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Ege D, Boccaccini AR. Investigating the Effect of Processing and Material Parameters of Alginate Dialdehyde-Gelatin (ADA-GEL)-Based Hydrogels on Stiffness by XGB Machine Learning Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:415. [PMID: 38790283 PMCID: PMC11117982 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To address the limitations of alginate and gelatin as separate hydrogels, partially oxidized alginate, alginate dialdehyde (ADA), is usually combined with gelatin to prepare ADA-GEL hydrogels. These hydrogels offer tunable properties, controllable degradation, and suitable stiffness for 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering applications. Several processing variables affect the final properties of the hydrogel, including degree of oxidation, gelatin content and type of crosslinking agent. In addition, in 3D-printed structures, pore size and the possible addition of a filler to make a hydrogel composite also affect the final physical and biological properties. This study utilized datasets from 13 research papers, encompassing 33 unique combinations of ADA concentration, gelatin concentration, CaCl2 and microbial transglutaminase (mTG) concentrations (as crosslinkers), pore size, bioactive glass (BG) filler content, and one identified target property of the hydrogels, stiffness, utilizing the Extreme Boost (XGB) machine learning algorithm to create a predictive model for understanding the combined influence of these parameters on hydrogel stiffness. The stiffness of ADA-GEL hydrogels is notably affected by the ADA to GEL ratio, and higher gelatin content for different ADA gel concentrations weakens the scaffold, likely due to the presence of unbound gelatin. Pore size and the inclusion of a BG particulate filler also have a significant impact on stiffness; smaller pore sizes and higher BG content lead to increased stiffness. The optimization of ADA-GEL composition and the inclusion of BG fillers are key determinants to tailor the stiffness of these 3D printed hydrogels, as found by the analysis of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ege
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Rasathane St., Kandilli, 34684 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
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2
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Charoenchokpanich W, Muangrod P, Roytrakul S, Rungsardthong V, Wonganu B, Charoenlappanit S, Casanova F, Thumthanaruk B. Exploring the Model of Cefazolin Released from Jellyfish Gelatin-Based Hydrogels as Affected by Glutaraldehyde. Gels 2024; 10:271. [PMID: 38667690 PMCID: PMC11048929 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its excellent biocompatibility and ease of biodegradation, jellyfish gelatin has gained attention as a hydrogel. However, hydrogel produced from jellyfish gelatin has not yet been sufficiently characterized. Therefore, this research aims to produce a jellyfish gelatin-based hydrogel. The gelatin produced from desalted jellyfish by-products varied with the part of the specimen and extraction time. Hydrogels with gelatin: glutaraldehyde ratios of 10:0.25, 10:0.50, and 10:1.00 (v/v) were characterized, and their cefazolin release ability was determined. The optimal conditions for gelatin extraction and chosen for the development of jellyfish hydrogels (JGel) included the use of the umbrella part of desalted jellyfish by-products extracted for 24 h (WU24), which yielded the highest gel strength (460.02 g), viscosity (24.45 cP), gelling temperature (12.70 °C), and melting temperature (22.48 °C). The quantities of collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain A, collagen alpha-1(XXI) chain, and collagen alpha-2(IX) chain in WU24 may influence its gel properties. Increasing the glutaraldehyde content in JGel increased the gel fraction by decreasing the space between the protein chains and gel swelling, as glutaraldehyde binds with lateral amino acid residues and produces a stronger network. At 8 h, more than 80% of the cefazolin in JGel (10:0.25) was released, which was higher than that released from bovine hydrogel (52.81%) and fish hydrogel (54.04%). This research is the first report focused on the production of JGel using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiriya Charoenchokpanich
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (W.C.); (P.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Pratchaya Muangrod
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (W.C.); (P.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Vilai Rungsardthong
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (W.C.); (P.M.); (V.R.)
- Food and Agro-Industry Research Center, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Center for Food Industry Innovation Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Benjamaporn Wonganu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand;
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Federico Casanova
- Research Group for Food Production Engineering, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 28000 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Benjawan Thumthanaruk
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (W.C.); (P.M.); (V.R.)
- Food and Agro-Industry Research Center, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Center for Food Industry Innovation Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
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3
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Kim M, Schöbel L, Geske M, Boccaccini AR, Ghorbani F. Bovine serum albumin-modified 3D printed alginate dialdehyde-gelatin scaffolds incorporating polydopamine/SiO 2-CaO nanoparticles for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130666. [PMID: 38453119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing allows precise manufacturing of bone scaffolds for patient-specific applications and is one of the most recently developed and implemented technologies. In this study, bilayer and multimaterial alginate dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) scaffolds incorporating polydopamine (PDA)/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes were 3D printed using a pneumatic extrusion-based 3D printing technology and further modified on the surface with bovine serum albumin (BSA) for application in bone regeneration. The morphology, chemistry, and in vitro bioactivity of PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes were characterized (n = 3) and compared with those of mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanoparticles. Successful deposition of the PDA layer on the surface of the SiO2-CaO nanoparticles allowed better dispersion in a liquid medium and showed enhanced bioactivity. Rheological studies (n = 3) of ADA-GEL inks consisting of PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes showed results that may indicate better injectability and printability behavior compared to ADA-GEL inks incorporating unmodified nanoparticles. Microscopic observations of 3D printed scaffolds revealed that PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes introduced additional topography onto the surface of 3D printed scaffolds. Additionally, the modified scaffolds were mechanically stable and elastic, closely mimicking the properties of natural bone. Furthermore, protein-coated bilayer scaffolds displayed controllable absorption and biodegradation, enhanced bioactivity, MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, proliferation, and higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (n = 3) compared to unmodified scaffolds. Consequently, the present results confirm that ADA-GEL scaffolds incorporating PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes modified with BSA offer a promising approach for bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJoo Kim
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Schöbel
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Geske
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.
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Willems C, Qi F, Trutschel ML, Groth T. Functionalized Gelatin/Polysaccharide Hydrogels for Encapsulation of Hepatocytes. Gels 2024; 10:231. [PMID: 38667650 PMCID: PMC11048940 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases represent a considerable burden to patients and healthcare systems. Hydrogels play an important role in the engineering of soft tissues and may be useful for embedding hepatocytes for different therapeutic interventions or the development of in vitro models to study the pathogenesis of liver diseases or testing of drugs. Here, we developed two types of hydrogels by crosslinking hydrazide-functionalized gelatin with either oxidized dialdehyde hyaluronan or alginate through the formation of hydrazone bonds. Gel formulations were studied through texture analysis and rheometry, showing mechanical properties comparable to those of liver tissue while also demonstrating long-term stability. The biocompatibility of hydrogels and their ability to host hepatocytes was studied in vitro in comparison to pure gelatin hydrogels crosslinked by transglutaminase using the hepatocellular line HepG2. It was found that HepG2 cells could be successfully embedded in the hydrogels, showing no signs of gel toxicity and proliferating in a 3D environment comparable to pure transglutaminase cross-linked gelatin hydrogels used as control. Altogether, hydrazide gelatin in combination with oxidized polysaccharides makes stable in situ gelling systems for the incorporation of hepatocytes, which may pave the way for use in liver tissue engineering and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Willems
- Department of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (C.W.); (F.Q.)
| | - Fangdi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (C.W.); (F.Q.)
