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Shin YC, Than N, Park SJ, Kim HJ. Bioengineered human gut-on-a-chip for advancing non-clinical pharmaco-toxicology. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:593-606. [PMID: 38849312 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2365254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing need for alternative models to advance current non-clinical experimental models because they often fail to accurately predict drug responses in human clinical trials. Human organ-on-a-chip models have emerged as promising approaches for advancing the predictability of drug behaviors and responses. AREAS COVERED We summarize up-to-date human gut-on-a-chip models designed to demonstrate intricate interactions involving the host, microbiome, and pharmaceutical compounds since these models have been reported a decade ago. This overview covers recent advances in gut-on-a-chip models as a bridge technology between non-clinical and clinical assessments of drug toxicity and metabolism. We highlight the promising potential of gut-on-a-chip platforms, offering a reliable and valid framework for investigating reciprocal crosstalk between the host, gut microbiome, and drug compounds. EXPERT OPINION Gut-on-a-chip platforms can attract multiple end users as predictive, human-relevant, and non-clinical model. Notably, gut-on-a-chip platforms provide a unique opportunity to recreate a human intestinal microenvironment, including dynamic bowel movement, luminal flow, oxygen gradient, host-microbiome interactions, and disease-specific manipulations restricted in animal and in vitro cell culture models. Additionally, given the profound impact of the gut microbiome on pharmacological bioprocess, it is critical to leverage breakthroughs of gut-on-a-chip technology to address knowledge gaps and drive innovations in predictive drug toxicology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nam Than
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zou X, Liu Y, Cui M, Wan Q, Chu X. The in vitro intestinal cell model: different co-cultured cells create different applications. J Drug Target 2024; 32:529-543. [PMID: 38537662 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2333877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
As a vitro absorption model, the Caco-2 cells originate from a human colon adenocarcinomas and can differentiate into a cell layer with enterocyte-like features. The Caco-2 cell model is popularly applied to explore drug transport mechanisms, to evaluate the permeability of drug and to predict the absorption of drugs or bioactive substances in the gut. However, there are limitations to the application of Caco-2 cell model due to lack of a mucus layer, the long culture period and the inability to accurately simulate the intestinal environment. The most frequent way to expand the Caco-2 cell model and address its limitations is by co-culturing it with other cells or substances. This article reviews the culture methods and applications of 3D and 2D co-culture cell models established around Caco-2 cells. It also concludes with a summary of model strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyao Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Wan
- Tongling Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tongling, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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3
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Kim R, Sung JH. Recent Advances in Gut- and Gut-Organ-Axis-on-a-Chip Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302777. [PMID: 38243887 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The human gut extracts nutrients from the diet while forming the largest barrier against the outer environment. In addition, the gut actively maintains homeostasis through intricate interactions with the gut microbes, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, and other organs. These interactions influence digestive health and, furthermore, play crucial roles in systemic health and disease. Given its primary role in absorbing and metabolizing orally administered drugs, there is significant interest in the development of preclinical in vitro model systems that can accurately emulate the intestine in vivo. A gut-on-a-chip system holds great potential as a testing and screening platform because of its ability to emulate the physiological aspects of in vivo tissues and expandability to incorporate and combine with other organs. This review aims to identify the key physiological features of the human gut that need to be incorporated to build more accurate preclinical models and highlights the recent progress in gut-on-a-chip systems and competing technologies toward building more physiologically relevant preclinical model systems. Furthermore, various efforts to construct multi-organ systems with the gut, called gut-organ-axis-on-a-chip models, are discussed. In vitro gut models with physiological relevance can provide valuable platforms for bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raehyun Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
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Leal F, Zeiringer S, Jeitler R, Costa PF, Roblegg E. A comprehensive overview of advanced dynamic in vitro intestinal and hepatic cell culture models. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2163820. [PMID: 36680530 PMCID: PMC10832944 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2163820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Orally administered drugs pass through the gastrointestinal tract before being absorbed in the small intestine and metabolised in the liver. To test the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, animal models are often employed; however, they are not suitable for investigating drug-tissue interactions and making reliable predictions, since the human organism differs drastically from animals in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of substances. Likewise, simple static in vitro cell culture systems currently used in preclinical drug screening often do not resemble the native characteristics of biological barriers. Dynamic models, on the other hand, provide in vivo-like cell phenotypes and functionalities that offer great potential for safety and efficacy prediction. Herein, current microfluidic in vitro intestinal and hepatic models are reviewed, namely single- and multi-tissue micro-bioreactors, which are associated with different methods of cell cultivation, i.e., scaffold-based versus scaffold-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Leal
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Scarlett Zeiringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria
| | - Ramona Jeitler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria
| | - Pedro F. Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria
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R N, Aggarwal A, Sravani AB, Mallya P, Lewis S. Organ-On-A-Chip: An Emerging Research Platform. Organogenesis 2023; 19:2278236. [PMID: 37965897 PMCID: PMC10653779 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2023.2278236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug development, conventional preclinical and clinical testing stages rely on cell cultures and animal experiments, but these methods may fall short of fully representing human biology. To overcome this limitation, the emergence of organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology has sparked interest as a transformative approach in drug testing research. By closely replicating human organ responses to external signals, OOC devices hold immense potential in revolutionizing drug efficacy and safety predictions. This review focuses on the advancements, applications, and prospects of OOC devices in drug testing. Based on the latest advances in the field of OOC systems and their clinical applications, this review reflects the effectiveness of OOC devices in replacing human volunteers in certain clinical studies. This review underscores the critical role of OOC technology in transforming drug testing methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin R
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ayushi Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anne Boyina Sravani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Mallya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Bouges E, Segers C, Leys N, Lebeer S, Zhang J, Mastroleo F. Human Intestinal Organoids and Microphysiological Systems for Modeling Radiotoxicity and Assessing Radioprotective Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5859. [PMID: 38136404 PMCID: PMC10741417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a commonly employed treatment for colorectal cancer, yet its radiotoxicity-related impact on healthy tissues raises significant health concerns. This highlights the need to use radioprotective agents to mitigate these side effects. This review presents the current landscape of human translational radiobiology, outlining the limitations of existing models and proposing engineering solutions. We delve into radiotherapy principles, encompassing mechanisms of radiation-induced cell death and its influence on normal and cancerous colorectal cells. Furthermore, we explore the engineering aspects of microphysiological systems to represent radiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and how to include the gut microbiota to study its role in treatment failure and success. This review ultimately highlights the main challenges and future pathways in translational research for pelvic radiotherapy-induced toxicity. This is achieved by developing a humanized in vitro model that mimics radiotherapy treatment conditions. An in vitro model should provide in-depth analyses of host-gut microbiota interactions and a deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of radioprotective food supplements. Additionally, it would be of great value if these models could produce high-throughput data using patient-derived samples to address the lack of human representability to complete clinical trials and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Bouges
