1
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Arshad N, Biswas N, Gill J, Kesari S, Ashili S. Drug delivery in leptomeningeal disease: Navigating barriers and beyond. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2375521. [PMID: 38995190 PMCID: PMC11249152 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2375521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) refers to the infiltration of cancer cells into the leptomeningeal compartment. Leptomeninges are the two membranous layers, called the arachnoid membrane and pia mater. The diffuse nature of LMD poses a challenge to its effective diagnosis and successful management. Furthermore, the predominant phenotype; solid masses or freely floating cells, has altering implications on the effectiveness of drug delivery systems. The standard of care is the intrathecal delivery of chemotherapy drugs but it is associated with increased instances of treatment-related complications, low patient compliance, and suboptimal drug distribution. An alternative involves administering the drugs systemically, after which they must traverse fluid barriers to arrive at their destination within the leptomeningeal space. However, this route is known to cause off-target effects as well as produce subtherapeutic drug concentrations at the target site within the central nervous system. The development of new drug delivery systems such as liposomal cytarabine has improved drug delivery in leptomeningeal metastatic disease, but much still needs to be done to effectively target this challenging condition. In this review, we discuss about the anatomy of leptomeninges relevant for drug penetration, the conventional and advanced drug delivery methods for LMD. We also discuss the future directions being set by different clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nupur Biswas
- Rhenix Lifesciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- CureScience, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jaya Gill
- CureScience, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Pacific Neuroscience Institute and Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
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2
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Krishnan J, Poomalai P, Ravichandran A, Reddy A, Sureshkumar R. A Concise Review on Effect of PEGylation on the Properties of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:246-264. [PMID: 38828531 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2024.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as promising platforms for enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Among various strategies employed to optimize these systems, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification, known as PEGylation-the covalent attachment of PEG to nanoparticles, has gained considerable attention for its ability to impart stealth properties to nanoparticles while also extending circulation time and improving biocompatibility. PEGylation extends to different drug delivery systems, in specific, nanoparticles for targeting cancer cells, where the concentration of drug in the cancer cells is improved by virtue of PEGylation. The primary challenge linked to PEGylation lies in its confirmation. Numerous research findings provide comprehensive insights into selecting PEG for various PEGylation methods. In this review, we have endeavored to consolidate the outcomes concerning the choice of PEG and diverse PEGylation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janesha Krishnan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Nano Engineering Science & Technology (C-NEST), JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
| | - Praveena Poomalai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Nano Engineering Science & Technology (C-NEST), JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
| | - Ashwin Ravichandran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Nano Engineering Science & Technology (C-NEST), JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
| | - Aishwarya Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Nano Engineering Science & Technology (C-NEST), JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Nano Engineering Science & Technology (C-NEST), JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
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3
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Huang Z, Meng H, Xu L, Pei X, Xiong J, Wang Y, Zhan X, Li S, He Y. Liposomes in the cosmetics: present and outlook. J Liposome Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38712581 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2341139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are small spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers capable of encapsulating a variety of ingredients, including water- and oil-soluble compound, which are one of the most commonly used piggybacking and delivery techniques for many active ingredients and different compounds in biology, medicine and cosmetics. With the increasing number of active cosmetic ingredients, the concomitant challenge is to effectively protect, transport, and utilize these substances in a judicious manner. Many cosmetic ingredients are ineffective both topically and systemically when applied to the skin, thus changing the method of delivery and interaction with the skin of the active ingredients is a crucial step toward improving their effectiveness. Liposomes can improve the delivery of active ingredients to the skin, enhance their stability, and ultimately, improve the efficacy of cosmetics and and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we summarized the basic properties of liposomes and their recent advances of functionalities in cosmetics and and pharmaceuticals. Also, the current state of the art in the field is discussed and the prospects for future research areas are highlighted. We hope that this review will provide ideas and inspiration on the application and development of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohe Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong Meng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Pei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yifan He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
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4
