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Zhang D, Li X, Li J, Wang Q, Dong X, Wu Y, Li Z, Xie X, Liu Z, Xiu F, Huang W, Liu J. Phase-Segregated Ductile Eutectogels with Ultrahigh Modulus and Toughness for Antidamaging Fabric Perception. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306557. [PMID: 38063820 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Ionogels are extremely soft ionic materials that can undergo large deformation while maintaining their structural and functional integrity. Ductile ionogels can absorb energy and resist fracture under external load, making them an ideal candidate for wearable electronics, soft robotics, and protective gear. However, developing high-modulus ionogels with extreme toughness remains challenging. Here, a facile one-step photopolymerization approach to construct an acrylic acid (AA)-2-hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA)-choline chloride (ChCl) eutectogel (AHCE) with ultrahigh modulus and toughness is reported. With rich hydrogen bonding crosslinks and phase segregation, this gel has a 99.1 MPa Young's modulus and a 70.6 MJ m-3 toughness along with 511.4% elongation, which can lift 12 000 times its weight. These features provide extreme damage resistance and electrical healing ability, offering it a protective and strain-sensitive coating to innovate anticutting fabric with motion detection for human healthcare. The work provides an effective strategy to construct robust ionogel materials and smart wearable electronics for intelligent life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Junyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xuemei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yueyue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Fei Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Wang J, Wu J, Jiang Z, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Zhao J, Jia K, Hu J. Stretchable and Transparent Heaters Based on Hydrophobic Ionogels with Superior Moisture Insensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19529-19536. [PMID: 38564290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable transparent heaters (THs) have been widely used in various applications, including deicing and defogging of flexible screens as well as thermotherapy pads. Ionic THs based on ionogels have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional electronic THs due to their unique advantages in terms of transparency-conductance conflict, uniform heating, and interfacial adhesion. However, the commonly used hydrophilic ionogels inevitably introduce a moisture-sensitive issue. In this work, we present a stretchable and transparent hydrophobic ionogel-based heater that utilizes ionic current-induced Joule heating under high-frequency alternating current. This ionogel-based TH exhibits exceptional multifunctional properties with low hysteresis, a fracture strain of 840%, transmittance of 93%, conductivity of 0.062 S m-1, temperature resistance up to 165 °C, voltage resistance up to 120 V, heating rate of 0.1 °C s-1, steady-state temperature at 115 °C, and uniform heating even when bent or stretched (up to 200%). Furthermore, it maintains its heating performance when it is directly exposed to water. This hydrophobic ionogel-based TH expands the range of materials available for ionic THs and paves the way for their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhouhu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zilei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiayou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kun Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Fan X, Feng W, Wang S, Chen Y, Zheng WJ, Yan J. Fluorine-Containing Ionogels with Stretchable, Solvent-Resistant, Wide Temperature Tolerance, and Transparent Properties for Ionic Conductors. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1013. [PMID: 38611271 PMCID: PMC11014108 DOI: 10.3390/polym16071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Stretchable ionogels, as soft ion-conducting materials, have generated significant interest. However, the integration of multiple functions into a single ionogel, including temperature tolerance, self-adhesiveness, and stability in diverse environments, remains a challenge. In this study, a new class of fluorine-containing ionogels was synthesized through photo-initiated copolymerization of fluorinated hexafluorobutyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate in a fluorinated ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. The resulting ionogels demonstrate good stretchability with a fracture strain of ~1300%. Owing to the advantages of the fluorinated network and the ionic liquid, the ionogels show excellent stability in air and vacuum, as well as in various solvent media such as water, sodium chloride solution, and hexane. Additionally, the ionogels display impressive wide temperature tolerance, functioning effectively within a wide temperature range from -60 to 350 °C. Moreover, due to their adhesive properties, the ionogels can be easily attached to various substrates, including plastic, rubber, steel, and glass. Sensors made of these ionogels reliably respond to repetitive tensile-release motion and finger bending in both air and underwater. These findings suggest that the developed ionogels hold great promise for application in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wen Jiang Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China (Y.C.)
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Wu X, Qi Z, Yang K, Yang G, Cai H, Han X. Lignin reinforced tough, adhesive, and recoverable protein organohydrogels for wearable strain sensing under sub-zero temperatures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130305. [PMID: 38382788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based hydrogels with promising biocompatibility and biodegradability have attracted considerable interest in areas of epidermal sensing, whereas, which are still difficult to synchronously possess high mechanical strength, self-adhesion, and recoverability. Hence, the bio-polymer lignosulfonate-reinforced gluten organohydrogels (GOHLx) are fabricated through green and simple food-making processes and the following solvent exchange with glycerol/water binary solution. Ascribing to the uniform distribution of lignosulfonate in gluten networks, as well as the noncovalent interactions (e.g., H-bond) between them, the resultant GOHLx exhibit favorable conductivity (∼14.3 × 10-4 S m-1), toughness (∼711.0 kJ m-3), self-adhesion (a maximal lap-shear strength of ∼33.5 kPa), high sensitivity (GF up to ∼3.04), and durability (∼3000 cycles) toward shape deformation, which are suitable for the detection of both drastic (e.g., elbow and wrist bending) and subtle (e.g., swallowing and speaking) human movements even under -20 °C. Furthermore, the GOHLx is also biocompatible, degradable, and recoverable (by a simple kneading process). Thus, this work may pave a simple, green, and cheap way to prepare all-biomass-based, tough, sticky, and recoverable protein-based organohydrogels for epidermal strain sensing even in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Keyan Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Guorui Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Hongzhen Cai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Xiangsheng Han
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China.
