1
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Takagi K, Hayashi S, Sugie S. Unraveling the activity and stability of cationic tellurium activators in Ritter-type reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39328125 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03268c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
We carried out Ritter-type reactions using two kinds of cationic tellurium activators. Compared with the trivalent dianisylmethyltelluronium cation, the divalent telluroviologen derivatives showed higher activity and better stability. Telluroviologen activator could cleave the C-OH bond of benzhydrol and the reaction was accelerated under LED light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Hayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Souma Sugie
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
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2
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Mondal H. Halogen and Chalcogen Activation by Nucleophilic Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402261. [PMID: 39039960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The high utility of halogenated organic compounds has prompted the development of numerous transformations that install the carbon-halogen motif. Halogen functionalities, deemed as "functional and functionalizable" molecules due to their capacity to modulate diverse internal properties, constitute a pivotal strategy in drug discovery and development. Traditional routes to these building blocks have commonly involved multiple steps, harsh reaction conditions, and the use of stoichiometric and/or toxic reagents. With the emergence of solid halogen carriers such as N-halosuccinimides, and halohydantoins as popular sources of halonium ions, the past decade has witnessed enormous growth in the development of new catalytic strategies for halofunctionalization. This review aims to provide a nuanced perspective on nucleophilic activators and their roles in halogen activation. It will highlight critical discoveries in effecting racemic and asymmetric variants of these reactions, driven by the development of new catalysts, activation modes, and improved understanding of chemical reactivity and reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriyo Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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3
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Zheng X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Deng R, Li B, Chen S, Zhu J. Multilevel Hollow-Structured Particles through Halogen-Bond Regulated Polymer Assembly under 3D Confinement. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405103. [PMID: 39229787 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Engineering of hollow particles with tunable internal structures often requires complicated processes and/or invasive cleavage. Halogen-bond driven 3D confined-assembly of block copolymers has shed light on the engineering of polymer organization along with the fabricating of unique nanostructures. Herein, a family of multilevel hollow-structured particles (e.g., fully porous, multi-chamber, multi-shell, and concentric multi-layer architectures) is reported via halogen-bond regulated 3D confined-assembly of amphiphilic polymer networks. To do so, polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinyl pyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO) amphiphilic triblock copolymer is selected, where P2VP blocks act as halogen acceptor. Meanwhile, poly(3-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-iodophenoxy) propyl acrylate) (PTFIPA) is employed as halogen donor. Halogen-bond driven donor-acceptor linking between PTFIPA and P2VP block presented in PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO, can lead to the formation of supramolecular polymeric networks, along with the increased P2VP domain and tunable hydrophobic volume. Therefore, an adjustable packing parameter (p) is thus anticipated, which can enable the morphology transformation sequence until an equilibrium state is reached. Moreover, computer simulations are further utilized as the tool to interpret such morphologies transition and identify the precise distribution of each component. Benefiting from the tunable hollow structure and a substantial surface for transporting purpose, these structurally novel particles open perspectives toward promising applications including encapsulation, nanoreactor, and catalyst support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihuang Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Renhua Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Baohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Senbin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
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4
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Bai X, Tian Z, Dong H, Xia N, Zhao J, Sun P, Gong G, Wang J, Wang L, Li H, Chen S. Halogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋅⋅⋅Br +⋅⋅⋅N Bonds: Robust Organic Networks Constructed by Fragile Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408428. [PMID: 38847190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic frameworks face a trade-off between the framework stability and the bond dynamics, which necessitates the development of innovative linkages that can generate stable frameworks without hindering efficient synthesis. Although iodine(I)-based halogen-bonded organic frameworks (XOFs) have been developed, constructing XOFs based on bromine(I) is desirable yet challenging due to the high sensitivity of bromine(I) species. In this work, we present the inaugural construction of stable bromine(I)-bridged two-dimensional (2D) halogen-bonded organic frameworks, XOF(Br)-TPy-BF4/OTf, based on sensitive [N⋅⋅⋅Br⋅⋅⋅N]+ halogen bonds. The formation of XOF(Br)-TPy-BF4/OTf was monitored by 1H NMR, XPS, IR, SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, SEAD. Their framework structures were established by the results from PXRD, theoretical simulations and SAXS. More importantly, XOF(Br) displayed excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. They exhibited stable two-dimensional framework structures in various organic solvents and aqueous media, even over a wide pH range (pH 3-12), while the corresponding model compounds BrPy2BF4/OTf decomposed quickly even in the presence of minimal water. Furthermore, the influence of the counterions were investigated by replacing BF4 with OTf, which improved the stability of XOF(Br). This characteristic enabled XOF(Br) to serve as an efficient oxidizing reagent in aqueous environments, in contrast with the sensitivity of BrPy2BF4/OTf, which performed well only in organic media. This study not only deepens our fundamental understanding of organic frameworks but also opens new avenues for the development and application of multifunctional XOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguan Bai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Zhennan Tian
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Hongqiang Dong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Ning Xia
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, 442002, China
| | - Jiahao Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Penghao Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Guanfei Gong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jike Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Haohu Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Shigui Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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5
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Wang M, Hou J, Do H, Wang C, Zhang X, Du Y, Dong Q, Wang L, Ni K, Ren F, An J. Intramolecular chalcogen bonding activated SuFEx click chemistry for efficient organic-inorganic linking. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6849. [PMID: 39127764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
SuFEx click chemistry demonstrates remarkable molecular assembly capabilities. However, the effective utilization of alkyl sulfonyl fluoride hubs in SuFEx chemistry, particularly in reactions with alcohols and primary amines, presents considerable challenges. This study pioneers an intramolecular chalcogen bonding activated SuFEx (S-SuFEx) click chemistry employing alkyl sulfonyl fluorides with γ-S as the activating group. The ChB-activated alkyl sulfonyl fluorides can react smoothly with phenols, alcohols, and amines, exhibiting enhanced reactivity compared to SO2F2. Excellent yields have been achieved with all 75 tested substrates. Pioneering the application of S-SuFEx chemistry, we highlight its immense potential in organic-inorganic linking, considering the critical role of interfacial covalent bonding in material fabrication. The S-SuFEx hub 1c, incorporating a trialkoxy silane group has been specifically designed and synthesized for organic-inorganic linking. In a simple step, 1c efficiently anchors various organic compounds onto surfaces of inorganic materials, forming functionalized surfaces with properties such as antibacterial activity, hydrophobicity, and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaman Hou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hainam Do
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ke Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie An
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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6
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Soldatova NS, Radzhabov AD, Ivanov DM, Burguera S, Frontera A, Abramov PA, Postnikov PS, Kukushkin VY. Key-to-lock halogen bond-based tetragonal pyramidal association of iodonium cations with the lacune rims of beta-octamolybdate. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12459-12472. [PMID: 39118643 PMCID: PMC11304769 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The structure-directing "key-to-lock" interaction of double σ-(IIII)-hole donating iodonium cations with the O-flanked pseudo-lacune rims of [β-Mo8O26]4- gives halogen-bonded iodonium-beta-octamolybate supramolecular associates. In the occurrence of their tetragonal pyramidal motifs, deep and broad σ-(IIII)-holes of a cation recognize the molybdate backbone, which provides an electronic pool localized around the two lacunae. The halogen-bonded I⋯O linkages in the structures were thoroughly studied computationally and classified as two-center, three-center bifurcated, and unconventional "orthogonal" I⋯O halogen bonds. In the latter, the O-atom approaches orthogonally the C-IIII-C plane of an iodonium cation and this geometry diverge from the IUPAC criteria for the identification of the halogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Soldatova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634050 Russian Federation
| | - Amirbek D Radzhabov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634050 Russian Federation
| | - Daniil M Ivanov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634050 Russian Federation
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Sergi Burguera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares) 07122 Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares) 07122 Spain
| | - Pavel A Abramov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634050 Russian Federation
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Av. Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Pavel S Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk 634050 Russian Federation
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemical Technology Prague 16628 Czech Republic
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
- Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Altai State University Barnaul 656049 Russian Federation