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Zafar MN, Pitt WG, Husseini GA. Encapsulation and release of calcein from herceptin-conjugated eLiposomes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27882. [PMID: 38524567 PMCID: PMC10958368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving an optimal therapeutic level is crucial in effectively eradicating cancer cells during treatment. However, conventional chemotherapy-associated systemic administration of anticancer agents leads to many side effects. To achieve the desired control over the target site, active targeting of HER2-positive breast cancer cells can be achieved by conjugating liposomal vesicles with Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and inducing release of the encapsulated drug using ultrasound. To further enhance the delivery efficiency, nanoemulsion droplets exhibiting responsiveness to low-frequency ultrasound are encapsulated within these lipid vesicles. In this study, we prepared four different liposomal formulations, namely pegylated liposomes, emulsion liposomes (eLiposomes), HER-conjugated liposomes, and HER-conjugated eLiposomes, each loaded with calcein and subjected to a thorough characterization process. Their sizes, phospholipid concentration, and amount of antibody conjugation were compared and analyzed. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the encapsulation of nanoemulsion droplets within the liposomes. The drug-releasing performance of Herceptin-conjugated eLiposomes was found to surpass that of other liposomal formulations with a notably higher calcein release and established it as a highly effective nanocarrier. The study showcases the efficacy of calcein-loaded and Herceptin-conjugated eLiposomes, which demonstrate rapid and efficient drug release among other liposomal formulations when subjected to ultrasound. This discovery paves the way for a more targeted, efficient, and humane approach to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mah Noor Zafar
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - William G. Pitt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Khajeei A, Masoomzadeh S, Gholikhani T, Javadzadeh Y. The Effect of PEGylation on Drugs' Pharmacokinetic Parameters; from Absorption to Excretion. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:978-992. [PMID: 37345248 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230621124953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Until the drugs enter humans life, they may face problems in transportation, drug delivery, and metabolism. These problems can cause reducing drug's therapeutic effect and even increase its side effects. Together, these cases can reduce the patient's compliance with the treatment and complicate the treatment process. Much work has been done to solve or at least reduce these problems. For example, using different forms of a single drug molecule (like Citalopram and Escitalopram); slight changes in the drug's molecule like Meperidine and α-Prodine, and using carriers (like Tigerase®). PEGylation is a recently presented method that can use for many targets. Poly Ethylene Glycol or PEG is a polymer that can attach to drugs by using different methods and resulting sustained release, controlled metabolism, targeted delivery, and other cases. Although they will not necessarily lead to an increase in the effect of the drug, they will lead to the improvement of the treatment process in certain ways. In this article, the team of authors has tried to collect and carefully review the best cases based on the PEGylation of drugs that can help the readers of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khajeei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Masoomzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tooba Gholikhani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Awad NS, Paul V, AlSawaftah NM, Husseini GA. Effect of phospholipid head group on ultrasound-triggered drug release and cellular uptake of immunoliposomes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16644. [PMID: 37789072 PMCID: PMC10547810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are the most successful nanoparticles used to date to load and deliver chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells. They are nano-sized vesicles made up of phospholipids, and targeting moieties can be added to their surfaces for the active targeting of specific tumors. Furthermore, Ultrasound can be used to trigger the release of the loaded drugs by disturbing their phospholipid bilayer structure. In this study, we have prepared pegylated liposomes using four types of phospholipids with similar saturated hydrocarbon tails including a phospholipid with no head group attached to the phosphate head (DPPA) and three other phospholipids with different head groups attached to their phosphate heads (DPPC, DPPE and DPPG). The prepared liposomes were conjugated to the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (TRA) to target the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressed on HER2-positive cancer cells (HER2+). We have compared the response of the different formulations of liposomes when triggered with low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) and their cellular uptake by the cancer cells. The results showed that the different formulations had similar size, polydispersity, and stability. TRA-conjugated DPPC liposomes showed the highest sensitivity to LFUS. On the other hand, incubating the cancer cells with TRA-conjugated DPPA liposomes triggered with LFUS showed the highest uptake of the loaded calcein by the HER2+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid S Awad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vinod Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour M AlSawaftah
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A Husseini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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7
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Kumar D, Suna A, Ray D, Aswal VK, Bahadur P, Tiwari S. Structural Changes in Liposomal Vesicles in Association with Sodium Taurodeoxycholate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:95. [PMID: 37012522 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes composed of soy lecithin (SL) have been studied widely for drug delivery applications. The stability and elasticity of liposomal vesicles are improved by incorporating additives, including edge activators. In this study, we report the effect of sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC, a bile salt) upon the microstructural characteristics of SL vesicles. Liposomes, prepared by the thin film hydration method, were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), electron microscopy, and rheological techniques. We noticed a reduction in the size of vesicles with the incremental addition of STDC. Initial changes in the size of spherical vesicles were ascribed to the edge-activating action of STDC (0.05 to 0.17 µM). At higher concentrations (0.23 to 0.27 µM), these vesicles transformed into cylindrical structures. Morphological transitions at higher STDC concentrations would have occurred due to its hydrophobic interaction with SL molecules in the bilayer. This was ascertained from nuclear magnetic resonance observations. Whereas shape transitions underscored the deformability of vesicles in the presence of STDC, the consistency of bilayer thickness ruled out any dissociative effect. It was interesting to notice that SL-STDC mixed structures could survive high thermal stress, electrolyte addition, and dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Abhishek Suna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Vinod K Aswal
- Solid State Physical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Pratap Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India.
