1
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Handjaya JP, Patankar N, Reid JP. The Diversity and Evolution of Chiral Brønsted Acid Structures. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400921. [PMID: 38706381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The chemical space of chiral Brønsted acid catalysts is defined by quantity and complexity, reflecting the diverse synthetic challenges confronted and the innovative molecular designs introduced. Here, we detail how this successful outcome is a powerful demonstration of the benefits of utilizing both local structure searches and a comprehensive understanding of catalyst performance for effective and efficient exploration of Brønsted acid properties. In this concept article we provide an evolutionary overview of this field by summarizing the approaches to catalyst optimization, the resulting structures, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasemine P Handjaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Niraja Patankar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jolene P Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Ancajas CMF, Oyedele AS, Butt CM, Walker AS. Advances, opportunities, and challenges in methods for interrogating the structure activity relationships of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38912779 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Time span in literature: 1985-early 2024Natural products play a key role in drug discovery, both as a direct source of drugs and as a starting point for the development of synthetic compounds. Most natural products are not suitable to be used as drugs without further modification due to insufficient activity or poor pharmacokinetic properties. Choosing what modifications to make requires an understanding of the compound's structure-activity relationships. Use of structure-activity relationships is commonplace and essential in medicinal chemistry campaigns applied to human-designed synthetic compounds. Structure-activity relationships have also been used to improve the properties of natural products, but several challenges still limit these efforts. Here, we review methods for studying the structure-activity relationships of natural products and their limitations. Specifically, we will discuss how synthesis, including total synthesis, late-stage derivatization, chemoenzymatic synthetic pathways, and engineering and genome mining of biosynthetic pathways can be used to produce natural product analogs and discuss the challenges of each of these approaches. Finally, we will discuss computational methods including machine learning methods for analyzing the relationship between biosynthetic genes and product activity, computer aided drug design techniques, and interpretable artificial intelligence approaches towards elucidating structure-activity relationships from models trained to predict bioactivity from chemical structure. Our focus will be on these latter topics as their applications for natural products have not been extensively reviewed. We suggest that these methods are all complementary to each other, and that only collaborative efforts using a combination of these techniques will result in a full understanding of the structure-activity relationships of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caitlin M Butt
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Allison S Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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3
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Dalton DM, Walroth RC, Rouget-Virbel C, Mack KA, Toste FD. Utopia Point Bayesian Optimization Finds Condition-Dependent Selectivity for N-Methyl Pyrazole Condensation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15779-15786. [PMID: 38804885 PMCID: PMC11177315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Utopia Point Bayesian Optimization (UPBO) was used to identify reaction conditions that are highly selective for the formation of N1 and N2-methyl-3-aryl pyrazole constitutional isomers. UPBO was used to explore a wide chemical space and identify basic reaction conditions for a typically acid-catalyzed Knorr pyrazole condensation. These studies revealed that selectivity in the reaction stems from a condition-dependent equilibrium of intermediates prior to dehydration. For the N2-methyl isomer reaction pathway, a hemiaminal intermediate was found to form reversibly under the reaction conditions, enabling a highly selective synthesis of the N2 isomer upon dehydrative workup. UPBO was able to successfully optimize conversion and selectivity simultaneously with search spaces of >1 million potential variable combinations without the need for high-performance computational resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M. Dalton
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard C. Walroth
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Caroline Rouget-Virbel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kyle A. Mack
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Uchikura T, Kanno Y, Fukuda Y, Sato M, Akiyama T. Kinetic resolution of 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine derivatives by chiral calcium phosphate-catalyzed acylation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3444-3447. [PMID: 38595221 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
1,1'-Binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine (BINAM) is a useful axially chiral compound. The kinetic resolution of BINAM is one of the most crucial methods for synthesizing chiral BINAM. We have developed a chiral calcium phosphate-catalyzed kinetic resolution of BINAM by utilizing an acylation reaction to produce a mono-amide. The kinetic resolution of BINAM derivatives was achieved by using isobutyric anhydride in the presence of chiral calcium phosphate and 4-morpholinopyridine with up to s = 127. 6,6'-Substituted BINAM derivatives were also applicable for this reaction. The resulting mono-acylated BINAM could be transformed into BINAM by hydrolysis under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kanno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukino Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mikoto Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Richards CJ, Stephen Ojo O. Double asymmetric synthesis: faster reactions are more selective and a model to estimate relative rate. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7115-7128. [PMID: 37599596 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The catalysed reaction of an enantiopure substrate with formation of a new chirality element may result in higher diastereoselectivity with one enantiomer of a catalyst (matched pair) than with the other (mismatched pair). The hypothesis that the matched reaction is faster was investigated using literature examples of kinetic resolution procedures that result in the formation of a new stereogenic centre. With one exception from fifteen examples, the selectivity factor (s = kfast/kslow) = kmatched/kmismatched. A model to estimate the relative rate of a fast-matched reaction vs. the corresponding slow-mismatched reaction is proposed. This model also provides insight into the basis of the selectivity displayed in the kinetic resolution procedures studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Stephen Ojo