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5
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Zheng H, Zhou H, Zheng B, Wei C, Ma A, Jin X, Chen W, Liu H. Stable Flexible Electronic Devices under Harsh Conditions Enabled by Double-Network Hydrogels Containing Binary Cations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7768-7779. [PMID: 38294427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are increasingly used in flexible electronic devices, but the mechanical and electrochemical stabilities of hydrogel devices are often limited under specific harsh conditions. Herein, chemically/physically cross-linked double-network (DN) hydrogels containing binary cations Zn2+ and Li+ are constructed in order to address the above challenges. Double networks of chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) and physically cross-linked κ-Carrageenan (κ-CG) are designed to account for the mechanical robustness while binary cations endow the hydrogels with excellent ionic conductivity and outstanding environmental adaptability. Excellent mechanical robustness and ionic conductivity (25 °C, 2.26 S·m-1; -25 °C, 1.54 S·m-1) have been achieved. Utilizing the DN hydrogels containing binary cations as signal-converting materials, we fabricated flexible mechanosensors. High gauge factors (resistive strain sensors, 2.4; capacitive pressure sensors, 0.82 kPa-1) and highly stable sensing ability have been achieved. Interestingly, zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors containing the DN hydrogels containing binary cations as electrolytes have achieved an initial capacity of 52.5 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 3 A·g-1 and a capacity retention rate of 82.9% after 19,000 cycles. Proper working of the zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors at subzero conditions and stable charge-discharge for more than 19,000 cycles at -25 °C have been demonstrated. Overall, DN hydrogels containing binary cations have provided promising materials for high-performance flexible electronic devices under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Bohui Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjuan Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Aijie Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xilang Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
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Yue D, Shi S, Chen H, Bai L, Wang W, Yang H, Yang L, Wei D. Fabrication of anti-freezing and self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels based on phytic acid and cellulose nanocrystals for high strain sensing applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:762-771. [PMID: 38167689 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
For hydrogel-based flexible sensors, it is a challenge to enhance the stability at sub-zero temperatures while maintaining good self-healing properties. Herein, an anti-freezing nanocomposite hydrogel with self-healing properties and conductivity was designed by introducing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and phytic acid (PA). The CNCs were grafted with polypyrrole (PPy) by chemical oxidation, which were used as the nanoparticle reinforcement phase to reinforce the mechanical strength of hydrogels (851.8%). PA as a biomass material could form strong hydrogen bond interactions with H2O molecules, endowing hydrogels with prominent anti-freezing properties. Based on the non-covalent interactions, the self-healing rate of the hydrogels reached 92.9% at -15 °C as the content of PA was 40.0 wt%. Hydrogel-based strain sensors displayed high sensitivity (GF = 0.75), rapid response time (350 ms), good conductivity (3.1 S m-1) and stability at -15 °C. Various human movements could be detected by using them, including small (smile and frown) and large changes (elbow and knee bending). This work provides a promising method for the development of flexible wearable sensors that work stably in frigid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Yue
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Shaoning Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Hou Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Liangjiu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Huawei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Donglei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Yantai 264025, China.
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Patel V, Das E, Bhargava A, Deshmukh S, Modi A, Srivastava R. Ionogels for flexible conductive substrates and their application in biosensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127736. [PMID: 38183203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Ionogels are highly conductive gels made from ionic liquids dispersed in a matrix made of organic or inorganic materials. Ionogels are known for high ionic conductivity, flexibility, high thermal and electrochemical stability. These characteristics make them suitable for sensing and biosensing applications. This review discusses about the two main constituents, ionic liquids and matrix, used to make ionogels and effect of these materials on the characteristics of ionogels. Here, the material properties like mechanical, electrochemical and stability are discussed for both polymer matrix and ionic liquid. We have briefly described about the fabrication methods like 3D printing, sol-gel, blade coating, spin coating, aerosol jet printing etc., used to make films or coating of these ionogels. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are also briefly summarized. Finally, the last section provides a few examples of application of flexible ionogels in areas like wearables, human-machine interface, electronic skin and detection of biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Eatu Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Ameesha Bhargava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Sharvari Deshmukh
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences and Research, MIT ADT University, Loni Kalbhor, Pune 412201, India
| | - Anam Modi
- G.N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India.
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Wen X, Deng Z, Wang H, Shi J, Wang S, Wang H, Song Y, Du Z, Qiu J, Cheng X. High strength, self-healing sensitive ionogel sensor based on MXene/ionic liquid synergistic conductive network for human-motion detection. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11251-11264. [PMID: 37823270 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels with both high strength and high conductivity for wearable strain and pressure dual-mode sensors are needed for human motion and health monitoring. Here, multiple hydrogen bonds are introduced through imidazolidinyl urea (IU) as a chain extender to provide high mechanical and self-healing properties for the water-borne polyurethane (WPU). The MXene/ionic liquids synergistic conductive network provides excellent conductivity and also reduces the relative content of ionic liquids to maintain the mechanical properties of the ionogels. The mechanical strength of this ionogel reached 1.81-2.24 MPa and elongation at break reached 570-624%. It also has excellent conductivity (22.7-37.5 mS m-1), gauge factor (GF) (as a strain sensor, GF = 1.8), sensitivity (S) (as a press sensor, S1 = 29.8 kPa-1, S2 = 1.3 kPa-1), and fast response time (as a strain sensor = 185 ms; as a press sensor = 204 ms). The ionogel also exhibits rapid photothermal self-healing capabilities due to the inherent photothermal behavior of MXene. It can maintain good elasticity and conductivity at low temperatures. In addition, this ionogel is able to stretch for 1200 cycles without significant change in the relative change of resistance. The ionogel can be assembled as a strain sensor for monitoring human motion and as a pressure sensor array for obtaining pressure magnitude and position information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhipeng Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jianyang Shi
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yueming Song
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jinghong Qiu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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9