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8
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Tumor vasculature VS tumor cell targeting: Understanding the latest trends in using functional nanoparticles for cancer treatment. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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9
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Zafar MN, Abuwatfa WH, Husseini GA. Acoustically-Activated Liposomal Nanocarriers to Mitigate the Side Effects of Conventional Chemotherapy with a Focus on Emulsion-Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:421. [PMID: 36839744 PMCID: PMC9963571 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve currently available cancer treatments, nanomaterials are employed as smart drug delivery vehicles that can be engineered to locally target cancer cells and respond to stimuli. Nanocarriers can entrap chemotherapeutic drugs and deliver them to the diseased site, reducing the side effects associated with the systemic administration of conventional anticancer drugs. Upon accumulation in the tumor cells, the nanocarriers need to be potentiated to release their therapeutic cargo. Stimulation can be through endogenous or exogenous modalities, such as temperature, electromagnetic irradiation, ultrasound (US), pH, or enzymes. This review discusses the acoustic stimulation of different sonosensitive liposomal formulations. Emulsion liposomes, or eLiposomes, are liposomes encapsulating phase-changing nanoemulsion droplets, which promote acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) upon sonication. This gives eLiposomes the advantage of delivering the encapsulated drug at low intensities and short exposure times relative to liposomes. Other formulations integrating microbubbles and nanobubbles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mah Noor Zafar
- Biomedical Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waad H. Abuwatfa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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10
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AlSawaftah NM, Paul V, Kosaji D, Khabbaz L, Awad NS, Husseini GA. Ultrasound-sensitive cRGD-modified liposomes as a novel drug delivery system. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:111-120. [PMID: 35543613 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2074439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeted liposomes enable the delivery of encapsulated chemotherapeutics to tumours by targeting specific receptors overexpressed on the surfaces of cancer cells; this helps in reducing the systemic side effects associated with the cytotoxic agents. Upon reaching the targeted site, these liposomes can be triggered to release their payloads using internal or external triggers. In this study, we investigate the use of low-frequency ultrasound as an external modality to trigger the release of a model drug (calcein) from non-targeted and targeted pegylated liposomes modified with cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate (cRGD). Liposomes were exposed to sonication at 20-kHz using three different power densities (6.2, 9, and 10 mW/cm2). Our results showed that increasing the power density increased calcein release from the sonicated liposomes. Moreover, cRGD conjugation to the surface of the liposomes rendered cRGD-liposomes more susceptible to ultrasound compared to the non-targeted liposomes. cRGD conjugation was also found to increase cellular uptake of calcein by human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cells which were further enhanced following sonicating the cells with low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour M AlSawaftah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vinod Paul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Doua Kosaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leen Khabbaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nahid S Awad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A Husseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Cytokine Therapy Combined with Nanomaterials Participates in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122606. [PMID: 36559100 PMCID: PMC9788370 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has gradually become an emerging treatment modality for tumors after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Cytokine therapy is a promising treatment for cancer immunotherapy. Currently, there are many preclinical theoretical bases to support this treatment strategy and a variety of cytokines in clinical trials. When cytokines were applied to tumor immunotherapy, it was found that the efficacy was not satisfactory. As research on tumor immunity has deepened, the role of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment has been further explored. Meanwhile, the study of nanomaterials in drug delivery has been fully developed in the past 20 years. Researchers have begun to think about the possibility of combining cytokine therapy with nanomaterials. Herein, we briefly review various nano-delivery systems that can directly deliver cytokines or regulate the expression of cytokines in tumor cells for cancer immunotherapy. We further discussed the feasibility of the combination of various therapies. We looked forward to the main challenges, opportunities, and prospects of tumor immunotherapy with multiple cytokines and a nano-delivery system.
