembled sensor exhibited preferable magnetic/strain-sensing capability (GF ≈ 0.41 T-1 for magnetic field, 4.305 for tension, -0.735 for bending, and -1.345 for pressing), quick response time, and reliable durability up to 6000 cycles under external stimuli. Importantly, a machine learning algorithm was developed to identify the encryption information, enabling high recognition accuracies of 99.22% and 99.34%. Moreover, they could be employed as health systems to detect human physiological motion and integrated as smart sensor arrays to perceive external pressure/magnetic field distributions. This work provides a simple and ecofriendly strategy to fabricate biocompatible foam-based multimodal sensors with potential applications in next-generation soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuangkun Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Ban
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenshuai Wan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ronghan Wei
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Fu Y, Zhao S, Zhang B, Tian Y, Wang D, Ban X, Ma Y, Jiang L, Wan Z, Wei Z. Multifunctional cross-sensitive magnetic alginate-chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanofiber sensor for human-machine interaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130482. [PMID: 38431006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Flexible nanofiber membranes are compelling materials for the development of functional multi-mode sensors; however, their essential features such as high cross-sensitivity, reliable stability and signal discrimination capability have rarely been realized simultaneously in one sensor. Here, a novel multi-mode sensor with a nanofiber membrane structure based on multiple interpenetrating networks of bidisperse magnetic particles, sodium alginate (SA), chitosan (CHI) in conjunction with polyethylene oxide hydrogels was prepared in a controllable electrospinning technology. Specifically, the morphology distributions of nanofibers could be regulated by the crosslinking degree of the interpenetrating networks and the spinning process parameters. The incorporation of SA and CHI endowed the sensor with desirable flexibility, ideal biocompatibility and skin-friendly property. Besides, the assembled sensors not only displayed preferable magnetic sensitivity of 0.34 T-1 and reliable stability, but also exhibited favorable cross-sensitivity, quick response time, and long-term durability for over 5000 cycles under various mechanical stimuli. Importantly, the multi-mode stimuli could be discriminated via producing opposite electrical signals. Furthermore, based on the signal distinguishability of the sensor, a wearable Morse code translation system assisted by the machine learning algorithm was demonstrated, enabling a high recognizing accuracy (>99.1 %) for input letters and numbers information. Due to the excellent multifunctional sensing characteristics, we believe that the sensor will have a high potential in wearable soft electronics and human-machine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Shijie Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Boqiang Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xinxing Ban
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yuelong Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zhenshuai Wan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zunghang Wei
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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Fu Y, Wang S, Wan Z, Tian Y, Wang D, Ma Y, Yang L, Wei Z. Functional magnetic alginate/gelatin sponge-based flexible sensor with multi-mode response and discrimination detection properties for human motion monitoring. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121520. [PMID: 37985056 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The functional flexible sensors that can simultaneously detect multiple external excitations have exhibited great potential in the human-machine interaction and wearable electronics. However, it is still a primary challenge to develop a multi-mode sensor that can achieve sensitivity equilibrium towards different stimuli, and effectively recognize external stimulus while in a facile and cost-effective material and methodology. This study presented a functional flexible sensor based on natural polymer sodium alginate and gelatin sponge electrode which could detect both external mechanical and magnetic stimuli with superiorities of outstanding sensing capability and stability. With the optimal multilayered structure, it possessed high magnetic responsive sensitivity of 0.45 T-1, excellent stability and recoverability. Its electrical property variations also displayed high sensitivity and durability under cyclic stretching, bending and compressing stimuli for 1000 cycles. More importantly, the sensor could not only respond to magnetic field and compression stimuli with contrary electrical responses, but also recognize the respective input signals to decouple different stimuli in real time. Furthermore, it was developed as electronic skins and smart sensor arrays for human physiological signals and mechanical-magnetic detection. Based on excellent multifunctional response characteristics, the sensor showed significant potential in next-generation intelligent multifunctional electronic system and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Shuangkun Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zhenshuai Wan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yuelong Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Liuhua Yang
- School of Civil and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Zunghang Wei
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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10
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Guo X, Hong W, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Liu L, Li H, Wang Z, Wang D, Mai Z, Zhang T, Yang J, Zhang F, Xia Y, Hong Q, Xu Y, Yan F, Wang M, Xing G. Bioinspired Dual-Mode Stretchable Strain Sensor Based on Magnetic Nanocomposites for Strain/Magnetic Discrimination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205316. [PMID: 36394201 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, flexible stretchable sensors have been gaining attention for their excellent adaptability for electronic skin applications. However, the preparation of stretchable strain sensors that achieve dual-mode sensing while still retaining ultra-low detection limit of strain, high sensitivity, and low cost is a pressing task. Herein, a high-performance dual-mode stretchable strain sensor (DMSSS) based on biomimetic scorpion foot slit microstructures and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/graphene (GR)/silicone rubber (SR)/Fe3 O4 nanocomposites is proposed, which can accurately sense strain and magnetic stimuli. The DMSSS exhibits a large strain detection range (≈160%), sensitivity up to 100.56 (130-160%), an ultra-low detection limit of strain (0.16% strain), and superior durability (9000 cycles of stretch/release). The sensor can accurately recognize sign language movement, as well as realize object proximity information perception and whole process information monitoring. Furthermore, human joint movements and micro-expressions can be monitored in real-time. Therefore, the DMSSS of this work opens up promising prospects for applications in sign language pose recognition, non-contact sensing, human-computer interaction, and electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Target Recognition and Feature Extraction, Lu'an, 237010, China
| | - Weiqiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hubei JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan, Hubei, 420000, China
| | - Zhihong Mai
- Hubei JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan, Hubei, 420000, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jinyang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fengzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Bengbu Zhengyuan Electronics Technology Co., Ltd, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Qi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yaohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guozhong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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11
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Fu Y, Zhao S, Wan Z, Tian Y, Wang S. Investigation into a Lightweight Polymeric Porous Sponge with High Magnetic Field and Strain Sensitivity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2762. [PMID: 36014627 PMCID: PMC9415109 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, flexible sensors have gained significant attention due to their potential applications in soft robotics and biomimetic intelligent devices. However, the successful production of favorable flexible sensors integrated with high flexibility, sensitivity and excellent environment adaptability toward multiple external stimuli is still an enormous challenge. Herein, a lightweight polymeric porous sponge capable of detecting an external magnetic field and strain excitations is proposed by assembling a sodium alginate/chitosan (SA/CHI) porous sponge with micron carbonyl iron and nanoscale Fe3O4 magnetic particles (MPs). Based on the double network structure, the SA/CHI sponge possesses preferable mechanical strength and hydrophilicity, demonstrating its high flexibility and deformability. More importantly, the electrical response of the SA/CHI sponge sensors can display remarkable variation under external magnetic and mechanical stimuli due to their superior magnetic characteristics and electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, their sensing properties can maintain relatively stable recoverability and repeatability towards the periodic excitations and releases. Additionally, a potential mechanism is provided to investigate their stimuli-sensitive behavior. It is highly dependent on the microstructure variations in MPs and conductive multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) networks. Due to its exceptional magnetic controllability and appropriate electrical sensitivity, the proposed sensor shows high potential in wearable multi-sensing electronics and intelligent transport devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenshuai Wan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuangkun Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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12
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Lu G, Yuan H, Zhou J, Chen F, Li C, Xue T, Shu X, Zhao Y, Nie J, Zhu X. Patterned Magnetofluids via Magnetic Printing and Photopolymerization for Multifunctional Flexible Electronic Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30332-30342. [PMID: 35730674 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid conductor-based flexible sensors with high mechanical deformability and reliable electrical reversibility have aroused great interest in electronic skin, soft robotics, environmental monitoring, and other fields. Herein, we develop a novel strategy to fabricate liquid conductor-based flexible sensors by combining ionic liquid-based magnetofluids (IL-MFs), magnetic printing, and photopolymerization techniques. The as-prepared sensors exhibit excellent electromechanical properties, such as a wide detection range, low hysteresis, fast response time, good durability, etc. Moreover, the gauge factors (GFs) of the sensor could be easily adjusted by changing the modulators with different line widths or patterns, and the strain sensors can also be designed for anisotropic monitoring. Apart from serving as strain sensors, the magnetofluid-based flexible sensors can be used to detect external pressure, human activities, and changes in temperature, illumination, and magnetic field as well. This work provides a facile strategy to fabricate liquid conductor-based multifunctional sensors. Such a magnetofluid-based sensor has a great promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hengda Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiulei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Tanlong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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13
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Thermoresponsive, magnetic, adhesive and conductive nanocomposite hydrogels for wireless and non-contact flexible sensors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Li WD, Ke K, Jia J, Pu JH, Zhao X, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Bai L, Zhang K, Yang MB, Yang W. Recent Advances in Multiresponsive Flexible Sensors towards E-skin: A Delicate Design for Versatile Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103734. [PMID: 34825473 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiresponsive flexile sensors with strain, temperature, humidity, and other sensing abilities serving as real electronic skin (e-skin) have manifested great application potential in flexible electronics, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Although numerous flexible sensors with sole sensing function have already been reported since the concept of e-skin, that mimics the sensing features of human skin, was proposed about a decade ago, the ones with more sensing capacities as new emergences are urgently demanded. However, highly integrated and highly sensitive flexible sensors with multiresponsive functions are becoming a big thrust for the detection of human body motions, physiological signals (e.g., skin temperature, blood pressure, electrocardiograms (ECG), electromyograms (EMG), sweat, etc.) and environmental stimuli (e.g., light, magnetic field, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), which are vital to real-time and all-round human health monitoring and management. Herein, this review summarizes the design, manufacturing, and application of multiresponsive flexible sensors and presents the future challenges of fabricating these sensors for the next-generation e-skin and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Di Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jin Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jun-Hong Pu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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15