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Charlotte Segers
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Natalie Leys
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
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Monteduro AG, Rizzato S, Caragnano G, Trapani A, Giannelli G, Maruccio G. Organs-on-chips technologies – A guide from disease models to opportunities for drug development. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 231:115271. [PMID: 37060819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Current in-vitro 2D cultures and animal models present severe limitations in recapitulating human physiopathology with striking discrepancies in estimating drug efficacy and side effects when compared to human trials. For these reasons, microphysiological systems, organ-on-chip and multiorgans microdevices attracted considerable attention as novel tools for high-throughput and high-content research to achieve an improved understanding of diseases and to accelerate the drug development process towards more precise and eventually personalized standards. This review takes the form of a guide on this fast-growing field, providing useful introduction to major themes and indications for further readings. We start analyzing Organs-on-chips (OOC) technologies for testing the major drug administration routes: (1) oral/rectal route by intestine-on-a-chip, (2) inhalation by lung-on-a-chip, (3) transdermal by skin-on-a-chip and (4) intravenous through vascularization models, considering how drugs penetrate in the bloodstream and are conveyed to their targets. Then, we focus on OOC models for (other) specific organs and diseases: (1) neurodegenerative diseases with brain models and blood brain barriers, (2) tumor models including their vascularization, organoids/spheroids, engineering and screening of antitumor drugs, (3) liver/kidney on chips and multiorgan models for gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic assessment of drugs and (4) biomechanical systems recapitulating heart, muscles and bones structures and related diseases. Successively, we discuss technologies and materials for organ on chips, analyzing (1) microfluidic tools for organs-on-chips, (2) sensor integration for real-time monitoring, (3) materials and (4) cell lines for organs on chips. (Nano)delivery approaches for therapeutics and their on chip assessment are also described. Finally, we conclude with a critical discussion on current significance/relevance, trends, limitations, challenges and future prospects in terms of revolutionary impact on biomedical research, preclinical models and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giusi Caragnano
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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Wu L, Ai Y, Xie R, Xiong J, Wang Y, Liang Q. Organoids/organs-on-a-chip: new frontiers of intestinal pathophysiological models. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1192-1212. [PMID: 36644984 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organoids/organs-on-a-chip open up new frontiers for basic and clinical research of intestinal diseases. Species-specific differences hinder research on animal models, while organoids are emerging as powerful tools due to self-organization from stem cells and the reproduction of the functional properties in vivo. Organs-on-a-chip is also accelerating the process of faithfully mimicking the intestinal microenvironment. And by combining organoids and organ-on-a-chip technologies, they further are expected to serve as innovative preclinical tools and could outperform traditional cell culture models or animal models in the future. Above all, organoids/organs-on-a-chip with other strategies like genome editing, 3D printing, and organoid biobanks contribute to modeling intestinal homeostasis and disease. Here, the current challenges and future trends in intestinal pathophysiological models will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Yongjian Ai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Ruoxiao Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Jialiang Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
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Valiei A, Aminian-Dehkordi J, Mofrad MRK. Gut-on-a-chip models for dissecting the gut microbiology and physiology. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:011502. [PMID: 36875738 PMCID: PMC9977465 DOI: 10.1063/5.0126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have been extensively investigated in recent years for developing organ-on-a-chip-devices as robust in vitro models aiming to recapitulate organ 3D topography and its physicochemical cues. Among these attempts, an important research front has focused on simulating the physiology of the gut, an organ with a distinct cellular composition featuring a plethora of microbial and human cells that mutually mediate critical body functions. This research has led to innovative approaches to model fluid flow, mechanical forces, and oxygen gradients, which are all important developmental cues of the gut physiological system. A myriad of studies has demonstrated that gut-on-a-chip models reinforce a prolonged coculture of microbiota and human cells with genotypic and phenotypic responses that closely mimic the in vivo data. Accordingly, the excellent organ mimicry offered by gut-on-a-chips has fueled numerous investigations on the clinical and industrial applications of these devices in recent years. In this review, we outline various gut-on-a-chip designs, particularly focusing on different configurations used to coculture the microbiome and various human intestinal cells. We then elaborate on different approaches that have been adopted to model key physiochemical stimuli and explore how these models have been beneficial to understanding gut pathophysiology and testing therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Valiei
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Javad Aminian-Dehkordi
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Lee SY, Lee Y, Choi N, Kim HN, Kim B, Sung JH. Development of Gut-Mucus Chip for Intestinal Absorption Study. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-023-00097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Wu J, Zhang B, Liu X, Peng L, Liu J, Hu Y, Ji X, Lv H, Wang S. Current gut-on-a-chip platforms for clarifying the interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and host health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Cavarzerani E, Caligiuri I, Bartoletti M, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F. 3D dynamic cultures of HGSOC organoids to model innovative and standard therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1135374. [PMID: 37143603 PMCID: PMC10151532 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1135374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) needs new technologies for improving cancer diagnosis and therapy. It is a fatal disease with few options for the patients. In this context, dynamic culture systems coupling with patient-derived cancer 3D microstructures could offer a new opportunity for exploring novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we optimized a passive microfluidic platform with 3D cancer organoids, which allows a standardized approach among different patients, a minimum requirement of samples, multiple interrogations of biological events, and a rapid response. The passive flow was optimized to improve the growth of cancer organoids, avoiding the disruption of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Under optimized conditions of the OrganoFlow (tilting angle of 15° and an interval of rocking every 8 min), the cancer organoids grow faster than when they are in static conditions and the number of dead cells is reduced over time. To calculate the IC 50 values of standard chemotherapeutic drugs (carboplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin) and targeted drugs (ATRA), different approaches were utilized. Resazurin staining, ATP-based assay, and DAPI/PI colocalization assays were compared, and the IC 50 values were calculated. The results showed that in the passive flow, the IC 50 values are lower than in static conditions. FITC-labeled paclitaxel shows a better penetration of ECM under passive flow than in static conditions, and cancer organoids start to die after 48 h instead of 96 h, respectively. Cancer organoids are the last frontiers for ex vivo testing of drugs that replicate the response of patients in the clinic. For this study, organoids derived from ascites or tissues of patients with Ovarian Cancer have been used. In conclusion, it was possible to develop a protocol for organoid cultures in a passive microfluidic platform with a higher growth rate, faster drug response, and better penetration of drugs into ECM, maintaining the samples' vitals and collecting the data on the same plate for up to 16 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Cavarzerani
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Bartoletti
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- *Correspondence: Flavio Rizzolio,