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12
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Liu Y, Yao T, Ren L, Yuan B. Size effect of liposomes on centimeter-deep ultrasound-switchable fluorescence imaging and ultrasound-controlled release. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8970-8980. [PMID: 36285768 PMCID: PMC9670236 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have been widely used in both medical imaging and drug delivery fields due to their excellent biocompatibility and easy surface modification. Recently our lab reported for the first-time the implementation of temperature-sensitive and indocyanine green (ICG)-encapsulated liposome microparticles for in vivo ultrasound-switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging. A previous study showed that liposome microparticles achieved USF imaging in centimeter-deep tissue. This study aimed to control the size of liposomes at the nanoscale and study the size effect on the USF imaging depth. Also, we explored the feasibility of combining USF imaging with ultrasound-controlled release. Liposomes were synthesized via the hydration method and the size was controlled by an extruding process. Characterization parameters, including fluorescence profile, spectra, size, stability, encapsulation efficiency, and ultrasound-controlled release, were evaluated. USF imaging in blood serum was conducted successfully in a phantom model, and an imaging depth study was conducted at 1.0 cm and 2.5 cm and confirmed that nano-sized liposomes had a stronger USF signal than micron-sized liposomes. Additionally, releasing tests indicated that both ultrasound power and exposure time affected the release efficiency in that increasing the power and extending the exposure time led to higher release efficiency. Above all, this study shows the potential for using liposomes for USF imaging and ultrasound-controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76010, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
- Ultrasound and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Tingfeng Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76010, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
- Ultrasound and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Liqin Ren
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76010, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
- Ultrasound and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Baohong Yuan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76010, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
- Ultrasound and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
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13
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Bahutair WN, Abuwatfa WH, Husseini GA. Ultrasound Triggering of Liposomal Nanodrugs for Cancer Therapy: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12173051. [PMID: 36080088 PMCID: PMC9458162 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficient conventional chemotherapy is limited by its nonspecific nature, which causes severe systemic toxicity that can lead to patient discomfort and low therapeutic efficacy. The emergence of smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs) utilizing nanoparticles as drug nanocarriers has shown great potential in enhancing the targetability of anticancer agents and limiting their side effects. Liposomes are among the most investigated nanoplatforms due to their promising capabilities of encapsulating hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic drugs, biocompatibility, physicochemical and biophysical properties. Liposomal nanodrug systems have demonstrated the ability to alter drugs' biodistribution by sufficiently delivering the entrapped chemotherapeutics at the targeted diseased sites, sparing normal cells from undesired cytotoxic effects. Combining liposomal treatments with ultrasound, as an external drug release triggering modality, has been proven effective in spatially and temporally controlling and stimulating drug release. Therefore, this paper reviews recent literature pertaining to the therapeutic synergy of triggering nanodrugs from liposomes using ultrasound. It also highlights the effects of multiple physical and chemical factors on liposomes' sonosensetivity, several ultrasound-induced drug release mechanisms, and the efficacy of ultrasound-responsive liposomal systems in cancer therapy. Overall, liposomal nanodrug systems triggered by ultrasound are promising cancer therapy platforms that can potentially alleviate the detriments of conventional cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa N. Bahutair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waad H. Abuwatfa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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14
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Ma P, Lai X, Luo Z, Chen Y, Loh XJ, Ye E, Li Z, Wu C, Wu YL. Recent advances in mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3462-3478. [PMID: 36134346 PMCID: PMC9400598 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00420h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical force responsive drug delivery systems (in terms of mechanical force induced chemical bond breakage or physical structure destabilization) have been recently explored to exhibit a controllable pharmaceutical release behaviour at a molecular level. In comparison with chemical or biological stimulus triggers, mechanical force is not only an external but also an internal stimulus which is closely related to the physiological status of patients. However, although this mechanical force stimulus might be one of the most promising and feasible sources to achieve on-demand pharmaceutical release, current research in this field is still limited. Hence, this tutorial review aims to comprehensively evaluate the recent advances in mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems based on different types of mechanical force, in terms of direct stimulation by compressive, tensile, and shear force, or indirect/remote stimulation by ultrasound and a magnetic field. Furthermore, the exciting developments and current challenges in this field will also be discussed to provide a blueprint for potential clinical translational research of mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panqin Ma
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Xiyu Lai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Ying Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis, #08-03 138634 Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis, #08-03 138634 Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis, #08-03 138634 Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2) Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR) Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
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15
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AlSawaftah NM, Husseini GA, Pitt WG. The Kinetics of Calcein Release from Mixed Targeted Liposomes Using Ultrasound. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific delivery of chemotherapeutics using actively targeted-stimuli-responsive liposomes is a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of anti-cancer drugs while reducing the associated undesirable side effects. Recently, the co-functionalization of liposomes
has shown interesting results in enhancing cellular uptake; however, such systems suffer from stability issues. This study proposes mixing calcein-loaded liposomes decorated with different ligands, namely estrone and Herceptin, to treat breast cancer. We investigated the low-frequency ultrasound-mediated