| | - Marie-Luise Trutschel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (C.W.); (F.Q.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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5
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Bider F, Miola M, Clejanu CE, Götzelmann J, Kuth S, Vernè E, Basu B, Boccaccini AR. 3D bioprinting of multifunctional alginate dialdehyde (ADA)-gelatin (GEL) (ADA-GEL) hydrogels incorporating ferulic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128449. [PMID: 38029911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The present work explores the 3D extrusion printing of ferulic acid (FA)-containing alginate dialdehyde (ADA)-gelatin (GEL) scaffolds with a wide spectrum of biophysical and pharmacological properties. The tailored addition of FA (≤0.2 %) increases the crosslinking between FA and GEL in the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and microbial transglutaminase, as confirmed using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) assay. In agreement with an increase in crosslinking density, a higher viscosity of ADA-GEL with FA incorporation was achieved, leading to better printability. Importantly, FA release, enzymatic degradation and swelling were progressively reduced with an increase in FA loading to ADA-GEL, over 28 days. Similar positive impact on antibacterial properties with S. epidermidis strains as well as antioxidant properties were recorded. Intriguingly, FA incorporated ADA-GEL supported murine pre-osteoblast proliferation with reduced osteosarcoma cell proliferation over 7 days in culture, implicating potential anticancer property. Most importantly, FA-incorporated and cell-encapsulated ADA-GEL can be extrusion printed to shape fidelity-compliant multilayer scaffolds, which also support pre-osteoblast cells over 7 days in culture. Taken together, the present study has confirmed the significant potential of 3D bioprinting of ADA-GEL-FA ink to obtain structurally stable scaffolds with a broad spectrum of biophysical and therapeutically significant properties, for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faina Bider
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marta Miola
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Corina-Elena Clejanu
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Götzelmann
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Kuth
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Enrica Vernè
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Ozhava D, Bektas C, Lee K, Jackson A, Mao Y. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Size-Sorted Gelatin Hydrogel Microparticles Show Enhanced In Vitro Wound Healing Activities. Gels 2024; 10:97. [PMID: 38391427 PMCID: PMC10887759 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for innovative therapeutic interventions to expedite wound healing, particularly in vulnerable populations such as aging and diabetic patients, has prompted the exploration of novel strategies. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy emerges as a promising avenue for treating acute and chronic wounds. However, its clinical application faces persistent challenges, notably the low survivability and limited retention time of engraftment in wound environments. Addressing this, a strategy to sustain the viability and functionality of human MSCs (hMSCs) in a graft-able format has been identified as crucial for advanced wound care. Hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) emerge as promising entities in the field of wound healing, showcasing versatile capabilities in delivering both cells and bioactive molecules/drugs. In this study, gelatin HMPs (GelMPs) were synthesized via an optimized mild processing method. GelMPs with distinct diameter sizes were sorted and characterized. The growth of hMSCs on GelMPs with various sizes was evaluated. The release of wound healing promoting factors from hMSCs cultured on different GelMPs were assessed using scratch wound assays and gene expression analysis. GelMPs with a size smaller than 100 microns supported better cell growth and cell migration compared to larger sizes (100 microns or 200 microns). While encapsulation of hMSCs in hydrogels has been a common route for delivering viable hMSCs, we hypothesized that hMSCs cultured on GelMPs are more robust than those encapsulated in hydrogels. To test this hypothesis, hMSCs were cultured on GelMPs or in the cross-linked methacrylated gelatin hydrogel (GelMA). Comparative analysis of growth and wound healing effects revealed that hMSCs cultured on GelMPs exhibited higher viability and released more wound healing activities in vitro. This observation highlights the potential of GelMPs, especially those with a size smaller than 100 microns, as a promising carrier for delivering hMSCs in wound healing applications, providing valuable insights for the optimization of advanced therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ozhava
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Cumra Vocational School, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Cemile Bektas
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kathleen Lee
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anisha Jackson
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yong Mao
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Seymour AJ, Kilian D, Navarro RS, Hull SM, Heilshorn SC. 3D printing microporous scaffolds from modular bioinks containing sacrificial, cell-encapsulating microgels. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7598-7615. [PMID: 37824082 PMCID: PMC10842430 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Microgel-based biomaterials have inherent porosity and are often extrudable, making them well-suited for 3D bioprinting applications. Cells are commonly introduced into these granular inks post-printing using cell infiltration. However, due to slow cell migration speeds, this strategy struggles to achieve depth-independent cell distributions within thick 3D printed geometries. To address this, we leverage granular ink modularity by combining two microgels with distinct functions: (1) structural, UV-crosslinkable microgels made from gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and (2) sacrificial, cell-laden microgels made from oxidized alginate (AlgOx). We hypothesize that encapsulating cells within sacrificial AlgOx microgels would enable the simultaneous introduction of void space and release of cells at depths unachievable through cell infiltration alone. Blending the microgels in different ratios produces a family of highly printable GelMA : AlgOx microgel inks with void fractions ranging from 0.03 to 0.35. As expected, void fraction influences the morphology of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) within GelMA : AlgOx inks. Crucially, void fraction does not alter the ideal HUVEC distribution seen throughout the depth of 3D printed samples. This work presents a strategy for fabricating constructs with tunable porosity and depth-independent cell distribution, highlighting the promise of microgel-based inks for 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Seymour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Kilian
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Renato S Navarro
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Sarah M Hull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Shahriari-Khalaji M, Sattar M, Cao R, Zhu M. Angiogenesis, hemocompatibility and bactericidal effect of bioactive natural polymer-based bilayer adhesive skin substitute for infected burned wound healing. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:177-195. [PMID: 37520303 PMCID: PMC10384635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal wounds are complex and lethal with irregular shapes, risk of infection, slow healing, and large surface area. The mortality rate in patients with infected burns is twice that of non-infected burns. Developing multifunctional skin substitutes to augment the healing rate of infected burns is vital. Herein, we 3D printed a hydrogel scaffold comprising carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs) and oxidized alginate grafted catechol (O-AlgCat) on a hydrophobic electrospun layer, forming a bilayer skin substitute (BSS). The functional layer (FL) was fabricated by physiochemical crosslinking to ensure favorable biodegradability. The gallium-containing hydrophobic electrospun layer or backing layer (BL) could mimic the epidermis of skin, avoiding fluid penetration and offering antibacterial activity. 3D printed FL contains catechol, gallium, and biologically active platelet rich fibrin (PRF) to adhere to both tissue and BL, show antibacterial activity, encourage angiogenesis, cell growth, and migration. The fabricated bioactive BSS exhibited noticeable adhesive properties (P ≤ 0.05), significant antibacterial activity (P ≤ 0.05), faster clot formation, and the potential to promote proliferation (P ≤ 0.05) and migration (P ≤ 0.05) of L929 cells. Furthermore, the angiogenesis was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) when evaluated in vivo and in ovo. The BSS-covered wounds healed faster due to low inflammation and high collagen density. Based on the obtained results, the fabricated bioactive BSS could be an effective treatment for infected burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shahriari-Khalaji
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mamoona Sattar
- Research Group of Microbiological Engineering and Medical Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ran Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Shen KH, Chiu TH, Teng KC, Yu J, Yeh YC. Fabrication of triple-crosslinked gelatin/alginate hydrogels for controlled release applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126133. [PMID: 37543263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been demonstrated as smart drug carriers to recognize the tumor microenvironment for cancer treatment, where the dynamic crosslinks in the hydrogel network contribute to the stimuli-responsive features but also result in poor stability and weak mechanical property of the hydrogels. Here, phenylboronic acid-grafted polyethyleneimine (PBA-PEI)-modified gelatin (PPG) was synthesized to crosslink alginate dialdehyde (ADA) through imine bonds and boronate ester bonds, and then calcium ions (Ca2+) were added to introduce the third calcium-carboxylate crosslinking in the network to form the triple-crosslinked PPG/ADA-Ca2+ hydrogels. Given the three types of dynamic bonds in the network, PPG/ADA-Ca2+ hydrogels possessed a self-healing manner, stimuli-responsiveness, and better mechanical properties compared to single- or double-crosslinked hydrogels. The controlled release capability of PPG/ADA-Ca2+ hydrogels was also demonstrated, showing the encapsulated molecules can be rapidly released from the hydrogel network in the presence of hydrogen peroxide while the release rate can be slowed down at acidic pH. Furthermore, PPG/ADA-Ca2+ hydrogels presented selected cytotoxicity and drug delivery to cancer cells due to the regulated degradation by the cellular microenvironment. Taken together, PPG/ADA-Ca2+ hydrogels have been demonstrated as promising biomaterials with multiple desirable properties and dynamic features to perform controlled molecule release for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Han Shen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsiang Chiu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chih Teng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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10