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Delon LC, Faria M, Jia Z, Johnston S, Gibson R, Prestidge CA, Thierry B. Capturing and Quantifying Particle Transcytosis with Microphysiological Intestine-on-Chip Models. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2200989. [PMID: 36549695 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the intestinal transport of particles is critical in several fields ranging from optimizing drug delivery systems to capturing health risks from the increased presence of nano- and micro-sized particles in human environment. While Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on permeable supports are the traditional in vitro model used to probe intestinal absorption of dissolved molecules, they fail to recapitulate the transcytotic activity of polarized enterocytes. Here, an intestine-on-chip model is combined with in silico modeling to demonstrate that the rate of particle transcytosis is ≈350× higher across Caco-2 cell monolayers exposed to fluid shear stress compared to Caco-2 cells in standard "static" configuration. This relates to profound phenotypical alterations and highly polarized state of cells grown under mechanical stimulation and it is shown that transcytosis in the microphysiological model is energy-dependent and involves both clathrin and macropinocytosis mediated endocytic pathways. Finally, it is demonstrated that the increased rate of transcytosis through cells exposed to flow is explained by a higher rate of internal particle transport (i.e., vesicular cellular trafficking and basolateral exocytosis), rather than a change in apical uptake (i.e., binding and endocytosis). Taken together, the findings have important implications for addressing research questions concerning intestinal transport of engineered and environmental particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine C Delon
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Matthew Faria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhengyang Jia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart Johnston
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Rachel Gibson
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5050, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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14
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Borwornpiyawat P, Juntasaro E, Aueviriyavit S, Juntasaro V, Sripumkhai W, Pattamang P, Meananeatra R, Kulthong K, Wongwanakul R, Khemthongcharoen N, Atthi N, Jeamsaksiri W. Effects of Porous Size and Membrane Pattern on Shear Stress Characteristic in Gut-on-a-Chip with Peristalsis Motion. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:22. [PMID: 36677084 PMCID: PMC9865814 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic gut-on-a-chip platform allows better recreation of the intestinal environment in vitro compared to the traditional static cell culture. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully discovered. In this study, the shear stress behavior in a gut-on-a-chip device with porous membrane subjected to peristalsis motion is numerically investigated using CFD simulation for three different pore sizes and two pattern layouts. The results reveal that, in the stationary microchannel, the average shear stress on the porous membrane is approximately 15% greater than that of the flat membrane, regardless of the pore size. However, when subjected to cyclic deformation, the porous membrane with smaller pore size experiences stronger variation of shear stress which is ±5.61%, ±10.12% and ±34.45% from its average for the pore diameters of 10 μm, 5 μm and 1 μm, respectively. The shear stress distribution is more consistent in case of the staggered pattern layout while the in-line pattern layout allows for a 32% wider range of shear stress at the identical pore size during a cyclic deformation. These changes in the shear stress caused by peristalsis motion, porous size and membrane pattern could be the key factors that promote cell differentiation in the deforming gut-on-a-chip model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannasit Borwornpiyawat
- Mechanical Engineering Simulation and Design Group, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Ekachai Juntasaro
- Mechanical Engineering Simulation and Design Group, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- Nano Safety and Bioactivity Research Team, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Varangrat Juntasaro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Witsaroot Sripumkhai
- Thai Microelectronics Center (TMEC), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Chacheongsao 24000, Thailand
| | - Pattaraluck Pattamang
- Thai Microelectronics Center (TMEC), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Chacheongsao 24000, Thailand
| | - Rattanawan Meananeatra
- Thai Microelectronics Center (TMEC), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Chacheongsao 24000, Thailand
| | - Kornphimol Kulthong
- Nano Safety and Bioactivity Research Team, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ratjika Wongwanakul
- Nano Safety and Bioactivity Research Team, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Numfon Khemthongcharoen
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nithi Atthi
- Thai Microelectronics Center (TMEC), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Chacheongsao 24000, Thailand
| | - Wutthinan Jeamsaksiri
- Thai Microelectronics Center (TMEC), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Chacheongsao 24000, Thailand
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15
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Rahimnejad M, Rasouli F, Jahangiri S, Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Ramezani Farani M, Akhavan O, Asadnia M, Fatahi Y, Hong S, Lee J, Lee J, Hahn SK. Engineered Biomimetic Membranes for Organ-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5038-5059. [PMID: 36347501 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are engineered nanobiosystems to mimic the physiochemical environment of a specific organ in the body. Among various components of OOC systems, biomimetic membranes have been regarded as one of the most important key components to develop controllable biomimetic bioanalysis systems. Here, we review the preparation and characterization of biomimetic membranes in comparison with the features of the extracellular matrix. After that, we review and discuss the latest applications of engineered biomimetic membranes to fabricate various organs on a chip, such as liver, kidney, intestine, lung, skin, heart, vasculature and blood vessels, brain, and multiorgans with perspectives for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fariba Rasouli
- Bioceramics and Implants Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Sanghoon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jungho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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16
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Zhang D, Qiao L. Intestine‐on‐a‐chip for intestinal disease study and pharmacological research. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
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17
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Sasaki Y, Tatsuoka H, Tsuda M, Sumi T, Eguchi Y, So K, Higuchi Y, Takayama K, Torisawa Y, Yamashita F. Intestinal Permeability of Drugs in Caco-2 Cells Cultured in Microfluidic Devices. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1246-1253. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sasaki
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Hirotaka Tatsuoka
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Masahiro Tsuda
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Takumi Sumi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuka Eguchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kanako So
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University
| | - Yusuke Torisawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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18
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Breaking through the barrier: Modelling and exploiting the physical microenvironment to enhance drug transport and efficacy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114183. [PMID: 35278523 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are the main pillar in the treatment of various illnesses. To administer these drugs in the therapeutic setting, multiple routes of administration have been defined, including ingestion, inhalation, and injection. After administration, drugs need to find their way to the intended target for high effectiveness, and this penetration is greatly dependent on obstacles the drugs encounter along their path. Key hurdles include the physical barriers that are present within the body and knowledge of those is indispensable for progress in the development of drugs with increased therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we examine several important physical barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, the gut-mucosal barrier, and the extracellular matrix barrier, and evaluate their influence on drug transport and efficacy. We explore various in vitro model systems that aid in understanding how parameters within the barrier model affect drug transfer and therapeutic effect. We conclude that physical barriers in the body restrict the quantity of drugs that can pass through, mainly as a consequence of the barrier architecture. In addition, the specific physical properties of the tissue can trigger intracellular changes, altering cell behavior in response to drugs. Though the barriers negatively influence drug distribution, physical stimulation of the surrounding environment may also be exploited as a mechanism to control drug release. This drug delivery approach is explored in this review as a potential alternative to the conventional ways of delivering therapeutics.