release of calcein from the synthesized liposomes (control, estrone-modified, Herceptin-modified, and mixed estrone and Herceptin liposomes at different volume fractions). The results showed that the release increased as the power density increased and that estrone-conjugated liposomes achieved
the highest release under all test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour M. AlSawaftah
- Material Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Material Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - William G. Pitt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
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16
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Abuwatfa WH, Paul V, AlSawaftah NM, Farooq A, Awad NS, Husseini GA. In Vitro Evaluation of Ultrasound Effectiveness in Controlling Doxorubicin Release from Albumin-Conjugated Liposomes. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized liposomes are among the most promising antineoplastic agents delivery vehicles. Contemporaneous to their accretion at the tumor site, they need to be potentiated to release their cargo using a suitable triggering modality. In this work, targeted Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded
stealth liposomes were synthesized and functionalized with Human Serum Albumin (HSA) to target the overexpressed HSA receptors (HSA-Rs). The effects of low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) in inducing DOX release from the synthesized liposomes were investigated In Vitro. DOX release increased
with the increasing power density of ultrasound. HSA conjugation to the liposomes increased their sensitivity to LFUS. Furthermore, HSA conjugation also enhanced the liposome’s cytotoxic activity and uptake by the cancer cells overexpressing HSA-Rs. This cytotoxic activity and cellular
uptake were further enhanced by triggering drug release from those targeted liposomes using LFUS. Combining HSA-targeted liposomes with LFUS is a promising approach in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waad H. Abuwatfa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - Vinod Paul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - Nour M. AlSawaftah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - Afifa Farooq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - Nahid S. Awad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
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17
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AlSawaftah NM, Paul V, Awad NS, Husseini GA. Effect of High-Frequency Ultrasound on Targeted Liposomes. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Delivering highly toxic drugs inside a safe carrier to tumors while achieving controlled and effective drug release at the targeted sites represents an attractive approach to enhance drug efficiency while reducing its undesirable side effects. Functionalization of highly biocompatible
nanocarriers such as liposomes conjugated with targeting moieties enhances their ability to target specific cancer cells overexpressing the targeted receptors. Furthermore, upon their accumulation at the target site, high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) can be used to stimulate the controlled
release of the loaded drugs. Here, the US-mediated drug release from calcein-loaded non-pegylated, pegylated as well as targeted-pegylated liposomes modified with human serum albumin (HSA) and transferrin (Tf) was investigated. HFUS at two different frequencies (1 MHz and 3 MHz) was found
to trigger calcein release, with higher release rates recorded at the lower frequency (i.e., 1 MHz) compared to the higher frequency (i.e., 3 MHz) despite a higher power density. Pegylation was found to enhance liposomal sensitivity to HFUS. In addition, targeted pegylated liposomes were more
susceptible to HFUS than non-targeted pegylated (control) liposomes. These findings show that pegylation and targeting moieties directly influence liposomal sensitivity to HFUS. Therefore, combining targeted-pegylated liposomes with HFUS represents a promising controlled and effective drug
delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour M. AlSawaftah
- Material Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - Vinod Paul
- Material Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - Nahid S. Awad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Material Science and Engineering Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, UAE
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18
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Alavi M, Kamarasu P, McClements DJ, Moore MD. Metal and metal oxide-based antiviral nanoparticles: Properties, mechanisms of action, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 306:102726. [PMID: 35785596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Certain types of metal-based nanoparticles are effective antiviral agents when used in their original form ("bare") or after their surfaces have been functionalized ("modified"), including those comprised of metals (e.g., silver) and metal oxides (e.g., zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, or iron dioxide). These nanoparticles can be prepared with different sizes, morphologies, surface chemistries, and charges, which leads to different antiviral activities. They can be used as aqueous dispersions or incorporated into composite materials, such as coatings or packaging materials. In this review, we provide an overview of the design, preparation, and characterization of metal-based nanoparticles. We then discuss their potential mechanisms of action against various kinds of viruses. Finally, the applications of some of the most common metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are discussed, including those fabricated from silver, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and titanium dioxide. In general, the major antiviral mechanisms of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been observed to be 1) attachment of nanoparticles to surface moieties of viral particles like spike glycoproteins, that disrupt viral attachment and uncoating in host cells; 2) generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that denature viral macromolecules such as nucleic acids, capsid proteins, and/or lipid envelopes; and 3) inactivation of viral glycoproteins by the disruption of the disulfide bonds of viral proteins. Several physicochemical properties of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles including size, shape, zeta potential, stability in physiological conditions, surface modification, and porosity can all impact the antiviral efficacy of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alavi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran; Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Pragathi Kamarasu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Moore
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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19
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ZHOU YUAN, Liu G, Guo S. Advances in Ultrasound-Responsive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3947-3958. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00541g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various intelligent hydrogels have been developed for biomedical applications because they can achieve multiple, variable, controllable and reversible changes in their shape and properties in a spatial and temporal manner,...