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Hao S, Yang C, Yang X, Li T, Ma L, Jiao Y, Song H. Highly Tough, Stretchable, and Recyclable Ionogels with Crosslink-Enhanced Emission Characteristics for Anti-Counterfeiting and Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16132-16143. [PMID: 36921264 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional luminescent ionogels often suffer from poor mechanical properties and a lack of recyclability and regeneration, which limits their further application and sustainable development. Herein, a luminescent ionogel with strong mechanical properties and good recyclability has been designed and fabricated by introducing dynamic coordination bonds via in situ one-step crosslinking of acrylic acid in ionic liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate by zinc dimethacrylate. Due to the special crosslinking of dynamic coordination bonds along with the hydrogen bond interaction, the as-prepared ionogel displays excellent stretchability and toughness, good self-adhesiveness, fast self-healability, and recyclability. Interestingly, the obtained ionogels exhibit tunable photoluminescence caused by the crosslink-enhanced emission (CEE) effect from the coordination bonds. Importantly, ionogels can be applied in information storage, information encryption, anti-counterfeiting due to their simple and in situ preparation method, and their special fluorescence performances. Moreover, an ionogel-based wearable sensor has rapid response time and a high gauge factor of 3.22 within a wide strain range from 1 to 700%, which can monitor various human movements accurately from subtle to large-scale motions. This paper offers a promising way to fabricate sustainable functional ionic liquid-based composites with CEE characteristics via an in situ one-step polymerization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tianci Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Lianhua Ma
- College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yunhong Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
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10
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Cheng Z, Jin X, Liu Y, Zhang X. A PET Fluorescent Probe for Dynamic Pd 2+ Tracking with Imaging Applications in the Nanofiber and Living Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073065. [PMID: 37049828 PMCID: PMC10095779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Constructed on the moiety of a lactam screw ring, a near-infrared fluorescent probe RCya for Pd2+ was designed under the PET mechanism and synthesized by incorporating 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as the recognition group. Dynamic detection of aqueous Pd2+ by the probe RCya could be accomplished through ion competition, linear response, fluorescence-pH/time stabilities, and other optical tests. Moreover, the high selectivity, low cytotoxicity, cell permeability, and lysosome accumulation properties of RCya enabled the imaging applications on solid-state RCya-PAN composite nanofibers and in living cells. The recognition mechanism of probe RCya toward Pd2+ was further studied through simulation calculation and MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xilang Jin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yinggang Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
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11
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Clement N, Kandasubramanian B. 3D Printed Ionogels In Sensors. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2126784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Navya Clement
- Polymer Science, CIPET: Institute of Petrochemical Technology (IPT), HIL Colony, Edayar Road, Pathalam, Eloor, Udyogmandal P.O, Kochi 683501, India
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12
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Li W, Fan Q, Chai C, Chu Y, Hao J. Ti3C2-MXene Ionogel with Long-Term Stability and High Sensitivity for Wearable Piezoresistive Sensors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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13
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Qu M, Lv Y, Ge J, Zhang B, Wu Y, Shen L, Liu Q, Yan M, He J. Hydrophobic and Multifunctional Strain, Pressure and Temperature Sensor Based on TPU/SiO2-ILs Ionogel for Human motion monitoring, Liquid Drop Monitoring, Underwater Applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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14
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Highly Stretchable, Transparent and Adhesive Ionogel Based on Chitosan-Poly(acrylic acid) Double Networks for Flexible Strain Sensors. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120797. [PMID: 36547321 PMCID: PMC9777788 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A stretchable double-network (DN) ionogel composed of a physically crosslinked network of chitosan (CS) and a chemically crosslinked network of polyacrylic acid (PAA) was prepared in an ionic liquid ([EMIM][OAc]) using a one-step polymerization method. In this ionogel (CS/PAA), the CS and the PAA polymer chains served as backbones, which constructed an interpenetrating DN structure via numerous hydrogen bonds formed through the hydroxyl, amino and carboxyl groups on the polymer chains. The DN structure improves the mechanical properties of the ionogel. Therefore, the CS/PAA DN ionogel exhibited outstanding mechanical performance in many ways: tensile strength up to 2.04 MPa, strain range up to 1046% and the value of toughness up to 8.52 MJ/m3. The ionogel also showed good self-recovery performance, fatigue resistance, ability to work in a broad temperature range (-20~80 °C) and adhesion properties. As a flexible sensor, the CS/PAA DN ionogel showed high strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 6.235). It can sensitively detect human motion (such as joint-bending, vocal fold vibration, walking gait and other human body motions), revealing the practical application potential of flexible electronic devices.
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15
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Peptide-enhanced tough, resilient and adhesive eutectogels for highly reliable strain/pressure sensing under extreme conditions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6671. [PMID: 36335147 PMCID: PMC9637226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural gels and biomimetic hydrogel materials have been able to achieve outstanding integrated mechanical properties due to the gain of natural biological structures. However, nearly every natural biological structure relies on water as solvents or carriers, which limits the possibility in extreme conditions, such as sub-zero temperatures and long-term application. Here, peptide-enhanced eutectic gels were synthesized by introducing α-helical "molecular spring" structure into deep eutectic solvent. The gel takes full advantage of the α-helical structure, achieving high tensile/compression, good resilience, superior fracture toughness, excellent fatigue resistance and strong adhesion, while it also inherits the benefits of the deep eutectic solvent and solves the problems of solvent volatilization and freezing. This enables unprecedentedly long and stable sensing of human motion or mechanical movement. The electrical signal shows almost no drift even after 10,000 deformations for 29 hours or in the -20 °C to 80 °C temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Wang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 P. R. China
| | - Ying Guan
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- grid.410561.70000 0001 0169 5113School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387 P. R. China
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16
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Montazerian H, Davoodi E, Baidya A, Badv M, Haghniaz R, Dalili A, Milani AS, Hoorfar M, Annabi N, Khademhosseini A, Weiss PS. Bio-macromolecular design roadmap towards tough bioadhesives. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9127-9173. [PMID: 36269075 PMCID: PMC9810209 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging sutureless wound-closure techniques have led to paradigm shifts in wound management. State-of-the-art biomaterials offer biocompatible and biodegradable platforms enabling high cohesion (toughness) and adhesion for rapid bleeding control as well as robust attachment of implantable devices. Tough bioadhesion stems from the synergistic contributions of cohesive and adhesive interactions. This Review provides a biomacromolecular design roadmap for the development of tough adhesive surgical sealants. We discuss a library of materials and methods to introduce toughness and adhesion to biomaterials. Intrinsically tough and elastic polymers are leveraged primarily by introducing strong but dynamic inter- and intramolecular interactions either through polymer chain design or using crosslink regulating additives. In addition, many efforts have been made to promote underwater adhesion via covalent/noncovalent bonds, or through micro/macro-interlock mechanisms at the tissue interfaces. The materials settings and functional additives for this purpose and the related characterization methods are reviewed. Measurements and reporting needs for fair comparisons of different materials and their properties are discussed. Finally, future directions and further research opportunities for developing tough bioadhesive surgical sealants are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Montazerian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA.
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA.
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Lab, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Avijit Baidya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Maryam Badv
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA.
| | - Arash Dalili
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Abbas S Milani
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 3E6, Canada
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA.