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19
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Kavand H, Nasiri R, Herland A. Advanced Materials and Sensors for Microphysiological Systems: Focus on Electronic and Electrooptical Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107876. [PMID: 34913206 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro cell culture systems or microphysiological systems (MPSs), including microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (OoC), are breakthrough technologies in biomedicine. These systems recapitulate features of human tissues outside of the body. They are increasingly being used to study the functionality of different organs for applications such as drug evolutions, disease modeling, and precision medicine. Currently, developers and endpoint users of these in vitro models promote how they can replace animal models or even be a better ethically neutral and humanized alternative to study pathology, physiology, and pharmacology. Although reported models show a remarkable physiological structure and function compared to the conventional 2D cell culture, they are almost exclusively based on standard passive polymers or glass with none or minimal real-time stimuli and readout capacity. The next technology leap in reproducing in vivo-like functionality and real-time monitoring of tissue function could be realized with advanced functional materials and devices. This review describes the currently reported electronic and optical advanced materials for sensing and stimulation of MPS models. In addition, an overview of multi-sensing for Body-on-Chip platforms is given. Finally, one gives the perspective on how advanced functional materials could be integrated into in vitro systems to precisely mimic human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9/B8, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9/B8, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
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20
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Foodborne compounds that alter plasma membrane architecture can modify the response of intestinal cells to shear stress in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 446:116034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Yin H, Shao H, Liu J, Qin Y, Deng W. Sex-specific and concentration-dependent influence of Cremophor RH 40 on ampicillin absorption via its effect on intestinal membrane transporters in rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263692. [PMID: 35226682 PMCID: PMC8884507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical excipients are the basic materials and important components of pharmaceutical preparations, and play an important role in improving the efficacy of drugs and reducing adverse reactions. Therefore, selecting suitable excipients for dosage form is an important step in formulation development. An increasing number of studies have revealed that the traditionally regarded "inert" excipients can, however, influence the bioavailability of drugs. Moreover, these effects on the bioavailability of drugs caused by pharmaceutical excipients may differ in between males and females. In this study, the in situ effect of the widely-used pharmaceutical excipient Cremophor RH 40 spanning from 0.001% to 0.1% on the intestinal absorption of ampicillin in male and female rats using closed-loop models was investigated. Cremophor RH 40 ranging from 0.03% to 0.07% increased the absorption of ampicillin in females, however, was decreased in male rats. The mechanism of such an effect on drug absorption is suggested to be due to the interaction between Cremophor RH 40 and two main membrane transporters P-gp and PepT1. Cremophor RH 40 altered the PepT1 protein content in a sex-dependent manner, showing an increase in female rats but a decrease in males. No modification on the PepT1 mRNA abundance was found with Cremophor RH 40, indicating that the excipient may regulate the protein recruitment of the plasma membrane from the preformed cytoplasm pool to alter the PepT1 function. This influence, however, may differ between males and females. As such, the study herein shows that supposedly inert excipient Cremophor RH 40 can influence membrane fluidity, uptake and efflux transporters in a sex- and concentration-dependent manner. These findings, therefore, highlight the need for sex-specific studies in the application of solubilizing excipients in drug formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyue Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Delon L, Gibson R, Prestidge C, Thierry B. Mechanisms of uptake and transport of particulate formulations in the small intestine. J Control Release 2022; 343:584-599. [PMID: 35149142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-scale particulate formulations are widely investigated towards improving the oral bioavailability of both biologics and drugs with low solubility and/or low intestinal permeability. Particulate formulations harnessing physiological intestinal transport pathways have recently yielded remarkably high oral bioavailabilities, illustrating the need for better understanding the specific pathways underpinning particle small intestinal absorption and the relative role of intestinal cells. Mechanistic knowledge has been hampered by the well acknowledged limitations of current in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models relevant to the human intestinal physiology and the lack of standardization in studies reporting absorption data. Here we review the relevant literature and critically discusses absorption pathways with a focus on the role of specific intestinal epithelial and immune cells. We conclude that while Microfold (M) cells are a valid target for oral vaccines, enterocytes play a greater role in the systemic bioavailability of orally administrated particulate formulations, particularly within the sub-micron size range. We also comment on less-reported mechanisms such as paracellular permeability of particles, persorption due to cell damage and uptake by migratory immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Delon
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Australia School of Allied Health Science and Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Clive Prestidge
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
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23
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Cultivating human tissues and organs over lab-on-a-chip models: Recent progress and applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:205-240. [PMID: 35094775 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In vivo models are indispensable for preclinical studies for various human disease modeling and drug screening, however, face several obstacles such as animal model species differences and ethical clearance. Additionally, it is difficult to accurately predict the organ interaction, drug efficacy, and toxicity using conventional in vitro two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models. The microfluidic-based systems provide excellent opportunity to recapitulate the human organ/tissue functions under in vitro conditions. The organ/tissue-on-chip models are one of best emerging technologies that offer functional organs/tissues on a microfluidic chip. This technology has potential to noninvasively study the organ physiology, tissue development, and diseases etymology. This chapter comprises the benifits of 2D and three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cultures as well as highlights the importance of microfluidic-based lab-on-a-chip technique. The development of different organs/tissues-on-chip models and their biomedical application in various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, respiratory-based diseases, cancers, liver and kidney diseases, etc., have also been discussed.
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24
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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25
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Intestinal Models for Personalized Medicine: from Conventional Models to Microfluidic Primary Intestine-on-a-chip. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2137-2151. [PMID: 34181185 PMCID: PMC8237043 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal dysfunction is frequently driven by abnormalities of specific genes, microbiota, or microenvironmental factors, which usually differ across individuals, as do intestinal physiology and pathology. Therefore, it's necessary to develop personalized therapeutic strategies, which are currently limited by the lack of a simulated intestine model. The mature human intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelial cells that are derived from intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The complexity of the organ dramatically increases the difficulty of faithfully mimicking in vivo microenvironments. However, a simulated intestine model will serve as an indispensable foundation for personalized drug screening. In this article, we review the advantages and disadvantages of conventional 2-dimensional models, intestinal organoid models, and current microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip (IOAC) models. The main technological strategies are summarized, and an advanced microfluidic primary IOAC model is proposed for personalized intestinal medicine. In this model, primary ISCs and the microbiome are isolated from individuals and co-cultured in a multi-channel microfluidic chip to establish a microengineered intestine device. The device can faithfully simulate in vivo fluidic flow, peristalsis-like motions, host-microbe crosstalk, and multi-cell type interactions. Moreover, the ISCs can be genetically edited before seeding, and monitoring sensors and post-analysis abilities can also be incorporated into the device to achieve high-throughput and rapid pharmaceutical studies. We also discuss the potential future applications and challenges of the microfluidic platform. The development of cell biology, biomaterials, and tissue engineering will drive the advancement of the simulated intestine, making a significant contribution to personalized medicine in the future. Graphical abstract The intestine is a primary organ for digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as a major site for the host-commensal microbiota interaction and mucosal immunity. The complexity of the organ dramatically increases the difficulty of faithfully mimicking in vivo microenvironments, though physiological 3-dimensional of the native small intestinal epithelial tissue has been well documented. An intestinal stem cells-based microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip model that faithfully simulate in vivo fluidic flow, peristalsis-like motions, host-microbe crosstalk, and multi-cell type interactions will make a significant contribution.