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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6
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Reid JP, Betinol IO, Kuang Y. Mechanism to model: a physical organic chemistry approach to reaction prediction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10711-10721. [PMID: 37552047 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of mechanistic generalizations is at the core of chemical reaction development and application. These strategies are rooted in physical organic chemistry where mechanistic understandings can be derived from one reaction and applied to explain another. Over time these techniques have evolved from rationalizing observed outcomes to leading experimental design through reaction prediction. In parallel, significant progression in asymmetric organocatalysis has expanded the reach of chiral transfer to new reactions with increased efficiency. However, the complex and diverse catalyst structures applied in this arena have rendered the generalization of asymmetric catalytic processes to be exceptionally challenging. Recognizing this, a portion of our research has been focused on understanding the transferability of chemical observations between similar reactions and exploiting this phenomenon as a platform for prediction. Through these experiences, we have relied on a working knowledge of reaction mechanism to guide the development and application of our models which have been advanced from simple qualitative rules to large statistical models for quantitative predictions. In this feature article, we describe the models acquired to generalize organocatalytic reaction mechanisms and demonstrate their use as a powerful approach for accelerating enantioselective synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene P Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Isaiah O Betinol
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Yutao Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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7
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Liles JP, Rouget-Virbel C, Wahlman JLH, Rahimoff R, Crawford JM, Medlin A, O’Connor V, Li J, Roytman VA, Toste FD, Sigman MS. Data Science Enables the Development of a New Class of Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysts. Chem 2023; 9:1518-1537. [PMID: 37519827 PMCID: PMC10373836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread success of BINOL-chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) has led to the development of several high molecular weight, sterically encumbered variants. Herein, we disclose an alternative, minimalistic chiral phosphoric acid backbone incorporating only a single instance of point chirality. Data science techniques were used to select a diverse training set of catalysts, which were benchmarked against the transfer hydrogenation of an 8-aminoquinoline. Using a univariate classification algorithm and multivariate linear regression, key catalyst features necessary for high levels of selectivity were deconvoluted, revealing a simple catalyst model capable of predicting selectivity for out-of-set catalysts. This workflow enabled extrapolation to a catalyst providing higher selectivity than both reported peptide-type and BINOL-type catalysts (up to 95:5 er). These techniques were then successfully applied towards two additional transforms. Taken together, these examples illustrate the power of combining rational design with data science (ab initio) to efficiently explore reactivity during catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P. Liles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Julie L. H. Wahlman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rene Rahimoff
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Abby Medlin
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Veronica O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Junqi Li
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vladislav A. Roytman
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Lead contact
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8
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Girvin ZC, Cotter LF, Yoon H, Chapman SJ, Mayer JM, Yoon TP, Miller SJ. Asymmetric Photochemical [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Acyclic Vinylpyridines through Ternary Complex Formation and an Uncontrolled Sensitization Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20109-20117. [PMID: 36264837 PMCID: PMC9633457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemical control of photochemical reactions that occur via triplet energy transfer remains a challenge. Suppressing off-catalyst stereorandom reactivity is difficult for highly reactive open-shell intermediates. Strategies for suppressing racemate-producing, off-catalyst pathways have long focused on formation of ground state, substrate-catalyst chiral complexes that are primed for triplet energy transfer via a photocatalyst in contrast to their off-catalyst counterparts. Herein, we describe a strategy where both a chiral catalyst-associated vinylpyridine and a nonassociated, free vinylpyridine substrate can be sensitized by an Ir(III) photocatalyst, yet high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity in a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition are achieved through a preferred, highly organized transition state. This mechanistic paradigm is distinct from, yet complementary to current approaches for achieving high levels of stereocontrol in photochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebediah C. Girvin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Laura F. Cotter