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7
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Garrido-González JJ, Medrano-Uribe K, Rosso C, Humbrías-Martín J, Dell'Amico L. Photocatalytic Synthesis and Functionalization of Sulfones, Sulfonamides and Sulfoximines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401307. [PMID: 39037368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur(VI)-based functional groups are popular scaffolds in a wide variety of research fields including synthetic and medicinal chemistry, as well as chemical biology. The growing interest in sulfur(VI)-containing molecules has motivated the scientific community to explore new methods to synthesize and modify them. Here, photocatalysis plays a key role granting access to new types of reactivity under mild reaction conditions. In this Perspective, we present a selection of works reported in the last six years focused on the photocatalytic assembly and reactivity of sulfones, sulfonamides, and sulfoximines. We addressed the key synthetic intermediates for each transformation, while discussing limitations and strength points of the protocols. Future directions of the field are finally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Garrido-González
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Katy Medrano-Uribe
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristian Rosso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Jorge Humbrías-Martín
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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8
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Liu C, Huo Y, Bu J, Yuan Z, Liang K, Xia C. Visible Light-Induced Oxy-perfluoroalkylation of Olefins via Ternary Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10805-10815. [PMID: 39008713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl iodides generally formed electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes by halogen bonding with a nitrogen atom containing Lewis bases. Since the electronegativity of the oxygen atom is stronger than that of the nitrogen atom, the resulting Rf-I···O-type halogen bonding EDA complex is less inclined to undergo electron transfer. Here, we reported rare ternary EDA complexes among perfluoroalkyl iodide, oxygen atom, and base. Mechanism experiments and density functional theory theoretical (DFT) calculations indicated that a base-promoted proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process was involved in this photochemical reaction. The intracomplex electron transfer event generated two radical species, perfluoroalkyl radical and TEMPO radical, enabling the subsequent oxy-perfluoroalkylation of olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanman Huo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jiawei Bu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhaoran Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kangjiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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9
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Groslambert L, Pale P, Mamane V. Telluronium-Catalyzed Halogenation Reactions: Chalcogen-Bond Activation of N-Halosuccinimides and Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401650. [PMID: 38785097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The ability of triaryltelluronium salts to interact with N-halosuccinimides (NXS) through chalcogen bonding (ChB) in the solid state and in solution is demonstrated herein. Cocrystals of the triaryltelluronium bearing two CF3 electron-withdrawing groups per aryl ring with N-chloro-, N-bromo- and N-iodosuccinimide (respectively NCS, NBS and NIS) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, evidencing a ChB between tellurium and the carbonyl group of NXS. This ChB was confirmed in solution by NMR spectroscopy, especially by 125Te NMR titration experiment, which allowed the determination of the association constant (Ka) between the telluronium and NBS. The so-obtained Ka value of 17.3±0.6 M-1 indicated a moderate interaction in solution because of the competitive role of the solvent. The strength of the Te⋅⋅⋅O ChB was however sufficient enough to promote the catalytic halofunctionalization of aromatics and of alkenes such as the intra- and intermolecular haloalkoxylation and haloesterification of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Groslambert
- Institute of Chemistry of Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS and Strasbourg University, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Pale
- Institute of Chemistry of Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS and Strasbourg University, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institute of Chemistry of Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS and Strasbourg University, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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10
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Jovanovic D, Poliyodath Mohanan M, Huber SM. Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnictogen, and Tetrel Bonding in Non-Covalent Organocatalysis: An Update. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404823. [PMID: 38728623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of noncovalent interactions based on electrophilic halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, or tetrel centers in organocatalysis has gained noticeable attention. Herein, we provide an overview on the most important developments in the last years with a clear focus on experimental studies and on catalysts which act via such non-transient interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Jovanovic
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Meghana Poliyodath Mohanan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan M Huber
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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11
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Sakuma M, Haraguchi R. Charge-Enhanced Reactivity of Esters by a Cationic Substituent. Org Lett 2024; 26:6148-6152. [PMID: 39008814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the high electrophilicity of carbonyl carbons attached to cationic heterocycles was observed. Triazolium-substituted esters underwent catalyst-free amidation with aliphatic amines at -50 °C and reduction with NaBH4 at -100 °C. The origin and generality of the high reactivity of these esters were systematically investigated. The findings of this work were utilized for the postmodification of N-heterocyclic carbenes, which are utilized as promising ligands in a wide range of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Sakuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Haraguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
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12
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Kim N, Jeyaraj VS, Elbert J, Seo SJ, Mironenko AV, Su X. Redox-Responsive Halogen Bonding as a Highly Selective Interaction for Electrochemical Separations. JACS AU 2024; 4:2523-2538. [PMID: 39055153 PMCID: PMC11267542 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging specific noncovalent interactions can broaden the mechanims for selective electrochemical separations beyond solely electrostatic interactions. Here, we explore redox-responsive halogen bonding (XB) for selective electrosorption in nonaqueous media, by taking advantage of directional interactions of XB alongisde a cooperative and synergistic ferrocene redox-center. We designed and evaluated a new redox-active XB donor polymer, poly(5-iodo-4-ferrocenyl-1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole) (P(FcTS-I)), for the electrochemically switchable binding and release of target organic and inorganic ions at a heterogeneous interface. Under applied potential, the oxidized ferrocene amplifies the halogen binding site, leading to significantly enhanced uptake and selectivity towards key inorganic and organic species, including chloride, bisulfate, and benzenesulfonate, compared to the open-circuit potential or the hydrogen bonding donor analog. Density functional theory calculations, as well as spectroscopic analysis, offer mechanistic insight into the degree of amplification of σ-holes at a molecular level, with selectivity modulated by charge transfer and dispersion interactions. Our work highlights the potential of XB in selective electrosorption by uniquely leveraging noncovalent interactions for redox-mediated electrochemical separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Vijaya S. Jeyaraj
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sung Jin Seo
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander V. Mironenko
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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13
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Ma W, Schmidt A, Strohmann C, Loh CCJ. Stereoselective Entry into α,α'-C-Oxepane Scaffolds through a Chalcogen Bonding Catalyzed Strain-Release C-Septanosylation Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405706. [PMID: 38687567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The utility of unconventional noncovalent interactions (NCIs) such as chalcogen bonding has lately emerged as a robust platform to access synthetically difficult glycosides stereoselectively. Herein, we disclose the versatility of a phosphonochalcogenide (PCH) catalyst to facilitate access into the challenging, but biologically interesting 7-membered ring α,α'-C-disubstituted oxepane core through an α-selective strain-release C-glycosylation. Methodically, this strategy represents a switch from more common but entropically less desired macrocyclizations to a thermodynamically favored ring-expansion approach. In light of the general lack of stereoselective methods to access C-septanosides, a remarkable palette of silyl-based nucleophiles can be reliably employed in our method. This include a broad variety of useful synthons, such as easily available silyl-allyl, silyl-enol ether, silyl-ketene acetal, vinylogous silyl-ketene acetal, silyl-alkyne and silylazide reagents. Mechanistic investigations suggest that a mechanistic shift towards an intramolecular aglycone transposition involving a pentacoordinate silicon intermediate is likely responsible in steering the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annika Schmidt
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Charles C J Loh
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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14
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McGhie L, Marotta A, Loftus PO, Seeberger PH, Funes-Ardoiz I, Molloy JJ. Photogeneration of α-Bimetalloid Radicals via Selective Activation of Multifunctional C1 Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15850-15859. [PMID: 38805091 PMCID: PMC11177267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven strategies that enable the chemoselective activation of a specific bond in multifunctional systems are comparatively underexplored in comparison to transition-metal-based technologies, yet desirable when considering the controlled exploration of chemical space. With the current drive to discover next-generation therapeutics, reaction design that enables the strategic incorporation of an sp3 carbon center, containing multiple synthetic handles for the subsequent exploration of chemical space would be highly enabling. Here, we describe the photoactivation of ambiphilic C1 units to generate α-bimetalloid radicals using only a Lewis base and light source to directly activate the C-I bond. Interception of these transient radicals with various SOMOphiles enables the rapid synthesis of organic scaffolds containing synthetic handles (B, Si, and Ge) for subsequent orthogonal activation. In-depth theoretical and mechanistic studies reveal the prominent role of 2,6-lutidine in forming a photoactive charge transfer complex and in stabilizing in situ generated iodine radicals, as well as the influential role of the boron p-orbital in the activation/weakening of the C-I bond. This simple and efficient methodology enabled expedient access to functionalized 3D frameworks that can be further derivatized using available technologies for C-B and C-Si bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McGhie