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Rahman S, Ghiboub M, Donkers JM, van de Steeg E, van Tol EAF, Hakvoort TBM, de Jonge WJ. The Progress of Intestinal Epithelial Models from Cell Lines to Gut-On-Chip. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413472. [PMID: 34948271 PMCID: PMC8709104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, several preclinical in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed that helped to understand some of the critical aspects of intestinal functions in health and disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the translation to the human in vivo situation remains problematic. The main reason for this is that these approaches fail to fully reflect the multifactorial and complex in vivo environment (e.g., including microbiota, nutrition, and immune response) in the gut system. Although conventional models such as cell lines, Ussing chamber, and the everted sac are still used, increasingly more sophisticated intestinal models have been developed over the past years including organoids, InTESTine™ and microfluidic gut-on-chip. In this review, we gathered the most recent insights on the setup, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of most frequently used in vitro and ex vivo models to study intestinal physiology and functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaque Rahman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (M.G.); (T.B.M.H.)
| | - Mohammed Ghiboub
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (M.G.); (T.B.M.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children’s Hospital, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne M. Donkers
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (J.M.D.); (E.v.d.S.); (E.A.F.v.T.)
| | - Evita van de Steeg
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (J.M.D.); (E.v.d.S.); (E.A.F.v.T.)
| | - Eric A. F. van Tol
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (J.M.D.); (E.v.d.S.); (E.A.F.v.T.)
| | - Theodorus B. M. Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (M.G.); (T.B.M.H.)
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (M.G.); (T.B.M.H.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence:
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27
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Ramirez A, Amosu M, Lee P, Maisel K. Microfluidic systems to study tissue barriers to immunotherapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2414-2429. [PMID: 34215998 PMCID: PMC9059778 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have been heavily explored in the last decade, ranging from new treatments for cancer to allergic diseases. These therapies target the immune system, a complex organ system consisting of tissues with intricate structures and cells with a multitude of functions. To better understand immune functions and develop better therapeutics, many cellular and 2-dimensional (2D) tissue models have been developed. However, research has demonstrated that the 3-dimensional (3D) tissue structure can significantly affect cellular functions, and this is not recapitulated by more traditional 2D models. Microfluidics has been used to design 3D tissue models that allow for intricate arrangements of cells and extracellular spaces, thus allowing for more physiologically relevant in vitro model systems. Here, we summarize the multitude of microfluidic devices designed to study the immune system with the ultimate goal to improve existing and design new immunotherapies. We have included models of the different immune organs, including bone marrow and lymph node (LN), models of immunity in diseases such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, and therapeutic models to test or engineer new immune-modulatory treatments. We particularly emphasize research on how microfluidic devices are used to better understand different physiological states and how interactions within the immune microenvironment can influence the efficacy of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ramirez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mayowa Amosu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Priscilla Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Katharina Maisel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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28
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Zarrintaj P, Saeb MR, Stadler FJ, Yazdi MK, Nezhad MN, Mohebbi S, Seidi F, Ganjali MR, Mozafari M. Human Organs-on-Chips: A Review of the State-of-the-Art, Current Prospects, and Future Challenges. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2000526. [PMID: 34837667 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
New emerging technologies, remarkably miniaturized 3D organ models and microfluidics, enable simulation of the real in vitro microenvironment ex vivo more closely. There are many fascinating features of innovative organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology, including the possibility of integrating semipermeable and/or stretchable membranes, creating continuous perfusion of fluids into microchannels and chambers (while maintaining laminar flow regime), embedding microdevices like microsensors, microstimulators, micro heaters, or different cell lines, along with other 3D cell culture technologies. OOC systems are designed to imitate the structure and function of human organs, ranging from breathing lungs to beating hearts. This technology is expected to be able to revolutionize cell biology studies, personalized precision medicine, drug development process, and cancer diagnosis/treatment. OOC systems can significantly reduce the cost associated with tedious drug development processes and the risk of adverse drug reactions in the body, which makes drug screening more effective. The review mainly focus on presenting an overview of the several previously developed OOC systems accompanied by subjects relevant to pharmacy-, cancer-, and placenta-on-a-chip. The challenging issues and opportunities related to these systems are discussed, along with a future perspective for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nasiri Nezhad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, 57166-419, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mohebbi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14395-1179, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
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29
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Franco YL, Da Silva L, Cristofoletti R. Navigating Through Cell-Based In vitro Models Available for Prediction of Intestinal Permeability and Metabolism: Are We Ready for 3D? AAPS J 2021; 24:2. [PMID: 34811603 PMCID: PMC8925318 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, in vitro studies to quantify the
intestinal permeability of drugs have relied on two-dimensional cell culture models using human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, namely Caco-2, HT 29 and T84 cells. Although these models have been commonly used for high-throughput screening of xenobiotics in preclinical studies, they do not fully recapitulate the morphology and functionality of enterocytes found in the human intestine in vivo. Efforts to improve the physiological and functional relevance of in vitro intestinal models have led to the development of enteroids/intestinal organoids and microphysiological systems. These models leverage advances in three-dimensional cell culture techniques and stem cell technology (in addition to microfluidics for microphysiological systems), to mimic the architecture and microenvironment of the in vivo intestine more accurately. In this commentary, we will discuss the advantages and limitations of these established and emerging intestinal models, as well as their current and potential future applications for the pre-clinical assessment of oral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia L Franco
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lais Da Silva
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
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30
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Mendoza-Martinez AK, Loessner D, Mata A, Azevedo HS. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer: The Application of Self-Assembling Biomaterials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5745. [PMID: 34830897 PMCID: PMC8616551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of gynecologic malignancies. Despite treatment with surgery and chemotherapy, OvCa disseminates and recurs frequently, reducing the survival rate for patients. There is an urgent need to develop more effective treatment options for women diagnosed with OvCa. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key driver of disease progression, metastasis and resistance to treatment. For this reason, 3D models have been designed to represent this specific niche and allow more realistic cell behaviors compared to conventional 2D approaches. In particular, self-assembling peptides represent a promising biomaterial platform to study tumor biology. They form nanofiber networks that resemble the architecture of the extracellular matrix and can be designed to display mechanical properties and biochemical motifs representative of the TME. In this review, we highlight the properties and benefits of emerging 3D platforms used to model the ovarian TME. We also outline the challenges associated with using these 3D systems and provide suggestions for future studies and developments. We conclude that our understanding of OvCa and advances in materials science will progress the engineering of novel 3D approaches, which will enable the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Mendoza-Martinez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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31
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Mahapatra C, Lee R, Paul MK. Emerging role and promise of nanomaterials in organoid research. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:890-899. [PMID: 34774765 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are 3D stem cell-derived self-organization of cells. Organoid bioengineering helps recreate and tailor their architecture in vitro to generate mini organ-like properties, providing the opportunity to study fundamental cell behavior in heterogeneous populations and as a tool to model various diseases. Nanomaterials (NMs) are becoming indispensable in regenerative medicine and in developing treatment modalities for various diseases. Therefore, organoid-NM interactions are set to gain traction for the development of advanced diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we discuss the interactions of NMs with distinctive organoid types, organoid matrices, trafficking and cargo delivery, organs-on-a-chip, bioprinting, downstream therapeutic implications, and future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Ruda Lee