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Kim NG, Kim SC, Kim TH, Je JY, Lee B, Lee SG, Kim YM, Kang HW, Qian ZJ, Kim N, Jung WK. Ishophloroglucin A-based multifunctional oxidized alginate/gelatin hydrogel for accelerating wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125484. [PMID: 37348579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential applicability of wound dressing hydrogels for tissue engineering, focusing on their ability to deliver pharmacological agents and absorb exudates. Specifically, we explored the use of polyphenols, as they have shown promise as bioactive and cross-linking agents in hydrogel fabrication. Ishophloroglucin A (IPA), a polyphenol not previously utilized in tissue engineering, was incorporated as both a drug and cross-linking agent within the hydrogel. We integrated the extracted IPA, obtained through the utilization of separation and purification techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) into oxidized alginate (OA) and gelatin (GEL) hydrogels. Our findings revealed that the mechanical properties, thermal stability, swelling, and degradation of the multifunctional hydrogel can be modulated via intermolecular interactions between the natural polymer and IPA. Moreover, the controlled release of IPA endows the hydrogel with antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics. Overall, the wound healing efficacy, based on intermolecular interactions and drug potency, has been substantiated through accelerated wound closure and collagen deposition in an ICR mouse full-thickness wound model. These results suggest that incorporating IPA into natural polymers as both a drug and cross-linking agent has significant implications for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Gyun Kim
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Chang Kim
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Major of Human Bioconvergence, School of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518114, Guangdong, China
| | - Namwon Kim
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization (MSEC), Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ritschl L, Schilling P, Wittmer A, Bohner M, Bernstein A, Schmal H, Seidenstuecker M. Composite material consisting of microporous beta-TCP ceramic and alginate-dialdehyde-gelatin for controlled dual release of clindamycin and bone morphogenetic protein 2. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:39. [PMID: 37498466 PMCID: PMC10374674 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce a composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate-gelatin crosslinked hydrogel, clindamycin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) to prolong the drug-release behaviour for up to 28 days. The most promising alginate-di-aldehyde(ADA)-gelatin gel for drug release from microcapsules was used to fill microporous β-TCP ceramics under directional flow in a special loading chamber. Dual release of clindamycin and BMP-2 was measured on days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 21 and 28 by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After release, the microbial efficacy of the clindamycin was checked and the biocompatibility of the composite was tested in cell culture. Clindamycin and the model substance FITC-protein A were released from microcapsules over 28 days. The clindamycin burst release was 43 ± 1%. For the loaded ceramics, a clindamycin release above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) until day 9 and a burst release of 90.56 ± 2.96% were detected. BMP-2 was released from the loaded ceramics in low concentrations over 28 days. The release of active substances from β-TCP and hydrogel have already been extensively studied. Directional flow loading is a special procedure in which the ceramic could act as a stabilizer in the bone and, as a biodegradable system, enables a single-stage surgical procedure. Whether ADA-gelatin gel is suitable for this procedure as a more biodegradable alternative to pure alginate or whether a dual release is possible in this composite has not yet been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ritschl
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Pia Schilling
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Bohner
- Robert Mathys Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, 2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Anke Bernstein
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidenstuecker
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
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12
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Wang J, Liu S, Huang J, Ren K, Zhu Y, Yang S. Alginate: Microbial production, functionalization, and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125048. [PMID: 37236570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alginates are natural polysaccharides widely participating in food, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications due to their excellent gelling capacity. Their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability further extend their application to biomedical fields. The low consistency in molecular weight and composition of algae-based alginates may limit their performance in advanced biomedical applications. It makes microbial alginate production more attractive due to its potential for customizing alginate molecules with stable characteristics. Production costs remain the primary factor limiting the commercialization of microbial alginates. However, carbon-rich wastes from sugar, dairy, and biodiesel industries may serve as potential substitutes for pure sugars for microbial alginate production to reduce substrate costs. Fermentation parameter control and genetic engineering strategies may further improve the production efficiency and customize the molecular composition of microbial alginates. To meet the specific needs of biomedical applications, alginates may need functionalization, such as functional group modifications and crosslinking treatments, to achieve enhanced mechanical properties and biochemical activities. The development of alginate-based composites incorporated with other polysaccharides, gelatin, and bioactive factors can integrate the advantages of each component to meet multiple requirements in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications. This review provided a comprehensive insight into the sustainable production of high-value microbial alginates. It also discussed recent advances in alginate modification strategies and alginate-based composites for representative biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; The Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Kexin Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Siying Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
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13
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Schulik J, Salehi S, Boccaccini AR, Schrüfer S, Schubert DW, Arkudas A, Kengelbach-Weigand A, Horch RE, Schmid R. Comparison of the Behavior of 3D-Printed Endothelial Cells in Different Bioinks. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:751. [PMID: 37508778 PMCID: PMC10376299 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials with characteristics similar to extracellular matrix and with suitable bioprinting properties are essential for vascular tissue engineering. In search for suitable biomaterials, this study investigated the three hydrogels alginate/hyaluronic acid/gelatin (Alg/HA/Gel), pre-crosslinked alginate di-aldehyde with gelatin (ADA-GEL), and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with respect to their mechanical properties and to the survival, migration, and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, the behavior of HUVECs was compared with their behavior in Matrigel. For this purpose, HUVECs were mixed with the inks both as single cells and as cell spheroids and printed using extrusion-based bioprinting. Good printability with shape fidelity was determined for all inks. The rheological measurements demonstrated the gelling consistency of the inks and shear-thinning behavior. Different Young's moduli of the hydrogels were determined. However, all measured values where within the range defined in the literature, leading to migration and sprouting, as well as reconciling migration with adhesion. Cell survival and proliferation in ADA-GEL and GelMA hydrogels were demonstrated for 14 days. In the Alg/HA/Gel bioink, cell death occurred within 7 days for single cells. Sprouting and migration of the HUVEC spheroids were observed in ADA-GEL and GelMA. Similar behavior of the spheroids was seen in Matrigel. In contrast, the spheroids in the Alg/HA/Gel ink died over the time studied. It has been shown that Alg/HA/Gel does not provide a good environment for long-term survival of HUVECs. In conclusion, ADA-GEL and GelMA are promising inks for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schulik
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Chair of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schrüfer
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk W Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Kengelbach-Weigand
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rafael Schmid
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Karakaya E, Schöbel L, Zhong Y, Hazur J, Heid S, Forster L, Teßmar J, Boccaccini AR, Detsch R. How to Determine a Suitable Alginate for Biofabrication Approaches using an Extensive Alginate Library? Biomacromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Karakaya
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Lisa Schöbel
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Yu Zhong
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jonas Hazur
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Susanne Heid
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Leonard Forster
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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15
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Modification, 3D printing process and application of sodium alginate based hydrogels in soft tissue engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123450. [PMID: 36709808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sodium alginate (SA) is an inexpensive and biocompatible biomaterial with fast and gentle crosslinking that has been widely used in biological soft tissue repair/regeneration. Especially with the advent of 3D bioprinting technology, SA hydrogels have been applied more deeply in tissue engineering due to their excellent printability. Currently, the research on material modification, molding process and application of SA-based composite hydrogels has become a hot topic in tissue engineering, and a lot of fruitful results have been achieved. To better help readers have a comprehensive understanding of the development status of SA based hydrogels and their molding process in tissue engineering, in this review, we summarized SA modification methods, and provided a comparative analysis of the characteristics of various SA based hydrogels. Secondly, various molding methods of SA based hydrogels were introduced, the processing characteristics and the applications of different molding methods were analyzed and compared. Finally, the applications of SA based hydrogels in tissue engineering were reviewed, the challenges in their applications were also analyzed, and the future research directions were prospected. We believe this review is of great helpful for the researchers working in biomedical and tissue engineering.