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marotta
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Patrick O. Loftus
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación Química de
la Universidad de La Rioja (IQUR), Universidad
de La Rioja Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, Spain
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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15
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Zhao Z, Liu Y, Wang Y. Weak Interaction Activates Esters: Reconciling Catalytic Activity and Turnover Contradiction by Tailored Chalcogen Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13296-13305. [PMID: 38695301 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The activation of esters by strong Lewis acids via the formation of covalent adducts is a classic strategy to give reactivity; however, this approach frequently incurs limited turnover due to the low efficiency in the dissociation of catalyst from a stable catalyst-product complex. While the use of some weak interaction catalysts that can easily dissociate from any bonding complexes in the reaction system would solve this catalyst turnover problem, the poor catalytic activity in the ester activation that can be provided by these noncovalent forces in turn sets up a formidable challenge. Herein, we describe the activation and catalytic transformation of esters by weak interactions, which provides a promising platform to reconcile the catalytic activity and turnover problems. Several tailored chalcogen-bonding catalysts were developed for the activation of esters, enabling achieving several inherently low reactive Diels-Alder reactions as well as the ring-opening polymerization of lactones through weak chalcogen bonding interactions. This supramolecular catalysis approach is particularly highlighted by its capability to promote some uncommon Diels-Alder reactions involving using dienes bearing electron-withdrawing groups coupled by α,β-unsaturated ester as dienophiles and substrate incorporating competitive Lewis basic sites, in which typical strong Lewis acids showed low catalytic efficiency, while representative hydrogen and halogen bonding catalysts were inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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16
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Yamaguchi E, Murai M, Itoh A. Halogen-Bonding-Enabled Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Addition/Cyclization Reaction Leading to Tricyclic Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6555-6563. [PMID: 38657225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions are crucial for the dual functionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Radical generation, pivotal in ATRA, has seen advancements from thermal to photochemical methods. Recent focus on halogen-bonding-based radical generation, including our group's innovative photochemical approach, offers cost-effective alternatives to transition-metal-dependent photocatalysts. This eliminates the need for high-energy UV light, enhancing the efficiency with noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamaguchi
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masanobu Murai
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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17
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Kampes R, Chettri A, Sittig M, Yang G, Zechel S, Kupfer S, Hager MD, Dietzek‐Ivanšić B, Schubert US. An Iridium Complex as Bidentate Halogen Bond-Based Anion Receptor Featuring an IncreasedOptical Response. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300183. [PMID: 38595069 PMCID: PMC11095211 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a luminescent Ir(III) complex featuring a bidentate halogen bond donor site capable of strong anion binding. The tailor-made Ir(III)(L)2 moiety offers a significantly higher emission quantum yield (8.4 %) compared to previous Ir(III)-based chemo-sensors (2.5 %). The successful binding of chloride, bromide and acetate is demonstrated using emission titrations. These experiments reveal association constants of up to 1.6×105 M-1. Furthermore, a new approach to evaluate the association constant by utilizing the shift of the emission was used for the first time. The experimentally observed characteristics are supported by quantum chemical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kampes
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Avinash Chettri
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Maria Sittig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Guangjun Yang
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek‐Ivanšić
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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18
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Zhao C, Li Y, Wang Y, Zeng Y. Cationic Hypervalent Chalcogen Bond Catalysis on the Povarov Reaction: Reactivity and Stereoselectivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400555. [PMID: 38372453 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Chalcogen bond catalysis, particularly cationic hypervalent chalcogen bond catalysis, is considered to be an effective strategy for organocatalysis. In this work, the cationic hypervalent chalcogen bond catalysis for the Povarov reaction between N-benzylideneaniline and ethyl vinyl ether was investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The catalytic reaction involves the cycloaddition process and the proton transfer process, and the rate-determining step is the cycloaddition process. Cationic hypervalent tellurium derivatives bearing CF3 and F groups exhibit superior catalytic activity. For the rate-determining step, the Gibbs free energy barrier decreases as the positive electrostatic potential of the chalcogen bond catalysts increases. More importantly, the Gibbs free energy barrier has a strong linear correlation with the electrostatic energy of the chalcogen bond in the catalyst-substrate complex. Furthermore, the catalytic reactions include the endo pathway and exo pathway. The C-H⋅⋅⋅π interaction between the substituent of the ethyl vinyl ether and the aryl ring of the N-benzylideneaniline contributes to the endo-selectivity of the reaction. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of chalcogen bond catalysis, providing insights for designing chalcogen bond catalysts with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
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19
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Yang X, Gao H, Yan J, Zhou J, Shi L. Intramolecular chaperone-assisted dual-anchoring activation (ICDA): a suitable preorganization for electrophilic halocyclization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6130-6140. [PMID: 38665529 PMCID: PMC11041335 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00581c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The halocyclization reaction represents one of the most common methodologies for the synthesis of heterocyclic molecules. Many efforts have been made to balance the relationship between structure, reactivity and selectivity, including the design of new electrophilic halogenation reagents and the utilization of activating strategies. However, discovering universal reagents or activating strategies for electrophilic halocyclization remains challenging due to the case-by-case practice for different substrates or different cyclization models. Here we report an intramolecular chaperone-assisted dual-anchoring activation (ICDA) model for electrophilic halocyclization, taking advantage of the non-covalent dual-anchoring orientation as the driving force. This protocol allows a practical, catalyst-free and rapid approach to access seven types of small-sized, medium-sized, and large-sized heterocyclic units and to realize polyene-like domino halocyclizations, as exemplified by nearly 90 examples, including a risk-reducing flow protocol for gram-scale synthesis. DFT studies verify the crucial role of ICDA in affording a suitable preorganization for transition state stabilization and X+ transfer acceleration. The utilization of the ICDA model allows a spatiotemporal adjustment to straightforwardly obtain fast, selective and high-yielding synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Yang
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haowei Gao
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jiale Yan
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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20
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Choutipalli VSK, Subramanian V. Harnessing halogen bond donors for enhanced nitrogen reduction: a case study on metal-free boron nitride single-atom catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12495-12509. [PMID: 38600843 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient catalysts for ammonia synthesis is increasingly crucial but remains a formidable challenge due to the lack of robust design criteria, particularly in addressing the activity and selectivity issues, especially in electrochemical nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR). In this study, we systematically investigated the catalytic potential of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) embedded with non-metal (C, Si, P and S) atoms as an electrocatalyst for the nitrogen reduction reaction using density functional theory (DFT) computations. The preference for non-metal-doped BN nanomaterials stems from their ability to suppress hydrogen evolution and their environmentally friendly nature, in contrast to transition metals. Among the designed single-atom catalysts (SACs), Si-doped boron nitride (SiBBN) exhibits a favorable inclination toward activating nitrogen, which is determined by the combination of advantageous molecular orbital coupling and formation of a covalent bond with the N2 molecule. Under thermal conditions, the first protonation step emerges as the rate-determining step (22.66 kcal mol-1) for SiBBN. Conversely, under electrochemical conditions, the final elementary step becomes the potential-determining step (PDS) with 2.38 eV. We explored the impact of the exogenous addition of Lewis acids (alkali metal ions, neutral boron Lewis acids, and halogen bond donors) on modulating the electrochemical NRR activity. Our results highlight the pivotal role of halogen bond donors as catalytic promoters in facilitating electron density transfer through activated N2, establishing a push-pull charge transfer mechanism that populates the distal nitrogen more than the proximal nitrogen. This facilitates the potential requirements for the first reduction step. The synergistic effect of both halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding interactions in the final reduction step was proven to be the main determinant for a significant reduction in the PDS from 2.38 to 0.10 V. Notably, this study unveils the pioneering role of halogen bond donors as promoters for NRR, providing valuable insights into the development of robust metal-free catalysts and promoters in experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Surya Kumar Choutipalli
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India.