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Manash K Paul
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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32
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O'Farrell C, Stamatopoulos K, Simmons M, Batchelor H. In vitro models to evaluate ingestible devices: Present status and current trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113924. [PMID: 34390774 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Orally ingestible medical devices offer significant opportunity in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal conditions. Their development necessitates the use of models that simulate the gastrointestinal environment on both a macro and micro scale. An evolution in scientific technology has enabled a wide range of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models to be developed that replicate the gastrointestinal tract. This review describes the landscape of the existing range of in vitro tools that are available to characterize ingestible devices. Models are presented with details on their benefits and limitations with regards to the evaluation of ingestible devices and examples of their use in the evaluation of such devices is presented where available. The multitude of models available provides a suite of tools that can be used in the evaluation of ingestible devices that should be selected on the functionality of the device and the mechanism of its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor O'Farrell
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Konstantinos Stamatopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Development, PDS, MST, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Mark Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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33
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Fois CAM, Schindeler A, Valtchev P, Dehghani F. Dynamic flow and shear stress as key parameters for intestinal cells morphology and polarization in an organ-on-a-chip model. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:55. [PMID: 34655329 PMCID: PMC8520520 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gut-on-a-chip microfluidic devices have emerged as versatile and practical systems for modeling the human intestine in vitro. Cells cultured under microfluidic conditions experience the effect of shear stress, used as a biomechanical cue to promote a faster cell polarization in Caco-2 cells when compared with static culture conditions. However, published systems to date have utilized a constant flow rate that fails to account for changes in cell shear stress (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\tau }_{c}$$\end{document}τc) resulting from changes in cell elongation that occur with differentiation. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations predict that cells with villi-like morphology experience a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\tau }_{c}$$\end{document}τc higher than bulge-like cells at the initial growth stages. Therefore, we investigated the use of a dynamic flow rate to maintain a constant \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\tau }_{c}$$\end{document}τc across the experiment. Microscopic assessment of cell morphology and dome formation confirmed the initiation of Caco-2 polarization within three days. Next, adopting our dynamic approach, we evaluated whether the following decreased flow could still contribute to complete cell differentiation if compared with the standard constant flow methodology. Caco-2 cells polarized under both conditions, secreted mucin-2 and villin and formed tight junctions and crypt-villi structures. Gene expression was not impacted using the dynamic flow rate. In conclusion, our dynamic flow approach still facilitates cell differentiation while enabling a reduced consumption of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara A M Fois
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.,Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia. .,Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
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34
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Organ-on-Chip Approaches for Intestinal 3D In Vitro Modeling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:351-367. [PMID: 34454168 PMCID: PMC8688162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium has one of the highest turnover rates in the human body, which is supported by intestinal stem cells. Culture models of intestinal physiology have been evolving to incorporate different tissue and microenvironmental elements. However, these models also display gaps that limit their similarity with native conditions. Microfluidics technology arose from the application of microfabrication techniques to fluid manipulation. Recently, microfluidic approaches have been coupled with cell culture, creating self-contained and modular in vitro models with easily controllable features named organs-on-chip. Intestine-on-chip models have enabled the recreation of the proliferative and differentiated compartments of the intestinal epithelium, the long-term maintenance of commensals, and the intraluminal perfusion of organoids. In addition, studies based on human primary intestinal cells have shown that these systems have a closer transcriptomic profile and functionality to the intestine in vivo, when compared with other in vitro models. The design flexibility inherent to microfluidic technology allows the simultaneous combination of components such as shear stress, peristalsis-like strain, 3-dimensional structure, oxygen gradient, and co-cultures with other important cell types involved in gut physiology. The versatility and complexity of the intestine-on-chip grants it the potential for applications in disease modeling, host-microbiota studies, stem cell biology, and, ultimately, the translation to the pharmaceutical industry and the clinic as a reliable high-throughput platform for drug testing and personalized medicine, respectively. This review focuses on the physiological importance of several components that have been incorporated into intestine-on-chip models and highlights interesting features developed in other types of in vitro models that might contribute to the refinement of these systems.
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Deguchi S, Tsuda M, Kosugi K, Sakamoto A, Mimura N, Negoro R, Sano E, Nobe T, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Mizuguchi H, Yamashita F, Torisawa YS, Takayama K. Usability of Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Microfluidic Devices in Pharmaceutical Research Using Human Hepatocytes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3648-3657. [PMID: 34283567 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A liver-on-a-chip (liver-chip) is a microfluidic device carrying liver cells such as human hepatocytes. It is used to reproduce a part of liver function. Many microfluidic devices are composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is a type of silicone elastomer. PDMS is easy to process and suitable for cell observation, but its high hydrophobicity carries the risk of drug absorption. In this study, we evaluated drug absorption to the PDMS device and investigated the drug responsiveness of human hepatocytes cultured in the PDMS device (hepatocyte-chips). First, the absorption rates of 12 compounds to the PDMS device were measured. The absorption rates of midazolam, bufuralol, cyclosporine A, and verapamil were 92.9, 71.7, 71.4, and 99.6%, respectively, but the other compounds were poorly absorbed. Importantly, the absorption rate of the compounds was correlated with their octanol/water distribution coefficient (log D) values (R2 = 0.76). Next, hepatocyte-chips were used to examine the response to drugs, which are typically used to evaluate hepatic functions. Using the hepatocyte-chips, we could confirm the responsiveness of drugs including cytochrome P450 (CYP) inducers and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) ligands. We believe that our findings will contribute to drug discovery research using PDMS-based liver-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuda
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Kosugi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Natsumi Mimura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Negoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Emi Sano
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuro Nobe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yu-Suke Torisawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Fedi A, Vitale C, Ponschin G, Ayehunie S, Fato M, Scaglione S. In vitro models replicating the human intestinal epithelium for absorption and metabolism studies: A systematic review. J Control Release 2021; 335:247-268. [PMID: 34033859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies represent a fundamental step in the early stages of drug discovery. In particular, the absorption of orally administered drugs, which occurs at the intestinal level, has gained attention since poor oral bioavailability often led to failures for new drug approval. In this context, several in vitro preclinical models have been recently developed and optimized to better resemble human physiology in the lab and serve as an animal alternative to accomplish the 3Rs principles. However, numerous models are ineffective in recapitulating the key features of the human small intestine epithelium and lack of prediction potential for drug absorption and metabolism during the preclinical stage. In this review, we provide an overview of in vitro models aimed at mimicking the intestinal barrier for pharmaceutical screening. After briefly describing how the human small intestine works, we present i) conventional 2D synthetic and cell-based systems, ii) 3D models replicating the main features of the intestinal architecture, iii) micro-physiological systems (MPSs) reproducing the dynamic stimuli to which cells are exposed in the native microenvironment. In this review, we will highlight the benefits and drawbacks of the leading intestinal models used for drug absorption and metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Fedi
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT) Institute, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT) Institute, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponschin
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Fato
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT) Institute, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT) Institute, 16149 Genoa, Italy.