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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17
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Wang L, Liu S, Cheng J, Peng Y, Meng F, Wu Z, Chen H. Poly( N, N-dimethyl)acrylamide-based ion-conductive gel with transparency, self-adhesion and rapid self-healing properties for human motion detection. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6115-6123. [PMID: 35943040 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors have been extensively studied for their potential value in monitoring human activity and health. However, it is still challenging to develop multifunctional flexible strain sensors with simultaneously high transparency, strong self-adhesion, fast self-healing and excellent tensile properties. In this study, we used N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) in the imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide ([BMIM][Tf2N]) for "one-step" UV irradiation. A poly(N,N-dimethyl)acrylamide (PDMA) ion-conductive gel was prepared by site polymerization. Based on the good compatibility between PDMA and ionic liquid, the prepared ion-conductive gel has good transparency (∼90%), excellent stretchability (1080%), strong self-adhesion (67.57 kPa), fast self-healing (2 s at room temperature) and great antibacterial activity (∼99% bacterial killing efficiency). Moreover, the strain sensor based on the PDMA ion-conductive gel has good electromechanical performance and can detect different human motions. Based on the simple and easy-to-operate preparation method and the endowed multifunctionality of the PDMA ion-conductive gel, it has broad application prospects in the field of flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Shengjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Fangfei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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18
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Wen X, Xu J, Wang H, Du Z, Wang S, Cheng X. High strength, self‐healing, and anti‐freezing polyurethane ionogel based on multiple hydrogen bonding for wearable strain sensor. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Junhuai Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhang L, Jia K, Wang J, Zhao J, Tang J, Hu J. Stretchable and transparent ionogel-based heaters. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1911-1920. [PMID: 35532948 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01775f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent heaters (THs) are widely used for various applications, such as in smart windows, deicers, defoggers, displays, and thermotherapy pads. The rapid development of flexible electronics has led to a demand for flexible and even stretchable THs. At present, most stretchable THs are designed using a combination of electronically conductive networks and flexible polymer materials. Electronic THs still face common challenges, such as a transparency-conductance trade-off, non-uniform heating, and poor interfacial adhesion. In this work, an ionic TH is reported based on a stretchable and transparent ionogel. Joule heating from an ionic current induced by alternating voltage functions as the heating source. This ionogel-based TH exhibits excellent and steady mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal properties, simultaneously solving the abovementioned three problems relating to electronic THs. Two simple applications of this ionogel-based TH are demonstrated: deicing and boiling water. This reported ionogel-based TH provides a new material choice and heating principle to compete with conventional electronic TH technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Kun Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiayou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jingda Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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20
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Li T, Liu F, Yang X, Hao S, Cheng Y, Li S, Zhu H, Song H. Muscle-Mimetic Highly Tough, Conductive, and Stretchable Poly(ionic liquid) Liquid Crystalline Ionogels with Ultrafast Self-Healing, Super Adhesive, and Remarkable Shape Memory Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29261-29272. [PMID: 35699738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a simple method for preparing muscle-mimetic highly tough, conductive, and stretchable liquid crystalline ionogels which contains only one poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) in an ionic liquid via in situ free radical photohomopolymerization by using nitrogen gas instead of air atmosphere. Due to eliminating the inhibition caused by dissolved oxygen, the polymerization under nitrogen gas has much higher molecular weight, lower critical sol-gel concentration, and stronger mechanical properties. More importantly, benefiting from the unique loofah-like microstructures along with the strong internal ionic interactions, entanglements of long PIL chains and liquid crystalline domains, the ionogels show special optical anisotropic, superstretchability (>8000%), high fracture strength (up to 16.52 MPa), high toughness (up to 39.22 MJ/m3), and have ultrafast self-healing, ultrastrong adhesive, and excellent shape memory properties. Due to its excellent stretchability and good conductive-strain responsiveness, the as-prepared ionogel can be easily applied for high-performance flexible and wearable sensors for motion detecting. Therefore, this paper provides an effective route and developed method to generate highly stretchable conductive liquid crystalline ionogels/elastomers that can be used in widespread flexible and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Yang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Hao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongnan Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
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21
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Zhu D, Miao M, Du X, Peng Y, Wang Z, Liu S, Xing J. Long/Short Chain Crosslinkers-optimized and PEDOT:PSS-enhanced Covalent Double Network Hydrogels Rapidly Prepared under Green LED Irradiation as Flexible Strain Sensor. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Wang H, Li X, Ji Y, Xu J, Ye Z, Wang S, Du X. Highly transparent, mechanical, and self-adhesive zwitterionic conductive hydrogels with polyurethane as a cross-linker for wireless strain sensors. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2933-2943. [PMID: 35302157 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic hydrogels have attracted a myriad of research interests for their excellent flexibility and biocompatibility as flexible wearable sensors. It is desired to create E-skins that integrate high mechanical strength, sensory sensitivity, and broad adhesion, possessing potential in the fields of intelligent robots and bionic prostheses. In this work, a novel macromolecular cross-linker (MPU) based on waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was designed and applied to synthesize multifunctional conductive hydrogels (PASU-Zn hydrogels). Importantly, in the presence of MPU, the hydrogels exhibited well-balanced mechanical properties (elongation at break 1193%, tensile strength 1.02 MPa, outstanding puncture resistance, and self-recovery abilities). When assembled as wireless strain sensors, PASU-Zn sensors displayed distinguished sensing characteristics to detect mechanotransduction signals of human movements in real-time. Specifically, owing to the dipole-dipole interaction and hydrogen bonding of zwitterions and MPU, the hydrogels have remarkable self-adhesion properties to various surfaces of wood, PDMS, and pigskin, allowing them to stick to skins by themselves without using any adhesive tapes when used. It is deemed that the as-designed zwitterionic hydrogels show great promise for wearable devices and bionic skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China. .,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Ji
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Junhuai Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Zhifan Ye
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
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23
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Hu A, Liu C, Cui Z, Cong Z, Niu J. Wearable Sensors Adapted to Extreme Environments Based on the Robust Ionogel Electrolytes with Dual Hydrogen Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12713-12721. [PMID: 35230073 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonvolatile ionogels are promising soft electrolyte materials for flexible electronics, but it is challenging to fabricate stable electrolytes with mechanical robustness. Here, through rationally optimizing the chemical structure of polymer matrix and ionic liquids, the high-performance ionogel electrolytes with mechanical robustness and stability were fabricated. There are double hydrogen bonding networks in the as-prepared ionogel electrolytes, one of which exists between the polymer chains while the other one existing between the polymer chains and ionic liquid molecules. By adjusting the content of the ionic liquid and the ratio of the two hydrogen bonding networks, the prepared ionogel electrolytes exhibit tunable properties with an elasticity of 1.3-30 kPa, a stretchability of more than 1800%, a fracture energy of 125.8-548.3 KJ m-3, and a coordinated self-healing efficiency of 6.2-37.9% to satisfy the needs of different application scenarios. The assembled wearable sensors based on the high-performance ionogel electrolytes can be attached to a part of the human body, detecting various motions and body temperature. Benefiting from the nonvolatile and hydrophobic properties of the ionogel electrolytes, the wearable sensors can be operated under extreme environments including high/low temperature (-15-100 °C) and high humidity (100% relative humidity). It is believed that this work provides prospects for the application of wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankang Hu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zeyu Cui
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Zhenhua Cong
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Jian Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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24
