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Xia C, Shen X. Analysis of factors influencing on Electro-Fenton and research on combination technology (II): a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:46910-46948. [PMID: 38995339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The principle of Fenton reagent is to produce ·OH by mixing H2O2 and Fe2+ to realize the oxidation of organic pollutants, although Fenton reagent has the advantages of non-toxicity and short reaction time, but there are its related defects. The Fenton-like technology has been widely studied because of its various forms and better results than the traditional Fenton technology in terms of pollutant degradation efficiency. This paper reviews the electro-Fenton technology among the Fenton-like technologies and provides an overview of the homogeneous electro-Fenton. It also focuses on summarizing the effects of factors such as H2O2, reactant concentration, reactor volume and electrode quality, reaction time and voltage (potential) on the efficiency of electro-Fenton process. It is shown that appropriate enhancement of H2O2 concentration, voltage (potential) and reaction volume can help to improve the process efficiency; the process efficiency also can be improved by increasing the reaction time and electrode quality. Feeding modes of H2O2 have different effects on process efficiency. Finally, a considerable number of experimental studies have shown that the combination of electro-Fenton with ultrasound, anodic oxidation and electrocoagulation technologies is superior to the single electro-Fenton process in terms of pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjie Xia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 110870, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 110870, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Nosal-Wiercińska A, Martyna M, Szabelska A, Gołębiowska B. Catalysis of Indium Ion Electroreduction in the Presence of Acetazolamide in Chlorates(VII) Solutions with Varied Water Activity. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300789. [PMID: 38363084 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The influence of acetazolamide (ACT) on the kinetics and the mechanism of electroreduction of In(III) ions as a function of changes of the water activity was investigated using electrochemical methods (DC, SWV, CV and EIS, CV). The multi-step mechanism of the electroreduction process should take into account the dehydration step of indium ions and the presence of In-ACT (,,cap-pair" effect) active complexes, mediating electron transfer, located in the adsorption layer. Differences in the electrode mechanism in the presence of ACT were observed for higher chlorates(VII) concentrations (above 4 mol ⋅ dm-3 chlorates(VII)) reflected by a lack of step wise nature of the electrode process. The highest catalytic activity was observed in 4 mol ⋅ dm-3 chlorates(VII).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marlena Martyna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Szabelska
- Department of Prothetik Dentistry, Medical University in Lublin, Karmelicka Street 7, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Gołębiowska
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, III Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University in Lublin, Gębali Street 6, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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Yakamercan E, Bhatt P, Aygun A, Adesope AW, Simsek H. Comprehensive understanding of electrochemical treatment systems combined with biological processes for wastewater remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121680. [PMID: 37149253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of toxic pollutants in wastewater discharge can affect the environment negatively due to presence of the organic and inorganic contaminants. The application of the electrochemical process in wastewater treatment is promising, specifically in treating these harmful pollutants from the aquatic environment. This review focused on recent applications of the electrochemical process for the remediation of such harmful pollutants from aquatic environments. Furthermore, the process conditions that affect the electrochemical process performance are evaluated, and the appropriate treatment processes are suggested according to the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants. Electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, and electro-Fenton applications in wastewater have shown effective performance with high removal rates. The disadvantages of these processes are the formation of toxic intermediate metabolites, high energy consumption, and sludge generation. To overcome such disadvantages combined ecotechnologies can be applied in large-scale wastewater pollutants removal. The combination of electrochemical and biological treatment has gained importance, increased removal performance remarkably, and decreased operational costs. The critical discussion with depth information in this review could be beneficial for wastewater treatment plant operators throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yakamercan
- Department Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkiye
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Ahmet Aygun
- Department Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkiye
| | - Adedolapo W Adesope