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20
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Ultrasound-Triggered Liposomes Encapsulating Quantum Dots as Safe Fluorescent Markers for Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122073. [PMID: 34959354 PMCID: PMC8705306 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a promising tool to detect and monitor tumors. However, their small size allows them to accumulate in large quantities inside the healthy cells (in addition to the tumor cells), which increases their toxicity. In this study, we synthesized stealth liposomes encapsulating hydrophilic graphene quantum dots and triggered their release with ultrasound with the goal of developing a safer and well-controlled modality to deliver fluorescent markers to tumors. Our results confirmed the successful encapsulation of the QDs inside the core of the liposomes and showed no effect on the size or stability of the prepared liposomes. Our results also showed that low-frequency ultrasound is an effective method to release QDs encapsulated inside the liposomes in a spatially and temporally controlled manner to ensure the effective delivery of QDs to tumors while reducing their systemic toxicity.
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21
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Radha R, Al-Sayah MH. Development of Liposome-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Cardiac Troponin I. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226988. [PMID: 34834080 PMCID: PMC8623906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of mortality in intensive care units worldwide. The development of a rapid method to quantify cardiac troponin I (cTnI)—the gold-standard biomarker of myocardial infarction (MI) (or “heart attack”)—becomes crucial in the early diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). This study investigates the development of an efficient fluorescent “sandwich” immunoassay using liposome-based fluorescent signal amplification and thereby enables the sensing and quantification of serum-cTnI at a concentration relevant to clinical settings. The calcein-loaded liposomes were utilized as fluorescent nano vehicles, and these have exhibited appropriate stability and efficient fluorescent properties. The standardized assay was sensitive and selective towards cTnI in both physiological buffer solutions and spiked human serum samples. The novel assay presented noble analytical results with sound dynamic linearity over a wide concentration range of 0 to 320 ng/mL and a detection limit of 6.5 ng/mL for cTnI in the spiked human serum.
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22
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Merlo-Mas J, Tomsen-Melero J, Corchero JL, González-Mira E, Font A, Pedersen JN, García-Aranda N, Cristóbal-Lecina E, Alcaina-Hernando M, Mendoza R, Garcia-Fruitós E, Lizarraga T, Resch S, Schimpel C, Falk A, Pulido D, Royo M, Schwartz S, Abasolo I, Pedersen JS, Danino D, Soldevila A, Veciana J, Sala S, Ventosa N, Córdoba A. Application of Quality by Design to the robust preparation of a liposomal GLA formulation by DELOS-susp method. J Supercrit Fluids 2021; 173:105204. [PMID: 34219919 PMCID: PMC8085735 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Robust preparation of liposomal formulation by DELOS-susp method. Implementation of Quality by Design methodology to liposomes preparation. Influence of critical parameters on quality was studied through DoE analysis. Design Space was obtained for GLA-loaded liposomes formulation.
Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disease arising from a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A (GLA). The enzyme deficiency results in an accumulation of glycolipids, which over time, leads to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal disease, ultimately leading to death in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Currently, lysosomal storage disorders are treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) through the direct administration of the missing enzyme to the patients. In view of their advantages as drug delivery systems, liposomes are increasingly being researched and utilized in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, but one of the main barriers to market is their scalability. Depressurization of an Expanded Liquid Organic Solution into aqueous solution (DELOS-susp) is a compressed fluid-based method that allows the reproducible and scalable production of nanovesicular systems with remarkable physicochemical characteristics, in terms of homogeneity, morphology, and particle size. The objective of this work was to optimize and reach a suitable formulation for in vivo preclinical studies by implementing a Quality by Design (QbD) approach, a methodology recommended by the FDA and the EMA to develop robust drug manufacturing and control methods, to the preparation of α-galactosidase-loaded nanoliposomes (nanoGLA) for the treatment of Fabry disease. Through a risk analysis and a Design of Experiments (DoE), we obtained the Design Space in which GLA concentration and lipid concentration were found as critical parameters for achieving a stable nanoformulation. This Design Space allowed the optimization of the process to produce a nanoformulation suitable for in vivo preclinical testing.