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Rotjanasuworapong K, Thummarungsan N, Lerdwijitjarud W, Sirivat A. Electromechanical responses of agarose ionogels as highly soft and compliant actuators. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Saeed R, Feng H, Wang X, Xiaoshuan Z, Zetian F. Fish quality evaluation by sensor and machine learning: A mechanistic review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Hao S, Li T, Yang X, Song H. Ultrastretchable, Adhesive, Fast Self-Healable, and Three-Dimensional Printable Photoluminescent Ionic Skin Based on Hybrid Network Ionogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2029-2037. [PMID: 34958556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing multifunctional stretchable ionic skin (I-Skin) to mimic the sensations of the human skin is of great interest and shows promising potential in wearable sensors and human-machine interfaces (HMIs). However, common ionogels prepared with small-molecule cross-linkers and single networks can hardly satisfy the requirements of adjustable mechanical properties, strong adhesion, fast self-healability, and good stability in extreme environments. Herein, an ultrastretchable (>10,000%), ultrastrong adhesive (>6.8 MPa), ultrafast self-healable (10 s), high thermally stable (-60 to 250 °C), and three-dimensional (3D)-printable photoluminescent ionogel with shape memory properties has been designed. The ionogel consists of hyperbranched polymer covalent-cross-linked poly(zwitterionic ionic liquid)-co-poly(acrylic acid) and multiple dynamic bonding cross-linked networks. The excellent performance of the ionogel-based high-stretchable strain sensor and the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based self-powered touch sensor is further demonstrated over a wide temperature range (-40 to 150 °C). More importantly, ionogel-based I-Skin can work as an HMI for human gesture recognition and real-time wireless control of robots under extreme vacuum conditions and can also self-heal immediately along with function recovery after mechanical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tianci Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Yang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
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27
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Ge J, Dai S, Dong X, Li M, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Yuan N, Ding J. A wide-temperature-range sensor based on wide-strain-range self-healing and adhesive organogels. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04932a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptable physicochemically double cross-linked network organogels for use at different temperatures are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Dai
- Institute of Intelligent flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xu Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yida Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Ningyi Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jianning Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
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28
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Xie F, Gao X, Yu Y, Lu F, Zheng L. Dually cross-linked single network poly(ionic liquid)/ionic liquid ionogels for a flexible strain-humidity bimodal sensor. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10918-10925. [PMID: 34811559 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gel electrolytes have aroused extensive interest for diverse flexible electronics due to their high ionic conductivity and inherent stretchability. However, gel electrolytes still face challenges in terms of mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, and environmental adaptation, which severely limit the practical application of gel-based electronics. In this paper, we have synthesized a novel polymerizable ionic liquid [SBMA][AA] by mixing zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate with acrylic acid. Then a dually cross-linked single network poly(ionic liquid)/ionic liquid (DCSN PIL/IL) ionogel was prepared by a simple one-step photopolymerization of the [SBMA][AA] in another IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanoamide ([EmIm][DCA]). The synergistic effect between covalent crosslinking and dynamic physical crosslinking points endows the ionogel with good mechanical properties as well as outstanding fatigue resistance. Gratifyingly, the entrapment of [EmIm][DCA] in the ionogel matrix yields excellent environmental adaptability and high ionic conductivity. Meanwhile, the DCSN PIL/IL ionogel also exhibited strong adhesive capacity due to the abundance of carboxyl and sulphonic acid groups. The outstanding electromechanical properties make the DCSN PIL/IL ionogel a perfect candidate for strain sensors to monitor diverse human body activities, such as the movement of the thumb knuckle and handwriting. Interestingly, the DCSN PIL/IL ionogel also displayed high responsiveness to humidity. Therefore, it is believed that this DCSN PIL/IL ionogel offers a broad prospect in flexible strain-humidity bimodal sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Xinpei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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29
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He Z, Yuan W. Highly Stretchable, Adhesive Ionic Liquid-Containing Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Self-Powered Multifunctional Strain Sensors with Temperature Tolerance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53055-53066. [PMID: 34699172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The demand for wearable sensors consisting of multifunctional conductive hydrogels with fatigue resistance and adhesion properties is rising. More importantly, it is necessary to improve the freezing tolerance and dehydration resistance of hydrogels to avoid performance degradation in harsh environments. Herein, a robust nanocomposite ionogel was fabricated in [EMIM][Cl] ionic liquid and clay nanosheets were used as physical cross-linkers through rapid UV polymerization. The excellent mechanical properties, repeated self-adhesion to various substrates, freezing tolerance, and anti-drying properties were integrated into the nanocomposite ionic liquid hydrogel. The addition of clay nanosheets Laponite XLG endowed the ionogel with a high stretchability of up to 1200% and a tensile strength of up to 0.14 MPa, and the ionogel could be recovered when the external force was released. Ascribing to ionic liquids, the nanocomposite ionogel displayed ionic conductivity and temperature tolerance. An ionogel battery with a 0.72 V output voltage was formed by assembling the ionogel with a layer of zinc and copper sheet on each side to realize the conversion from chemical energy to electrical energy. The maximum voltage could reach 2.8 V when the four units are combined, which could provide energy for an LED bulb and could be used as a self-powered strain sensor under harsh conditions. In this work, a multifunctional ionogel self-powered sensor is proposed, which has potential applications in the fields of electronic skin, human-machine interaction, and biosensors over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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30
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Cao T, Wang T, Sun L, Wang K, Fan X. Antiliquid-Interfering, Antibacteria, and Adhesive Wearable Strain Sensor Based on Superhydrophobic and Conductive Composite Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46022-46032. [PMID: 34542266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are promising multifunctional materials for wearable sensors, but their practical applications require combined properties that are difficult to achieve. Herein, we developed a flexible wearable sensor with double-layer structure based on conductive composite hydrogel, which included the outer layer of silicone elastomer (Ecoflex)/silica microparticle composite film and the inner layer of P(AAm-co-HEMA)-MXene-AgNPs hydrogel. Through covalently cross-linking silicone elastomer on the surface of the hydrogel polymer, we bonded a thin Ecoflex film (100 μm) on the P(AAm-co-HEMA)-MXene-AgNPs hydrogel with robust interface, which can easily adhere to the Ecoflex/SiO2 microparticle composite film by silicone glue. The Ecoflex/SiO2 microparticle composite film endows the strain wearable sensor with superhydrophobic function that could maintain the stability under stretching or bending. Moreover, it can effectively resist the interference of water droplets and water flow. The P(AAm-co-HEMA)-MXene-AgNPs hydrogel exhibits outstanding antibacterial activity to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and even drug-resistant Escherichia coli. In addition, the flexible wearable sensor exhibited good self-adhesive performance by changing the reaction temperature of hydrogel and can adhere strongly onto various materials. The conductive composite hydrogel reported in this work contributes an innovative strategy for the preparation of multifunctional flexible wearable sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Wang
- The key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- The key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cao
- The key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- The key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Linxiao Sun
- The key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Keyao Wang
- The key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- The key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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31
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Persons AK, Ball JE, Freeman C, Macias DM, Simpson CL, Smith BK, Burch V. RF. Fatigue Testing of Wearable Sensing Technologies: Issues and Opportunities. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4070. [PMID: 34361264 PMCID: PMC8347841 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Standards for the fatigue testing of wearable sensing technologies are lacking. The majority of published fatigue tests for wearable sensors are performed on proof-of-concept stretch sensors fabricated from a variety of materials. Due to their flexibility and stretchability, polymers are often used in the fabrication of wearable sensors. Other materials, including textiles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conductive metals or inks, may be used in conjunction with polymers to fabricate wearable sensors. Depending on the combination of the materials used, the fatigue behaviors of wearable sensors can vary. Additionally, fatigue testing methodologies for the sensors also vary, with most tests focusing only on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) regime, and few sensors are cycled until failure or runout are achieved. Fatigue life predictions of wearable sensors are also lacking. These issues make direct comparisons of wearable sensors difficult. To facilitate direct comparisons of wearable sensors and to move proof-of-concept sensors from "bench to bedside", fatigue testing standards should be established. Further, both high-cycle fatigue (HCF) and failure data are needed to determine the appropriateness in the use, modification, development, and validation of fatigue life prediction models and to further the understanding of how cracks initiate and propagate in wearable sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Karen Persons
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, 130 Creelman Street, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (A.K.P.); (C.L.S.)