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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4
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Gu X, Li J, Feng X, Qu W, Wang W, Wang J. Efficient removal of norfloxacin from water using batch airlift-electrocoagulation reactor: optimization and mechanisms analysis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8944-8954. [PMID: 36936850 PMCID: PMC10021078 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed an airlift-electrocoagulation (AL-EC) reactor to remove norfloxacin (NOR) from water. Six parameters influencing NOR removal were investigated, and the possible removal mechanism was proposed based on flocs characterization and intermediates analysis. The performances for treating different antibiotics and removing NOR from 3 types of water were also evaluated. The best NOR removal efficiency was obtained with the iron anode and aluminum cathode combination, a current density of 2 mA cm-2, an initial pH of 7, a treatment time of 32 minutes and an air flow rate of 200 mL min-1, the supporting electrolyte type was NaCl, and the initial NOR concentration was 10 mg L-1. Flocs adsorption and electrochemical oxidation were the main ways to remove NOR from water. The average removal efficiency of the AL-EC reactor exceeded 60% of the different antibiotic concentrations in artificial and real water. The highest NOR removal rate reached 93.48% with an operating cost of 0.153 USD m-3. The present work offers a strategy for NOR removal from water with high efficiency and low cost, showing a huge potential for the application of the AL-EC in antibiotic contaminated water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuege Gu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Xueting Feng
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Wenying Qu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
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5
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Lü X, Xu T, Zhou Y, Peng Q, Ou J, Hu B, Xie Z, Lei X, Yu G. Effect of iron ion configurations on Ni 2+ removal in electrocoagulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:823-834. [PMID: 36182186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) has been widely used to treat the heavy metal wastewater in industry. A novel process of sinusoidal alternating current electrocoagulation (SACC) is adopted to remove Ni2+ in wastewater in this study. The morphology of precipitates and the distribution of the main functional iron configurations were investigated. Ferron timed complex spectroscopy can identify the monomeric iron configurations [Fe(a)], oligomeric iron configurations [Fe(b)] and polymeric iron configurations [Fe(c)]. The optimal operating conditions of SACC process were determined through single-factor experiments. The maximum Ni2+ removal efficiency [Re(Ni2+)] was achieved under the conditions of pH0=7, current density (j) = 7 A/m2, electrolysis time (t) = 25 min, c0(Ni2+) = 100 mg/L. At pH=7, the proportion of Fe(b) and Fe(c) in the system was 50.4 at.% and 23.1 at.%, respectively. In the SACC process, Fe(b) and Fe(c) are the main iron configurations in solution, while Fe(c) are the vast majority of the iron configurations in the direct current electrocoagulation (DCC) process. Re(Ni2+) is 99.56% for SACC and 98.75% for DCC under the same optimum conditions, respectively. The precipitates produced by SACC have a high proportion of Fe(b) configurations with spherical α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH structures which contain abundant hydroxyl groups. Moreover, it is demonstrated that Fe(b) has better adsorption capacity than Fe(c) through adsorption experiments of methyl orange (MO) dye. Fe(a) configurations in the homogeneous solution had no effect on the removal of nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qingjuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinhua Ou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China.
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Xiping Lei
- Hunan Zihong Ecology Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Zhao J, Jiang W, Wang H, Zhang H, Wang J, Yang J, Lin D, Liang H. Ferrate-enhanced electrocoagulation/ultrafiltration system on municipal secondary effluent treatment: Identify synergistic contribution of coagulant and oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lu J, Fan R, Wu H, Zhang W, Li J, Zhang X, Sun H, Liu D. Simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from acid wastewater by electrocoagulation using sacrificial metal anodes. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang L, Zhang B, Zhao B, Yang S, Wu K, Sun J, Hu C. Demulsification performance and mechanism of oil droplets by electrocoagulation: Role of surfactant. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 118:171-180. [PMID: 35305766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are widely used to improve the solubility of oil in water in petrochemical, making it more difficult to remove oil-water emulsions during the water treatment process. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an appropriate method for treating oily wastewater and destabilizing emulsions. However, the demulsification mechanism of oil-water droplets emulsified by surfactants with different charges have not been investigated systematically. The demulsification performance of electrocoagulation on emulsions wastewater containing cationic, non-ionic, and anionic surfactants was studied. The results showed that the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) in oily wastewater with anionic surfactant by EC reached 92.98% ± 0.40% at a current density of 1 mA/cm2, while that of the non-ionic surfactant was 84.88% ± 0.63%. The characterization of flocs showed that EC has the highest coagulation and demulsification of oil droplets with a negative charge on the surface (-70.50 ± 10.25 mV), which indicated that the charge neutralization of oil droplets was beneficial for the destabilization of the formed oily flocs. However, when the zeta potential of the oil droplets reached 75.50 ± 1.25 mV, the TOC removal efficiency was only 11.80% ± 1.43%. The TOC removal could achieve 33.23% ± 3.21% when the current density improved from 1 mA/cm2 to 10 mA/cm2. The enhanced removal was due to the sweep coagulation rather than charge neutralization. This study provides a fundamental basis for the electrochemical treatment of oily wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Saiguo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Xie S, Li C, Liao P, Wang J, Chen J, Qian A, Zhang Y, Wei T, Cheng D, Jia M. Experimental and modeling evidence of hydroxyl radical production in iron electrocoagulation as a new mechanism for contaminant transformation in bicarbonate electrolyte. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118662. [PMID: 35640510 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron electrocoagulation is designed for sustainable high-efficiency and high-flexibility water purification applications. Recent advances reported that hydroxyl radicals (•OH)-based oxidative transformation of organic contaminants can occur in iron electrocoagulation. However, there is still a lack of mechanistic understanding the production of •OH in bicarbonate electrolyte, which presents a critical knowledge gap in the optimization of iron electrocoagulation technology towards practical application. Combined with contaminant degradation, radical quenching experiments, and spectroscopic techniques, we found that •OH was produced at rate of 16.1 μM∙h - 1 during 30-mA iron electrocoagulation in bicarbonate electrolyte through activation of O2 by Fe(II) under pH-neutral conditions. High yield of •OH occurred at pH 8.5, likely due to high adsorbed Fe(II) that can activate O2 to enhance •OH production. Mössbauer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements substantiated that Fe(II)-adsorbed lepidocrocite was the dominant solid Fe(II) species at pH 8.5. A process-based kinetic modeling was developed to describe the dynamic of •OH production, Fe(II) oxidation, and contaminant degradation processes in iron electrocoagulation. Findings of this study extend the functionality of electrocoagulation from phase separation to •OH-based advanced oxidation process, which provides a new perspective for the development of electrocoagulation-based next generation sustainable water purification technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Xie
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Peng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Jingfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Jingan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Ao Qian
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Taoyuan Wei
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, China
| | - Mengqi Jia
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Bracher GH, Carissimi E, Wolff DB, Glusczak AG, Graepin C. Performance of an electrocoagulation-flotation system in the treatment of domestic wastewater for urban reuse. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49439-49456. [PMID: 35583758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Domestic wastewater is an important alternative source of water in the face of a growing discrepancy between water availability and demand. The use of techniques that enable the urban reuse of treated sewage is essential to make cities more sustainable and resilient to water scarcity. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of an electrocoagulation-flotation system in the treatment of domestic wastewater for urban reuse. The study was performed using raw domestic wastewater samples. The electrocoagulation-flotation system was a cylindrical reactor with aluminum electrodes. The treatment conditions involved agitation at 262.5 rpm, electrical current of 1.65 A, electrolysis time of 25 min, an initial pH of 6, and inter-electrode distance of 1 cm. Overall, the electrocoagulation-flotation system was highly efficient for removal of apparent color (97.9%), chemical oxygen demand (82.9%), turbidity (95.8%), and orthophosphate phosphorous (> 98.2%). The electrocoagulation-flotation system had a consumption of electrical energy ranging from 9.5 to 13.3 kWh m-3, electrode mass from 294.7 to 557.0 g m-3, and hydrochloric acid from 4.3 to 6.6 L m-3. Sludge production in the system ranged from 1,125.7 to 1,835.7 g m-3. Treated wastewater had a satisfactory quality for several urban reuse activities. The electrocoagulation-flotation system showed potential to be used for domestic wastewater treatment for urban reuse purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Holz Bracher
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, Camobi, RS, 97105‑900, Brazil.