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Key Words
- BCA, Bicinchoninic acid assay
- CMA, Critical Material Attributes
- CO2, Carbon dioxide
- CPP, Critical Process Parameters
- CQA, Critical Quality Attribute
- Chol, Cholesterol
- Chol-PEG400-RGD, Cholesterol pegylated with arginyl–glycyl–aspartic (RGD) acid peptide
- CoA, Certificate of Analysis
- Cryo-TEM, Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy
- DELOS
- DELOS-susp, Depressurization of an Expanded Liquid Organic Solution into aqueous solution
- DLS, Dynamic Light Scattering
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPPC, 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DoE, Design of Experiments
- EA, Enzymatic Activity
- EE, Entrapment Efficiency
- EHS, Environment, Health and Safety
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- ERT, Enzyme Replacement Therapy
- EtOH, Ethanol
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- Fabry disease
- GLA, α-galactosidase A enzyme
- H2O, Water
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- ICH, Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
- LSD, Lysosomal storage disorders
- MKC, Myristalkonium chloride
- N2, Nitrogen
- NTA, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
- PEG, Polyethylene Glycol
- PIC, Pressure Indicator Controller
- PLS, Partial Least Squares
- PdI, Polydispersity Index
- Protein-loaded liposomes
- Pw, Working pressure
- QbD, Quality by Design
- Quality by Design
- RGD, Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid
- S-MLS, Static Multiple Light Scattering
- SAXS, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering
- SDS-PAGE, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
- SbD, Safe by Design
- Scale-up
- TFF, Tangential Flow Filtration
- TGX, Trys-Glycine eXtended
- TIC, Temperature Indicator Controller
- TSI, Turbiscan Stability Index
- Tw, Working temperature
- USP, United States Pharmacopeia
- XCO2, Carbon dioxide molar fraction
- fsingle, Ratio of monolayered liposomes
- nanoGLA, GLA-loaded nanoliposomes
- α-galactosidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Merlo-Mas
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Judit Tomsen-Melero
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Corchero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elisabet González-Mira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jannik N Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Natalia García-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Functional Validation and Preclinical Research, Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar Cristóbal-Lecina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Susanne Resch
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Falk
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Pulido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simó Schwartz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Functional Validation and Preclinical Research, Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Functional Validation and Preclinical Research, Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Dganit Danino
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santi Sala
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Córdoba
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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23
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AlSawaftah N, Pitt WG, Husseini GA. Dual-Targeting and Stimuli-Triggered Liposomal Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1028-1049. [PMID: 34151199 PMCID: PMC8205246 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of chemotherapeutics to solid tumors using smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs) takes advantage of the unique physiology of tumors (i.e., disordered structure, leaky vasculature, abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM), and limited lymphatic drainage) to deliver anticancer drugs with reduced systemic side effects. Liposomes are the most promising of such SDDSs and have been well investigated for cancer therapy. To improve the specificity, bioavailability, and anticancer efficacy of liposomes at the diseased sites, other strategies such as targeting ligands and stimulus-sensitive liposomes have been developed. This review highlights relevant surface functionalization techniques and stimuli-mediated drug release for enhanced delivery of anticancer agents at tumor sites, with a special focus on dual functionalization and design of multistimuli responsive liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour AlSawaftah
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - William G. Pitt
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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24
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AlSawaftah NM, Awad NS, Paul V, Kawak PS, Al-Sayah MH, Husseini GA. Transferrin-modified liposomes triggered with ultrasound to treat HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11589. [PMID: 34078930 PMCID: PMC8172941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted liposomes are designed to target specific receptors overexpressed on the surfaces of cancer cells. This technique ensures site-specific drug delivery to reduce undesirable side effects while enhancing the efficiency of the encapsulated therapeutics. Upon reaching the tumor site, these liposomes can be triggered to release their content in a controlled manner using ultrasound (US). In this study, drug release from pegylated calcein-loaded liposomes modified with transferrin (Tf) and triggered with US was evaluated. Low-frequency ultrasound at 20-kHz using three different power densities (6.2 mW/cm2, 9 mW/cm2 and 10 mW/cm2) was found to increase calcein release. In addition, transferrin-conjugated pegylated liposomes (Tf-PEG liposomes) were found to be more sonosensitive compared to the non-targeted (control) liposomes. Calcein uptake by HeLa cells was found to be significantly higher with the Tf-PEG liposomes compared to the non-targeted control liposomes. This uptake was further enhanced following the exposure to low-frequency ultrasound (at 35 kHz). These findings show that targeted liposomes triggered with US have promising potential as a safe and effective drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour M AlSawaftah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Nahid S Awad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Vinod Paul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Paul S Kawak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammad H Al-Sayah
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, PO. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ghaleb A Husseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE.