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Wang L, Wu J, Chen J, Dou W, Zhao Q, Han J, Liu J, Su W, Li A, Liu P, An Z, Xu C, Sun Y. Advances in reconstructing intestinal functionalities in vitro: From two/three dimensional-cell culture platforms to human intestine-on-a-chip. Talanta 2021; 226:122097. [PMID: 33676654 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Standard two/three dimensional (2D/3D)-cell culture platforms have facilitated the understanding of the communications between various cell types and their microenvironments. However, they are still limited in recapitulating the complex functionalities in vivo, such as tissue formation, tissue-tissue interface, and mechanical/biochemical microenvironments of tissues and organs. Intestine-on-a-chip platforms offer a new way to mimic intestinal behaviors and functionalities by constructing in vitro intestinal models in microfluidic devices. This review summarizes the advances and limitations of the state-of-the-art 2D/3D-cell culture platforms, animal models, intestine chips, and the combined multi-organ chips related with intestines. Their applications to studying intestinal functions, drug testing, and disease modeling are introduced. Different intestinal cell sources are compared in terms of gene expression abilities and the recapitulated intestinal morphologies. Among these cells, cells isolated form human intestinal tissues and derived from pluripotent stem cells appear to be more suitable for in vitro reconstruction of intestinal organs. Key challenges of current intestine-on-a-chip platforms and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Rd, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Qili Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System (IRAIS) and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotic (tjKLIR), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Junlei Han
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Weiguang Su
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Anqing Li
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zhao An
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chonghai Xu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Rd, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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39
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Duzagac F, Saorin G, Memeo L, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F. Microfluidic Organoids-on-a-Chip: Quantum Leap in Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:737. [PMID: 33578886 PMCID: PMC7916612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-like cell clusters, so-called organoids, which exhibit self-organized and similar organ functionality as the tissue of origin, have provided a whole new level of bioinspiration for ex vivo systems. Microfluidic organoid or organs-on-a-chip platforms are a new group of micro-engineered promising models that recapitulate 3D tissue structure and physiology and combines several advantages of current in vivo and in vitro models. Microfluidics technology is used in numerous applications since it allows us to control and manipulate fluid flows with a high degree of accuracy. This system is an emerging tool for understanding disease development and progression, especially for personalized therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment, which provide well-grounded, cost-effective, powerful, fast, and reproducible results. In this review, we highlight how the organoid-on-a-chip models have improved the potential of efficiency and reproducibility of organoid cultures. More widely, we discuss current challenges and development on organoid culture systems together with microfluidic approaches and their limitations. Finally, we describe the recent progress and potential utilization in the organs-on-a-chip practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahriye Duzagac
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Gloria Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.S.)
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
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Mansoorifar A, Gordon R, Bergan R, Bertassoni LE. Bone-on-a-chip: microfluidic technologies and microphysiologic models of bone tissue. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2006796. [PMID: 35422682 PMCID: PMC9007546 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202006796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an active organ that continuously undergoes an orchestrated process of remodeling throughout life. Bone tissue is uniquely capable of adapting to loading, hormonal, and other changes happening in the body, as well as repairing bone that becomes damaged to maintain tissue integrity. On the other hand, diseases such as osteoporosis and metastatic cancers disrupt normal bone homeostasis leading to compromised function. Historically, our ability to investigate processes related to either physiologic or diseased bone tissue has been limited by traditional models that fail to emulate the complexity of native bone. Organ-on-a-chip models are based on technological advances in tissue engineering and microfluidics, enabling the reproduction of key features specific to tissue microenvironments within a microfabricated device. Compared to conventional in-vitro and in-vivo bone models, microfluidic models, and especially organs-on-a-chip platforms, provide more biomimetic tissue culture conditions, with increased predictive power for clinical assays. In this review, we will report microfluidic and organ-on-a-chip technologies designed for understanding the biology of bone as well as bone-related diseases and treatments. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current models and point toward future directions for microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip technologies in bone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mansoorifar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ryan Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E. Bertassoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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41
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Liang D, Su W, Tan M. Advances of microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip for analyzing anti-inflammation of food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4418-4434. [PMID: 33480263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1875395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip enables novel means of emulating human intestinal pathophysiology in vitro, which can potentially reduce animal testing and substitute simple 2D culture system. Though a great deal of work has been done in the development of microfluidic platforms for intestinal disease modeling and drug screening, potential investigation of the effect of bioactive food compounds on intestinal inflammation remains largely unexplored. In this review, different biomaterials and chip designs have been explored in the fabrication of intestine-on-a-chip. Other key parameters must be carefully controlled and selected, including shear stress, cell type and cell co-culture spatial configuration, etc. Appropriate techniques to quantify the barrier integrity including trans-epithelial electric resistance, specific tight junction markers and permeability measurements should be standardized and compared with in vivo data. Integration of the gut microbiome and the provision of intestinal-specific environment are the key parameters to realize the in vivo intestinal model simulation and accelerate the screening efficiency of bioactive food compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Liang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Su
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Antfolk M, Jensen KB. A bioengineering perspective on modelling the intestinal epithelial physiology in vitro. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6244. [PMID: 33288759 PMCID: PMC7721730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is a specialised organ, essential for nutrient digestion and absorption. It is lined with a complex epithelial cell layer. Intestinal epithelial cells can be cultured in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds as self-organising entities with distinct domains containing stem cells and differentiated cells. Recent developments in bioengineering provide new possibilities for directing the organisation of cells in vitro. In this Perspective, focusing on the small intestine, we discuss how studies at the interface between bioengineering and intestinal biology provide new insights into organ function. Specifically, we focus on engineered biomaterials, complex 3D structures resembling the intestinal architecture, and micro-physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antfolk
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ashammakhi N, Nasiri R, Barros NRD, Tebon P, Thakor J, Goudie M, Shamloo A, Martin MG, Khademhosseini A. Gut-on-a-chip: Current progress and future opportunities. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120196. [PMID: 32623181 PMCID: PMC7396314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology tries to mimic the complexity of native tissues in vitro. Important progress has recently been made in using this technology to study the gut with and without microbiota. These in vitro models can serve as an alternative to animal models for studying physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. While these models have greater physiological relevance than two-dimensional (2D) cell systems in vitro, endocrine and immunological functions in gut-on-a-chip models are still poorly represented. Furthermore, the construction of complex models, in which different cell types and structures interact, remains a challenge. Generally, gut-on-a-chip models have the potential to advance our understanding of the basic interactions found within the gut and lay the foundation for future applications in understanding pathophysiology, developing drugs, and personalizing medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jai Thakor
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Goudie
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Martin G Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Steinway SN, Saleh J, Koo BK, Delacour D, Kim DH. Human Microphysiological Models of Intestinal Tissue and Gut Microbiome. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:725. [PMID: 32850690 PMCID: PMC7411353 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system responsible for nutrient absorption, digestion, secretion, and elimination of waste products that also hosts immune surveillance, the intestinal microbiome, and interfaces with the nervous system. Traditional in vitro systems cannot harness the architectural and functional complexity of the GI tract. Recent advances in organoid engineering, microfluidic organs-on-a-chip technology, and microfabrication allows us to create better in vitro models of human organs/tissues. These micro-physiological systems could integrate the numerous cell types involved in GI development and physiology, including intestinal epithelium, endothelium (vascular), nerve cells, immune cells, and their interplay/cooperativity with the microbiome. In this review, we report recent progress in developing micro-physiological models of the GI systems. We also discuss how these models could be used to study normal intestinal physiology such as nutrient absorption, digestion, and secretion as well as GI infection, inflammation, cancer, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Steinway
