1
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Wiegerinck HT, Demirel ÖH, Zwijnenberg HJ, van der Meer T, Rijnaarts T, Wood JA, Benes NE. Controlled Localized Metal-Organic Framework Synthesis on Anion Exchange Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31703-31708. [PMID: 38858131 PMCID: PMC11194767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) films can be used in various applications. In this work, we propose a method that can be used to synthesize MOF films localized on a single side of an anion exchange membrane, preventing the transport of the metal precursor via Donnan exclusion. This is advantageous compared to the related contra-diffusion method that results in the growth of a MOF film on both sides of the support, differing in quality on both sides. Our proposed method has the advantage that the synthesis conditions can potentially be tuned to create the optimal conditions for crystal growth on a single side. The localized growth of the MOF is governed by Donnan exclusion of the anion exchange membrane, preventing metal ions from passing to the other compartment, and this leads to a local control of the precursor stoichiometry. In this work, we show that our method can localize the growth of both Cu-BTC and ZIF-8 in water and in methanol, respectively, highlighting that this method can used for preparing a variety of MOF films with varying characteristics using soluble precursors at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harmen J. Zwijnenberg
- Membrane Science and Technology Cluster,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Meer
- Membrane Science and Technology Cluster,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Timon Rijnaarts
- Membrane Science and Technology Cluster,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffery A. Wood
- Membrane Science and Technology Cluster,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nieck E. Benes
- Membrane Science and Technology Cluster,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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2
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Lyu Y, Zheng J, Wang S. Photoelectrochemical Lithium Extraction from Waste Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301526. [PMID: 38538545 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The amount of global hybrid-electric and all electric vehicle has increased dramatically in just five years and reached an all-time high of over 10 million units in 2022. A good deal of waste lithium (Li)-containing batteries from dead vehicles are invaluable unconventional resources with high usage of Li. However, the recycle of Li by green approaches is extremely inefficient and rare from waste batteries, giving rise to severe environmental pollutions and huge squandering of resources. Thus, in this mini review, we briefly summarized a green and promising route-photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology for extracting the Li from the waste lithium-containing batteries. This review first focuses on the critical factors of PEC performance, including light harvesting, charge-carrier dynamics, and surface chemical reactions. Subsequently, the conventional and PEC technologies applying in the area of Li recovery processes are analyzed and discussed in depth, and the potential challenges and future perspective for rational and healthy development of PEC Li extraction are provided positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Lyu
- School of Physical and Chemistry, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianyun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
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3
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Kim N, Oh W, Knust KN, Zazyki Galetto F, Su X. Molecularly Selective Polymer Interfaces for Electrochemical Separations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16685-16700. [PMID: 37955994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular design of polymer interfaces has been key for advancing electrochemical separation processes. Precise control of molecular interactions at electrochemical interfaces has enabled the removal or recovery of charged species with enhanced selectivity, capacity, and stability. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent developments in polymer interfaces applied to liquid-phase electrochemical separations, with a focus on their role as electrosorbents as well as membranes in electrodialysis systems. In particular, we delve into both the single-site and macromolecular design of redox polymers and their use in heterogeneous electrochemical separation platforms. We highlight the significance of incorporating both redox-active and non-redox-active moieties to tune binding toward ever more challenging separations, including structurally similar species and even isomers. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the development of selective ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis and the critical need to control the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Finally, we share perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in electrochemical separations, ranging from the need for a comprehensive understanding of binding mechanisms to the continued innovation of electrochemical architectures for polymer electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wangsuk Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyle N Knust
- Department of Chemistry, Millikin University, 1184 W. Main Street, Decatur, Illinois 62522, United States
| | - Fábio Zazyki Galetto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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4
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Ma H, Xia Y, Wang Z, Xu T, Simon GP, Wang H. Dual-Channel-Ion Conductor Membrane for Low-Energy Lithium Extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17246-17255. [PMID: 37918342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly lithium extraction techniques is essential to meet the growing global demand for lithium-ion batteries. In this work, a dual-channel ion conductor membrane was designed for a concentration-driven lithium-selective ion diffusion process. The membrane was based on a porous lithium-ion conductor, and its pores were modified with an anion-exchange polymer. Thus, the sintered lithium-ion conductors provided highly selective cation transport channels, and the functionalized nanopores with positive charges enabled the complementary permeation of anions to balance the transmembrane charges. As a result, the dual-channel membrane realized an ultrahigh Li+/Na+ selectivity of ∼1389 with a competitive Li+ flux of 21.6 mmol·m-2·h-1 in a diffusion process of the LiCl/NaCl binary solution, which was capable of further maintaining the high selectivity over 7 days of testing. Therefore, this work demonstrates the great potential of the dual-channel membrane design for high-performing lithium extraction from aqueous resources with low energy consumption and minimal environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhouyou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - George P Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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5
