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Hubáček M, Wey LT, Kourist R, Malihan-Yap L, Nikkanen L, Allahverdiyeva Y. Strong heterologous electron sink outcompetes alternative electron transport pathways in photosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39008444 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Improvement of photosynthesis requires a thorough understanding of electron partitioning under both natural and strong electron sink conditions. We applied a wide array of state-of-the-art biophysical and biochemical techniques to thoroughly investigate the fate of photosynthetic electrons in the engineered cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a blueprint for photosynthetic biotechnology, expressing the heterologous gene for ene-reductase, YqjM. This recombinant enzyme catalyses the reduction of an exogenously added substrate into the desired product by utilising photosynthetically produced NAD(P)H, enabling whole-cell biotransformation. Through coupling the biotransformation reaction with biophysical measurements, we demonstrated that the strong artificial electron sink, outcompetes the natural electron valves, the flavodiiron protein-driven Mehler-like reaction and cyclic electron transport. These results show that ferredoxin-NAD(P)H-oxidoreductase is the preferred route for delivering photosynthetic electrons from reduced ferredoxin and the cellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio as a key factor in orchestrating photosynthetic electron flux. These insights are crucial for understanding molecular mechanisms of photosynthetic electron transport and harnessing photosynthesis for sustainable bioproduction by engineering the cellular source/sink balance. Furthermore, we conclude that identifying the bioenergetic bottleneck of a heterologous electron sink is a crucial prerequisite for targeted engineering of photosynthetic biotransformation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hubáček
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Laura T Wey
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Lenny Malihan-Yap
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
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2
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Elhajj S, Gozem S. First and Second Reductions in an Aprotic Solvent: Comparing Computational and Experimental One-Electron Reduction Potentials for 345 Quinones. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 38970475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Using reference reduction potentials of quinones recently measured relative to the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), we benchmark absolute one-electron reduction potentials computed for 345 Q/Q•- and 265 Q•-/Q2- half-reactions using adiabatic electron affinities computed with density functional theory and solvation energies computed with four continuum solvation models: IEF-PCM, C-PCM, COSMO, and SM12. Regression analyses indicate a strong linear correlation between experimental and absolute computed Q/Q•- reduction potentials with Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) between 0.95 and 0.96 and the mean absolute error (MAE) relative to the linear fit between 83.29 and 89.51 mV for different solvation methods when the slope of the regression is constrained to 1. The same analysis for Q•-/Q2- gave a linear regression with r between 0.74 and 0.90 and MAE between 95.87 and 144.53 mV, respectively. The y-intercept values obtained from the linear regressions are in good agreement with the range of absolute reduction potentials reported in the literature for the SCE but reveal several sources of systematic error. The y-intercepts from Q•-/Q2- calculations are lower than those from Q/Q•- by around 320-410 mV for IEF-PCM, C-PCM, and SM12 compared to 210 mV for COSMO. Systematic errors also arise between molecules having different ring sizes (benzoquinones, naphthoquinones, and anthraquinones) and different substituents (titratable vs nontitratable). SCF convergence issues were found to be a source of random error that was slightly reduced by directly optimizing the solute structure in the continuum solvent reaction field. While SM12 MAEs were lower than those of the other solvation models for Q/Q•-, SM12 had larger MAEs for Q•-/Q2- pointing to a larger error when describing multiply charged anions in DMF. Altogether, the results highlight the advantages of, and further need for, testing computational methods using a large experimental data set that is not skewed (e.g., having more titratable than nontitratable substituents on different parent groups or vice versa) to help further distinguish between sources of random and systematic errors in the calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elhajj
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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3
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Carceller JM, Arias KS, Climent MJ, Iborra S, Corma A. One-pot chemo- and photo-enzymatic linear cascade processes. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38965865 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00595j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The combination of chemo- and photocatalyses with biocatalysis, which couples the flexible reactivity of the photo- and chemocatalysts with the highly selective and environmentally friendly nature of enzymes in one-pot linear cascades, represents a powerful tool in organic synthesis. However, the combination of photo-, chemo- and biocatalysts in one-pot is challenging because the optimal operating conditions of the involved catalyst types may be rather different, and the different stabilities of catalysts and their mutual deactivation are additional problems often encountered in one-pot cascade processes. This review explores a large number of transformations and approaches adopted for combining enzymes and chemo- and photocatalytic processes in a successful way to achieve valuable chemicals and valorisation of biomass. Moreover, the strategies for solving incompatibility issues in chemo-enzymatic reactions are analysed, introducing recent examples of the application of non-conventional solvents, enzyme-metal hybrid catalysts, and spatial compartmentalization strategies to implement chemo-enzymatic cascade processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Carceller
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - K S Arias
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M J Climent
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Iborra
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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4
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Yu J, Zhang Q, Zhao B, Wang T, Zheng Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Huang X. Repurposing Visible-Light-Excited Ene-Reductases for Diastereo- and Enantioselective Lactones Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402673. [PMID: 38656534 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Repurposing enzymes to catalyze non-natural asymmetric transformations that are difficult to achieve using traditional chemical methods is of significant importance. Although radical C-O bond formation has emerged as a powerful approach for constructing oxygen-containing compounds, controlling the stereochemistry poses a great challenge. Here we present the development of a dual bio-/photo-catalytic system comprising an ene-reductase and an organic dye for achieving stereoselective lactonizations. By integrating directed evolution and photoinduced single electron oxidation, we repurposed engineered ene-reductases to steer non-natural radical C-O formations (one C-O bond for hydrolactonizations and lactonization-alkylations while two C-O bonds for lactonization-oxygenations). This dual catalysis gave a new approach to a diverse array of enantioenhanced 5- and 6-membered lactones with vicinal stereocenters, part of which bears a quaternary stereocenter (up to 99 % enantiomeric excess, up to 12.9 : 1 diastereomeric ratio). Detailed mechanistic studies, including computational simulations, uncovered the synergistic effect of the enzyme and the externally added organophotoredox catalyst Rh6G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tianhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
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5
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Li K, Zou H, Tong X, Yang H. Enhanced Photobiocatalytic Cascades at Pickering Droplet Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17054-17065. [PMID: 38870463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Developing new methods to engineer photobiocatalytic reactions is of utmost significance for artificial photosynthesis, but it remains a grand challenge due to the intrinsic incompatibility of biocatalysts with photocatalysts. In this work, photocatalysts and enzymes were spatially colocalized at Pickering droplet interfaces, where the reaction microenvironment and the spatial distance between two distinct catalysts were exquisitely regulated to achieve unprecedented photobiocatalytic cascade reactions. As proof of the concept, ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets loaded with Au nanoparticles were precisely positioned in the outer interfacial layer of Pickering oil droplets to produce H2O2 under light irradiation, while enzymes were exactly placed in the inner interfacial layer to catalyze the subsequent biocatalytic oxidation reactions using in situ formed H2O2 as an oxidant. In the alkene epoxidation and thioether oxidation, our interfacial photobiocatalytic cascades showed a 2.0-5.8-fold higher overall reaction efficiency than the photobiocatalytic cascades in the bulk water phase. It was demonstrated that spatial localization of the photocatalyst and the enzyme at Pickering oil droplet interfaces not only provided their respective preferable reaction environments and intimate proximity for rapid H2O2 transport but also protected the enzyme from oxidative inactivation caused by the photogenerated species. These remarkable interfacial effects contributed to the significantly enhanced photobiocatalytic cascading efficiency. Our work presents an innovative photobiocatalytic reaction system with manifold benefits, providing a cutting-edge platform for solar-driven chemical transformations via photobiocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Houbing Zou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Shanxi Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xili Tong