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600 020, India
| | - Venkatesan Subramanian
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India.
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600 020, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Adyar, Chennai-600 020, India
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21
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Wang C, Krupp A, Strohmann C, Grabe B, Loh CCJ. Harnessing Multistep Chalcogen Bonding Activation in the α-Stereoselective Synthesis of Iminoglycosides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10608-10620. [PMID: 38564319 PMCID: PMC11027159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of noncovalent interactions (NCIs) has received significant attention as a pivotal synthetic handle. Recently, the exploitation of unconventional NCIs has gained considerable traction in challenging reaction manifolds such as glycosylation due to their capacity to facilitate entry into difficult-to-access sugars and glycomimetics. While investigations involving oxacyclic pyrano- or furanoside scaffolds are relatively common, methods that allow the selective synthesis of biologically important iminosugars are comparatively rare. Here, we report the capacity of a phosphonochalcogenide (PCH) to catalyze the stereoselective α-iminoglycosylation of iminoglycals with a wide array of glycosyl acceptors with remarkable protecting group tolerance. Mechanistic studies have illuminated the counterintuitive role of the catalyst in serially activating both the glycosyl donor and acceptor in the up/downstream stages of the reaction through chalcogen bonding (ChB). The dynamic interaction of chalcogens with substrates opens up new mechanistic opportunities based on iterative ChB catalyst engagement and disengagement in multiple elementary steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Wang
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut
für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anna Krupp
- Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bastian Grabe
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Charles C. J. Loh
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut
für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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22
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Grödler D, Burguera S, Frontera A, Strub E. Investigating Recurrent Matere Bonds in Pertechnetate Compounds. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400100. [PMID: 38385852 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this manuscript we evaluate the X-ray structure of five new pertechnetate derivatives of general formula [M(H2O)4(TcO4)2], M=Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn (compounds 1-5) and one perrhenate compound Zn(H2O)4(ReO4)2 (6). In these complexes the metal center exhibits an octahedral coordination with the pertechnetate units as axial ligands. All compounds exhibit the formation of directional Tc⋅⋅⋅O Matere bonds (MaBs) that propagate the [M(H2O)4(TcO4)2], into 1D supramolecular polymers in the solid state. Such 1D polymers are linked, generating 2D layers, by combining additional MaBs and hydrogen bonds (HBs). Such concurrent motifs have been analyzed theoretically, suggesting the noncovalent σ-hole nature of the MaBs. The interaction energies range from weak (~ -2 kcal/mol) for the MaBs to strong (~ -30 kcal/mol) for the MaB+HB assemblies, where HB dominates. In case of M=Zn, the corresponding perrhenate Zn(H2O)4(ReO4)2 complex, has been also synthesized for comparison purposes, resulting in the formation of an isostructural X-ray structure, corroborating the structure-directing role of Matere bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Grödler
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 45, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sergi Burguera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. De Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), SPAIN
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. De Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), SPAIN
| | - Erik Strub
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 45, 50674, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Meier E, Seichter W, Mazik M. Combination of Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds in the Crystal Structures of 5-Halogeno-1 H-isatin-3-oximes: Involvement of the Oxime Functionality in Halogen Bonding. Molecules 2024; 29:1174. [PMID: 38474688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Various functional groups have been considered as acceptors for halogen bonds, but the oxime functionality has received very little attention in this context. In this study, we focus on the analysis of the hydrogen and halogen bond preferences observed in the crystal structures of 5-halogeno-1H-isatin-3-oximes. These molecules can be involved in various non-covalent interactions, and the competition between these interactions has a decisive influence on their self-organization. In particular, we were interested to see whether the crystal structures of 5-halogeno-1H-isatin-3-oximes, especially bromine- and iodine-substituted ones, are characterized by the presence of halogen bonds formed with the oxime functionality. The oxime group proved its ability to compete with the other strong donor and acceptor sites by participating in the formation of cyclic hydrogen-bonded heterosynthons oxime∙∙∙amide and Ooxime∙∙∙Br/I halogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Meier
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Seichter
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Monika Mazik
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
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24
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Jiao Q, Guo Z, Zheng M, Lin W, Liao Y, Yan W, Liu T, Xu C. Anion-Bridged Dual Hydrogen Bond Enabled Concerted Addition of Phenol to Glycal. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308513. [PMID: 38225720 PMCID: PMC10953558 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A noncovalent organocatalytic concerted addition of phenol to glycal is developed for the stereoselective and regioselective construction of biologically important phenolic 2-deoxyglycosides, featuring wide substrate tolerance. The method relies on an anion-bridged dual hydrogen bond interaction which is experimentally proved by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis), and fluorescence analysis. Experimental evidence including kinetic analysis, Kinetic Isotope Effect (KIE) studies, linear free energy relationship, Hammett plot, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations is provided for a concerted mechanism where a high-energy oxocarbenium ion is not formed. In addition, the potential utility of this method is further demonstrated by the synthesis of biologically active glycosylated flavones. The benchmarking studies demonstrate significant advances in this newly developed method compared to previous approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Jiao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Zhenbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityWeijin Road No. 94Tianjin300071China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Mingwen Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Yujie Liao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Weitao Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Tianfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityWeijin Road No. 94Tianjin300071China
| | - Chunfa Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
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25
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Herrmann B, Svatunek D. Directionality of Halogen-Bonds: Insights from 2D Energy Decomposition Analysis. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301106. [PMID: 38390759 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Halogen bonds are typically observed to have a linear arrangement with a 180° angle between the nucleophile and the halogen bond acceptor X-R. This linearity is commonly explained using the σ-hole model, although there have been alternative explanations involving exchange repulsion forces. We employ two-dimensional Distortion/Interaction and Energy Decomposition Analysis to examine the archetypal H3 N⋯X2 halogen bond systems. Our results indicate that although halogen bonds are predominantly electrostatic, their directionality is largely due to decreased Pauli repulsion in linear configurations as opposed to angled ones in the I2 and Br2 systems. As we move to the smaller halogens, Cl2 and F2 , the influence of Pauli repulsion diminishes, and the energy surface is shaped by orbital interactions and electrostatic forces. These results support the role of exchange repulsion forces in influencing the directionality of strong halogen bonds. Additionally, we demonstrate that the 2D Energy Decomposition Analysis is a useful tool for enhancing our understanding of the nature of potential energy surfaces in noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Herrmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Guo H, Kirchhoff JL, Strohmann C, Grabe B, Loh CCJ. Exploiting π and Chalcogen Interactions for the β-Selective Glycosylation of Indoles through Glycal Conformational Distortion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316667. [PMID: 38116860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing unconventional noncovalent interactions (NCIs) is emerging as a formidable synthetic approach in difficult-to-access glycosidic chemical space. C-Glycosylation, in particular, has gained a flurry of recent attention. However, most reported methods are restricted to the relatively facile access to α-C-glycosides. Herein, we disclose a β-stereoselective glycosylation of indoles by employing a phosphonoselenide catalyst. The robustness of this protocol is exemplified by its amenability for reaction at both the indolyl C- and N- reactivity sites. In contrast to previous reports, in which the chalcogens were solely involved in Lewis acidic activation, our mechanistic investigation unraveled that the often neglected flanking aromatic substituents of phosphonoselenides can substantially contribute to catalysis by engaging in π-interactions. Computations and NMR spectroscopy indicated that the chalcogenic and aromatic components of the catalyst can be collectively exploited to foster conformational distortion of the glycal away from the usual half-chair to the boat conformation, which liberates the convex β-face for nucleophilic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan-Lukas Kirchhoff