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16
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An injectable and pH-responsive hyaluronic acid hydrogel as metformin carrier for prevention of breast cancer recurrence. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120493. [PMID: 36641175 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the pH-responsive release of metformin in tumor acidic microenvironment, we prepared OHA-Met by covalently grafting metformin (Met) onto oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) through imine bonds, and then prepared carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/OHA-Met drug loaded hydrogels. The CMCS/OHA-Met hydrogels showed the in-situ injection performance. At pH = 7.4, the cumulative release rate of metformin from CMCS/OHA-Met20 hydrogel was 42.7 ± 2.6 % in 6 h, and the release tended to balance after 72 h. At pH = 5.5, the release kept constant and the cumulative release rate was 79.3 ± 4.7 % at 6 h, showing good pH-responsive behavior. Metformin induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through the caspase 3/PARP pathway. CMCS/OHA-Met20 hydrogel could effectively kill MCF-7 cells, while reducing the cytotoxicity of free metformin to L929 cells. In vivo breast cancer recurrence experiments showed CMCS/OHA-Met20 hydrogel could achieve local injection and pH-responsive smart drug delivery at the tumor resection site, inhibiting breast cancer recurrence. Compared with direct administration, CMCS/OHA-Met20 hydrogel reduced the metformin dosage, frequency of administration and systemic side effects.
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17
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Kara Özenler A, Distler T, Tihminlioglu F, Boccaccini AR. Fish scale containing alginate dialdehyde-gelatin bioink for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36706451 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb6b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of biomaterial inks suitable for biofabrication and mimicking the physicochemical properties of the extracellular matrix is essential for the application of bioprinting technology in tissue engineering (TE). The use of animal-derived proteinous materials, such as jellyfish collagen, or fish scale (FS) gelatin (GEL), has become an important pillar in biomaterial ink design to increase the bioactivity of hydrogels. However, besides the extraction of proteinous structures, the use of structurally intact FS as an additive could increase biocompatibility and bioactivity of hydrogels due to its organic (collagen) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite) contents, while simultaneously enhancing mechanical strength in three-dimensional (3D) printing applications. To test this hypothesis, we present here a composite biomaterial ink composed of FS and alginate dialdehyde (ADA)-GEL for 3D bioprinting applications. We fabricate 3D cell-laden hydrogels using mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. We evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties of FS incorporated ADA-GEL biomaterial inks as well as the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of cell-laden hydrogels. Due to the distinctive collagen orientation of the FS, the compressive strength of the hydrogels significantly increased with increasing FS particle content. Addition of FS also provided a tool to tune hydrogel stiffness. FS particles were homogeneously incorporated into the hydrogels. Particle-matrix integration was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. FS incorporation in the ADA-GEL matrix increased the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in comparison to pristine ADA-GEL, as FS incorporation led to increased ALP activity and osteocalcin secretion of MC3T3-E1 cells. Due to the significantly increased stiffness and supported osteoinductivity of the hydrogels, FS structure as a natural collagen and hydroxyapatite source contributed to the biomaterial ink properties for bone engineering applications. Our findings indicate that ADA-GEL/FS represents a new biomaterial ink formulation with great potential for 3D bioprinting, and FS is confirmed as a promising additive for bone TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Kara Özenler
- Department of Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35433, Turkey.,Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Thomas Distler
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Funda Tihminlioglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35433, Turkey
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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18
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Weizel A, Distler T, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Seitz H, Budday S. Time-dependent hyper-viscoelastic parameter identification of human articular cartilage and substitute materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105618. [PMID: 36566662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerical simulations are a valuable tool to understand which processes during mechanical stimulations of hydrogels for cartilage replacement influence the behavior of chondrocytes and contribute to the success or failure of these materials as implants. Such simulations critically rely on the correct prediction of the material response through appropriate material models and corresponding parameters. In this study, we identify hyper-viscoelastic material parameters for numerical simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics® v. 5.6 for human articular cartilage and two replacement materials, the commercially available ChondroFillerliquid and oxidized alginate gelatin (ADA-GEL) hydrogels. We incorporate the realistic experimental boundary conditions into an inverse parameter identification scheme based on data from multiple loading modes simultaneously, including cyclic compression-tension and stress relaxation experiments. We provide individual parameter sets for the unconditioned and conditioned responses and discuss how viscoelastic effects are related to the materials' microstructure. ADA-GEL and ChondroFillerliquid exhibit faster stress relaxation than cartilage with lower relaxation time constants, while cartilage has the largest viscoelastic stress contribution. The elastic response predominates in ADA-GEL and ChondroFillerliquid, while the viscoelastic response predominates in cartilage. These results will help to simulate mechanical stimulations, support the development of suitable materials with distinct mechanical properties in the future and provide parameters and insight into the time-dependent material behavior of human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weizel
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - T Distler
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Seitz
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Budday
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Garshasbi HR, Naghib SM. Smart Stimuli-responsive Alginate Nanogels for Drug Delivery Systems and Cancer Therapy: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3546-3562. [PMID: 38115614 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128283806231211073031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are three-dimensional networks at the nanoscale level that can be fabricated through physical or chemical processes using polymers. These nanoparticles' biocompatibility, notable stability, efficacious drug-loading capacity, and ligand-binding proficiency make them highly suitable for employment as drug-delivery vehicles. In addition, they exhibit the ability to react to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli, which may include factors such as temperature, illumination, pH levels, and a diverse range of other factors. This facilitates the consistent administration of the drug to the intended site. Alginate biopolymers have been utilized to encapsulate anticancer drugs due to their biocompatible nature, hydrophilic properties, and cost-effectiveness. The efficacy of alginate nano gel-based systems in cancer treatment has been demonstrated through multiple studies that endorse their progress toward clinical implementation. This paper comprehensively reviews alginate and its associated systems in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Garshasbi
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 1684613114, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 1684613114, Iran
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20