- National Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Value-added Chemicals Green Catalysis Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Shanxi Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Chen B, Li R, Feng J, Zhao B, Zhang J, Yu J, Xu Y, Xing Z, Zhao Y, Wang B, Huang X. Modular Access to Chiral Amines via Imine Reductase-Based Photoenzymatic Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14278-14286. [PMID: 38727720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of catalysts serves as the cornerstone of innovation in synthesis, as exemplified by the recent discovery of photoenzymes. However, the repertoire of naturally occurring enzymes repurposed by direct light excitation to catalyze new-to-nature photobiotransformations is currently limited to flavoproteins and keto-reductases. Herein, we shed light on imine reductases (IREDs) that catalyze the remote C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation, providing a previously elusive radical hydroalkylation of enamides for accessing chiral amines (45 examples with up to 99% enantiomeric excess). Beyond their natural function in catalyzing two-electron reductive amination reactions, upon direct visible-light excitation or in synergy with a synthetic photoredox catalyst, IREDs are repurposed to tune the non-natural photoinduced single-electron radical processes. By conducting wet mechanistic experiments and computational simulations, we unravel how engineered IREDs direct radical intermediates toward the productive and enantioselective pathway. This work represents a promising paradigm for harnessing nature's catalysts for new-to-nature asymmetric transformations that remain challenging through traditional chemocatalytic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinhai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhongqiu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Garg A, Rendina D, Bendale H, Akiyama T, Ojima I. Recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Front Chem 2024; 12:1398397. [PMID: 38783896 PMCID: PMC11112575 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1398397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis stands at the forefront of modern chemistry, serving as a cornerstone for the efficient creation of enantiopure chiral molecules characterized by their high selectivity. In this review, we delve into the realm of asymmetric catalytic reactions, which spans various methodologies, each contributing to the broader landscape of the enantioselective synthesis of chiral molecules. Transition metals play a central role as catalysts for a wide range of transformations with chiral ligands such as phosphines, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), etc., facilitating the formation of chiral C-C and C-X bonds, enabling precise control over stereochemistry. Enantioselective photocatalytic reactions leverage the power of light as a driving force for the synthesis of chiral molecules. Asymmetric electrocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach, being both atom-efficient and environmentally friendly, while offering a versatile toolkit for enantioselective reductions and oxidations. Biocatalysis relies on nature's most efficient catalysts, i.e., enzymes, to provide exquisite selectivity, as well as a high tolerance for diverse functional groups under mild conditions. Thus, enzymatic optical resolution, kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution have revolutionized the production of enantiopure compounds. Enantioselective organocatalysis uses metal-free organocatalysts, consisting of modular chiral phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen components, facilitating remarkably efficient and diverse enantioselective transformations. Additionally, unlocking traditionally unreactive C-H bonds through selective functionalization has expanded the arsenal of catalytic asymmetric synthesis, enabling the efficient and atom-economical construction of enantiopure chiral molecules. Incorporating flow chemistry into asymmetric catalysis has been transformative, as continuous flow systems provide precise control over reaction conditions, enhancing the efficiency and facilitating optimization. Researchers are increasingly adopting hybrid approaches that combine multiple strategies synergistically to tackle complex synthetic challenges. This convergence holds great promise, propelling the field of asymmetric catalysis forward and facilitating the efficient construction of complex molecules in enantiopure form. As these methodologies evolve and complement one another, they push the boundaries of what can be accomplished in catalytic asymmetric synthesis, leading to the discovery of novel, highly selective transformations which may lead to groundbreaking applications across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Garg
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Dominick Rendina
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Hersh Bendale
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Iwao Ojima
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Stony Brook University, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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8
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Aleksandrov A, Bonvalet A, Müller P, Sorigué D, Beisson F, Antonucci L, Solinas X, Joffre M, Vos MH. Catalytic Mechanism of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase: On the Detection and Stability of the Initial Carbonyloxy Radical Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401376. [PMID: 38466236 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP), light-induced formation of the primary radical product RCOO⋅ from fatty acid RCOO- occurs in 300 ps, upon which CO2 is released quasi-immediately. Based on the hypothesis that aliphatic RCOO⋅ (spectroscopically uncharacterized because unstable) absorbs in the red similarly to aromatic carbonyloxy radicals such as 2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxy radical (DCB⋅), much longer-lived linear RCOO⋅ has been suggested recently. We performed quantum chemical reaction pathway and spectral calculations. These calculations are in line with the experimental DCB⋅ decarboxylation dynamics and spectral properties and show that in contrast to DCB⋅, aliphatic RCOO⋅ radicals a) decarboxylate with a very low energetic barrier and on the timescale of a few ps and b) exhibit little red absorption. A time-resolved infrared spectroscopy experiment confirms very rapid, ≪300 ps RCOO⋅ decarboxylation in FAP. We argue that this property is required for the observed high quantum yield of hydrocarbons formation by FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Aleksandrov
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Adeline Bonvalet
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pavel Müller
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Damien Sorigué
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Fred Beisson
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Laura Antonucci
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Xavier Solinas
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Manuel Joffre
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marten H Vos
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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9
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Yang L, Guo X, Yang Y, Duan G, Chen K, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Z. Mechanically Controlled Enzymatic Polymerization and Remodeling. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:401-406. [PMID: 38511967 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In nature, proteins possess the remarkable ability to sense and respond to mechanical forces, thereby triggering various biological events, such as bone remodeling and muscle regeneration. However, in synthetic systems, harnessing the mechanical force to induce material growth still remains a challenge. In this study, we aimed to utilize low-frequency ultrasound (US) to activate horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and catalyze free radical polymerization. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of this mechano-enzymatic chemistry in rapidly remodeling the properties of materials through cross-linking polymerization and surface coating. The resulting samples exhibited a significant enhancement in tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus. Moreover, the hydrophobicity of the surface could be completely switched within just 30 min of US treatment. This work presents a novel approach for incorporating mechanical sensing and rapid remodeling capabilities into materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yiyan Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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10