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25
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Bargathulla I, Aadhil Ashwaq B, Sathiyaraj S, Sultan Nasar A, ElangovanVellaichamy. Pegylated bis-indolyl polyurethane dendrimer: Empty drug carrier with prominent anticancer activity. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Awad N, Paul V, AlSawaftah NM, ter Haar G, Allen TM, Pitt WG, Husseini GA. Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers in Cancer Treatment: A Review. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:589-612. [PMID: 33860189 PMCID: PMC8033618 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The safe and effective delivery of anticancer agents to diseased tissues is one of the significant challenges in cancer therapy. Conventional anticancer agents are generally cytotoxins with poor pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Nanocarriers are nanosized particles designed for the selectivity of anticancer drugs and gene transport to tumors. They are small enough to extravasate into solid tumors, where they slowly release their therapeutic load by passive leakage or biodegradation. Using smart nanocarriers, the rate of release of the entrapped therapeutic(s) can be increased, and greater exposure of the tumor cells to the therapeutics can be achieved when the nanocarriers are exposed to certain internally (enzymes, pH, and temperature) or externally (light, magnetic field, and ultrasound) applied stimuli that trigger the release of their load in a safe and controlled manner, spatially and temporally. This review gives a comprehensive overview of recent research findings on the different types of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers and their application in cancer treatment with a particular focus on ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid
S. Awad
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vinod Paul
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour M. AlSawaftah
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gail ter Haar
- Joint
Department of Physics, The Institute of
Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5NG, U.K.
| | - Theresa M. Allen
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - William G. Pitt
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Gleue L, Schupp J, Zimmer N, Becker E, Frey H, Tuettenberg A, Helm M. Stability of Alkyl Chain-Mediated Lipid Anchoring in Liposomal Membranes. Cells 2020; 9:E2213. [PMID: 33003620 PMCID: PMC7599733 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid exchange among biological membranes, lipoprotein particles, micelles, and liposomes is an important yet underrated phenomenon with repercussions throughout the life sciences. The premature loss of lipid molecules from liposomal formulations severely impacts therapeutic applications of the latter and thus limits the type of lipids and lipid conjugates available for fine-tuning liposomal properties. While cholesterol derivatives, with their irregular lipophilic surface shape, are known to readily undergo lipid exchange and interconvert, e.g., with serum, the situation is unclear for lipids with regular, linear-shaped alkyl chains. This study compares the propensity of fluorescence-labeled lipid conjugates of systematically varied lengths to migrate from liposomal particles consisting mainly of egg phosphatidyl choline 3 (EPC3) and cholesterol into biomembranes. We show that dialkyl glyceryl lipids with chains of 18-20 methylene units are inherently stable in liposomal membranes. In contrast, C16 lipids show some lipid exchange, albeit significantly less than comparable cholesterol conjugates. Remarkably, the C18 chain length, which confers noticeable anchor stability, corresponds to the typical chain length in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gleue
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Schupp
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Niklas Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Eyleen Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (H.F.)
| | - Andrea Tuettenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
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Yuan C, Liu Y, Wang T, Sun M, Chen X. Nanomaterials as Smart Immunomodulator Delivery System for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4774-4798. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Yuan
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Sun
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China
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29
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Mozafari M, Al-Maadeed MASA. Biomaterials Science and Engineering in the Middle East. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Fujie T, Yoshimoto M. Rapid leakage from PEGylated liposomes triggered by bubbles. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9537-9546. [PMID: 31712795 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01820d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are applicable to fabrication of colloidal carriers of drugs and proteins. Physicochemical stimuli-triggered leakage from liposomes offers a wide variety of applications in biochemical and biomedical fields. In this work, effects of bubbles on the characteristics of PEGylated liposomes encapsulating 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein were examined. The liposomes were composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1-10 mol% 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG). The mean molecular mass Mr,PEG of the PEG moiety was 550 or 5000. A bubble column was used for generating air bubbles at a superficial gas velocity of 0.58-0.88 cm s-1. Leakage from the PEGylated liposomes was remarkably accelerated at 25 or 40 °C by introducing air to a liposome suspension at pH 7.4, whereas the dye molecules practically remained encapsulated in the liposomes being suspended in static liquid. The apparent rate constant for the dye release from the liposomes composed of DOPC and 1 mol% DSPE-PEG (Mr,PEG = 5000) being suspended in the gas-liquid flow was 168 times larger than that obtained with respect to the same liposomes in static liquid. Leakage from non-PEGylated liposomes was not pronounced even in the gas-liquid flow. Furthermore, the release rate of the dye from the PEGylated liposomes in liquid shear flow (no bubble) was clearly smaller than that in the gas-liquid flow, meaning that the interaction between bubbles and the liposomes was responsible for the observed rapid leakage. Adsorption of the PEGylated lipids to bubbles was indicated to induce leaky lipid bilayers, which was discussed on the basis of the conformational state of the PEG moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Fujie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan.
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