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Antezana PE, Municoy S, Orive G, Desimone MF. Design of a New 3D Gelatin-Alginate Scaffold Loaded with Cannabis sativa Oil. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4506. [PMID: 36365500 PMCID: PMC9658303 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing medical need for the development of new materials that could replace damaged organs, improve healing of critical wounds or provide the environment required for the formation of a new healthy tissue. The three-dimensional (3D) printing approach has emerged to overcome several of the major deficiencies of tissue engineering. The use of Cannabis sativa as a therapy for some diseases has spread throughout the world thanks to its benefits for patients. In this work, we developed a bioink made with gelatin and alginate that was able to be printed using an extrusion 3D bioprinter. The scaffolds obtained were lyophilized, characterized and the swelling was assessed. In addition, the scaffolds were loaded with Cannabis sativa oil extract. The presence of the extract provided antimicrobial and antioxidant activity to the 3D scaffolds. Altogether, our results suggest that the new biocompatible material printed with 3D technology and with the addition of Cannabis sativa oil could become an attractive alternative to common treatments of soft-tissue infections and wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Edmundo Antezana
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sofía Municoy
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Martín Federico Desimone
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
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21
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Ghorbani F, Kim M, Monavari M, Ghalandari B, Boccaccini AR. Mussel-inspired polydopamine decorated alginate dialdehyde-gelatin 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:940070. [PMID: 36003531 PMCID: PMC9393248 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.940070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study utilized extrusion-based 3D printing technology to fabricate calcium-cross-linked alginate dialdehyde-gelatin scaffolds for bone regeneration. The surface of polymeric constructs was modified with mussel-derived polydopamine (PDA) in order to induce biomineralization, increase hydrophilicity, and enhance cell interactions. Microscopic observations revealed that the PDA layer homogeneously coated the surface and did not appear to induce any distinct change in the microstructure of the scaffolds. The PDA-functionalized scaffolds were more mechanically stable (compression strength of 0.69 ± 0.02 MPa) and hydrophilic (contact angle of 26) than non-modified scaffolds. PDA-decorated ADA-GEL scaffolds demonstrated greater durability. As result of the 18-days immersion in simulated body fluid solution, the PDA-coated scaffolds showed satisfactory biomineralization. Based on theoretical energy analysis, it was shown that the scaffolds coated with PDA interact spontaneously with osteocalcin and osteomodulin (binding energy values of −35.95 kJ mol−1 and −46.39 kJ mol−1, respectively), resulting in the formation of a protein layer on the surface, suggesting applications in bone repair. PDA-coated ADA-GEL scaffolds are capable of supporting osteosarcoma MG-63 cell adhesion, viability (140.18% after 7 days), and proliferation. In addition to increased alkaline phosphatase secretion, osteoimage intensity also increased, indicating that the scaffolds could potentially induce bone regeneration. As a consequence, the present results confirm that 3D printed PDA-coated scaffolds constitute an intriguing novel approach for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Farnaz Ghorbani, ; Aldo R. Boccaccini,
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mahshid Monavari
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Behafarid Ghalandari
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Farnaz Ghorbani, ; Aldo R. Boccaccini,
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22
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A thermo-sensitive hydrogel composed of methylcellulose/hyaluronic acid/silk fibrin as a biomimetic extracellular matrix to simulate breast cancer malignancy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Stagnoli S, Garro C, Ertekin O, Heid S, Seyferth S, Soria G, Mariano Correa N, Leal-Egaña A, Boccaccini AR. Topical Systems for the Controlled Release of Antineoplastic Drugs: Oxidized Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogel/Unilamellar Vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 629:1066-1080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Varaprasad K, Karthikeyan C, Yallapu MM, Sadiku R. The significance of biomacromolecule alginate for the 3D printing of hydrogels for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:561-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Gelatin Nanoparticles for Targeted Dual Drug Release out of Alginate-di-Aldehyde-Gelatin Gels. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060365. [PMID: 35735709 PMCID: PMC9222291 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to develop a dual staged drug release of an antibiotic (clindamycin) and a growth factor: bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) from a biodegradable system consisting of hydrogel and gelatin nanoparticles (GNP). Two-step de-solvation allowed us to prepare GNPs (~100 nm) as drug carriers. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated protein A was used as a model substance for BMP-2. A 28-day release experiment was performed to determine the release kinetics from GNP for both FITC-protein A and BMP-2, and for clindamycin (CLI) from the hydrogel. The size, structure, and overall morphology of GNP samples (empty, loaded with FITC-protein A and BMP-2) were examined using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Cell culture assays (Live/dead; cell proliferation; cytotoxicity) were performed with MG-63 cells and BMP-2-loaded GNPs. Drug release experiments using clindamycin-loaded alginate-di-aldehyde (ADA) gelatin gels containing the drug-loaded GNPs were performed for 28 days. The resulting GNPs showed an empty size of 117 ± 29 nm, 176 ± 15 nm and 216 ± 36 nm when containing 2% FITC-protein A and 1% BMP-2, respectively. No negative effects of BMP-2-loaded GNPs on MG-63 cells were observed in live/dead staining. In the proliferation assay, an increase in cell proliferation was observed for both GNPs (GNP + BMP-2 and controls). The cytotoxicity assay continuously showed very low cytotoxicity for GNPs (empty; loaded). Clindamycin release showed a concentration of 25-fold higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus throughout the 28 day period. BMP-2 showed a reduced burst release and a steady release (~2 µg/mL) over a 28 day period.
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26
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Kara A, Distler T, Polley C, Schneidereit D, Seitz H, Friedrich O, Tihminlioglu F, Boccaccini AR. 3D printed gelatin/decellularized bone composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Fabrication, characterization and cytocompatibility study. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100309. [PMID: 35757025 PMCID: PMC9213825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the design of personalized scaffolds with tunable pore size and composition. Combining decellularization and 3D printing techniques provides the opportunity to fabricate scaffolds with high potential to mimic native tissue. The aim of this study is to produce novel decellularized bone extracellular matrix (dbECM)-reinforced composite-scaffold that can be used as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. Decellularized bone particles (dbPTs, ∼100 μm diameter) were obtained from rabbit femur and used as a reinforcement agent by mixing with gelatin (GEL) in different concentrations. 3D scaffolds were fabricated by using an extrusion-based bioprinter and crosslinking with microbial transglutaminase (mTG) enzyme, followed by freeze-drying to obtain porous structures. Fabricated 3D scaffolds were characterized morphologically, mechanically, and chemically. Furthermore, MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblast cells were seeded on the dbPTs reinforced GEL scaffolds (GEL/dbPTs) and cultured for 21 days to assess cytocompatibility and cell attachment. We demonstrate the 3D-printability of dbPTs-reinforced GEL hydrogels and the achievement of homogenous distribution of the dbPTs in the whole scaffold structure, as well as bioactivity and cytocompatibility of GEL/dbPTs scaffolds. It was shown that Young's modulus and degradation rate of scaffolds were enhanced with increasing dbPTs content. Multiphoton microscopy imaging displayed the interaction of cells with dbPTs, indicating attachment and proliferation of cells around the particles as well as into the GEL-particle hydrogels. Our results demonstrate that GEL/dbPTs hydrogel formulations have potential for bone tissue engineering.