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Taylor A, Zhang S, Johannissen LO, Sakuma M, Phillips RS, Green AP, Hay S, Heyes DJ, Scrutton NS. Mechanistic implications of the ternary complex structural models for the photoenzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. FEBS J 2024; 291:1404-1421. [PMID: 38060334 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The photoenzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) is an important enzyme for understanding biological H-transfer mechanisms. It uses light to catalyse the reduction of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide, a key step in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Although a wealth of spectroscopic data have provided crucial mechanistic insight, a structural rationale for POR photocatalysis has proved challenging and remains hotly debated. Recent structural models of the ternary enzyme-substrate complex, derived from crystal and electron microscopy data, show differences in the orientation of the protochlorophyllide substrate and the architecture of the POR active site, with significant implications for the catalytic mechanism. Here, we use a combination of computational and experimental approaches to investigate the compatibility of each structural model with the hypothesised reaction mechanisms and propose an alternative structural model for the cyanobacterial POR ternary complex. We show that a strictly conserved tyrosine, previously proposed to act as the proton donor in POR photocatalysis, is unlikely to be involved in this step of the reaction but is crucial for Pchlide binding. Instead, an active site cysteine is important for both hydride and proton transfer reactions in POR and is proposed to act as the proton donor, either directly or through a water-mediated network. Moreover, a conserved glutamine is important for Pchlide binding and ensuring efficient photochemistry by tuning its electronic properties, likely by interacting with the central Mg atom of the substrate. This optimal 'binding pose' for the POR ternary enzyme-substrate complex illustrates how light energy can be harnessed to facilitate enzyme catalysis by this unique enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Taylor
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Linus O Johannissen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Michiyo Sakuma
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Robert S Phillips
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anthony P Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Derren J Heyes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
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11
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Bols ML, Ma J, Rammal F, Plessers D, Wu X, Navarro-Jaén S, Heyer AJ, Sels BF, Solomon EI, Schoonheydt RA. In Situ UV-Vis-NIR Absorption Spectroscopy and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2352-2418. [PMID: 38408190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights in situ UV-vis-NIR range absorption spectroscopy in catalysis. A variety of experimental techniques identifying reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and structural properties are discussed. Stopped flow techniques, use of laser pulses, and use of experimental perturbations are demonstrated for in situ studies of enzymatic, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and photocatalysis. They access different time scales and are applicable to different reaction systems and catalyst types. In photocatalysis, femto- and nanosecond resolved measurements through transient absorption are discussed for tracking excited states. UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopies for structural characterization are demonstrated especially for Cu and Fe exchanged zeolites and metalloenzymes. This requires combining different spectroscopies. Combining magnetic circular dichroism and resonance Raman spectroscopy is especially powerful. A multitude of phenomena can be tracked on transition metal catalysts on various supports, including changes in oxidation state, adsorptions, reactions, support interactions, surface plasmon resonances, and band gaps. Measurements of oxidation states, oxygen vacancies, and band gaps are shown on heterogeneous catalysts, especially for electrocatalysis. UV-vis-NIR absorption is burdened by broad absorption bands. Advanced analysis techniques enable the tracking of coking reactions on acid zeolites despite convoluted spectra. The value of UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy to catalyst characterization and mechanistic investigation is clear but could be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Bols
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), University of Ghent, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fatima Rammal
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Plessers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xuejiao Wu
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Navarro-Jaén
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander J Heyer
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bert F Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert A Schoonheydt
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Ran C, Pu K. Molecularly generated light and its biomedical applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314468. [PMID: 37955419 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly generated light, referred to here as "molecular light", mainly includes bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, and Cerenkov luminescence. Molecular light possesses unique dual features of being both a molecule and a source of light. Its molecular nature enables it to be delivered as molecules to regions deep within the body, overcoming the limitations of natural sunlight and physically generated light sources like lasers and LEDs. Simultaneously, its light properties make it valuable for applications such as imaging, photodynamic therapy, photo-oxidative therapy, and photobiomodulation. In this review article, we provide an updated overview of the diverse applications of molecular light and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of molecular light across various domains. Lastly, we present forward-looking perspectives on the potential of molecular light in the realms of molecular imaging, photobiological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and photobiomodulation. While some of these perspectives may be considered bold and contentious, our intent is to inspire further innovations in the field of molecular light applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Ujfalusi-Pozsonyi K, Bódis E, Nyitrai M, Kengyel A, Telek E, Pécsi I, Fekete Z, Varnyuné Kis-Bicskei N, Mas C, Moussaoui D, Pernot P, Tully MD, Weik M, Schirò G, Kapetanaki SM, Lukács A. ATP-dependent conformational dynamics in a photoactivated adenylate cyclase revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Commun Biol 2024; 7:147. [PMID: 38307988 PMCID: PMC10837130 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural insights into the photoactivated adenylate cyclases can be used to develop new ways of controlling cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels for optogenetic and other applications. In this work, we use an integrative approach that combines biophysical and structural biology methods to provide insight on the interaction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with the dark-adapted state of the photoactivated adenylate cyclase from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acuminata (OaPAC). A moderate affinity of the nucleotide for the enzyme was calculated and the thermodynamic parameters of the interaction have been obtained. Stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy and small-angle solution scattering have revealed significant conformational changes in the enzyme, presumably in the adenylate cyclase (AC) domain during the allosteric mechanism of ATP binding to OaPAC with small and large-scale movements observed to the best of our knowledge for the first time in the enzyme in solution upon ATP binding. These results are in line with previously reported drastic conformational changes taking place in several class III AC domains upon nucleotide binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ujfalusi-Pozsonyi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - E Bódis
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - M Nyitrai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Kengyel
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - E Telek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - I Pécsi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Z Fekete
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - C Mas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, EMBL, ISBG, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - D Moussaoui
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - P Pernot
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - M D Tully
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - M Weik
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - G Schirò
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - S M Kapetanaki
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - A Lukács
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary.