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Tekinalp Ö, Zimmermann P, Holdcroft S, Burheim OS, Deng L. Cation Exchange Membranes and Process Optimizations in Electrodialysis for Selective Metal Separation: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:566. [PMID: 37367770 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The selective separation of metal species from various sources is highly desirable in applications such as hydrometallurgy, water treatment, and energy production but also challenging. Monovalent cation exchange membranes (CEMs) show a great potential to selectively separate one metal ion over others of the same or different valences from various effluents in electrodialysis. Selectivity among metal cations is influenced by both the inherent properties of membranes and the design and operating conditions of the electrodialysis process. The research progress and recent advances in membrane development and the implication of the electrodialysis systems on counter-ion selectivity are extensively reviewed in this work, focusing on both structure-property relationships of CEM materials and influences of process conditions and mass transport characteristics of target ions. Key membrane properties, such as charge density, water uptake, and polymer morphology, and strategies for enhancing ion selectivity are discussed. The implications of the boundary layer at the membrane surface are elucidated, where differences in the mass transport of ions at interfaces can be exploited to manipulate the transport ratio of competing counter-ions. Based on the progress, possible future R&D directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Önder Tekinalp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pauline Zimmermann
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Odne Stokke Burheim
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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6
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Ahmad M, Ahmed M. Characterization and applications of ion-exchange membranes and selective ion transport through them: a review. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-023-01882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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7
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Chinello D, Myrstad A, de Smet L, Miedema H. Modelling the required membrane selectivity for NO3⁻ recovery from effluent also containing Cl⁻, while saving water. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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8
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Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 membrane electrodialysis for lithium enrichment. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Ding D, Yaroshchuk A, Bruening ML. Electrodialysis through nafion membranes coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers yields >99% pure monovalent ions at high recoveries. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Ghasemi M, Larson RG. Future Directions in Physiochemical Modeling of the Thermodynamics of Polyelectrolyte Coacervates (
PECs
). AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ghasemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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11
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Zimmermann P, Solberg SBB, Tekinalp Ö, Lamb JJ, Wilhelmsen Ø, Deng L, Burheim OS. Heat to Hydrogen by RED-Reviewing Membranes and Salts for the RED Heat Engine Concept. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:48. [PMID: 35054575 PMCID: PMC8779139 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Reverse electrodialysis heat engine (REDHE) combines a reverse electrodialysis stack for power generation with a thermal regeneration unit to restore the concentration difference of the salt solutions. Current approaches for converting low-temperature waste heat to electricity with REDHE have not yielded conversion efficiencies and profits that would allow for the industrialization of the technology. This review explores the concept of Heat-to-Hydrogen with REDHEs and maps crucial developments toward industrialization. We discuss current advances in membrane development that are vital for the breakthrough of the RED Heat Engine. In addition, the choice of salt is a crucial factor that has not received enough attention in the field. Based on ion properties relevant for both the transport through IEMs and the feasibility for regeneration, we pinpoint the most promising salts for use in REDHE, which we find to be KNO3, LiNO3, LiBr and LiCl. To further validate these results and compare the system performance with different salts, there is a demand for a comprehensive thermodynamic model of the REDHE that considers all its units. Guided by such a model, experimental studies can be designed to utilize the most favorable process conditions (e.g., salt solutions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Zimmermann
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.Z.); (S.B.B.S.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Simon Birger Byremo Solberg
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.Z.); (S.B.B.S.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Önder Tekinalp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Ö.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Jacob Joseph Lamb
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.Z.); (S.B.B.S.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Øivind Wilhelmsen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Ö.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Odne Stokke Burheim
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.Z.); (S.B.B.S.); (J.J.L.)