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Hyung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Steven J. Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James M. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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9
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Shao N, Rodriguez J, Quintard A. Catalysis Driven Six-Step Synthesis of Apratoxin A Key Polyketide Fragment. Org Lett 2022; 24:6537-6542. [PMID: 36073851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apratoxin A is a potent anticancer natural product whose key polyketide fragment constitutes a considerable challenge for organic synthesis, with five prior syntheses requiring 12 to 20 steps for its preparation. By combining different redox-economical catalytic stereoselective transformations, the key polyketide fragment could be rapidly prepared. Followed by a site-selective protection of the diol, this strategy enables the preparation of the apratoxin A fragment in only six steps, representing the shortest route to this polyketide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shao
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13007 Marseille, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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10
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Betinol IO, Reid JP. A predictive and mechanistic statistical modelling workflow for improving decision making in organic synthesis and catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6012-6018. [PMID: 35389396 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00272h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The application of multivariate linear regression models has been widely utilized as a strategy to streamline the reaction optimization process. While these tools likely provide relatively safe predictions, embedding a method for forecasting the probability of achieving the desired reaction outcome would be valuable for streamlining the identification of promising structures with the best chance of success. Herein, we present a workflow that predicts the probability that a reaction will be successful and is easy and quick to apply. We show that this probabilistic framework can effectively differentiate between predictions often indistinguishable by multivariate linear regression analysis. Moreover, these techniques can enhance the development of mechanistically informative correlations by producing more direct pathways for molecular development and design. Overall, we anticipate this protocol will be generally applicable and useful for accelerating successful chemical discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah O Betinol
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Jolene P Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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11
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Larraufie MH, Gao X, Xia X, Devine PJ, Kallen J, Liu D, Michaud G, Harsch A, Savage N, Ding J, Tan K, Mihalic M, Roggo S, Canham SM, Bushell SM, Krastel P, Gao J, Izaac A, Altinoglu E, Lustenberger P, Salcius M, Harbinski F, Williams ET, Zeng L, Loureiro J, Cong F, Fryer CJ, Klickstein L, Tallarico JA, Jain RK, Rothman DM, Wang S. Phenotypic screen identifies calcineurin-sparing FK506 analogs as BMP potentiators for treatment of acute kidney injury. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1271-1282.e12. [PMID: 33894161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening disease with no known curative or preventive therapies. Data from multiple animal models and human studies have linked dysregulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling to AKI. Small molecules that potentiate endogenous BMP signaling should have a beneficial effect in AKI. We performed a high-throughput phenotypic screen and identified a series of FK506 analogs that act as potent BMP potentiators by sequestering FKBP12 from BMP type I receptors. We further showed that calcineurin inhibition was not required for this activity. We identified a calcineurin-sparing FK506 analog oxtFK through late-stage functionalization and structure-guided design. OxtFK demonstrated an improved safety profile in vivo relative to FK506. OxtFK stimulated BMP signaling in vitro and in vivo and protected the kidneys in an AKI mouse model, making it a promising candidate for future development as a first-in-class therapeutic for diseases with dysregulated BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaolin Gao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Joerg Kallen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dong Liu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Michaud
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Harsch
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nik Savage
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jian Ding
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kian Tan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Mihalic
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Roggo
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon M Bushell
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philipp Krastel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jinhai Gao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aude Izaac
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erhan Altinoglu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael Salcius
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fred Harbinski
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric T Williams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liling Zeng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Loureiro
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Feng Cong
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christy J Fryer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rishi K Jain
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Shaowen Wang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Nishikawa Y, Toda S, Matsui T, Takada H, Takemoto K, Hara O. Site-Selective Acylations of α- and β-Hydroxyamides in Complex Molecules: Application of Template-Driven Acylation to Disaccharides and a Glycopeptide. Org Lett 2021; 23:2715-2719. [PMID: 33734719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective acylations of α-and β-hydroxyamides in complex polyols are described. The combination of a pyridine aldoxime ester and Zn(OTf)2 facilitates the acylation of two types of N-glycolyl disaccharides, namely, Gal-GlcNGc and Neu5Gc-Gal, both of which are partial structures of polysaccharides responsible for biological actions, with highly site-selective modifications achieved. Furthermore, biotinylation, one of the most important techniques in chemical biology, is used to site-selectively acylate the β-hydroxyl group in a glycopeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Shione Toda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Takami Matsui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Hanae Takada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Takemoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Osamu Hara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