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14
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Singh PP, Sinha S, Nainwal P, Singh PK, Srivastava V. Novel applications of photobiocatalysts in chemical transformations. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2590-2601. [PMID: 38226143 PMCID: PMC10788709 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis has proven to be an effective approach for the production of reactive intermediates under moderate reaction conditions. The possibility for the green synthesis of high-value compounds using the synergy of photocatalysis and biocatalysis, benefiting from the selectivity of enzymes and the reactivity of photocatalysts, has drawn growing interest. Mechanistic investigations, substrate analyses, and photobiocatalytic chemical transformations will all be incorporated in this review. We seek to shed light on upcoming synthetic opportunities in the field by precisely describing mechanistically unique techniques in photobiocatalytic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, United College of Engineering & Research Prayagraj U. P.-211010 India
| | - Surabhi Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, United College of Engineering & Research Prayagraj U. P.-211010 India
| | - Pankaj Nainwal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun Uttarakhand India
| | - Pravin K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad Prayagraj U. P.-211002 India
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad Prayagraj U. P.-211002 India
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15
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De Santis P, Wegstein D, Burek BO, Patzsch J, Alcalde M, Kroutil W, Bloh JZ, Kara S. Robust Light Driven Enzymatic Oxyfunctionalization via Immobilization of Unspecific Peroxygenase. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300613. [PMID: 37357147 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Unspecific peroxygenases have attracted interest in synthetic chemistry, especially for the oxidative activation of C-H bonds, as they only require hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) instead of a cofactor. Due to their instability in even small amounts of H2 O2 , different strategies like enzyme immobilization or in situ H2 O2 production have been developed to improve the stability of these enzymes. While most strategies have been studied separately, a combination of photocatalysis with immobilized enzymes was only recently reported. To show the advantages and limiting factors of immobilized enzyme in a photobiocatalytic reaction, a comparison is made between free and immobilized enzymes. Adjustment of critical parameters such as (i) enzyme and substrate concentration, (ii) illumination wavelength and (iii) light intensity results in significantly increased enzyme stabilities of the immobilized variant. Moreover, under optimized conditions a turnover number of 334,500 was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera De Santis
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Deborah Wegstein
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - Bastien O Burek
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Patzsch
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis ICP CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Field of Excellence BioHealt, BioTechMed, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jonathan Z Bloh
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Cheng J, Zhang C, Zhang K, Li J, Hou Y, Xin J, Sun Y, Xu C, Xu W. Cyanobacteria-Mediated Light-Driven Biotransformation: The Current Status and Perspectives. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42062-42071. [PMID: 38024730 PMCID: PMC10653055 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Most chemicals are manufactured by traditional chemical processes but at the expense of toxic catalyst use, high energy consumption, and waste generation. Biotransformation is a green, sustainable, and cost-effective process. As cyanobacteria can use light as the energy source to power the synthesis of NADPH and ATP, using cyanobacteria as the chassis organisms to design and develop light-driven biotransformation platforms for chemical synthesis has been gaining attention, since it can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the sustainable and green production of chemicals. Meanwhile, metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques have tremendous prospects for further engineering and optimizing chassis cells to achieve efficient light-driven systems for synthesizing various chemicals. Here, we display the potential of cyanobacteria as a promising light-driven biotransformation platform for the efficient synthesis of green chemicals and current achievements of light-driven biotransformation processes in wild-type or genetically modified cyanobacteria. Meanwhile, future perspectives of one-pot enzymatic cascade biotransformation from biobased materials in cyanobacteria have been proposed, which could provide additional research insights for green biotransformation and accelerate the advancement of biomanufacturing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chaobo Zhang
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea,
School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
- Xiamen
Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration,
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean
and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jiashun Li
- Xiamen
Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration,
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean
and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuyong Hou
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotech-nology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jiachao Xin
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chengshuai Xu
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
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17
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Agustinus B, Gillam EMJ. Solar-powered P450 catalysis: Engineering electron transfer pathways from photosynthesis to P450s. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112242. [PMID: 37187017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing focus on green chemistry, biocatalysis is becoming more widely used in the pharmaceutical and other chemical industries for sustainable production of high value and structurally complex chemicals. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are attractive biocatalysts for industrial application due to their ability to transform a huge range of substrates in a stereo- and regiospecific manner. However, despite their appeal, the industrial application of P450s is limited by their dependence on costly reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and one or more auxiliary redox partner proteins. Coupling P450s to the photosynthetic machinery of a plant allows photosynthetically-generated electrons to be used to drive catalysis, overcoming this cofactor dependency. Thus, photosynthetic organisms could serve as photobioreactors with the capability to produce value-added chemicals using only light, water, CO2 and an appropriate chemical as substrate for the reaction/s of choice, yielding new opportunities for producing commodity and high-value chemicals in a carbon-negative and sustainable manner. This review will discuss recent progress in using photosynthesis for light-driven P450 biocatalysis and explore the potential for further development of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadius Agustinus
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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18
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Sui Y, Guo X, Zhou R, Fu Z, Chai Y, Xia A, Zhao W. Photoenzymatic Decarboxylation to Produce Hydrocarbon Fuels: A Critical Review. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00775-2. [PMID: 37349610 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoenzymatic decarboxylation shows great promise as a pathway for the generation of hydrocarbon fuels. CvFAP, which is derived from Chlorella variabilis NC64A, is a photodecarboxylase capable of converting fatty acids into hydrocarbons. CvFAP is an example of coupling biocatalysis and photocatalysis to produce alkanes. The catalytic process is mild, and it does not yield toxic substances or excess by-products. However, the activity of CvFAP can be readily inhibited by several factors, and further enhancement is required to improve the enzyme yield and stability. In this article, we will examine the latest advancements in CvFAP research, with a particular focus on the enzyme's structural and catalytic mechanism, summarized some limitations in the application of CvFAP, and laboratory-level methods for enhancing enzyme activity and stability. This review can serve as a reference for future large-scale industrial production of hydrocarbon fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Sui
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhisong Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yingxin Chai
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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19
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Gómez Fernández MA, Hoffmann N. Photocatalytic Transformation of Biomass and Biomass Derived Compounds-Application to Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:4746. [PMID: 37375301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass and biomass-derived compounds have become an important alternative feedstock for chemical industry. They may replace fossil feedstocks such as mineral oil and related platform chemicals. These compounds may also be transformed conveniently into new innovative products for the medicinal or the agrochemical domain. The production of cosmetics or surfactants as well as materials for different applications are examples for other domains where new platform chemicals obtained from biomass can be used. Photochemical and especially photocatalytic reactions have recently been recognized as being important tools of organic chemistry as they make compounds or compound families available that cannot be or are difficultly synthesized with conventional methods of organic synthesis. The present review gives a short overview with selected examples on photocatalytic reactions of biopolymers, carbohydrates, fatty acids and some biomass-derived platform chemicals such as furans or levoglucosenone. In this article, the focus is on application to organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Andrés Gómez Fernández
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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20
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Emmanuel MA, Bender SG, Bilodeau C, Carceller JM, DeHovitz JS, Fu H, Liu Y, Nicholls BT, Ouyang Y, Page CG, Qiao T, Raps FC, Sorigué DR, Sun SZ, Turek-Herman J, Ye Y, Rivas-Souchet A, Cao J, Hyster TK. Photobiocatalytic Strategies for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5459-5520. [PMID: 37115521 PMCID: PMC10905417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has revolutionized chemical synthesis, providing sustainable methods for preparing various organic molecules. In enzyme-mediated organic synthesis, most reactions involve molecules operating from their ground states. Over the past 25 years, there has been an increased interest in enzymatic processes that utilize electronically excited states accessed through photoexcitation. These photobiocatalytic processes involve a diverse array of reaction mechanisms that are complementary to one another. This comprehensive review will describe the state-of-the-art strategies in photobiocatalysis for organic synthesis until December 2022. Apart from reviewing the relevant literature, a central goal of this review is to delineate the mechanistic differences between the general strategies employed in the field. We will organize this review based on the relationship between the photochemical step and the enzymatic transformations. The review will include mechanistic studies, substrate scopes, and protein optimization strategies. By clearly defining mechanistically-distinct strategies in photobiocatalytic chemistry, we hope to illuminate future synthetic opportunities in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Emmanuel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sophie G Bender
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Catherine Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jose M Carceller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Institute of Chemical Technology (ITQ), Universitat Politècnica de València, València 46022,Spain
| | - Jacob S DeHovitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Haigen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Bryce T Nicholls
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yao Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Claire G Page
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tianzhang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Felix C Raps
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Damien R Sorigué
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Shang-Zheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joshua Turek-Herman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ariadna Rivas-Souchet
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jingzhe Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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21
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Gupta V, Yadav RK, Umar A, Ibrahim AA, Singh S, Shahin R, Shukla RK, Tiwary D, Dwivedi DK, Singh AK, Singh AK, Baskoutas S. Highly Efficient Self-Assembled Activated Carbon Cloth-Templated Photocatalyst for NADH Regeneration and Photocatalytic Reduction of 4-Nitro Benzyl Alcohol. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript emphasizes how structural assembling can facilitate the generation of solar chemicals and the synthesis of fine chemicals under solar light, which is a challenging task via a photocatalytic pathway. Solar energy utilization for pollution prevention through the reduction of organic chemicals is one of the most challenging tasks. In this field, a metal-based photocatalyst is an optional technique but has some drawbacks, such as low efficiency, a toxic nature, poor yield of photocatalytic products, and it is expensive. A metal-free activated carbon cloth (ACC)–templated photocatalyst is an alternative path to minimize these drawbacks. Herein, we design the synthesis and development of a metal-free self-assembled eriochrome cyanine R (EC-R) based ACC photocatalyst (EC-R@ACC), which has a higher molar extinction coefficient and an appropriate optical band gap in the visible region. The EC-R@ACC photocatalyst functions in a highly effective manner for the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitro benzyl alcohol (4-NBA) into 4-amino benzyl alcohol (4-ABA) with a yield of 96% in 12 h. The synthesized EC-R@ACC photocatalyst also regenerates reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor with a yield of 76.9% in 2 h. The calculated turnover number (TON) of the EC-R@ACC photocatalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol is 1.769 × 1019 molecules. The present research sets a new benchmark example in the area of organic transformation and artificial photocatalysis.