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bastian Grabe
- NMR Department, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Charles C J Loh
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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27
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Murata R, Shitamichi K, Hiramatsu M, Matsubara S, Uraguchi D, Asano K. trans-Cyclooctenes as Scavengers of Bromine Involved in Catalytic Bromination. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303399. [PMID: 38117956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Scavengers that capture reactive chemical substances are used to prevent the decomposition of materials. However, in the field of catalysis, the development of scavengers that inhibit background pathways has attracted little attention, although the concept will open up an otherwise inaccessible reaction space. In catalytic bromination, fast non-catalyzed background reactions disturb the catalytic control of the selectivity, even when using N-bromoamide reagents, which have a milder reactivity than bromine (Br2 ). Here, we developed a trans-cyclooctene (TCO) bearing a 2-pyridylethyl group to efficiently retard background reactions by capturing Br2 in bromocyclization using N-bromosuccinimide. The use of less than a stoichiometric amount of the TCO was sufficient to inhibit non-catalyzed reactions, and mechanistic studies using the TCO revealed that in situ-generated Br2 provides non-catalyzed reaction pathways based on a chain mechanism. The TCO is useful as an additive for improving enantioselectivity and regioselectivity in catalytic reactions. Cooperative systems using the TCO with selective catalysts offer an alternative strategy for optimizing catalyst-controlled selectivity during bromination. Moreover, it also served as an indicator of Br2 involved in catalytic reaction pathways; thus, the TCO was useful as a probe for mechanistic investigations into the involvement of Br2 in bromination reactions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Murata
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Shitamichi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Hiramatsu
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uraguchi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- List Sustainable Digital Transformation Catalyst Collaboration Research Platform, Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (ICReDD List-PF), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Keisuke Asano
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
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28
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Medvedev AG, Medved'ko AV, Vener MV, Churakov AV, Prikhodchenko PV, Vatsadze SZ. Dioxygen-halogen bonding exemplified by crystalline peroxosolvates of N, N'-bis(haloacetyl) bispidines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5195-5206. [PMID: 38261463 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05834d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The halogen bonding in molecular crystals and supramolecular assemblies has been widely investigated. Special attention is given to the molecular structures capable of simultaneously exhibiting different types of non-covalent interactions, including conventional hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds. This paper systematically analyzes crystalline peroxosolvates of bispidine-based bis-amide derivatives, containing haloacetic acid residues, namely previously reported 1,1'-(1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-iodooethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20I2N2O2·H2O2 (1) and four new crystalline compounds, 1,1'-(1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20Br2N2O2·H2O2 (2), 1,1'-(9-hydroperoxy-9-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-iodoethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20I2N2O5·0.5H2O2 (3), 1,1'-(9-hydroperoxy-9-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20Br2N2O5·H2O2 (4), and 1,1'-(9-hydroperoxy-9-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-chloroethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20Cl2N2O5·H2O2 (5). Compounds 2-5 were synthesized for the first time and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry (SCXRD). To the best of our knowledge, 3-5 are unprecedented crystalline hydrogen peroxide adducts of organic hydroperoxides (R-OOH). Short intermolecular contacts between halogen and hydroperoxo oxygen atoms were found in 1-3. The halogen bonding of C-I(Br) fragments with dioxygen species in compounds 1-3 as well as in the previously reported cocrystal of diacetone diperoxide with triodotrinitrobenzene (6) was identified through reduced density gradient analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and Bader analysis of crystalline electron density. The interactions were quantified using the electron density topological properties acquired from the periodic DFT calculations and evaluated to lie in the range of 9-19 kJ mol-1. A distinctive spectral feature was revealed for this type of interaction, involving a red shift of the characteristic O-O stretching vibration by about 6 cm-1, which appeared in IR spectra as a narrow low-intensity band in the region 837-872 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Medvedev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Aleksei V Medved'ko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail V Vener
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrei V Churakov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Petr V Prikhodchenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey Z Vatsadze
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
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29
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Paul S, Choudhuri T, Das S, Pratap R, Bagdi AK. Tunable Regioselective Allylic Alkylation/Iodination of Imidazoheterocycles in Water. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1492-1504. [PMID: 38215401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The switchable roles of allylic alcohol and molecular iodine as reagents and catalysts have been demonstrated in the regioselective allylic alkylation and iodination of imidazoheterocycles employing the mixture of allylic alcohol-I2. First, we have explored the catalytic activity of iodine for the allylation of imidazoheterocycles using allylic alcohol in an aqueous medium. The allylation of a library of imidazoheterocycles and other electron-rich heterocycles like indole, pyrazole, 4-hydroxy coumarin, and 6-amino uracil has been achieved by employing this methodology. The efficiency of the I2 catalyst for N-allylation of azoles has also been demonstrated. Next, we have shown that this mixture of allylic alcohol and I2 could be beneficial for the iodination of imidazoheterocycles under room temperature. Mechanistic studies indicate that the activation of allylic alcohol by molecular iodine took place probably through halogen bonding, and NMR studies show that the reaction did not proceed through allylic ether formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | | | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Ramendra Pratap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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30
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Lanzi M, Wencel-Delord J. Diaryl hypervalent bromines and chlorines: synthesis, structures and reactivities. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1557-1569. [PMID: 38303936 PMCID: PMC10829020 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05382b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of modern organic chemistry, hypervalent compounds have become indispensable tools for synthetic chemists, finding widespread applications in both academic research and industrial settings. While iodine-based reagents have historically dominated this research field, recent focus has shifted to the potent yet relatively unexplored chemistry of diaryl λ3-bromanes and -chloranes. Despite their unique reactivities, the progress in their development and application within organic synthesis has been hampered by the absence of straightforward, reliable, and widely applicable preparative methods. However, recent investigations have uncovered innovative approaches and novel reactivity patterns associated with these specialized compounds. These discoveries suggest that we have only begun to tap into their potential, implying that there is much more to be explored in this captivating area of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lanzi
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire etApplications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université deStrasbourg/Université deHaute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire etApplications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université deStrasbourg/Université deHaute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, JMU Würzburg Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