| | - Elvis Carissimi
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, Camobi, RS, 97105‑900, Brazil
| | - Delmira Beatriz Wolff
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, Camobi, RS, 97105‑900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Gabriela Glusczak
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, Camobi, RS, 97105‑900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Graepin
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, Camobi, RS, 97105‑900, Brazil
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Zhao J, Wang J, Lin D, Liu Y, Zhang H, Tang X, Li G, Liang H. Electrical-based ultrafiltration processes enhanced by in-situ generation of Fe(III): Significance of permanganate oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134066. [PMID: 35202663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a permanganate-assisted electrocoagulation-ultrafiltration (PEC-UF) process was proposed to control membrane fouling in the treatment of secondary effluent. Four comparable systems, i.e., UF, electro-UF (E-UF), electrocoagulation-UF (EC-UF), and PEC-UF, were investigated to systematically clarify the role of permanganate and electrocoagulation in mitigating membrane fouling. Results revealed that the formation of a dense cake layer containing concentrated solutes was the primary reason for membrane fouling. Electrocoagulation significantly mitigated membrane fouling and resulted in the reduction of the normalized transmembrane pressure of the EC-UF and PEC-UF systems by 35.0% and 44.6% compared with the UF control system, respectively. However, the retention of a considerable amount of iron oxyhydroxide precipitates on the membrane surface aggravated inorganic fouling in the in-situ EC-UF system. Furthermore, the enhanced formation of Fe(III) by oxidation of Fe(II) with permanganate promoted the coagulation process. Hence, increased generation of Fe(III) and enhanced coagulation promoted by formed MnOx accelerated the formation of a hydrophilic cake layer with high porosity and thereby reduced the occurrence of both organic and inorganic membrane fouling. These results demonstrated the potential application of permanganate-assisted in-situ electrical-based methods to control UF membrane fouling during advanced wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Dachao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yatao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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Solcova O, Krystynik P, Dytrych P, Bumba J, Kastanek F. Typical groundwater contamination in the vicinity of industrial brownfields and basic methods of their treatment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113325. [PMID: 35182798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The article deals with simple methods of decontamination of groundwater from the vicinity of brownfields contaminated with organic and inorganic substances. In the literature, thousands of articles on this issue at various sophisticated levels of knowledge can be found. The articles are mostly suitable as an extension of scientific knowledge; however, regarding potential costs and respectively scale-up problems, the applications are limited. It turns out that the vast majority of contaminated water can be effectively decontaminated by simple methods, in a coagulation-sedimentation sequence → simple oxidation and reduction methods for separated water (Fenton reaction, photocatalysis, ozonation, reductive dehalogenation with zero metals) → adsorption of remaining pollutants on simple sorbents, eg on biochar → (possibly bioremediation or advanced physical methods such as membrane filtration) → final purification on activated carbon. Due to the usually limited volume loads of soils with pollutants in the vicinity of brownfields, it is not economically advantageous to build demanding decontamination units for water purification. Usually, the simplest solution is the system to pump-and-treat around the source of contamination, with the main emphasis on highly effective removal of pollutants from water that returns underground. Groundwater was taken from boreholes leading to the saturated zone in the vicinity of several selected industrial brownfields. The solutions are shown on individual typical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Solcova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krystynik
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environment, University of J. E. Purkyne, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Dytrych
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Bumba
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kastanek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Peng Q, Xu W, Qi W, Hu C, Liu H, Qu J. Removal of p-arsanilic acid and phenylarsonic acid from water by Fenton coagulation process: influence of substituted amino group. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63319-63329. [PMID: 34227010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenylarsonic acid compounds, which were widely used in poultry and swine production, are often introduced to agricultural soils with animal wastes. Fenton coagulation process is thought as an efficient method to remove them. However, the substituted amino group could apparently influence the removal efficiency in Fenton coagulation process. Herein, we investigated the optimal conditions to treat typical organoarsenic contaminants (p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) and phenylarsonic acid (PAA)) in aqueous solution based on Fenton coagulation process for oxidizing them and capturing the released inorganic arsenic, and elucidated the influence mechanism of substituted amino group on removal. Results showed that the pH value and the dosage of H2O2 and Fe2+ significantly influenced the performance of the oxidation and coagulation processes. The optimal conditions for removing 20 mg L-1-As in this research were 40mg L-1 Fe2+ and 60mg L-1 H2O2 (the mass ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 = 1.5), initial solution pH of 3.0, and final solution pH of 5.0 adjusting after 30-min Fenton oxidation reaction. Meanwhile, the substituted amino group made p-ASA much more easily be attacked by ·OH than PAA and supply one more binding sites for forming complexes with Fe3+ hydrolysates, resulting in 36% higher oxidation rate and 7% better coagulation performance at the optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Lu J, Zhang P, Li J. Electrocoagulation technology for water purification: An update review on reactor design and some newly concerned pollutants removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113259. [PMID: 34256295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage and quality deterioration are plaguing people all over the world. Providing sustainable and affordable treatment solutions to these problems is a need of the hour. Electrocoagulation (EC) technology is a burgeoning alternative for effective water treatment, which offers the virtues such as compact equipment, easy operation, and low sludge production. Compared to other water purification technologies, EC shows excellent removal efficacy for a wide range of contaminants in water and has great potential for addressing limitations of conventional water purification technologies. This review summarizes the latest development of principle, characteristics, and reactor design of EC. The design of key parameters including reactor shape, power supply type, current density, as well as electrode configuration is further elaborated. In particular, typical water treatment systems powered by renewable energy (solar photovoltaic and wind turbine systems) are proposed. Further, this review provides an overview on expanded application of EC in the removal of some newly concerned pollutants in recent years, including arsenite, perfluorinated compounds, pharmaceuticals, oil, bacteria, and viruses. The removal efficiency and mechanisms of these pollutants are also discussed. Finally, future research trend and focus are further recommended. This review can bridge the large knowledge gap for the EC application that is beneficial for environmental researchers and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
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15
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Electrocoagulation Process: An Approach to Continuous Processes, Reactors Design, Pharmaceuticals Removal, and Hybrid Systems—A Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocoagulation (EC) process has been widely studied in recent years to remove a wide range of contaminants present in different types of water: fluorides, arsenic, heavy metals, organic matter, colorants, oils, and recently, pharmaceutical compounds. However, most of the studies have been aimed at understanding the process factors that have the most significant effect on efficiency, and these studies have been mainly on a batch process. Therefore, this review is focused on elucidating the current state of development of this process and the challenges it involves transferring to continuous processes and the recent exploration of its potential use in the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants and its implementation with other technologies.