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22
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France SP, Lewis RD, Martinez CA. The Evolving Nature of Biocatalysis in Pharmaceutical Research and Development. JACS AU 2023; 3:715-735. [PMID: 37006753 PMCID: PMC10052283 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is a highly valued enabling technology for pharmaceutical research and development as it can unlock synthetic routes to complex chiral motifs with unparalleled selectivity and efficiency. This perspective aims to review recent advances in the pharmaceutical implementation of biocatalysis across early and late-stage development with a focus on the implementation of processes for preparative-scale syntheses.
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23
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Rousseau BJG, Migliore A, Stanley RJ, Beratan DN. Adenine Fine-Tunes DNA Photolyase's Repair Mechanism. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2941-2954. [PMID: 36947863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The comparative study of DNA repair by mesophilic and extremophilic photolyases helps us understand the evolution of these enzymes and their role in preserving life on our changing planet. The mechanism of repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesions in DNA by electron transfer from the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor is the subject of intense interest. The role of adenine in mediating this process remains unresolved. Using microsecond molecular dynamics simulations, we find that adenine mediates the electron transfer in both mesophile and extremophile DNA photolyases through a similar mechanism. In fact, in all photolyases studied, the molecular conformations with the largest electronic couplings between the enzyme cofactor and DNA show the presence of adenine in 10-20% of the strongest-coupling tunneling pathways between the atoms of the electron donor and acceptor. Our theoretical analysis finds that adenine serves the critical role of fine-tuning rather than maximizing the donor-acceptor coupling within the range appropriate for the repair function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J G Rousseau
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Agostino Migliore
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Robert J Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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24
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Okamoto Y, Mabuchi T, Nakane K, Ueno A, Sato S. Switching Type I/Type II Reactions by Turning a Photoredox Catalyst into a Photo-Driven Artificial Metalloenzyme. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Okamoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Mabuchi
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Keita Nakane
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akiko Ueno
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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25
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Xing X, Liu Y, Lin RD, Zhang Y, Wu ZL, Yu XQ, Li K, Wang N. Development of an Integrated System for Highly Selective Photoenzymatic Synthesis of Formic Acid from CO 2. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201956. [PMID: 36482031 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a Zr-based dual-ligand MOFs with pre-installed Rh complex was employed for NADH regeneration in situ and also used for immobilization of formic acid dehydrogenase (FDH) in order to realize a highly efficient CO2 fixation system. Then, based on the detailed investigations into the photochemical and electrochemical properties, it is demonstrated that the introduction of the photosensitive meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphin (TCPP) ligands increased the catalytic active sites and improved photoelectric properties. Furthermore, the electron mediator Rh complex, anchored on the zirconium-based dual-ligand MOFs, enhanced the efficiency of electron transfer efficiency and facilitated the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Compared with UiO-66-NH2 , Rh-H2 TCPP-UiO-66-NH2 exhibits an optimized valence band structure and significantly improved photocatalytic activity for NAD+ reduction, resulting the synthesis of formic acid from CO2 increased from 150 μg mL-1 (UiO-66-NH2 ) to 254 μg mL-1 (Rh-H2 TCPP-UiO-66-NH2 ). Moreover, the assembled photocatalyst-enzyme coupled system also allows facile recycling of expensive electron mediator, enzyme, and photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ru-De Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Liu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China
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26
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Kommedal EG, Angeltveit CF, Klau LJ, Ayuso-Fernández I, Arstad B, Antonsen SG, Stenstrøm Y, Ekeberg D, Gírio F, Carvalheiro F, Horn SJ, Aachmann FL, Eijsink VGH. Visible light-exposed lignin facilitates cellulose solubilization by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1063. [PMID: 36828821 PMCID: PMC9958194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze oxidative cleavage of crystalline polysaccharides such as cellulose and are crucial for the conversion of plant biomass in Nature and in industrial applications. Sunlight promotes microbial conversion of plant litter; this effect has been attributed to photochemical degradation of lignin, a major redox-active component of secondary plant cell walls that limits enzyme access to the cell wall carbohydrates. Here, we show that exposing lignin to visible light facilitates cellulose solubilization by promoting formation of H2O2 that fuels LPMO catalysis. Light-driven H2O2 formation is accompanied by oxidation of ring-conjugated olefins in the lignin, while LPMO-catalyzed oxidation of phenolic hydroxyls leads to the required priming reduction of the enzyme. The discovery that light-driven abiotic reactions in Nature can fuel H2O2-dependent redox enzymes involved in deconstructing lignocellulose may offer opportunities for bioprocessing and provides an enzymatic explanation for the known effect of visible light on biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik G Kommedal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Camilla F Angeltveit
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Leesa J Klau
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Iván Ayuso-Fernández
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Arstad
- SINTEF Industry, Process Chemistry and Functional Materials, 0373, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simen G Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Ekeberg
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Francisco Gírio
- National Laboratory of Energy and Geology (LNEG), 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Svein J Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn Lillelund Aachmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway.