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Ilami M, Bagheri H, Ahmed R, Skowronek EO, Marvi H. Materials, Actuators, and Sensors for Soft Bioinspired Robots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003139. [PMID: 33346386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems can perform complex tasks with high compliance levels. This makes them a great source of inspiration for soft robotics. Indeed, the union of these fields has brought about bioinspired soft robotics, with hundreds of publications on novel research each year. This review aims to survey fundamental advances in bioinspired soft actuators and sensors with a focus on the progress between 2017 and 2020, providing a primer for the materials used in their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ilami
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hosain Bagheri
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Reza Ahmed
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - E Olga Skowronek
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hamid Marvi
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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16
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Lee SW, Baek S, Park SW, Koo M, Kim EH, Lee S, Jin W, Kang H, Park C, Kim G, Shin H, Shim W, Yang S, Ahn JH, Park C. 3D motion tracking display enabled by magneto-interactive electroluminescence. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6072. [PMID: 33247086 PMCID: PMC7695719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a human-interactive display enabling the simultaneous sensing, visualisation, and memorisation of a magnetic field remains a challenge. Here we report a skin-patchable magneto-interactive electroluminescent display, which is capable of sensing, visualising, and storing magnetic field information, thereby enabling 3D motion tracking. A magnetic field-dependent conductive gate is employed in an alternating current electroluminescent display, which is used to produce non-volatile and rewritable magnetic field-dependent display. By constructing mechanically flexible arrays of magneto-interactive displays, a spin-patchable and pixelated platform is realised. The magnetic field varying along the z-axis enables the 3D motion tracking (monitoring and memorisation) on 2D pixelated display. This 3D motion tracking display is successfully used as a non-destructive surgery-path guiding, wherein a pathway for a surgical robotic arm with a magnetic probe is visualised and recorded on a display patched on the abdominal skin of a rat, thereby helping the robotic arm to find an optimal pathway. Designing human-interactive displays enabling the simultaneous sensing, visualization, and memorization of a magnetic field remains a challenge. Here, the authors present a skin-patchable magneto-interactive electroluminescent display by employing a magnetic field-dependent conductive gate, thereby enabling 3D motion tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Soyeon Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Min Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Eui Hyuk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Seokyeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Wookyeong Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Hansol Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Gwangmook Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Heechang Shin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Wooyoung Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea.
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17
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Liu S, Wang S, Xuan S, Zhang S, Fan X, Jiang H, Song P, Gong X. Highly Flexible Multilayered e-Skins for Thermal-Magnetic-Mechanical Triple Sensors and Intelligent Grippers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15675-15685. [PMID: 32134626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a novel triple-functional electronic skin (e-skin) which shows both wonderful thermal-magnetic-mechanical sensing performance and interesting magnetic actuation behavior. The flexible e-skin comprises thermo-sensitive, magnetic, and conductive tri-components, and their sensitive characteristics under 5-70 °C, 0-1200 mT, and 0.1-5.1 MΩ are studied, respectively. Owing to the unique piezoresistive characteristic and magnetorheological effect, the e-skin exhibits a rapid response time (38 ms) to the external stimuli. The assembled e-skin with the triple-layer structure can act as a functional sensor to monitor various human motions, magnetic fields, and environmental temperatures. Based on this e-skin, an intelligent magneto-active gripper is further developed, and it can be used to grasp and transport targets by the actuated force of magnetic field under various working conditions. Importantly, the multi-functional sensing capability endows the gripper with real-time deformation and ambient temperature perception characteristics. As a result, because of the ideal multi-field coupling sensing and magnetic active features, this e-skin shows a wide prospect in wearable electronics, man-machine interactions, and intelligent transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Shouhu Xuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Xiwen Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Han Jiang
- Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, PR China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
| | - Xinglong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
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18
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Huang P, Tan D, Li QM, Li YQ, Fu YQ, Hu N, Fu SY. Dual-Mode Carbon Aerogel/Iron Rubber Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8674-8680. [PMID: 31986011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the integration of easy production, simple structure, high sensitivity, and multifunctionality is the developing tendency for flexible sensors. Herein we report a facile manufacture of a highly flexible, sensitive, and multifunctional dual-mode sensor with an ultrasimple structure by directly attaching magnetic iron rubber (IR) onto the surface of carbon aerogel (CA) derived from melamine foam. The dual-mode CA/IR sensor exhibits high sensitivities of 5.6 kPa-1 and 1.6·10-3 Oe-1, respectively, toward pressure and magnetic field in a wide frequency ranging from 0.1 to 10 Hz, which are higher than those of the existing flexible pressure/magnetism sensors. The multifunctionality of the dual-mode CA/IR sensor is demonstrated by monitoring blood pulse, human breath, balloon volume, and thoracic volume via pressure and magnetism sensing or their combination. Due to its simple structure and high sensitivities, the dual-mode sensor is employed as the building block to create a direction-recognizable sensor for identifying the directions of pressure and magnetic field for the awareness of surrounding barriers that are of practical importance in sophisticated situations such as autonomous artificial intelligence, autodriving and robotics, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Di Tan