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28
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Hyperelastic parameter identification of human articular cartilage and substitute materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Kuth S, Karakaya E, Reiter N, Schmidt L, Paulsen F, Teßmar J, Budday S, Boccaccini AR. Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid-Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Soft Tissue Mimicking. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:301-313. [PMID: 35216525 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are ideal materials for mimicking and engineering soft tissue. Hyaluronic acid is a linear polysaccharide native to the human extracellular matrix. In this study, we first develop and characterize two hydrogel compositions built from oxidized HA and gelatin with and without alginate-di-aldehyde (ADA) crosslinked by ionic and enzymatic agents with potential applications in soft tissue engineering and tissue mimicking structures. The stability under incubation conditions was improved by adjusting crosslinking times. Through large-strain mechanical measurements, the hydrogels' properties were compared to human brain tissue and the samples containing ADA revealed similar mechanical properties to the native tissue specimens in cyclic compression-tension. In vitro characterization demonstrated a high viability of encapsulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts and a spreading of the cells in case of ADA-free samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kuth
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emine Karakaya
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Reiter
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Budday
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels as Potential Drug Delivery Systems-State of Knowledge and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084421. [PMID: 35457239 PMCID: PMC9031066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast advances in polymer science have provided new hydrogels for applications in drug delivery. Among modern drug formulations, polymeric type stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRHs), also called smart hydrogels, deserve special attention as they revealed to be a promising tool useful for a variety of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In fact, the basic feature of these systems is the ability to change their mechanical properties, swelling ability, hydrophilicity, or bioactive molecules permeability, which are influenced by various stimuli, particularly enzymes. Indeed, among a great number of SHRs, enzyme-responsive hydrogels (ERHs) gain much interest as they possess several potential biomedical applications (e.g., in controlled release, drug delivery, etc.). Such a new type of SHRs directly respond to many different enzymes even under mild conditions. Therefore, they show either reversible or irreversible enzyme-induced changes both in chemical and physical properties. This article reviews the state-of-the art in ERHs designed for controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs). Principal enzymes used for biomedical hydrogel preparation were presented and different ERHs were further characterized focusing mainly on glucose oxidase-, β-galactosidase- and metalloproteinases-based catalyzed reactions. Additionally, strategies employed to produce ERHs were described. The current state of knowledge and the discussion were made on successful applications and prospects for further development of effective methods used to obtain ERH as DDSs.
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Jena SR, Dalei G, Das S, Nayak J, Pradhan M, Samanta L. Harnessing the potential of dialdehyde alginate-xanthan gum hydrogels as niche bioscaffolds for tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:493-506. [PMID: 35276297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic hydrogels composed of natural polysaccharides have invariably blossomed as niche biomaterials in tissue engineering applications. The prospects of creating an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like milieu from such hydrogels has garnered considerable importance. In this study, we have fabricated bioscaffolds comprising dialdehyde alginate and xanthan gum and explored their potential use in tissue regeneration. The fabricated scaffolds displayed an interconnected porous network structure that is highly desirable for the aforesaid application. The scaffolds were endowed with good mechanical properties, thermostability, protein adsorption efficacy and degradability. Curcumin-loaded hydrogels exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against E. coli. In vitro cytocompatibility studies revealed that the scaffolds promoted adhesion and proliferation of 3T3 fibroblast cells. The Western blot analysis of p53 gene indicated no growth arrest or apoptosis in 3T3 cells thus, signifying the non-toxic nature of the scaffolds. Furthermore, the ECM formation was confirmed via SDS-PAGE analysis. The overall results clearly validated these scaffolds as effectual biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ranjan Jena
- Redox Biology & Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Centre of Excellence in Environment and Public Health, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 753003, Odisha, India
| | - Ganeswar Dalei
- Department of Chemistry, Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Subhraseema Das
- Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 753003, Odisha, India.
| | - Jasmine Nayak
- Redox Biology & Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Centre of Excellence in Environment and Public Health, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 753003, Odisha, India
| | - Manoranjan Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Jhadeswar College of Engineering and Technology, Balasore 756056, Odisha, India
| | - Luna Samanta
- Redox Biology & Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Centre of Excellence in Environment and Public Health, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 753003, Odisha, India.
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32
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Zhu H, Monavari M, Zheng K, Distler T, Ouyang L, Heid S, Jin Z, He J, Li D, Boccaccini AR. 3D Bioprinting of Multifunctional Dynamic Nanocomposite Bioinks Incorporating Cu-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104996. [PMID: 35102718 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting has seen significant progress in recent years for the fabrication of bionic tissues with high complexity. However, it remains challenging to develop cell-laden bioinks exhibiting superior physiochemical properties and bio-functionality. In this study, a multifunctional nanocomposite bioink is developed based on amine-functionalized copper (Cu)-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (ACuMBGNs) and a hydrogel formulation relying on dynamic covalent chemistry composed of alginate dialdehyde (oxidized alginate) and gelatin, with favorable rheological properties, improved shape fidelity, and structural stability for extrusion-based bioprinting. The reversible dynamic microenvironment in combination with the impact of cell-adhesive ligands introduced by aminated particles enables the rapid spreading (within 3 days) and high survival (>90%) of embedded human osteosarcoma cells and immortalized mouse bone marrow-derived stroma cells. Osteogenic differentiation of primary mouse bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) and angiogenesis are promoted in the bioprinted alginate dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL or AG)-ACuMBGN scaffolds without additional growth factors in vitro, which is likely due to ion stimulation from the incorporated nanoparticles and possibly due to cell mechanosensing in the dynamic matrix. In conclusion, it is envisioned that these nanocomposite bioinks can serve as promising platforms for bioprinting complex 3D matrix environments providing superior physiochemical and biological performance for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mahshid Monavari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Distler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liliang Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Susanne Heid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhaorui Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Xie Y, Gao P, He F, Zhang C. Application of Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Hemostasis. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020109. [PMID: 35200490 PMCID: PMC8871293 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage, as a common trauma injury and clinical postoperative complication, may cause serious damage to the body, especially for patients with huge blood loss and coagulation dysfunction. Timely and effective hemostasis and avoidance of bleeding are of great significance for reducing body damage and improving the survival rate and quality of life of patients. Alginate is considered to be an excellent hemostatic polymer-based biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, easy gelation and easy availability. In recent years, alginate hydrogels have been more and more widely used in the medical field, and a series of hemostatic related products have been developed such as medical dressings, hemostatic needles, transcatheter interventional embolization preparations, microneedles, injectable hydrogels, and hemostatic powders. The development and application prospects are extremely broad. This manuscript reviews the structure, properties and history of alginate, as well as the research progress of alginate hydrogels in clinical applications related to hemostasis. This review also discusses the current limitations and possible future development prospects of alginate hydrogels in hemostatic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chun Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-85726712
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34
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Khoshnood N, Zamanian A. Development of novel alginate‐polyethyleneimine cell‐laden bioink designed for 3D bioprinting of cutaneous wound healing scaffolds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Khoshnood
- Biomaterials Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC) Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Zamanian
- Biomaterials Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC) Tehran Iran
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35
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Barbosa MAG, Xavier CPR, Pereira RF, Petrikaitė V, Vasconcelos MH. 3D Cell Culture Models as Recapitulators of the Tumor Microenvironment for the Screening of Anti-Cancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:190. [PMID: 35008353 PMCID: PMC8749977 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, innovative three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have been proposed as viable and biomimetic alternatives for initial drug screening, allowing the improvement of the efficiency of drug development. These models are gaining popularity, given their ability to reproduce key aspects of the tumor microenvironment, concerning the 3D tumor architecture as well as the interactions of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix and surrounding non-tumor cells. The development of accurate 3D models may become beneficial to decrease the use of laboratory animals in scientific research, in accordance with the European Union's regulation on the 3R rule (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). This review focuses on the impact of 3D cell culture models on cancer research, discussing their advantages, limitations, and compatibility with high-throughput screenings and automated systems. An insight is also given on the adequacy of the available readouts for the interpretation of the data obtained from the 3D cell culture models. Importantly, we also emphasize the need for the incorporation of additional and complementary microenvironment elements on the design of 3D cell culture models, towards improved predictive value of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie A. G. Barbosa
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.G.B.); (C.P.R.X.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristina P. R. Xavier
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.G.B.); (C.P.R.X.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rúben F. Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Biofabrication Group, INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus g 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.G.B.); (C.P.R.X.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Rosiak P, Latanska I, Paul P, Sujka W, Kolesinska B. Modification of Alginates to Modulate Their Physic-Chemical Properties and Obtain Biomaterials with Different Functional Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:7264. [PMID: 34885846 PMCID: PMC8659150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified alginates have a wide range of applications, including in the manufacture of dressings and scaffolds used for regenerative medicine, in systems for selective drug delivery, and as hydrogel materials. This literature review discusses the methods used to modify alginates and obtain materials with new or improved functional properties. It discusses the diverse biological and functional activity of alginates. It presents methods of modification that utilize both natural and synthetic peptides, and describes their influence on the biological properties of the alginates. The success of functionalization depends on the reaction conditions being sufficient to guarantee the desired transformations and provide modified alginates with new desirable properties, but mild enough to prevent degradation of the alginates. This review is a literature description of efficient methods of alginate functionalization using biologically active ligands. Particular attention was paid to methods of alginate functionalization with peptides, because the combination of the properties of alginates and peptides leads to the obtaining of conjugates with properties resulting from both components as well as a completely new, different functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rosiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Ilona Latanska
- Tricomed S.A., Swietojanska 5/9, 93-493 Lodz, Poland; (I.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Paulina Paul
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Witold Sujka
- Tricomed S.A., Swietojanska 5/9, 93-493 Lodz, Poland; (I.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Beata Kolesinska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.R.); (P.P.)