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27
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Schreier MR, Pfund B, Steffen DM, Wenger OS. Photocatalytic Regeneration of a Nicotinamide Adenine Nucleotide Mimic with Water-Soluble Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7636-7643. [PMID: 36731131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NADH) is involved in many biologically relevant redox reactions, and the photochemical regeneration of its oxidized form (NAD+) under physiological conditions is of interest for combined photo- and biocatalysis. Here, we demonstrate that tri-anionic, water-soluble variants of typically very lipophilic iridium(III) complexes can photo-catalyze the reduction of an NAD+ mimic in a comparatively efficient manner. In combination with a well-known rhodium co-catalyst to facilitate regioselective reactions, these iridium(III) photo-reductants outcompete the commonly used [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) photosensitizer in water by up to 1 order of magnitude in turnover frequency. This improved reactivity is attributable to the strong excited-state electron donor properties and the good chemical robustness of the tri-anionic iridium(III) sensitizers, combined with their favorable Coulombic interaction with the di-cationic rhodium co-catalyst. Our findings seem relevant in the greater context of photobiocatalysis, for which access to strong, efficient, and robust photoreductants with good water solubility can be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam R Schreier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Street Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,National Competence Center in Research, Molecular Systems Engineering, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Street Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debora M Steffen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Street Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Street Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,National Competence Center in Research, Molecular Systems Engineering, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Long C, He Y, Guan Z. Emerging Strategies for Asymmetric Synthesis: Combining Enzyme Promiscuity and Photo‐/Electro‐redox Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Jiu Long
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
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29
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Deska J. Coding Synthetic Chemistry Strategies for Furan Valorization into Bacterial Designer Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201790. [PMID: 36416391 PMCID: PMC10107124 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Following a synthetic chemistry blueprint for the valorization of lignocellulosic platform chemicals, this study showcases a so far unprecedented approach to implement non-natural enzyme modules in vivo. For the design of a novel functional whole cell tool, two purely abiotic transformations, a styrene monooxygenase-catalyzed Achmatowicz rearrangement and an alcohol dehydrogenase-mediated borrowing hydrogen redox isomerization, were incorporated into a recombinant bacterial host. Introducing this type of chemistry otherwise unknown in biosynthesis, the cellular factories were enabled to produce complex lactone building blocks in good yield from bio-based furan substrates. This whole cell system streamlined the synthetic cascade, eliminated isolation and purification steps, and provided a high degree of stereoselectivity that has so far been elusive in the chemical methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chang Liu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA.I. Virtasen aukio 100560HelsinkiFinland
- Department of ChemistryAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Zhong‐Liu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied MicrobiologyEnvironmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Jan Deska
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA.I. Virtasen aukio 100560HelsinkiFinland
- Department of ChemistryAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
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30
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Huang R, Zhi N, Yu L, Li Y, Wu X, He J, Zhu H, Qiao J, Liu X, Tian C, Wang J, Dong M. Genetically Encoded Photosensitizer Protein Reduces Iron–Sulfur Clusters of Radical SAM Enzymes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Zhi
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yaoyang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiale He
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongji Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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31
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Design and Applications of Enzyme-Linked Nanostructured Materials for Efficient Bio-catalysis. Top Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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32
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Kumar A, Pandey SS, Kumar D, Tripathi BN. Genetic manipulation of photosynthesis to enhance crop productivity under changing environmental conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:1-21. [PMID: 36319887 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Current global agricultural production needs to be increased to feed the unconstrained growing population. The changing climatic condition due to anthropogenic activities also makes the conditions more challenging to meet the required crop productivity in the future. The increase in crop productivity in the post green revolution era most likely became stagnant, or no major enhancement in crop productivity observed. In this review article, we discuss the emerging approaches for the enhancement of crop production along with dealing to the future climate changes like rise in temperature, increase in precipitation and decrease in snow and ice level, etc. At first, we discuss the efforts made for the genetic manipulation of chlorophyll metabolism, antenna engineering, electron transport chain, carbon fixation, and photorespiratory processes to enhance the photosynthesis of plants and to develop tolerance in plants to cope with changing environmental conditions. The application of CRISPR to enhance the crop productivity and develop abiotic stress-tolerant plants to face the current changing climatic conditions is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India
| | - Shiv Shanker Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India.
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Department of Botany and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246 174, India.
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484886, India
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33
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Kaya C, Birgül K, Bülbül B. Fundamentals of chirality, resolution, and enantiopure molecule synthesis methods. Chirality 2023; 35:4-28. [PMID: 36366874 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The chirality of molecules is a concept that explains the interactions in nature. We may observe the same formula but different organizations revolving around the chiral center. Since Pasteur's meticulous observation of sodium ammonium tartrate crystals' structure, scientists have discovered many features of chiral molecules. The number of newly approved single enantiomeric drugs increases every year and takes place in the market. Thus, separation or resolution methods of racemic mixtures are of continued importance in the efficacy of drugs, installation of affordable production processes, and convenient synthetic chemistry practice. This article presents the asymmetric synthesis approaches and the classification of direct resolution methods of chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Kaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Altınbaş University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaan Birgül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
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34
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Spasic J, Oliveira P, Pacheco C, Kourist R, Tamagnini P. Engineering cyanobacterial chassis for improved electron supply toward a heterologous ene-reductase. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:152-159. [PMID: 36370921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are noteworthy hosts for industrially relevant redox reactions, owing to a light-driven cofactor recycling system using water as electron donor. Customizing Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 chassis by redirecting electron flow offers a particularly interesting approach to further improve light-driven biotransformations. Therefore, different chassis expressing the heterologous ene-reductase YqjM (namely ΔhoxYH, Δflv3, ΔndhD2 and ΔhoxYHΔflv3) were generated/evaluated. The results showed the robustness of the chassis, that exhibited growth and oxygen evolution rates similar to Synechocystis wild-type, even when expressing YqjM. By engineering the electron flow, the YqjM light-driven stereoselective reduction of 2-methylmaleimide to 2-methylsuccinimide was significantly enhanced in all chassis. In the best performing chassis (ΔhoxYH, lacking an active bidirectional hydrogenase) a 39 % increase was observed, reaching an in vivo specific activity of 116 U gDCW-1 and an initial reaction rate of 16.7 mM h-1. In addition, the presence of the heterologous YqjM mitigated substrate toxicity, and the conversion of 2-methylmaleimide increased oxygen evolution rates, in particular at higher light intensity. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that rational engineering of electron transfer pathways is a valid strategy to increase in vivo specific activities and initial reaction rates in cyanobacterial chassis harboring oxidoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Spasic
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paulo Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pacheco
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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35
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Chanquia SN, Benfeldt FV, Petrovai N, Santner P, Hollmann F, Eser BE, Kara S. Immobilization and Application of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200482. [PMID: 36222011 PMCID: PMC10099500 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2017, the fatty acid decarboxylase (FAP) photoenzyme has been the focus of extensive research, given its ability to convert fatty acids into alka(e)nes using merely visible blue light. Unfortunately, there are still some drawbacks that limit the applicability of this biocatalyst, such as poor solubility of the substrates in aqueous media, poor photostability, and the impossibility of reusing the catalyst for several cycles. In this work, we demonstrate the use of FAP in non-conventional media as a free enzyme and an immobilized preparation. Namely, its applicability in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and a proof-of-concept immobilization using a commercial His-tag selective carrier, a thorough study of reaction and immobilization conditions in each case, as well as reusability studies are shown. We observed an almost complete selectivity of the enzyme towards C18 decarboxylation over C16 when used in a DES, with a product analytical yield up to 81 % when using whole cells. Furthermore, when applying the immobilized enzyme in DES, we obtained yields >10-fold higher than the ones obtained in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Nahuel Chanquia
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frederik Vig Benfeldt
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Noémi Petrovai
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paul Santner
- Enzyme Engineering Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Enzyme Engineering Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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36