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12
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Zhao T, Yang R, Yang Z. Swelling Effects on the Conductivity of Graphene/PSS/PAH Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3280. [PMID: 34947629 PMCID: PMC8708682 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene/poly-(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate)(PSS)/poly-(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) composite is a frequently adopted system for fabricating polyelectrolyte multilayer films. Swelling is the bottleneck limiting its applications, and its effects on the conductivity is still controversial. Herein, we report successful swelling of a graphene/PSS/PAH composite in a vapor atmosphere, and the relation with the mass fraction of water is uncovered. The composite was prepared via a layer-by-layer assembly technique and systematically characterized. The results indicated that the average thickness for each bilayer was about 0.95 nm. The hardness and modulus were 2.5 ± 0.2 and 68 ± 5 GPa, respectively, and both were independent of thickness. The sheet resistance decreased slightly with the prolongation of immersion time, but was distinct from that of the water mass fraction. It reduced from 2.44 × 105 to 2.34 × 105 ohm/sq, and the change accelerated as the water mass fraction rose, especially when it was larger than 5%. This could be attributing to the lubrication effect of the water molecules, which sped up the migration of charged groups in the polyelectrolytes. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that a microphase separation occurred when the fraction reached an extreme value owing to the dominated interaction between PSS and PAH. These results provide support for the structural stability of this composite material and its applications in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (T.Z.); (R.Y.)
- National Research Center of Pumps, Jiangsu University, ZhenJiang 212013, China
| | - Ruyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (T.Z.); (R.Y.)
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (T.Z.); (R.Y.)
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13
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Durmaz EN, Sahin S, Virga E, de Beer S, de Smet LCPM, de Vos WM. Polyelectrolytes as Building Blocks for Next-Generation Membranes with Advanced Functionalities. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:4347-4374. [PMID: 34541543 PMCID: PMC8438666 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The global society is in a transition, where dealing with climate change and water scarcity are important challenges. More efficient separations of chemical species are essential to reduce energy consumption and to provide more reliable access to clean water. Here, membranes with advanced functionalities that go beyond standard separation properties can play a key role. This includes relevant functionalities, such as stimuli-responsiveness, fouling control, stability, specific selectivity, sustainability, and antimicrobial activity. Polyelectrolytes and their complexes are an especially promising system to provide advanced membrane functionalities. Here, we have reviewed recent work where advanced membrane properties stem directly from the material properties provided by polyelectrolytes. This work highlights the versatility of polyelectrolyte-based membrane modifications, where polyelectrolytes are not only applied as single layers, including brushes, but also as more complex polyelectrolyte multilayers on both porous membrane supports and dense membranes. Moreover, free-standing membranes can also be produced completely from aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions allowing much more sustainable approaches to membrane fabrication. The Review demonstrates the promise that polyelectrolytes and their complexes hold for next-generation membranes with advanced properties, while it also provides a clear outlook on the future of this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Durmaz
- Membrane
Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Sevil Sahin
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ettore Virga
- Membrane
Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
- Wetsus, European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water
Technology, Oostergoweg
9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Sustainable
Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C. P. M. de Smet
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe M. de Vos
- Membrane
Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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14
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Percival SJ, Russo S, Priest C, Hill RC, Ohlhausen JA, Small LJ, Rempe SB, Spoerke ED. Bio-inspired incorporation of phenylalanine enhances ionic selectivity in layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte films. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6315-6325. [PMID: 33982047 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The addition of a common amino acid, phenylalanine, to a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposited polyelectrolyte (PE) film on a nanoporous membrane can increase its ionic selectivity over a PE film without the added amino acid. The addition of phenylalanine is inspired by detailed knowledge of the structure of the channelrhodopsins family of protein ion channels, where phenylalanine plays an instrumental role in facilitating sodium ion transport. The normally deposited and crosslinked PE films increase the cationic selectivity of a support membrane in a controllable manner where higher selectivity is achieved with thicker PE coatings, which in turn also increases the ionic resistance of the membrane. The increased ionic selectivity is desired while the increased resistance is not. We show that through incorporation of phenylalanine during the LbL deposition process, in solutions of NaCl with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 mM, the ionic selectivity can be increased independently of the membrane resistance. Specifically, the addition is shown to increase the cationic transference of the PE films from 81.4% to 86.4%, an increase on par with PE films that are nearly triple the thickness while exhibiting much lower resistance compared to the thicker coatings, where the phenylalanine incorporated PE films display an area specific resistance of 1.81 Ω cm2 in 100 mM NaCl while much thicker PE membranes show a higher resistance of 2.75 Ω cm2 in the same 100 mM NaCl solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Percival
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Sara Russo
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Chad Priest
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Ryan C Hill
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - James A Ohlhausen
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Leo J Small
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Susan B Rempe
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Erik D Spoerke
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
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15
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Zhang S, Xia F, Demoustier-Champagne S, Jonas AM. Layer-by-layer assembly in nanochannels: assembly mechanism and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7471-7497. [PMID: 33870383 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a versatile technology to construct multifunctional nanomaterials using various supporting substrates, enabled by the large selection freedom of building materials and diversity of possible driving forces. The fine regulation over the film thickness and structure provides an elegant way to tune the physical/chemical properties by mild assembly conditions (e.g. pH, ion strength). In this review, we focus on LbL in nanochannels, which exhibit a different growth mechanism compared to "open", convex substrates. The assembly mechanism in nanochannels is discussed in detail, followed by the summary of applications of LbL assemblies liberated from nanochannel templates which can be used as nanoreactors, drug carriers and transporting channels across cell membranes. For fluidic applications, robust membrane substrates are required to keep in place nanotube arrays for membrane-based separation, purification, biosensing and energy harvesting, which are also discussed. The good compatibility of LbL with crossover technologies from other fields allows researchers to further extend this technology to a broader range of research fields, which is expected to result in an increased number of applications of LbL technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwei Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Sophie Demoustier-Champagne
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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16
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17
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Ahmad M, Yaroshchuk A, Bruening ML. Moderate pH changes alter the fluxes, selectivities and limiting currents in ion transport through polyelectrolyte multilayers deposited on membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Luo H, Agata WAS, Geise GM. Connecting the Ion Separation Factor to the Sorption and Diffusion Selectivity of Ion Exchange Membranes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers’ Way, P.O.
Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Wendy-Angela Saringi Agata
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers’ Way, P.O.
Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Geoffrey M. Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers’ Way, P.O.
Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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19
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20
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Kienle DF, Chaparro Sosa AF, Kaar JL, Schwartz DK. Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Enhance the Dry Storage and pH Stability of Physically Entrapped Enzymes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22640-22649. [PMID: 32352745 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are attractive materials for immobilizing enzymes due to their unique ionic environment, which can prevent unfolding. Here, we demonstrated that the stability to dry storage and elevated pH were significantly enhanced when negatively charged nitroreductase (NfsB) was embedded in a PEM by depositing alternating layers of the enzyme and polycation (PC) onto porous silica particles. The PC strength (i.e., pKa) and the surface charge of the film were varied to probe the effects that internal and surface chemistry had on the pH stability of the entrapped NfsB. All films showed enhanced activity retention at elevated pH (>6), and inactivation at reduced pH (<6) similar to NfsB in solution, indicating that the primary stabilizing effect of immobilization was achieved through ionic interactions between NfsB and the PC and not through changes to the surface charge of the NfsB. Additionally, films that were stored dry at 4 °C for 1 month retained full activity, while those stored at room temperature lost 30% activity. Remarkably, at 50 °C, above the NfsB melting temperature, 40% activity was retained after 1 month of dry storage. Our results suggest that internal film properties are significantly more important than surface charge, which had minor effects on activity. Specifically, immobilization with the weak PC, poly(l-lysine), increased the optimal pH and the activity of immobilized NfsB (which we attribute to greater permeability), relative to immobilization with the strong PC, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). However, NfsB was leached from the PLL film to a greater extent. Overall, these observations demonstrate that internal ionic cross-linking is key to the stabilizing effects of PEMs and that the pH response can be tuned by controlling the number of cross-links (e.g., by changing the strength of the PC). However, this may be at the cost of reduced loading, illustrating the necessity of simultaneously optimizing enzyme loading, internal ionic cross-linking, and substrate transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Kienle
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Andres F Chaparro Sosa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joel L Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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21
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Lysozyme uptake into pharmaceutical grade fucoidan/chitosan polyelectrolyte multilayers under physiological conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 565:555-566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Eneh CI, Bolen MJ, Suarez-Martinez PC, Bachmann AL, Zimudzi TJ, Hickner MA, Batys P, Sammalkorpi M, Lutkenhaus JL. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigation of water microenvironments in polyelectrolyte multilayers at varying temperatures. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2291-2300. [PMID: 32043105 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are thin films formed by the alternating deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Water plays an important role in influencing the physical properties of PEMs, as it can act both as a plasticizer and swelling agent. However, the way in which water molecules distribute around and hydrate ion pairs has not been fully quantified with respect to both temperature and ionic strength. Here, we examine the effects of temperature and ionic strength on the hydration microenvironments of fully immersed poly(diallyldimethylammonium)/polystyrene sulfonate (PDADMA/PSS) PEMs. This is accomplished by tracking the OD stretch peak using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy at 0.25-1.5 M NaCl and 35-70 °C. The OD stretch peak is deconvoluted into three peaks: (1) high frequency water, which represents a tightly bound microenvironment, (2) low frequency water, which represents a loosely bound microenvironment, and (3) bulk water. In general, the majority of water absorbed into the PEM exists in a bound state, with little-to-no bulk water observed. Increasing temperature slightly reduces the amount of absorbed water, while addition of salt increases the amount of absorbed water. Finally, a van't Hoff analysis is applied to estimate the enthalpy (11-22 kJ mol-1) and entropy (48-79 kJ mol-1 K-1) of water exchanging from low to high frequency states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikaodinaka I Eneh
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA.