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jad Saleh
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Ding C, Chen X, Kang Q, Yan X. Biomedical Application of Functional Materials in Organ-on-a-Chip. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:823. [PMID: 32793573 PMCID: PMC7387427 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology has been utilized in a lot of biomedical fields such as fundamental physiological and pharmacological researches. Various materials have been introduced in OOC and can be broadly classified into inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials. Although PDMS continues to be the preferred material for laboratory research, materials for OOC are constantly evolving and progressing, and have promoted the development of OOC. This mini review provides a summary of the various type of materials for OOC systems, focusing on the progress of materials and related fabrication technologies within the last 5 years. The advantages and drawbacks of these materials in particular applications are discussed. In addition, future perspectives and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizhu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinshu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
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Youhanna S, Lauschke VM. The Past, Present and Future of Intestinal In Vitro Cell Systems for Drug Absorption Studies. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:50-65. [PMID: 32628951 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium acts as a selective barrier for the absorption of water, nutrients and orally administered drugs. To evaluate the gastrointestinal permeability of a candidate molecule, scientists and drug developers have a multitude of cell culture models at their disposal. Static transwell cultures constitute the most extensively characterized intestinal in vitro system and can accurately categorize molecules into low, intermediate and high permeability compounds. However, they lack key aspects of intestinal physiology, including the cellular complexity of the intestinal epithelium, flow, mechanical strain, or interactions with intestinal mucus and microbes. To emulate these features, a variety of different culture paradigms, including microfluidic chips, organoids and intestinal slice cultures have been developed. Here, we provide an updated overview of intestinal in vitro cell culture systems and critically review their suitability for drug absorption studies. The available data show that these advanced culture models offer impressive possibilities for emulating intestinal complexity. However, there is a paucity of systematic absorption studies and benchmarking data and it remains unclear whether the increase in model complexity and costs translates into improved drug permeability predictions. In the absence of such data, conventional static transwell cultures remain the current gold-standard paradigm for drug absorption studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Delon LC, Guo Z, Kashani MN, Yang CT, Prestidge C, Thierry B. Hele Shaw microfluidic device: A new tool for systematic investigation into the effect of the fluid shear stress for organs-on-chips. MethodsX 2020; 7:100980. [PMID: 32685381 PMCID: PMC7358744 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This method describes a novel approach to systematically investigate the effect of the fluid shear stress (FSS) on epithelial cells thanks to a single microfluidic device based on Hele-Shaw geometry. The method was validated with intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers and lung A549 cells. We provide guidelines to adjust the experimental parameters to apply specific ranges of FSS and to specify more accurately the area where to image the cells within the device by the performance of a computational simulation of the fluid flow. Most importantly, this simulation enables to validate the equation. This approach was successfully applied to systematically investigate Caco-2 cell monolayers-based intestine-on-chip models as reported in a companion article published in Biomaterials. This study showed that exposure to microfluidic FSS induces significant phenotypical and functional changes. A detailed understanding of the effects of the FSS will enable the realization of in vitro organs-on-chip models with well-defined characteristics tailored to a specific purpose. The Hele-Shaw approach used in this study could be readily applied to other cell types and adapted for a wide range of physiologically relevant FSS.•Fluid shear stress is a key parameter in the differentiation of epithelial cells cultured in organ-on-chip models.•A simple approach can be used to assess the effect of fluid shear on cellular monolayer cultured in microfluidic devices.•Careful optimization of fluid shear stress environment is necessary for the development of better-defined organ-on-chip models.•Computational simulation of the fluid flow gives an accurate definition of the FSS in a microfluidic channel necessary to interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine C. Delon
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia
| | - Zhaobin Guo
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia
| | - Moein Navvab Kashani
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- South Australian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Chih-Tsung Yang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia
| | - Clive Prestidge
- ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia
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Wright L, Barnes TJ, Prestidge CA. Oral delivery of protein-based therapeutics: Gastroprotective strategies, physiological barriers and in vitro permeability prediction. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119488. [PMID: 32504774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of biological molecules emerging as therapeutics is growing exponentially due to their higher specificity and tolerability profiles compared to small molecules. Despite this, their traditionally parenteral delivery often results in poor patient compliance and incomplete treatment. Current research is focussed on developing effective oral delivery strategies to facilitate administration of these biomolecules, however no universal method exists to simultaneously provide gastric protection as well as enhance transport across the gastrointestinal epithelium. Furthermore, for efficient formulation development it is imperative that we can reliably analyse permeability of biomolecules through the gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the importance of the continual development and ongoing evaluation of in vitro predictive permeability tools. Here, we review the physiological obstacles associated with peptide and protein delivery throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we highlight methods utilised to circumvent these barriers and promote improved intestinal permeability. Lastly, we explore in vitro models employed to predict epithelial transport. Key findings highlight the need to carefully understand gastrointestinal physiology, allowing specific engineering of oral delivery systems for biomolecules. Significant importance is placed upon understanding enzymatic degradation susceptibility as well as uptake mechanisms for particulate and protein-based therapeutics for the development of successful oral protein delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Wright
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, 5001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UniSA, Australia
| | - Timothy J Barnes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, 5001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UniSA, Australia.
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Delon LC, Nilghaz A, Cheah E, Prestidge C, Thierry B. Unlocking the Potential of Organ-on-Chip Models through Pumpless and Tubeless Microfluidics. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901784. [PMID: 32342669 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic organs-on-chips are rapidly being developed toward eliminating the shortcomings of static in vitro models and better addressing basic and translational research questions. A critical aspect is the dynamic culture environment they provide. However, the associated inherent requirement for controlled fluid shear stress (FSS) and therefore the need for precise pumps limits their implementation. To address this issue, here a novel approach to manufacture pumpless and tubeless organs-on-chips is reported. It relies on the use of a hydrophilic thread to provide a driving force for the perfusion of the cell culture medium through constant evaporation in the controlled conditions of a cell incubator. Well-defined and tuneable flow rates can be applied by adjusting the length and/or diameter of the thread. This approach for the preparation of an intestine-on-chip model based on the Caco-2 cell line is validated. Five days culture under 0.02 dyn·cm-2 shear conditions yield monolayers similar to those prepared using a high-precision peristaltic pump. A pumpless device can also be used to delineate the effect of FSS on the phenotype of adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells. It is anticipated that the pumpless approach will facilitate and herefore increase the use of organs-on-chips models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine C. Delon
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus Adelaide SA 5095 Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology University of South Australia City West Campus Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Azadeh Nilghaz
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus Adelaide SA 5095 Australia
| | - Edward Cheah
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus Adelaide SA 5095 Australia
| | - Clive Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology University of South Australia City West Campus Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus Adelaide SA 5095 Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology University of South Australia City West Campus Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
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Microfluidic chip for culturing intestinal epithelial cell layers: Characterization and comparison of drug transport between dynamic and static models. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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