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Qin-Mei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organic Materials Testing Technology & Quality Evaluation , Beijing Centre for Physical & Chemical Analysis , Beijing 100089 , China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Ya-Qin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Ning Hu
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
- Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System and International R&D Center of Micro-Nano Systems and New Materials Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300401 , China
| | - Shao-Yun Fu
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
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19
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Zhang S, Li S, Xia Z, Cai K. A review of electronic skin: soft electronics and sensors for human health. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:852-862. [PMID: 31942905 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02531f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews several categories of electronic skins (e-skins) for monitoring signals involved in human health. It covers advanced candidate materials, compositions, structures, and integrate strategies of e-skin, focusing on stretchable and wearable electronics. In addition, this article further discusses the potential applications and expected development of e-skins. It is possible to provide a new generation of sensors which are able to introduce artificial intelligence to the clinic and daily healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shunbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education and Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, School of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zengzilu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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20
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Xu D, Wang Q, Feng D, Liu P. Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional Poly(ethylene- co-octene)/Carbon Nanotube Foams Based on Tunable Conductive Network. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Pengju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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21
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Dai K, Zheng G, Zhang B, Liu C, Shen C. High-Performance Wearable Strain Sensor Based on Graphene/Cotton Fabric with High Durability and Low Detection Limit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1474-1485. [PMID: 31825588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles featuring a controllable strain sensing capability and comfortable wearability have attracted huge interests with the rapid development of wearable strain sensor systems. It is still a great challenge to simultaneously achieve a strain sensor with low cost, biocompatibility, large-area compatibility, and excellent sensing performances. Here, two kinds of cotton fabric-based strain sensors (CFSSs) with different conductive network structures are prepared, i.e., CFSS-90° and CFSS-45° (90° and 45° represent the angles between intertwined direction in cotton yarns and the stretching direction in tension). After multiple dipping processes, graphene nanosheets are deposited onto cotton fabrics, and then, the fabrics are encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Morphology analyses reveal that an interpenetrating structure is generated between cotton fabric and PDMS. The strength and elongation at break of CFSS-45° are about 4.5 MPa and 75% strain, which are higher than the counterparts of CFSS-90° (1.75 MPa and 30% strain, respectively). In a uniaxial stretching test, the two strain sensors exhibit excellent linear current-voltage behavior and fast response time (∼90 ms). During the cyclic stretching-releasing test, CFSSs present remarkable reproducibility, durability (10 000 cycles at 30% strain for CFSS-45°), and a sensing capability for detecting very low strain (∼0.4% strain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application (Zhengzhou University) , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Yilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application (Zhengzhou University) , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application (Zhengzhou University) , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Kun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application (Zhengzhou University) , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application (Zhengzhou University) , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application (Zhengzhou University) , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Changyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology; Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application (Zhengzhou University) , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
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Yang J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Xu Y, Zheng Z, Chen X, Liu W. Versatile Aerogels for Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902826. [PMID: 31475442 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels are unique solid-state materials composed of interconnected 3D solid networks and a large number of air-filled pores. They extend the structural characteristics as well as physicochemical properties of nanoscale building blocks to macroscale, and integrate typical characteristics of aerogels, such as high porosity, large surface area, and low density, with specific properties of the various constituents. These features endow aerogels with high sensitivity, high selectivity, and fast response and recovery for sensing materials in sensors such as gas sensors, biosensors and strain and pressure sensors, among others. Considerable research efforts in recent years have been devoted to the development of aerogel-based sensors and encouraging accomplishments have been achieved. Herein, groundbreaking advances in the preparation, classification, and physicochemical properties of aerogels and their sensing applications are presented. Moreover, the current challenges and some perspectives for the development of high-performance aerogel-based sensors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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