- Human Factors and Athlete Engineering, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, 200 Research Boulevard, Starkville, MS 39759, USA;
| | - John E. Ball
- Human Factors and Athlete Engineering, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, 200 Research Boulevard, Starkville, MS 39759, USA;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, 406 Hardy Road, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Charles Freeman
- School of Human Sciences, Mississippi State University, 255 Tracy Drive, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - David M. Macias
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6186, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
- Columbus Orthopaedic Clinic, 670 Leigh Drive, Columbus, MS 39705, USA
| | - Chartrisa LaShan Simpson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, 130 Creelman Street, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (A.K.P.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Brian K. Smith
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, 479-2 Hardy Road, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Reuben F. Burch V.
- Human Factors and Athlete Engineering, Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, 200 Research Boulevard, Starkville, MS 39759, USA;
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, 479-2 Hardy Road, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
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32
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Li X, Kong L, Gao G. A bio-inspired self-recoverable polyampholyte hydrogel with low temperature sensing. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2010-2015. [PMID: 33538753 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based flexible sensors have been extensively investigated, but inevitably, some hydrogels will not work properly at low temperature or recover their original property after deformation. In this work, a polyampholyte hydrogel was successfully prepared by introducing zwitterionic monomers with hydrophobic association. The electrostatic interaction based on polyelectrolyte provides excellent stretchability, fatigue resistance and self-recovery. It was important that the hydrogel, as an excellent strain sensor, exhibited a high electrical conductivity of 0.041 S cm-1, a low temperature resistance of -31.7 °C, and a high sensitivity in the strain range of 0-500%. The hydrogel sensor is used for human motion detection, including joint movement, vocalization, and walking. Predictably, the hydrogel will provide stable performance in a complex temperature environment and exhibited a wide range of applications in physiological signal monitoring, electronic skin and soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Li
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Lingshu Kong
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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33
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Chen L, Guo M. Highly Transparent, Stretchable, and Conductive Supramolecular Ionogels Integrated with Three-Dimensional Printable, Adhesive, Healable, and Recyclable Character. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25365-25373. [PMID: 34003634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the easy fabrication of highly transparent (optical transmittance above 93%), stretchable (1500-2500% elongation at break), and conductive (up to 2.25 S m-1 at 25 °C) supramolecular ionogels that simultaneously integrate with three-dimensional (3D) printable, healable, adhesive, and recyclable character. The supramolecular ionogel is designed using a linear amphiphilic poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) copolymer and ionic liquid (IL) as the elastic scaffold and electrolyte, respectively, via a simple cosolvent method. Intriguingly, the 3D-printed highly conductive (2.25 S m-1 at 25 °C) supramolecular ionogel structure shows record-high mechanical performance with a breaking tensile strain and stress of 945% and 1.51 MPa, respectively, and is able to lift 3400× or bear 10000× its weight without fracture. Furthermore, both the solution casting and 3D-printed ionogel films show high sensitivity and reliability for sensing a wide range of strains, including various human motions. The results present some new insights into the structural, mechanical, and functional design of novel multifunctional ionogels with distinguished mechanical performance and tractable processability, which will extend them to a wide range of flexible electronic applications, including artificial intelligence, wearable/conformable electronics, human/machine interactions, soft robotics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmin Chen
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyu Guo
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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34
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Jin R, Xu J, Duan L, Gao G. Chitosan-driven skin-attachable hydrogel sensors toward human motion and physiological signal monitoring. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 268:118240. [PMID: 34127222 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, flexible and wearable sensors assembled from conductive hydrogels have attracted widespread attention. However, it is still a great challenge to make hydrogels with sufficient mechanical properties, self-adhesiveness and strain sensitivity. Here, a strong, tough, and self-adhesive hydrogel is successfully fabricated by a one-pot method, which introducing chitosan and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid into the polyacrylamide network. The hydrogels exhibited adhesion (the peel strength reaches 798 N/m), mechanical property (The breaking strength and strain can reach 111 kPa and 2839%) and electrical conductivity (conductivity up to 0.0848 S/cm), which are suitable for wearable epidermal sensors. Besides, the hydrogels also possessed transparency. Therefore, this work would provide a novel insight on the fabrication of multi-functional self-adhesive hydrogel sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rining Jin
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lijie Duan
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
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35
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Yu Y, Xie F, Gao X, Zheng L. Double-network hydrogels with adjustable surface morphology and multifunctional integration for flexible strain sensors. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4352-4362. [PMID: 33908588 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The next generation of high-performance flexible electronics has put forward new demands on the development of ionic conductive hydrogels. In recent years, many efforts have been made toward developing double-network (DN) hydrogels due to their excellent mechanical properties and unique network structures. However, profound challenges remain in achieving controllable surface morphology and multifunctional integration within DN hydrogels. In this work, we report the fabrication of a multifunctional DN hydrogel by multiple cross-linking between an innovative K+-containing poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and κ-carrageenan. The resulting hydrogel possesses fascinating physicochemical properties, ranging from remarkable mechanical properties and machinability to adjustable surface morphology and superior adhesion ability. The extremely versatile DN hydrogels exhibited outstanding potential for the future of wearable strain sensors in real-time monitoring of human health, and the optimized design strategy opens new possibilities for the fabrication of multiscale structured and multifunctional integrated ionic conductive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengjin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinpei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Yiming B, Han Y, Han Z, Zhang X, Li Y, Lian W, Zhang M, Yin J, Sun T, Wu Z, Li T, Fu J, Jia Z, Qu S. A Mechanically Robust and Versatile Liquid-Free Ionic Conductive Elastomer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006111. [PMID: 33576145 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soft ionic conductors, such as hydrogels and ionogels, have enabled stretchable and transparent ionotronics, but they suffer from key limitations inherent to the liquid components, which may leak and evaporate. Here, novel liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers (ICE) that are copolymer networks hosting lithium cations and associated anions via lithium bonds and hydrogen bonds are demonstrated, such that they are intrinsically immune from leakage and evaporation. The ICEs show extraordinary mechanical versatility including excellent stretchability, high strength and toughness, self-healing, quick self-recovery, and 3D-printability. More intriguingly, the ICEs can defeat the conflict of strength versus toughness-a compromise well recognized in mechanics and material science-and simultaneously overcome the conflict between ionic conductivity and mechanical properties, which is common for ionogels. Several liquid-free ionotronics based on the ICE are further developed, including resistive force sensors, multifunctional ionic skins, and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are not subject to limitations of previous gel-based devices, such as leakage, evaporation, and weak hydrogel-elastomer interfaces. Also, the 3D printability of the ICEs is demonstrated by printing a series of structures with fine features. The findings offer promise for a variety of ionotronics requiring environmental stability and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burebi Yiming