| | - Matthew J Bolen
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA.
| | - Pilar C Suarez-Martinez
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA.
| | - Adam L Bachmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Tawanda J Zimudzi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Michael A Hickner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jodie L Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
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Yaroshchuk A, Bondarenko M, Tang C, Bruening ML. A Limiting Case of Constant Counterion Electrochemical Potentials in the Membrane for Examining Ion Transfer at Ion-Exchange Membranes and Patches. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13243-13256. [PMID: 31509705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ion passage through ion-exchange membranes is vital in electrodialysis desalination, batteries and fuel cells, and water splitting. Simplified models of ion transport through such membranes frequently assume complete exclusion of co-ions (ions with the same sign of charge as the fixed charge in the membrane) from the membrane. However, a second assumption of constant counterion electrochemical potentials across the membrane leads to simple analytical expressions for ion fluxes and transmembrane potentials. Moreover, linear corrections to account for a small membrane electrical resistance yield analytical expressions with a wider applicability. For bi-ionic potential measurements and current-induced concentration polarization at low salt concentrations, these analytical solutions match the fluxes and potentials obtained numerically without the limiting assumptions. This gives confidence in both the limiting assumptions (under appropriate conditions) and the numerical solutions. At low ion concentrations, the analytical solutions may enable rapid characterization of membrane coatings or boundary layers in solution, and such boundary layers are important in many applications of ion-exchange membranes. In fact, the assumption of complete co-ion exclusion is sometimes more limiting than the constraint of constant electrochemical potentials of counterions across the membrane. Remarkably, this limiting case readily yields the ion accumulation and depletion regions above "ion-exchange patches" that reside beneath a solution with an applied electric field. Such regions are important for sample preconcentration in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yaroshchuk
- ICREA , pg·L.Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnic University of Catalonia , av. Diagonal 647,08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mykola Bondarenko
- Institute of Bio-Colloid Chemistry , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Vernadskiy ave.42 , 03142 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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Yang S, Liu Y, Liao J, Liu H, Jiang Y, Van der Bruggen B, Shen J, Gao C. Codeposition Modification of Cation Exchange Membranes with Dopamine and Crown Ether To Achieve High K + Electrodialysis Selectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17730-17741. [PMID: 31013045 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification has been proven to be an effective approach for ion exchange membranes to achieve separation of counterions with different valences by altering interfacial construction of membranes to improve ion transfer performance. In this work, we have fabricated a series of novel cation exchange membranes (CEMs) by modifying sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF) membranes via codeposition of mussel-inspired dopamine (DA) and 4'-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 (ACE), followed by glutaraldehyde cross-linking, aiming at achieving selective separation of specific cations. The as-prepared membranes before and after modification were systematically characterized in terms of their structural, physicochemical, electrochemical, and electrodialytic properties. In the electrodialysis process, the modified membranes exhibit distinct perm selectivity to K+ ions in binary (K+/Li+, K+/Na+, K+/Mg2+) and ternary (K+/Li+/Mg2+) systems. In particular, at a constant current density of 5.0 mA·cm-2, modified membrane M-co-0.50 shows significantly prominent perm selectivity [Formula: see text] in the K+/Mg2+ system and M-co-0.75 exhibits remarkable performance in the K+/Li+ system [Formula: see text], superior to commercial monovalent-selective CEM (CIMS, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Besides, in the K+/Li+/Mg2+ ternary system, K+ flux reaches 30.8 nmol·cm-2·s-1 for M-co-0.50, while it reaches 25.8 nmol·cm-2·s-1 for CIMS. It possibly arises from the effects of pore-size sieving and the synergistic action of electric field driving and host-guest molecular recognition of ACE and K+ ions. This study can provide new insights into the separation of specific alkali metal ions, especially on reducing influence of coexisting cations K+ and Na+ on Li+ ion recovery from salt lake and seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Safety , Binzhou University , Binzhou 256600 , China
| | - Junbin Liao
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Huawen Liu
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jiangnan Shen
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Congjie Gao
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
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Layer-by-layer modification of aliphatic polyamide anion-exchange membranes to increase Cl−/SO42− selectivity. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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