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Zhou Y, Liao S, Chu Y, Yuan B, Tao X, Hu X, Wang Y. An injectable bioink with rapid prototyping in the air and in-situmild polymerization for 3D bioprinting. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34488216 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac23e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an attractive technology for building tissues from scratch to explore entire new cell configurations, which brings numerous opportunities for biochemical research such as engineering tissues for therapeutic tissue repair or drug screening. However, bioprinting is faced with the limited number of suitable bioinks that enable bioprinting with excellent printability, high structural fidelity, physiological stability, and good biocompatibility, particularly in the case of extrusion-based bioprinting. Herein, we demonstrate a composite bioink based on gelatin, bacterial cellulose (BC), and microbial transglutaminase (mTG enzyme) with outstanding printing controllability and durable architectural integrity. BC, as a rheology modifier and mechanical enhancer component, endows the bioink with shear-thinning behavior. Moreover, the printed structure becomes robust under physiological conditions owing to thein situchemical crosslinking catalyzed by mTG enzyme. Lattice, bowl, meniscus, and ear structures are printed to demonstrate the printing feasibility of such a composite bioink. Furthermore, the 3D-printed cell-laden constructs are proved to be a conducive biochemical environment that supports growth and proliferation of the encapsulated cellsin vitro. In addition, thein vivostudies convince that the composite bioink possesses excellent biocompatibility and biodegradation. It is believed that the innovation of this new composite bioink will push forward the bioprinting technology onto a new stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanji Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglei Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Hu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
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Geng Z, Ji Y, Yu S, Liu Q, Zhou Z, Guo C, Lu D, Pei D. Preparation and characterization of a dual cross-linking injectable hydrogel based on sodium alginate and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt. Carbohydr Res 2021; 507:108389. [PMID: 34265515 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of cheap and easily available injectable hydrogel is an urgent problem in the field of biomedical engineering. Herein, we used chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and sodium alginate to prepare a dual crosslinking hydrogel. The hydrogel formed in-situ crosslinking and can be injected continuously. Interestingly, the formed hydrogel possessed a homogeneous 3D network structure and exhibited reasonable mechanical properties. Moreover, the hydrogels had excellent injectability, and the compression strength of the hydrogel (Gel-0.5) was up to 27.65 kPa. Additionally, the hydrogel showed good biocompatibility that evaluated by cytotoxicity. Notably, the hydrogel was nontoxic toward NIH-3T3 cells. In summary, the hydrogel we produced can be used as an ideal biomaterial for further applications in the field of biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Geng
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
| | - Yuxing Ji
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
| | | | - Zongbao Zhou
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
| | - Daohuan Lu
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Dating Pei
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
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Muscle-inspired double-network hydrogels with robust mechanical property, biocompatibility and ionic conductivity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117936. [PMID: 33838813 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by muscle architectures, double network hydrogels with hierarchically aligned structures were fabricated, where cross-linked cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/chitosan hydrogel threads obtained by interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation spinning were collected in alignment as the first network, while isotropic poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PAM-AA) served as the second network. After further cross-linking using Fe3+, the hydrogel showed an outstanding mechanical performance, owing to effective energy dissipation of the oriented asymmetric double networks. The average strength and elongation-at-break of PAM-AA/CNF/Fe3+ hydrogel were 11 MPa and 480 % respectively, which the strength was comparative to that of biological tissues. The aligned CNFs in the hydrogels provided probable ion transport channels, contributing to the high ionic conductivity, which was up to 0.022 S/cm when the content of LiCl was 1.5 %. Together with superior biocompatibility, the well-ordered hydrogel showed a promising potential in biological applications, such as artificial soft tissue materials and muscle-like sensors for human motion monitoring.
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Distler T, Polley C, Shi F, Schneidereit D, Ashton MD, Friedrich O, Kolb JF, Hardy JG, Detsch R, Seitz H, Boccaccini AR. Electrically Conductive and 3D-Printable Oxidized Alginate-Gelatin Polypyrrole:PSS Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001876. [PMID: 33711199 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive hydrogels can be used to influence cell response and maturation by electrical stimulation. However, hydrogel formulations which are 3D printable, electroactive, cytocompatible, and allow cell adhesion, remain a challenge in the design of such stimuli-responsive biomaterials for tissue engineering. Here, a combination of pyrrole with a high gelatin-content oxidized alginate-gelatin (ADA-GEL) hydrogel is reported, offering 3D-printability of hydrogel precursors to prepare cytocompatible and electrically conductive hydrogel scaffolds. By oxidation of pyrrole, electroactive polypyrrole:polystyrenesulfonate (PPy:PSS) is synthesized inside the ADA-GEL matrix. The hydrogels are assessed regarding their electrical/mechanical properties, 3D-printability, and cytocompatibility. It is possible to prepare open-porous scaffolds via bioplotting which are electrically conductive and have a higher cell seeding efficiency in scaffold depth in comparison to flat 2D hydrogels, which is confirmed via multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. The formation of an interpenetrating polypyrrole matrix in the hydrogel matrix increases the conductivity and stiffness of the hydrogels, maintaining the capacity of the gels to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. The results demonstrate that a 3D-printable ADA-GEL can be rendered conductive (ADA-GEL-PPy:PSS), and that such hydrogel formulations have promise for cell therapies, in vitro cell culture, and electrical-stimulation assisted tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Distler
- Institute of Biomaterials Department of Material Science and Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Christian Polley
- Chair of Microfluidics Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rostock Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Fukun Shi
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP) Greifswald 17489 Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Erlangen 91052 Germany
| | - Mark. D. Ashton
- Department of Chemistry Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
- Materials Science Institute Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Erlangen 91052 Germany
| | - Jürgen F. Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP) Greifswald 17489 Germany
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
- Materials Science Institute Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials Department of Material Science and Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Chair of Microfluidics Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rostock Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials Department of Material Science and Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany
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Wang P, Sun Y, Shi X, Shen H, Ning H, Liu H. Bioscaffolds embedded with regulatory modules for cell growth and tissue formation: A review. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1283-1307. [PMID: 33251379 PMCID: PMC7662879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for artificial organs has greatly increased because of various aging-associated diseases and the wide need for organ transplants. A recent trend in tissue engineering is the precise reconstruction of tissues by the growth of cells adhering to bioscaffolds, which are three-dimensional (3D) structures that guide tissue and organ formation. Bioscaffolds used to fabricate bionic tissues should be able to not only guide cell growth but also regulate cell behaviors. Common regulation methods include biophysical and biochemical stimulations. Biophysical stimulation cues include matrix hardness, external stress and strain, surface topology, and electromagnetic field and concentration, whereas biochemical stimulation cues include growth factors, proteins, kinases, and magnetic nanoparticles. This review discusses bioink preparation, 3D bioprinting (including extrusion-based, inkjet, and ultraviolet-assisted 3D bioprinting), and regulation of cell behaviors. In particular, it provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and devices for regulating cell growth and tissue formation and the effects of biophysical and biochemical stimulations on cell behaviors. In addition, the fabrication of bioscaffolds embedded with regulatory modules for biomimetic tissue preparation is explained. Finally, challenges in cell growth regulation and future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Wang