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ying Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zilong Han
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinning Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weizhen Lian
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mingqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jun Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Taolin Sun
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ziliang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tiefeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zheng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shaoxing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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37
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Taimoory SM, Cataldo VA, Schäfer A, Trant JF, Guterman R. Not-So-Innocent Anions Determine the Mechanism of Cationic Alkylators. Chemistry 2021; 27:3440-3448. [PMID: 33137244 PMCID: PMC7898791 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alkylating reagents based on thioimidazolium ionic liquids were synthesized and the influence of the anion on the alkylation reaction mechanism explored in detail using both experimental and computational methods. Thioimidazolium cations transfer alkyl substituents to nucleophiles, however the reaction rate was highly dependent on anion identity, demonstrating that the anion is not innocent in the mechanism. Detailed analysis of the computationally-derived potential energy surfaces associated with possible mechanisms indicated that this dependence arises from a combination of anion induced electronic, steric and coordinating effects, with highly nucleophilic anions catalyzing a 2-step process while highly non-nucleophilic, delocalized anions favor a 1-step reaction. This work also confirms the presence of ion-pairs and aggregates in solution thus supporting anion-induced control over the reaction rate and mechanism. These findings provide new insight into an old reaction allowing for better design of cationic alkylators in synthesis, gene expression, polymer science, and protein chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maryamdokht Taimoory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., ON, N9B 3P4, Windsor, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vincenzo Alessandro Cataldo
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., ON, N9B 3P4, Windsor, Canada
| | - Ryan Guterman
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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38
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu J, Hao S, Song H, Zhang J. 3D Printable, Highly Stretchable, Superior Stable Ionogels Based on Poly(ionic liquid) with Hyperbranched Polymers as Macro-cross-linkers for High-Performance Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5614-5624. [PMID: 33492940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable ionogels have recently emerged as promising soft and safe ionic conductive materials for use in wearable and stretchable electrochemical devices. However, the complex preparation process and insufficient thermomechanical stability greatly limit the precise rapid fabrication and application of stretchable ionogels. Here, we report an in situ 3D printing method for fabricating high-performance single network chemical ionogels as advanced strain sensors. The ionogels consist of a special cross-linking network constructed by poly(ionic liquid) and hyperbranched polymer (macro-cross-linkers) that exhibits high stretchability (>1000%), superior room-temperature ionic conductivity (up to 5.8 mS/cm), and excellent thermomechanical stability (-75 to 250 °C). The strain sensors based on ionogels have a low response time (200 ms), high sensitivity with temperature independence, long-term durability (2000 cycles), and excellent temperature tolerance (-60 to 250 °C) and can be used as human motion sensors. This work provides a new strategy to design highly stretchable and superior stable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jiahang Liu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Hao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190P. R. China
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Zhou H, Wang M, Jin X, Liu H, Lai J, Du H, Chen W, Ma A. Capacitive Pressure Sensors Containing Reliefs on Solution-Processable Hydrogel Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1441-1451. [PMID: 33397087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive capacitive-type pressure sensor has been achieved by fabricating reliefs on solution-processable hydrogel electrodes. Hybrid PVA/PANI hydrogels (PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol); PANI, polyaniline) with a fully physically cross-linked binary network are selected as the electrodes of the pressure sensors. On the basis of the solution processability, reliefs are fabricated on the surface of PVA/PANI hydrogel electrodes by a template method. The gauge factor (GF) is enhanced by introducing reliefs and regulated by controlling the composition and relief dimension of hydrogel electrodes. The optimized pressure sensor containing reliefs achieves the highest GF of 7.70 kPa-1 and a sensing range of 0-7.4 kPa. Furthermore, the freezing and drying problems of the hydrogel sensors are overcome by introducing a binary solvent of water/glycerol and the pressure sensing ability at -18 °C has been achieved. Finally, monitoring of various pressures in daily life, such as joint bending, blowing, and brush writing, is demonstrated using such pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Mingcheng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xilang Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Liu
- Shaanxi Provincal Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Lai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Aijie Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
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40
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Liang Y, Sun X, Lv Q, Shen Y, Liang H. Fully physically cross-linked hydrogel as highly stretchable, tough, self-healing and sensitive strain sensors. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Lan J, Li Y, Yan B, Yin C, Ran R, Shi LY. Transparent Stretchable Dual-Network Ionogel with Temperature Tolerance for High-Performance Flexible Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37597-37606. [PMID: 32700894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A stretchable transparent double network ionogel composed of physically cross-linked poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-co-HFP)) and chemically cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butylmethacrylate) (P(MMA-co-BMA)) elastomer networks within [EMIM][TFSI] ionic liquid was fabricated through a facile one-pot thermal polymerization. The dual-network (DN) ionogel presents good mechanical performance (failure tensile stress 2.31 MPa, strain 307%) with a high loading of ionic liquid (70 wt %) for achieving required ionic conductivity (>0.1 S/m at room temperature). The transparent chemical cross-linked P(MMA-co-BMA) elastomer network endows high transparency (>93%) and high stretchability to the DN ionogel. The DN ionogel maintains good toughness, elasticity, and transparency in a wide temperature range (-40 to 80 °C) for the application in a harsh environment. In addition, the sensitivity of the DN ionogel to the change of environment temperature and deformation was detected and described. The practical potential of the DN ionogel in flexible electronic devices is further revealed by fabricating DN ionogel strain sensors to detect the movement of different human limbs including the bending of the finger, wrist, and elbow as well as the slight throat jitter during the swallowing and vocalization, showing fast response, high sensitivity, and good repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Lan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yueshan Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bin Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenxiao Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rong Ran
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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42
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Zhang L, Jiang D, Dong T, Das R, Pan D, Sun C, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Liu C, Guo Z. Overview of Ionogels in Flexible Electronics. CHEM REC 2020; 20:948-967. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 PR China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 PR China
- Post-doctoral Mobile Research Station of Forestry Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Tianhe Dong
- School of Landscape Architecture Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 PR China
| | - Rajib Das
- Rajib Das Process Engineer III Oxea Chemical company (OQ) Baycity Texas 77414 USA