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Taylor A, Heyes DJ, Scrutton NS. Catalysis by Nature's photoenzymes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 77:102491. [PMID: 36323132 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoenzymes use light to initiate biochemical reactions. Although rarely found in nature, their study has advanced understanding of how light energy can be harnessed to facilitate enzyme catalysis, which is also of importance to the design and engineering of man-made photocatalysts. Natural photoenzymes can be assigned to one of two families, based broadly on the nature of the light-sensing chromophores used, those being chlorophyll-like tetrapyrroles or flavins. In all cases, light absorption leads to excited state electron transfer, which in turn initiates photocatalysis. Reviewed here are recent findings relating to the structures and mechanisms of known photoenzymes. We highlight recent advances that have deepened understanding of mechanisms in biological photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Taylor
- Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Derren J Heyes
- Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/DerrenHeyes
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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37
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Valotta A, Malihan-Yap L, Hinteregger K, Kourist R, Gruber-Woelfler H. Design and Investigation of a Photocatalytic Setup for Efficient Biotransformations Within Recombinant Cyanobacteria in Continuous Flow. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201468. [PMID: 36069133 PMCID: PMC9828554 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photo- and biocatalysis show many advantages as more sustainable solutions for the production of fine chemicals. In an effort to combine the benefits and the knowledge of both these areas, a continuous photobiocatalytic setup was designed and optimized to carry out whole-cell biotransformations within cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 expressing the gene of the ene-reductase YqjM from B. subtilis. The effect of the light intensity and flow rate on the specific activity in the stereoselective reduction of 2-methyl maleimide was investigated via a design-of-experiments approach. The cell density in the setup was further increased at the optimal operating conditions without loss in specific activity, demonstrating that the higher surface area/volume ratio in the coil reactor improved the illumination efficiency of the process. Furthermore, different reactor designs were compared, proving that the presented approach was the most cost- and time-effective solution for intensifying photobiotransformations within cyanobacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Valotta
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lenny Malihan-Yap
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kerstin Hinteregger
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- ACIB GmbH, Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
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38
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Simić S, Jakštaitė M, Huck WTS, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Strategies for Transferring Photobiocatalysis to Continuous Flow Exemplified by Photodecarboxylation of Fatty Acids. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14040-14049. [PMID: 36439034 PMCID: PMC9680640 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The challenges of light-dependent biocatalytic transformations of lipophilic substrates in aqueous media are manifold. For instance, photolability of the catalyst as well as insufficient light penetration into the reaction vessel may be further exacerbated by a heterogeneously dispersed substrate. Light penetration may be addressed by performing the reaction in continuous flow, which allows two modes of applying the catalyst: (i) heterogeneously, immobilized on a carrier, which requires light-permeable supports, or (ii) homogeneously, dissolved in the reaction mixture. Taking the light-dependent photodecarboxylation of palmitic acid catalyzed by fatty-acid photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis (CvFAP) as a showcase, strategies for the transfer of a photoenzyme-catalyzed reaction into continuous flow were identified. A range of different supports were evaluated for the immobilization of CvFAP, whereby Eupergit C250 L was the carrier of choice. As the photostability of the catalyst was a limiting factor, a homogeneous system was preferred instead of employing the heterogenized enzyme. This implied that photolabile enzymes may preferably be applied in solution if repair mechanisms cannot be provided. Furthermore, when comparing different wavelengths and light intensities, extinction coefficients may be considered to ensure comparable absorption at each wavelength. Employing homogeneous conditions in the CvFAP-catalyzed photodecarboxylation of palmitic acid afforded a space-time yield unsurpassed by any reported batch process (5.7 g·L-1·h-1, 26.9 mmol·L-1·h-1) for this reaction, demonstrating the advantage of continuous flow in attaining higher productivity of photobiocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simić
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Miglė Jakštaitė
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field
of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed
Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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39
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Hu WY, Li K, Weitz A, Wen A, Kim H, Murray JC, Cheng R, Chen B, Naowarojna N, Grinstaff MW, Elliott SJ, Chen JS, Liu P. Light-Driven Oxidative Demethylation Reaction Catalyzed by a Rieske-Type Non-heme Iron Enzyme Stc2. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14559-14570. [PMID: 37168530 PMCID: PMC10168674 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rieske-type non-heme iron oxygenases/oxidases catalyze a wide range of transformations. Their applications in bioremediation or biocatalysis face two key barriers: the need of expensive NAD(P)H as a reductant and a proper reductase to mediate the electron transfer from NAD(P)H to the oxygenases. To bypass the need of both the reductase and NAD(P)H, using Rieske-type oxygenase (Stc2) catalyzed oxidative demethylation as the model system, we report Stc2 photocatalysis using eosin Y/sulfite as the photosensitizer/sacrificial reagent pair. In a flow-chemistry setting to separate the photo-reduction half-reaction and oxidation half-reaction, Stc2 photo-biocatalysis outperforms the Stc2-NAD(P)H-reductase (GbcB) system. In addition, in a few other selected Rieske enzymes (NdmA, CntA, and GbcA), and a flavin-dependent enzyme (iodotyrosine deiodinase, IYD), the eosin Y/sodium sulfite photo-reduction pair could also serve as the NAD(P)H-reductase surrogate to support catalysis, which implies the potential applicability of this photo-reduction system to other redox enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Andrew Weitz
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Aiwen Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Hyomin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Jessica C. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Ronghai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Baixiong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Nathchar Naowarojna
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Sean J. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
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40
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Zeng Y, Yin X, Liu L, Zhang W, Chen B. Comparative characterization and physiological function of putative fatty acid photodecarboxylases. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Malihan‐Yap L, Grimm HC, Kourist R. Recent Advances in Cyanobacterial Biotransformations. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Malihan‐Yap
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Hanna C. Grimm
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Kourist
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz 8010 Graz Austria
- ACIB GmbH 8010 Graz Austria
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42
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43
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Ramos De Dios SM, Tiwari VK, McCune CD, Dhokale RA, Berkowitz DB. Biomacromolecule-Assisted Screening for Reaction Discovery and Catalyst Optimization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13800-13880. [PMID: 35904776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction discovery and catalyst screening lie at the heart of synthetic organic chemistry. While there are efforts at de novo catalyst design using computation/artificial intelligence, at its core, synthetic chemistry is an experimental science. This review overviews biomacromolecule-assisted screening methods and the follow-on elaboration of chemistry so discovered. All three types of biomacromolecules discussed─enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids─have been used as "sensors" to provide a readout on product chirality exploiting their native chirality. Enzymatic sensing methods yield both UV-spectrophotometric and visible, colorimetric readouts. Antibody sensors provide direct fluorescent readout upon analyte binding in some cases or provide for cat-ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay)-type readouts. DNA biomacromolecule-assisted screening allows for templation to facilitate reaction discovery, driving bimolecular reactions into a pseudo-unimolecular format. In addition, the ability to use DNA-encoded libraries permits the barcoding of reactants. All three types of biomacromolecule-based screens afford high sensitivity and selectivity. Among the chemical transformations discovered by enzymatic screening methods are the first Ni(0)-mediated asymmetric allylic amination and a new thiocyanopalladation/carbocyclization transformation in which both C-SCN and C-C bonds are fashioned sequentially. Cat-ELISA screening has identified new classes of sydnone-alkyne cycloadditions, and DNA-encoded screening has been exploited to uncover interesting oxidative Pd-mediated amido-alkyne/alkene coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virendra K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Christopher D McCune
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ranjeet A Dhokale
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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44
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Natural photoredox catalysts promote light-driven lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase reactions and enzymatic turnover of biomass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204510119. [PMID: 35969781 PMCID: PMC9407654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204510119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze oxidative cleavage of crystalline polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin and are important for biomass conversion in the biosphere as well as in biorefineries. The target polysaccharides of LPMOs naturally occur in copolymeric structures such as plant cell walls and insect cuticles that are rich in phenolic compounds, which contribute rigidity and stiffness to these materials. Since these phenolics may be photoactive and since LPMO action depends on reducing equivalents, we hypothesized that LPMOs may enable light-driven biomass conversion. Here, we show that redox compounds naturally present in shed insect exoskeletons enable harvesting of light energy to drive LPMO reactions and thus biomass conversion. The primary underlying mechanism is that irradiation of exoskeletons with visible light leads to the generation of H2O2, which fuels LPMO peroxygenase reactions. Experiments with a cellulose model substrate show that the impact of light depends on both light and exoskeleton dosage and that light-driven LPMO activity is inhibited by a competing H2O2-consuming enzyme. Degradation experiments with the chitin-rich exoskeletons themselves show that solubilization of chitin by a chitin-active LPMO is promoted by light. The fact that LPMO reactions, and likely reactions catalyzed by other biomass-converting redox enzymes, are fueled by light-driven abiotic reactions in nature provides an enzyme-based explanation for the known impact of visible light on biomass conversion.