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoquan Shi
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huixing Shen
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haohao Ning
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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Dong Y, Zhao S, Lu W, Chen N, Zhu D, Li Y. Preparation and characterization of enzymatically cross-linked gelatin/cellulose nanocrystal composite hydrogels. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10794-10803. [PMID: 35423562 PMCID: PMC8695773 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00965f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is an attractive hydrogel material because of its excellent biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity, but poor mechanical properties of gelatin-based hydrogels become a big obstacle that limits their wide-spread application. To solve it, in this work, gelatin/cellulose nanocrystal composite hydrogels (Gel-TG-CNCs) were prepared using microbial transglutaminase (mTG) as the crosslinking catalyst and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as reinforcements. The physicochemical properties of the composite hydrogels were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dynamic rheological measurement and uniaxial compression test were performed to study the effects of mTG and CNC contents on the storage modulus and breaking strength of the as-prepared Gel-TG-CNCs. Results showed that the addition of CNCs and mTG could significantly increase the storage modulus and breaking strength of gelatin-based hydrogels, especially when added simultaneously. The breaking strength of Gel-TG-CNCs (2%) at 25 °C can reach 1000 g which is 30 times greater than pure gelatin hydrogels. The biocompatibility of the composite hydrogels was also investigated by the MTT method with Hela cells, and the results demonstrated that the composite hydrogels maintained excellent biocompatibility. With a combination of good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, the as-prepared Gel-TG-CNCs showed potential application value in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Dong
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Shouwei Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Wenhui Lu
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Deyi Zhu
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Yanchun Li
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
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Mechanical Properties of the Composite Material consisting of β-TCP and Alginate-Di-Aldehyde-Gelatin Hydrogel and Its Degradation Behavior. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051303. [PMID: 33803101 PMCID: PMC7963194 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to determine the influence of two hydrogels (alginate, alginate-di-aldehyde (ADA)/gelatin) on the mechanical strength of microporous ceramics, which have been loaded with these hydrogels. For this purpose, the compressive strength was determined using a Zwick Z005 universal testing machine. In addition, the degradation behavior according to ISO EN 10993-14 in TRIS buffer pH 5.0 and pH 7.4 over 60 days was determined, and its effects on the compressive strength were investigated. The loading was carried out by means of a flow-chamber. The weight of the samples (manufacturer: Robert Mathys Foundation (RMS) and Curasan) in TRIS solutions pH 5 and pH 7 increased within 4 h (mean 48 ± 32 mg) and then remained constant over the experimental period of 60 days. The determination surface roughness showed a decrease in the value for the ceramics incubated in TRIS compared to the untreated ceramics. In addition, an increase in protein concentration in solution was determined for ADA gelatin-loaded ceramics. The macroporous Curasan ceramic exhibited a maximum failure load of 29 ± 9.0 N, whereas the value for the microporous RMS ceramic was 931 ± 223 N. Filling the RMS ceramic with ADA gelatin increased the maximum failure load to 1114 ± 300 N. The Curasan ceramics were too fragile for loading. The maximum failure load decreased for the RMS ceramics to 686.55 ± 170 N by incubation in TRIS pH 7.4 and 651 ± 287 N at pH 5.0.
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Genç H, Hazur J, Karakaya E, Dietel B, Bider F, Groll J, Alexiou C, Boccaccini AR, Detsch R, Cicha I. Differential Responses to Bioink-Induced Oxidative Stress in Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2358. [PMID: 33652991 PMCID: PMC7956320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydrogel system based on oxidized alginate covalently crosslinked with gelatin (ADA-GEL) has been utilized for different biofabrication approaches to design constructs, in which cell growth, proliferation and migration have been observed. However, cell-bioink interactions are not completely understood and the potential effects of free aldehyde groups on the living cells have not been investigated. In this study, alginate, ADA and ADA-GEL were characterized via FTIR and NMR, and their effect on cell viability was investigated. In the tested cell lines, there was a concentration-dependent effect of oxidation degree on cell viability, with the strongest cytotoxicity observed after 72 h of culture. Subsequently, primary human cells, namely fibroblasts and endothelial cells (ECs) were grown in ADA and ADA-GEL hydrogels to investigate the molecular effects of oxidized material. In ADA, an extremely strong ROS generation resulting in a rapid depletion of cellular thiols was observed in ECs, leading to rapid necrotic cell death. In contrast, less pronounced cytotoxic effects of ADA were noted on human fibroblasts. Human fibroblasts had higher cellular thiol content than primary ECs and entered apoptosis under strong oxidative stress. The presence of gelatin in the hydrogel improved the primary cell survival, likely by reducing the oxidative stress via binding to the CHO groups. Consequently, ADA-GEL was better tolerated than ADA alone. Fibroblasts were able to survive the oxidative stress in ADA-GEL and re-entered the proliferative phase. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that shows in detail the relationship between oxidative stress-induced intracellular processes and alginate di-aldehyde-based bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Genç
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Endowed Professorship for Nanomedicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Jonas Hazur
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.H.); (E.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Emine Karakaya
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.H.); (E.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Barbara Dietel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Faina Bider
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.H.); (E.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Endowed Professorship for Nanomedicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.H.); (E.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.H.); (E.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Iwona Cicha
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Endowed Professorship for Nanomedicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.G.); (C.A.)
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Fan Z, Chen Z, Zhang H, Nie Y, Xu S. Gradient Mineralized and Porous Double-Network Hydrogel Effectively Induce the Differentiation of BMSCs into Osteochondral Tissue In Vitro for Potential Application in Cartilage Repair. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000323. [PMID: 33356012 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, it is a considerable challenge to mimic the complex architecture of osteochondral (OC) tissue. In this study, a porous and gradient mineralized double-network hydrogel is synthesized and used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into the desired OC tissue depending only on the material and mechanical properties. Physical and chemical characterizations show that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles grow and fill into the pores of the hydrogel, and their content presents a gradient change in different layers of hydrogel. The synthesized hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties and the compression strength with different mineralization degrees varies from 27 to 380 kPa, which fully meets the needs of increased mechanical strength of articular cartilage from the surface to the deep layer. Besides, the synthesized hydrogel has good biocompatibility that can promote the proliferation and growth of BMSCs. More importantly, the results of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and real time polymerase chain reaction show that gradient mineralized hydrogel can induce BMSCs to differentiate into the desired chondrocytes and osteoblasts in different layers of hydrogels, indicating that OC tissues can be successfully constructed through a simple induction differentiation of gradient mineralized hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjie Fan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zizi Chen
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Nie
- Institute of Sensing Technology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shumei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, P. R. China
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Schwarz S, Kuth S, Distler T, Gögele C, Stölzel K, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Schulze-Tanzil G. 3D printing and characterization of human nasoseptal chondrocytes laden dual crosslinked oxidized alginate-gelatin hydrogels for cartilage repair approaches. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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