| | - Duo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL) Department of Chemical Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Caiying Sun
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 PR China
| | - Zijian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology Harbin 150040 China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Zhengzhou Shenlan Power Technology Co.,Ltd Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL) Department of Chemical Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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43
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Self-repairing flexible strain sensors based on nanocomposite hydrogels for whole-body monitoring. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Choi HB, Oh J, Kim Y, Pyatykh M, Chang Yang J, Ryu S, Park S. Transparent Pressure Sensor with High Linearity over a Wide Pressure Range for 3D Touch Screen Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16691-16699. [PMID: 32180401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for display technology is expected to increase with the continuous spread of portable electronics and with the expected emergence of flexible, wearable, and transparent display devices. A touch screen is a critical component in display technology that enables user interface operations, and the future generation of touch screens, the so-called 3D touch screens, is expected to be able to detect multiple levels of pressure. To enable 3D touch screens, transparent pressure sensors with high linearity over a working range that encompasses the pressure range of human touch (10-100 kPa) are required. In this work, a transparent and linear capacitive pressure sensor is reported with a transmittance over 85% and high linearity (R2 = 0.995) over 5-100 kPa of pressure. To render the sensor transparent, a microstructured "hard" elastomer layer was filled in with a refractive index matching a "soft" elastomer layer, through which light scattering was minimized. High linearity was attained from the sensor's unique architecture that increases the effective area of the capacitor with applied pressure. These attributes render our sensor highly suitable for future 3D touch screen applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Byul Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikhail Pyatykh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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45
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Li S, Tao Y, Maryum P, Wang Q, Zhu J, Min F, Cheng H, Zhao S, Wang C. Bifunctional polyaniline electroconductive hydrogels with applications in supercapacitor and wearable strain sensors. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:938-953. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1731787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Yulun Tao
- College of Material Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Pakeeza Maryum
- College of Material Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Qingping Wang
- College of Material Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Jinbo Zhu
- College of Material Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Fanfei Min
- College of Material Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- College of Material Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Material Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
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46
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Synthesis of strong and highly stretchable, electrically conductive hydrogel with multiple stimuli responsive shape memory behavior. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Liang Y, Ye L, Sun X, Lv Q, Liang H. Tough and Stretchable Dual Ionically Cross-Linked Hydrogel with High Conductivity and Fast Recovery Property for High-Performance Flexible Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1577-1587. [PMID: 31794185 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of typical soft and wet material, hydrogel has been increasingly investigated as another way to develop flexible electronics. However, the traditional hydrogel with poor strain and strength performance cannot meet the requirements for stretchable electronics; fabricating a stretchable hydrogel with balanced tensile strength, toughness, and conductivity is still a big challenge. Herein, a new type of physically cross-linked hydrogel with poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)-Fe3+ and chitosan-SO42- dual ionic networks via facile free radical polymerization and soaking processes is developed to fabricate excellent high-performance flexible sensors. The abundant Fe3+ and SO42- ions in the hydrogel can not only construct tough and strong dual ionic networks but also give the hydrogel high conductivity. Consequently, the optimal hydrogel possesses high tensile strength (∼5.1 MPa), large strain capacity (∼1225%), elasticity (∼1.13 MPa), high toughness (∼32.1 MJ/m3), and high conductivity (3.04 S/m at f = 0.1M), as well as rapid self-recovery property. Furthermore, the hydrogel conductor has high stretching sensitivity with a gauge factor of 6.0 at strain of 700% and was able to detect conventional motions of the human body such as the motions of the knuckle, speaking, and swallowing, which indicates that our ionic conductive hydrogels can be used to fabricate excellent high-performance flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 China
| | - Lina Ye
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui 230601 , China
| | - Xingyue Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Qiong Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Haiyi Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
- IAT-Chungu Joint Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing, Institute of Advanced Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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48
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Zhou CG, Sun WJ, Jia LC, Xu L, Dai K, Yan DX, Li ZM. Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensor with Porous Segregated Conductive Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37094-37102. [PMID: 31512856 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors based on elastomeric conductive polymer composites (ECPCs) play an important role in wearable sensing electronics. However, the achievement of good conjunction between broad detection range and high sensitivity is still challenging. Herein, a highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor was developed with the formation of porous segregated conductive network in the carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane composite via a facile and nontoxic compression-molding plus salt-leaching method. The strain sensor with porous segregated conductive network exhibited perfect combination of ultrawide sensing range (800% strain), large sensitivity (gauge factor of 356.4), short response time (180 ms) and recovery time (180 ms), as well as superior stability and durability. The integrated porous structure intensifies the deformation of segregated conductive network when tension strain is applied, which benefits enhancement of the sensitivity. Our sensor could monitor not only subtle oscillation and physiological signals but also energetic human motions efficiently, revealing promising potential applications in wearable motion monitoring systems. This work provides a unique and effective strategy for realizing ECPCs based strain sensors with excellent comprehensive sensing performances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kun Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
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49
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Wang T, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhu X, Liu J, Min X, Cao T, Fan X. Smart Composite Hydrogels with pH-Responsiveness and Electrical Conductivity for Flexible Sensors and Logic Gates. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1564. [PMID: 31561467 PMCID: PMC6836247 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels have a wide range of applications due to their intelligent sensing of external environmental changes, which are important for smart switches, soft robotics, and flexible sensors. However, designing stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels with logical operation, such as smart switches, remains a challenge. In this study, we synthesized pH-responsive conductive hydrogels, based on the copolymer network of acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate doped with graphene oxide. Using the good flexibility and conductivity of these hydrogels, we prepared a flexible sensor that can realize the intelligent analysis of human body motion signals. Moreover, the pH-responsive conductive hydrogels were integrated with temperature-responsive conductive hydrogels to develop logic gates with sensing, analysis, and driving functions, which realized the intellectualization of conductive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Xuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Zichao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Xiuzhong Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Xin Min
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Tao Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
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