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16
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Abstract
High concentrations of pharmaceuticals have been detected in greywater effluents treated using up-to-date technologies. Finding a suitable additional treatment before this effluent is reused is urgently needed to ensure the reused water meets quality standards. This paper reports the use of heterogeneous photocatalysis on anatase and rutile nanopowders to remove naproxen, metformin and sulfamethoxazole, at practically relevant concentrations found in membrane bioreactor (MBR)-treated greywater. A low anatase concentration of 400 mg L−1 was sufficient to efficiently degrade the pharmaceuticals listed above, with complete degradation observed in 5 h. The effect of background species presented in greywater was, to some extent, comparable to that of the OH-radical scavenger. These results prove that photocatalysis using anatase TiO2 is a feasible additional treatment for greywater recycling.
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Kumari S, Kumar RN. River water treatment using electrocoagulation for removal of acetaminophen and natural organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128571. [PMID: 33268098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) was assessed for removal of acetaminophen and natural organic matter (measured as UV254) from river water. Process was assessed for time, electrode materials, inter electrode distance, and voltage. Best conditions for removal of acetaminophen and UV254 absorbance were 60 min reaction time, aluminum-aluminum electrodes, 2 cm inter electrode distance, and 9 V. Acetaminophen tested at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg L-1 showed that treatment efficiency decreased as the concentration increased. The main mechanism for removal of acetaminophen was H bonding with Al(OH)3 flocs; this was confirmed by XRD and FT-IR spectrum. Pseudo-second order kinetics model exhibited a good fit on experimental data for acetaminophen removal at different concentrations. Univariate ANOVA indicated statistically significant difference between treatments for acetaminophen removal (F2.76 = 136, P = <0.001). A significant linear correlation was found between UV254 absorbance and acetaminophen removal at different concentrations. Preliminary analysis suggest that EC will cost US$ 0.22/m3 for river water treatment. The lab-scale EC process was compared with a full-scale water treatment plant for removal of natural organic matter. Water treatment plant after multiple levels of purification was not able to fully remove UV254 absorbance whereas EC treatment showed good efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kumari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - R Naresh Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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Yu Y, Zhong Y, Wang M, Guo Z. Electrochemical behavior of aluminium anode in super-gravity field and its application in copper removal from wastewater by electrocoagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129614. [PMID: 33482514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anodic passivation is a key problem to reduce the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) process. Super-gravity technology was introduced into EC process to enhance the treatment of heavy metal wastewater using pure aluminum electrode. The results showed that the removal ratio of Cu increased, and the cell voltage decreased with the increase of gravity coefficient, suggesting a promoting effect of super-gravity field on electrocoagulation process. Electrochemical behavior of aluminium anode in super-gravity field was analyzed by potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that anodic polarization behavior of aluminium showed a typical characteristic of dissolution in super-gravity, rather than passivation in normal gravity. The type of anode dissolution changed from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion in super-gravity field. The outer oxidized film of anode was thinning, and more Al3+ ions were released by anode dissolution, which was attributed to the super-gravity enhancement of the mass transfer process of Cl- ions. In addition, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the flocs generated in super-gravity field had amorphous and looser Al-O framework structure. As a result, the efficiency of EC process was improved by super-gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yiwei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Mingyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Zhancheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Ahmadi A, Wu T. Towards full cell potential utilization during water purification using Co/Bi/TiO2 nanotube electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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