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31
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Jiang Z, You K, Wu H, Xu M, Wang T, Luo J. Photochemical Halogen-Bonding Promoted Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones via Vinyl and Sulfonyl Radicals. Org Lett 2024; 26:636-641. [PMID: 38273796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A photochemical halogen-bonding-assisted synthesis of vinyl sulfones via radical-radical cross-coupling of vinyl bromines and sodium sulfinates is developed. This methodology offers a facile and efficient approach to various vinyl sulfones with excellent functional group tolerance under metal-, photocatalyst-, base-, and oxidant-free conditions. The reaction is also applicable for the late-stage functionalization of drug molecules and the hectogram scale. Moreover, instead of sodium sulfites being prepared, these reactions could also be conducted using sulfonyl chlorides in a one-pot method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Ke You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jin Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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32
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Li Y, Zhao C, Wang Z, Zeng Y. Halogen Bond Catalysis: A Physical Chemistry Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:507-527. [PMID: 38214658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
As important noncovalent interactions, halogen bonds have been widely used in material science, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, organocatalysis, and other fields. In the past 15 years, halogen bond catalysis has become a developed field in organocatalysis for the catalysts' advantages of being environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and recyclable. Halogen bonds can induce various organic reactions, and halogen bond catalysis has become a powerful alternative to the fully explored hydrogen bond catalysis. From a physical chemistry view, this perspective provides an overview of the latest progress and key examples of halogen bond catalysis via activation of the lone pair systems of organic functional group, π systems, and metal complexes. The research progresses in halogen bond catalysis by our group were also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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33
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Abstract
Catalysts play a major role in chemical synthesis, and catalysis is considered to be a green and economic process. Catalysis is dominated by covalent interactions between the catalyst and substrate. The design of non-covalent catalysts came into limelight only recently. Hydrogen bonding (HB) catalysts are well established among non-covalent catalysts, including asymmetric HB catalysts. Though halogen bonding (XB) catalysis and its asymmetric version are gaining admiration, non-covalent chalcogen bonding catalysis (ChB) is in the budding stage. This tutorial review will focus on the recently evolved chalcogen bonding catalysis and emphasis will be given to the chalcogen bonding of chiral molecules. Since successful enantioselective chalcogen bonding catalysis is yet to be reported, this review will focus on the basics of non-covalent bonding catalysis, chalcogen bonding catalysis, chiral chalcogenide synthesis, rigidification of transition states by ChB, stabilization of cations by chiral chalcogens, details of unsuccessful asymmetric chalcogen bonding catalysis, enantioseparation of racemic molecules using ChB, and the existence of ChB in chiral biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindasamy Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu-600 036, India.
| | | | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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34
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Wieske LE, Erdelyi M. Halogen Bonds of Halogen(I) Ions─Where Are We and Where to Go? J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3-18. [PMID: 38117016 PMCID: PMC10785816 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Halenium ions, X+, are particularly strong halogen-bond donors that interact with two Lewis bases simultaneously to form linear [D···X···D]+-type halonium complexes. Their three-center, four-electron halogen bond is both fundamentally interesting and technologically valuable as it tames the reactivity of halogen(I) ions, opening up new horizons in a variety of fields including synthetic organic and supramolecular chemistry. Understanding this bonding situation enables the development of improved halogen(I) transfer reactions and of advanced functional materials. Following a decade of investigations of basic principles, the range of applications is now rapidly widening. In this Perspective, we assess the status of the field and identify its key advances and the main bottlenecks. Clearing common misunderstandings that may hinder future progress, we aim to inspire and direct future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne
H. E. Wieske
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Bagha H, Hein R, Lim JYC, Durr CB, Sambrook MR, Beer PD. Halogen Bonding Tripodal Metallo-Receptors for Phosphate Recognition and Sensing in Aqueous-Containing Organic Media. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302775. [PMID: 37792284 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The anion recognition and electrochemical anion-sensing properties of halogen-bonding (XB) tripodal zinc(II) receptors strategically designed and constructed for tetrahedral anion guest binding are described. The XB tris(iodotriazole)-containing hosts exhibit high affinities and selectivities for inorganic phosphate over other more basic, mono-charged oxoanions such as acetate and the halides in a competitive CD3 CN/D2 O (9 : 1 v/v) aqueous solvent mixture. 1 H NMR anion binding and electrochemical voltammetric anion sensing studies with redox-active ferrocene functionalised metallo-tripodal receptor analogues, reveal each of the XB tripods as superior anion complexants when compared to their tris(prototriazole)-containing, hydrogen bonding (HB) counterparts, not only exemplifying the halogen bond as a strong alternative interaction to the traditional hydrogen bond for molecular recognition but also providing rare evidence of the ability of XB receptors to preferentially bind the "harder" phosphate oxoanion over the "softer" and less hydrated halides in aqueous containing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Bagha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher B Durr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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36
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Du T, Shen B, Dai J, Zhang M, Chen X, Yu P, Liu Y. Controlled and Regioselective Ring-Opening Polymerization for Poly(disulfide)s by Anion-Binding Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27788-27799. [PMID: 37987648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Poly(disulfide)s are an emerging class of sulfur-containing polymers with applications in medicine, energy, and functional materials. However, the constituent dynamic covalent S-S bond is highly reactive in the presence of the sulfide (RS-) anion, imposing a persistent challenge to control the polymerization. Here, we report an anion-binding approach to arrest the high reactivity of the RS- chain end to control the synthesis of linear poly(disulfide)s, realizing a rapid, living ring-opening polymerization of 1,2-dithiolanes with narrow dispersity and high regioselectivity (Mw/Mn ∼ 1.1, Ps ∼ 0.85). Mechanistic studies support the formation of a thiourea-base-sulfide ternary complex as the catalytically active species during the chain propagation. Theoretical analyses reveal a synergistic catalytic model where the catalyst preorganizes the protonated base and anionic chain end to establish spatial confinement over the bound monomer, effecting the observed regioselectivity. The catalytic system is amenable to monomers with various functional groups, and semicrystalline polymers are also obtained from lipoic acid derivatives by enhancing the regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boming Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jieyu Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingjian Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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37
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Weisbrodt M, Kowalczyk A, Schmidt B, Idzik TJ, Sośnicki JG. Functional Acrylic Resins Prepared via Photo-Induced Telomerization Using Tetrabromomethane as Telogen. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7650. [PMID: 38138792 PMCID: PMC10744734 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Novel method of obtaining functional acrylic resins (FARs) containing carboxyl- and benzophenone groups (in-chain functionalization) and terminal Br atoms was verified. Acrylic oligomers were prepared by a solution-free, UV-initiated telomerization process of basic monomer (n-butyl acrylate) and functional monomers (acrylic acid and 4-acrylooxybenzophenone) in the presence of radical photoinitiator and different amount of tetrabromomethane (CBr4) as telogen. The effect of telogen content on UV-telomerization kinetics as well as physicochemical and thermal (Tg) properties of FARs was investigated. A telogen content higher than 5 wt. parts does not affect the UV-telomerization rate (photo-DSC), the molecular weights of telomers (GPC), or their glass transition temperature (DSC), but it significantly increases the conversion of monomers (up to 88%) and lowers the viscosity of FARs (approx. 6 Pa·s). NMR studies confirmed the inclusion of CBr4 in the structure of functional acrylic telomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.W.); (B.S.); (T.J.I.); (J.G.S.)