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45
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Lorenzi M, Gamache MT, Redman HJ, Land H, Senger M, Berggren G. Light-Driven [FeFe] Hydrogenase Based H 2 Production in E. coli: A Model Reaction for Exploring E. coli Based Semiartificial Photosynthetic Systems. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:10760-10767. [PMID: 36035441 PMCID: PMC9400101 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid technologies like semiartificial photosynthesis are attracting increased attention, as they enable the combination of highly efficient synthetic light-harvesters with the self-healing and outstanding performance of biocatalysis. However, such systems are intrinsically complex, with multiple interacting components. Herein, we explore a whole-cell photocatalytic system for hydrogen (H2) gas production as a model system for semiartificial photosynthesis. The employed whole-cell photocatalytic system is based on Escherichia coli cells heterologously expressing a highly efficient, but oxygen-sensitive, [FeFe] hydrogenase. The system is driven by the organic photosensitizer eosin Y under broad-spectrum white light illumination. The direct involvement of the [FeFe] hydrogenase in the catalytic reaction is verified spectroscopically. We also observe that E. coli provides protection against O2 damage, underscoring the suitability of this host organism for oxygen-sensitive enzymes in the development of (photo) catalytic biohybrid systems. Moreover, the study shows how factorial experimental design combined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be employed to identify relevant variables, as well as their interconnectivity, on both overall catalytic performance and O2 tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lorenzi
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mira T. Gamache
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holly J. Redman
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Land
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Moritz Senger
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav Berggren
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Wang Z, Hu Y, Zhang S, Sun Y. Artificial photosynthesis systems for solar energy conversion and storage: platforms and their realities. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6704-6737. [PMID: 35815740 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01008e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In natural photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms such as green plants realize efficient solar energy conversion and storage by integrating photosynthetic components on the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, researchers have developed many artificial photosynthesis systems (APS's) that integrate various photocatalysts and biocatalysts to convert and store solar energy in the fields of resource, environment, food, and energy. To improve the system efficiency and reduce the operation cost, reaction platforms are introduced in APS's since they allow for great stability and continuous processing. A systematic understanding of how a reaction platform affects the performance of artificial photosynthesis is conducive for designing an APS with superb solar energy utilization. In this review, we discuss the recent APS's researches, especially those confined on/in platforms. The importance of different platforms and their influences on APS's performance are emphasized. Generally, confined platforms can enhance the stability and repeatability of both photocatalysts and biocatalysts in APS's as well as improve the photosynthetic performance due to the proximity effect. For functional platforms that can participate in the artificial photosynthesis reactions as active parts, a high integration of APS's components on/in these platforms can lead to efficient electron transfer, enhanced light-harvesting, or synergistic catalysis, resulting in superior photosynthesis performance. Therefore, the integration of APS's components is beneficial for the transfer of substrates and photoexcited electrons in artificial photosynthesis. We finally summarize the current challenges of APS's development and further efforts on the improvement of APS's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Songping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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47
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Barata‐Vallejo S, Yerien DE, Postigo A. Bioinspired Photocatalyzed Organic Synthetic Transformations. The Use of Natural Pigments and Vitamins in Photocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Barata‐Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junin 954 CP 1113- Buenos Aires Argentina
- Istituto per la Sintesis Organica e la Fotorreattivita, ISOF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Damian E. Yerien
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junin 954 CP 1113- Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junin 954 CP 1113- Buenos Aires Argentina
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48
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Russo C, Brunelli F, Tron GC, Giustiniano M. Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Water. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6284-6293. [PMID: 35700388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of water in organic synthesis draws attention to its green chemistry features and its unique ability to unveil unconventional reactivities. Herein, literature about the use of water as a reaction medium under visible-light photocatalytic conditions is summarized in order to highlight challenges and opportunities. Accordingly, this Synopsis has been divided into four different sections focused on (1) the unconventional role of water in photocatalytic reactions, (2) in-/on-water reactions, (3) water-soluble photocatalysts, and (4) photomicellar catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunelli
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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49
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Hwang SY, Song D, Seo EJ, Hollmann F, You Y, Park JB. Triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon-upconversion to broaden the wavelength spectrum for photobiocatalysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9397. [PMID: 35672399 PMCID: PMC9174481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiocatalysis is a growing field of biocatalysis. Especially light-driven enzyme catalysis has contributed significantly to expanding the scope of synthetic organic chemistry. However, photoenzymes usually utilise a rather narrow wavelength range of visible (sun)light. Triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion (TTA-UC) of long wavelength light to shorter wavelength light may broaden the wavelength range. To demonstrate the feasibility of light upconversion we prepared TTA-UC poly(styrene) (PS) nanoparticles doped with platinum(II) octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) photosensitizer and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) annihilator (PtOEP:DPA@PS) for application in aqueous solutions. Photoexcitation of PtOEP:DPA@PS nanoparticles with 550 nm light led to upconverted emission of DPA 418 nm. The TTA-UC emission could photoactivate flavin-dependent photodecarboxylases with a high energy transfer efficiency. This allowed the photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A to catalyse the decarboxylation of fatty acids into long chain secondary alcohols under green light (λ = 550 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yeun Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoon Song
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Youngmin You
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Byung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Roy S, Paul H, Chatterjee I. Light‐Mediated Aminocatalysis: The Dual‐Catalytic Ability Enabling New Enantioselective Route. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Roy
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry INDIA
| | - Hrishikesh Paul
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry INDIA
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar Chemistry Nangal Road 140001 Rupnagar INDIA
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