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13
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Featherston AL, Kwon Y, Pompeo MM, Engl OD, Leahy DK, Miller SJ. Catalytic asymmetric and stereodivergent oligonucleotide synthesis. Science 2021; 371:702-707. [PMID: 33574208 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the catalytic stereocontrolled synthesis of dinucleotides. We have demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, that chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalysts control the formation of stereogenic phosphorous centers during phosphoramidite transfer. Unprecedented levels of diastereodivergence have also been demonstrated, enabling access to either phosphite diastereomer. Two different CPA scaffolds have proven to be essential for achieving stereodivergence: peptide-embedded phosphothreonine-derived CPAs, which reinforce and amplify the inherent substrate preference, and C2-symmetric BINOL-derived CPAs, which completely overturn this stereochemical preference. The presently reported catalytic method does not require stoichiometric activators or chiral auxiliaries and enables asymmetric catalysis with readily available phosphoramidites. The method was applied to the stereocontrolled synthesis of diastereomeric dinucleotides as well as cyclic dinucleotides, which are of broad interest in immuno-oncology as agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew M Pompeo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Oliver D Engl
- Process Chemistry Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David K Leahy
- Process Chemistry Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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14
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Ochoa ME, Farfán N, Labra-Vázquez P, Soto-Castro D, Santillan R. Synthesis, characterization and in silico screening of potential biological activity of 17α-ethynyl-3β, 17β, 19-trihydroxyandrost-5-en acetylated derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Lu K, Liang PY, Yan CX, Yang FL, Yang X, Dou W, Yu Q, Yang J, Zhou PP. Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed atroposelective C–H amination of arenes: mechanisms, origin and influencing factors of enantioselectivity. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01160f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The amination reaction between azonaphthalene and carbazole catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid was theoretically investigated, and the mechanism, origin and influencing factors of enantioselectivity were elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education
- Advanced Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
| | - Peng-Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education
- Advanced Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
| | - Chao-Xian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education
- Advanced Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
| | - Fang-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education
- Advanced Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education
- Advanced Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
| | - Wei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education
- Advanced Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
| | - Qinwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Jianming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education
- Advanced Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebediah C. Girvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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17
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Dutta U, Porey S, Pimparkar S, Mandal A, Grover J, Koodan A, Maiti D. para
‐Selective Arylation of Arenes: A Direct Route to Biaryls by Norbornene Relay Palladation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dutta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Sandeep Pimparkar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Astam Mandal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Jagrit Grover
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Adithyaraj Koodan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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18
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Dutta U, Porey S, Pimparkar S, Mandal A, Grover J, Koodan A, Maiti D. para-Selective Arylation of Arenes: A Direct Route to Biaryls by Norbornene Relay Palladation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20831-20836. [PMID: 32754958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biaryl compounds are extremely important structural motifs in natural products, biologically active components and pharmaceuticals. Selective synthesis of biaryls by distinguishing the subtle reactivity difference of distal arene C-H bonds are significantly challenging. Herein, we describe para-selective C-H arylation, which is acheived by a unique combination of a meta-directing group and norbornene as a transient mediator. Upon direct meta-C-H palladation, one-bond relay palladation occurs in presence of norbornene and subsequently para-C-H arylation is achieved for sulfonates, phosphonates and phenols bearing 2,6-disubstitution patterns. The protocol is amenable to electron-deficient aryl iodides. Multisubstituted arenes and phenols are obtained by postsynthetic modification of the products. The protocol allows the synthesis of hexa-substituted benzene by sequential selective distal C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Sandeep Pimparkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Astam Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Jagrit Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Adithyaraj Koodan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India.,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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19