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38
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Ma W, Kirchhoff JL, Strohmann C, Grabe B, Loh CCJ. Cooperative Bifurcated Chalcogen Bonding and Hydrogen Bonding as Stereocontrolling Elements for Selective Strain-Release Septanosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26611-26622. [PMID: 38032866 PMCID: PMC10722516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of noncovalent interactions (NCIs) is emerging as a vital handle in tackling broad stereoselectivity challenges in synthesis. In particular, there has been significant recent interest in the harnessing of unconventional NCIs to surmount difficult selectivity challenges in glycosylations. Herein, we disclose the exploitation of an unconventional bifurcated chalcogen bonding and hydrogen bonding (HB) network, which paves the way for a robust catalytic strategy into biologically useful seven-membered ring sugars. Through 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in situ monitoring, NMR titration experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) modeling, we propose a remarkable contemporaneous activation of multiple functional groups consisting of a bifurcated chalcogen bonding mechanism working hand-in-hand with HB activation. Significantly, the ester moiety installed on the glycosyl donor is critical in the establishment of the postulated ternary complex for stereocontrol. Through the 13C kinetic isotopic effect and kinetic studies, our data corroborated that a dissociative SNi-type mechanism forms the stereocontrolling basis for the excellent α-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut
für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Jan-Lukas Kirchhoff
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Bastian Grabe
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Charles C. J. Loh
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut
für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
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39
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Beckmann JL, Krieft J, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Poly-pnictogen bonding: trapping halide ions by a tetradentate antimony(iii) Lewis acid. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13551-13559. [PMID: 38033898 PMCID: PMC10685332 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04594c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly halide affine, tetradentate pnictogen-bonding host-system based on the syn-photodimer of 1,8-diethynylanthracene was synthesized by a selective tin-antimony exchange reaction. The host carries four C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Sb(C2F5)2 units and has been investigated regarding its ability to act as a Lewis acidic host component for the cooperative trapping of halide ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-). The chelating effect makes this host-system superior to its bidentate derivative in competition experiments. It represents a charge-reversed crown-4 and has the ability to dissolve otherwise poorly soluble salts like tetra-methyl-ammonium chloride. Its NMR-spectroscopic properties make it a potential probe for halide ions in solution. Insights into the structural properties of the halide adducts by X-ray diffraction and computational methods (DFT, QTAIM, IQA) reveal a complex interplay of attractive pnictogen bonding interactions and Coulomb repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louis Beckmann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Jonas Krieft
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
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40
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Piedra HF, Gebler V, Valdés C, Plaza M. Photochemical halogen-bonding assisted carbothiophosphorylation reactions of alkenyl and 1,3-dienyl bromides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12767-12773. [PMID: 38020380 PMCID: PMC10646874 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a synthetic procedure for the facile and general preparation of novel S-alkenyl and dienyl phosphoro(di)thioates for the first time. Extensive mechanistic investigations support that the reactions rely on a photochemical excitation of a halogen-bonding complex, formed with a phosphorothioate salt and an alkenyl or dienyl bromide, which light-induced fragmentation leads to the formation of the desired products through a radical-based pathway. The substrate scope is broad and exhibits a wide functional group tolerance in the formation of the final compounds, including molecules derived from natural products, all with unknown and potentially interesting biological properties. Eventually, a very efficient continuous flow protocol was developed for the upscale of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena F Piedra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Victoria Gebler
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Manuel Plaza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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41
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Beckmann JL, Krieft J, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. A Bidentate Antimony Pnictogen Bonding Host System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310439. [PMID: 37773008 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
A bidentate pnictogen bonding host-system based on 1,8-diethynylanthracene was synthesized by a selective tin-antimony exchange reaction and investigated regarding its ability to act as a Lewis acidic host component for the complexation of Lewis basic or anionic guests. In this work, the novel C≡C-Sb(C2 F5 )2 unit was established to study the potential of antimony(III) sites as representatives for the scarcely explored pnictogen bonding donors. The capability of this partly fluorinated host system was investigated towards halide anions (Cl- , Br- , I- ), dimethyl chalcogenides Me2 Y (Y=O, S, Se, Te), and nitrogen heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine). Insights into the adduct formation behavior as well as the bonding situation of such E⋅⋅⋅Sb-CF moieties were obtained in solution by means of NMR spectroscopy, in the solid state by X-ray diffraction, by elemental analyses, and by computational methods (DFT, QTAIM, IQA), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louis Beckmann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jonas Krieft
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2 Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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42
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Pang Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y. Activation of alkynes by chalcogen bonding: a Se⋯π interaction catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of 1,6-diynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12278-12281. [PMID: 37751221 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the triple bond of alkynes was dominated by transition metals, while it is difficult for organocatalysts to play an effective role in this realm. Herein, we describe the activation of alkynes by chalcogen bonding, and the weak Se⋯π interaction was capable of catalyzing the intramolecular cyclization of 1,6-diynes, thus adding a new capability in the list of supramolecular catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
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43
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Zhao Z, Pang Y, Zhao Z, Zhou PP, Wang Y. Supramolecular catalysis with ethers enabled by dual chalcogen bonding activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6347. [PMID: 37816750 PMCID: PMC10564790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of ethers by weak interactions is a long-standing objective in supramolecular catalysis, but yet it remains an underdeveloped topic. The obstacles towards solving this problem are prominent since it is difficult for a weak interaction to cleave a relatively strong C-O σ-bond and moreover, the ionic intermediate composing of an alkoxide ion and an electrophilic carbocation would deactivate weak interaction donors. Herein, we describe a distinctive activation mode, dual Se···π and Se···O bonding, that could activate benzylic as well as allylic ether C-O σ-bonds to achieve cyclization, coupling and elimination reactions. This dual Se···π and Se···O bonding catalysis approach could tolerate various alkoxide leaving groups, while the other representative weak interaction donors showed no catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuanling Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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44
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Shirakawa S. Bifunctional Onium and Potassium Iodides as Nucleophilic Catalysts for the Solvent-Free Syntheses of Carbonates, Thiocarbonates, and Oxazolidinones from Epoxides. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300144. [PMID: 37236152 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic potential of organo-onium iodides as nucleophilic catalysts is aptly demonstrated in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide (CO2 ), as a representative CO2 utilization reaction. Although organo-onium iodide nucleophilic catalysts are metal-free environmentally benign catalysts, harsh reaction conditions are generally required to efficiently promote the coupling reactions of epoxides and CO2 . To solve this problem and accomplish efficient CO2 utilization reactions under mild conditions, bifunctional onium iodide nucleophilic catalysts bearing a hydrogen bond donor moiety were developed by our research group. Based on the successful bifunctional design of the onium iodide catalysts, nucleophilic catalysis using a potassium iodide (KI)-tetraethylene glycol complex was also investigated in coupling reactions of epoxides and CO2 under mild reaction conditions. These effective bifunctional onium and potassium iodide nucleophilic catalysts were applied to the solvent-free syntheses of 2-oxazolidinones and cyclic thiocarbonates from epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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45
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Radzhabov AD, Ledneva AI, Soldatova NS, Fedorova II, Ivanov DM, Ivanov AA, Yusubov MS, Kukushkin VY, Postnikov PS. Halogen Bond-Involving Self-Assembly of Iodonium Carboxylates: Adding a Dimension to Supramolecular Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14642. [PMID: 37834088 PMCID: PMC10573078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed 0D, 1D, and 2D supramolecular assemblies made of diaryliodonium salts (functioning as double σ-hole donors) and carboxylates (as σ-hole acceptors). The association was based on two charge-supported halogen bonds (XB), which occurred between IIII sites of the iodonium cations and the carboxylate anions. The sequential introduction of the carboxylic groups in the aryl ring of the benzoic acid added a dimension to the 0D supramolecular organization of the benzoate, which furnished 1D-chained and 2D-layered structures when terephthalate and trimesate anions, correspondingly, were applied as XB acceptors. The structure-directing XB were studied using DFT calculations under periodic boundary conditions and were followed by the one-electron-potential analysis and the Bader atoms-in-molecules topological analysis of electron density. These theoretical methods confirmed the existence of the XB and verified the philicities of the interaction partners in the designed solid-state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirbek D. Radzhabov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Alyona I. Ledneva
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Natalia S. Soldatova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Irina I. Fedorova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia (V.Y.K.)
- Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Daniil M. Ivanov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia (V.Y.K.)
| | - Alexey A. Ivanov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia (V.Y.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
- Department of Solid State Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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46
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Maharana R, Bhanja R, Mal P, Samanta K. Investigation of the Effect of Solvents on the Synthesis of Aza-flavanone from Aminochalcone Facilitated by Halogen Bonding. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33785-33793. [PMID: 37744869 PMCID: PMC10515354 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been recognized that CBr4 can give rise to a noncovalent interaction known as halogen bond (XB). CBr4 was found to catalyze, in terms of XB formation, the transformation of 2'-aminochalcone to aza-flavanone through an intramolecular Michael addition reaction. The impact of XB and the resulting yield of aza-flavanone exhibited a pronounced dependence on the characteristics of the solvent. Notably, yields of 88% in ethanol and 33% in DMSO were achieved, while merely a trace amount of the product was detected in benzene. In this work, we use a computational modeling study to understand this variance in yield. The reaction is modeled at the level of density functional theory (based on the M06-2X exchange-correlation functional) with all-electron basis sets of triple-ζ quality. Grimme's dispersion correction is incorporated to account for the noncovalent interactions accurately. Harmonic frequency calculations are carried out to establish the character of the optimized structures (minimum or saddle point). Our calculations confirm the formation of an XB between CBr4 and the reacting species and its role in lowering the activation energy barrier. Stronger orbital interactions and significant lowering of the steric repulsion were found to be important in lowering the activation barrier. The negligible yield in the nonpolar solvent benzene may be attributed to the high activation energy as well as the inadequate stabilization of the zwitterionic intermediate. In ethanol, a protic solvent, additional H-bonding contributes to further lowering of the activation barrier and better stabilization of the zwitterionic intermediate. The combined effects of solvent polarity, XB, and H-bond are likely to give rise to an excellent yield of aza-flavanone in ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat
Rajiv Maharana
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Rosalin Bhanja
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National
Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National
Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Kousik Samanta
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha 752050, India
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47
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Keuper AC, Fengler K, Ostler F, Danelzik T, Piekarski DG, García Mancheño O. Fine-Tuning Substrate-Catalyst Halogen-Halogen Interactions for Boosting Enantioselectivity in Halogen-Bonding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304781. [PMID: 37228095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new approach towards highly enantioselective halogen-bonding catalysis has been developed. To circumvent the intrinsic issues of the nature of the halogen-bond (XB) and the resultant unresolved limitations in asymmetric catalysis, fine-tuned halogen-halogen interactions between the substrate and XB-donor were designed to preorganize the substrate in the catalyst's cavity and boost enantiocontrol. The present strategy exploits both the electron cloud (Lewis base site) and the sigma (σ)-hole site of the halogen substituent of the substrates to form a tight catalyst-substrate-counteranion chiral complex, thus enabling a controlled induction of high levels of chirality transfer. Remarkable enantioselectivities of up to 95 : 5 e.r. (90 % ee) have been achieved in a model dearomatization reaction of halogen-substituted (iso)quinolines with tetrakis-iodotriazole multidentate anion-binding catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica C Keuper
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kevin Fengler
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Ostler
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Danelzik
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dariusz G Piekarski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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48
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Sun J, Decato DA, Bryantsev VS, John EA, Berryman OB. The interplay between hydrogen and halogen bonding: substituent effects and their role in the hydrogen bond enhanced halogen bond. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8924-8935. [PMID: 37621436 PMCID: PMC10445465 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02348f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen bond enhanced halogen bond (HBeXB) has recently been used to effectively improve anion binding, organocatalysis, and protein structure/function. In this study, we present the first systematic investigation of substituent effects in the HBeXB. NMR analysis confirmed intramolecular HBing between the amine and the electron-rich belt of the XB donor (N-H⋯I). Gas-phase density functional theory studies showed that the influence of HBing on the halogen atom is more sensitive to substitution on the HB donor ring (R1). The NMR studies revealed that the intramolecular HBing had a significant impact on receptor performance, resulting in a 50-fold improvement. Additionally, linear free energy relationship (LFER) analysis was employed for the first time to study the substituent effect in the HBeXB. The results showed that substituents on the XB donor ring (R2) had a competing effect where electron donating groups strengthened the HB and weakened the XB. Therefore, selecting an appropriate substituent on the adjacent HB donor ring (R1) could be an alternative and effective way to enhance an electron-rich XB donor. X-ray crystallographic analysis demonstrated that intramolecular HBing plays an important role in the receptor adopting the bidentate conformation. Taken together, the findings imply that modifying distal substituents that affect neighboring noncovalent interactions can have a similar impact to conventional para substitution substituent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Daniel A Decato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | | | - Eric A John
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Orion B Berryman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812 USA
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49
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Wang A, Kennepohl P. Catalytic activation via π-backbonding in halogen bonds. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:241-251. [PMID: 37186101 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of halogen bonding (XB) in chemical catalysis has largely involved using XB donors as Lewis acid activators to modulate the reactivity of partner Lewis bases. We explore a more uncommon scenario, where a Lewis base modulates reactivity via a spectator halogen bond interaction. Our computational studies reveal that spectator halogen bonds may play an important role in modulating the rate of SN2 reactions. Most notably, π acceptors such as PF3 significantly decrease the barrier to substitution by decreasing electron density in the very electron rich transition state. Such π-backbonding represents an example of a heretofore unexplored situation in halogen bonding: the combination of both σ-donation and π-backdonation in this "non-covalent" interaction. The broader implications of this observation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pierre Kennepohl
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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50
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Vaas S, Zimmermann MO, Schollmeyer D, Stahlecker J, Engelhardt MU, Rheinganz J, Drotleff B, Olfert M, Lämmerhofer M, Kramer M, Stehle T, Boeckler FM. Principles and Applications of CF 2X Moieties as Unconventional Halogen Bond Donors in Medicinal Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10202-10225. [PMID: 37487500 PMCID: PMC10424184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
As an orthogonal principle to the established (hetero)aryl halides, we herein highlight the usefulness of CF2X (X = Cl, Br, or I) moieties. Using tool compounds bearing CF2X moieties, we study their chemical/metabolic stability and their logP/solubility, as well as the role of XB in their small molecular crystal structures. Employing QM techniques, we analyze the observed interactions, provide insights into the conformational flexibilities and preferences in the potential interaction space. For their application in molecular design, we characterize their XB donor capacities and its interaction strength dependent on geometric parameters. Implementation of CF2X acetamides into our HEFLibs and biophysical evaluation (STD-NMR/ITC), followed by X-ray analysis, reveals a highly interesting binding mode for fragment 23 in JNK3, featuring an XB of CF2Br toward the P-loop, as well as chalcogen bonds. We suggest that underexplored chemical space combined with unconventional binding modes provides excellent opportunities for patentable chemotypes for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vaas
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus O. Zimmermann
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jason Stahlecker
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc U. Engelhardt
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janosch Rheinganz
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Drotleff
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of
Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Olfert
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of
Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of
Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Kramer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty
Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank M. Boeckler
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute
for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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