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Ashush N, Fallek R, Fallek A, Dobrovetsky R, Portnoy M. Base- and Catalyst-Induced Orthogonal Site Selectivities in Acylation of Amphiphilic Diols. Org Lett 2020; 22:3749-3754. [PMID: 32330055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seeking to selectively functionalize natural and synthetic amphiphiles, we explored acylation of model amphiphilic diols. The use of a nucleophilic catalyst enabled a remarkable shift of the site selectivity from the polar site, preferred in background noncatalyzed or base-promoted reactions, to the apolar site. This tendency was significantly enhanced for organocatalysts comprising an imidazole active site surrounded by long/branched tails. An explanation of these orthogonal modes of selectivity is supported by competitive experiments with monoalcohol substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Ashush
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Reut Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amit Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Moshe Portnoy
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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20
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Pecho F, Zou Y, Gramüller J, Mori T, Huber SM, Bauer A, Gschwind RM, Bach T. A Thioxanthone Sensitizer with a Chiral Phosphoric Acid Binding Site: Properties and Applications in Visible Light-Mediated Cycloadditions. Chemistry 2020; 26:5190-5194. [PMID: 32065432 PMCID: PMC7216904 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A chiral phosphoric acid with a 2,2'-binaphthol core was prepared that displays two thioxanthone moieties at the 3,3'-position as light-harvesting antennas. Despite its relatively low triplet energy, the phosphoric acid was found to be an efficient catalyst for the enantioselective intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of β-carboxyl-substituted cyclic enones (e.r. up to 93:7). Binding of the carboxylic acid to the sensitizer is suggested by NMR studies and by DFT calculations to occur by means of two hydrogen bonds. The binding event not only enables an enantioface differentiation but also modulates the triplet energy of the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Pecho
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University MunichLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - You‐Quan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University MunichLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Johannes Gramüller
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuita, Osaka565-871Japan
| | - Stefan M. Huber
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University MunichLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University MunichLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
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21
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Wang S, Arguelles AJ, Tay JH, Hotta M, Zimmerman PM, Nagorny P. Experimental and Computational Studies on Regiodivergent Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Mupirocin Methyl Ester. Chemistry 2020; 26:4583-4591. [PMID: 31905253 PMCID: PMC7261366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a new strategy for achieving regiocontrol over the endo versus exo modes of cycloisomerizations of epoxide-containing alcohols, which leads to the formation of five- or six-membered cyclic ethers. Unlike traditional methods relying on achiral reagents or enzymes, this approach utilizes chiral phosphoric acids to catalyze the regiodivergent selective formations of either tetrahydrofuran- or tetrahydropyran-containing products. By using methyl ester of epoxide-containing antibiotic mupirocin as the substrate, it is demonstrated that catalytic chiral phosphoric acids (R)-TCYP and (S)-TIPSY could be used to achieve the selective formation of either the six-membered endo product (95:5 r.r.) or the five-membered exo product (77:23 r.r.), correspondingly. This cyclization was found to be unselective under the standard conditions involving various achiral acids, bases, or buffers. The subsequent mechanistic studies using state-of-the-art quantum chemical solutions provided the description of the potential energy surface, which is fully consistent with the experimental observations. Based on these results, highly detailed reaction paths are obtained and a concerted and highly synchronous mechanism is proposed for the formation of both exo and endo products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibin Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alonso J Arguelles
- Eli Lilly and Company, 1500 South Harding Street, Indiana, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Jia-Hui Tay
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Miyuki Hotta
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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22
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Lu K, Feng X, Yan CX, Yang FL, Yang X, Zhou PP, Yang Z. Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric arylation of indolesvianucleophilic aromatic substitution: mechanisms and origin of enantioselectivity. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric arylation of indolesvianucleophilic aromatic substitution can be effectively achieved using chiral phosphoric acid as catalyst, where the mechanisms and origin of enantioselectivity were explored theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics
- Ministry of Health
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)
- Beijing 100050
| | - Chao-Xian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Fang-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics
- Ministry of Health
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)
- Beijing 100050
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23
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Lu K, Dai Y, Yan CX, Yang FL, Yang X, Zhou PP, Yang Z. Monoalkylation of aniline with trichloroacetimidate catalyzed by (±)-camphorsulfonic acid through an S N1 reaction based on dual hydrogen-bonding activation modes. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the monoalkylation of anilines with trichloroacetimidates catalyzed by CSA was investigated theoretically, and it was found that the reaction occurred through an SN1 reaction involving the dual hydrogen-bonding activation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Chao-Xian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Fang-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)
- Beijing 100050
- China
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